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`EXHIBIT A
`EXHIBIT A
`
`
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`Ex.1006.00001
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00001
`
`

`

`Exhibit A - U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347 (“’347 Patent”)
`
`Accused Instrumentalities: (1) cellular base stations that support 3GPP 5G NR beamforming, and (2) cellular user equipment (UE) that supports 3GPP
`5G NR beamforming.
`
`Based upon publicly available information and without the benefit of discovery in this case, the accused base stations include, but are not limited to the
`following products sold by Nokia, Ericsson, and Samsung:
`
`Nokia: AirScale base station, AirScale radio and baseband, AirScale 5G mMIMO base station, ReefShark System on Chip and all products containing
`the same, AirScale Osprey, AirScale Habrok, AirScale mRRH, AirScale pRRH, AirScale 4.5G Pro RRH, AirScale sHUB, FZHR, AHBOA, FSIH,
`FHFB, AZHL, AAFIA, 32TRX, and 64TRX.
`
`Ericsson: 5G AIR products, 5G Baseband products, 5G Radio products, 5G Antenna products, AIR 1279, AIR 3218, AIR 3219, AIR 3229, AIR 3239,
`AIR 3246, AIR 3258, AIR 3268, AIR 3283, AIR 6419, AIR 6428, AIR 6468, AIR 6476, AIR 6488, Interleaved AIR, Baseband 5216, Baseband 6502,
`Baseband 6648, 5G Radio Dot, Radio 4407, Radio 4408, Radio 4412, Radio 4418, Radio 4485, Radio 4490, Radio 8808, Radio 8863, Antenna 4600,
`Antenna 4602, Antenna 5500, and Antenna 6600.
`
`Samsung: 5G base stations, 4T4R CBRS Radio, 32T32R Radio, 64T64R Radio, C-Band Radio, CDU50, One Antenna Radio, Link Hub, and Link
`HubPro.
`
`The accused UE devices include without limitation the Apple iPhone 12, iPhone 12 mini, iPhone 13, iPhone 13 mini, iPhone 13 Pro, iPhone 13 Pro
`Max, iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, iPhone 14 Pro, iPhone 14 Pro Max, iPhone SE, iPad, iPad Air, iPad Mini, iPad Pro 11-inch, and iPad Pro 12.9-inch;
`Samsung Galaxy S10, Galaxy S20, Galaxy S20+, Galaxy S20 Ultra, Galaxy S20 FE, Galaxy S21, Galaxy S21+, Galaxy S21 Ultra, Galaxy S21 FE,
`Galaxy S22, Galaxy S22+, Galaxy S22 Ultra, Galaxy S23, Galaxy S23+, Galaxy S23 Ultra, Galaxy Z Flip3, Galaxy Z Flip4, Galaxy Fold, Galaxy Z
`Fold2, Galaxy Z Fold3, Galaxy Z Fold4, Galaxy A13, Galaxy A14, Galaxy A22, Galaxy A23, Galaxy A32, Galaxy A33, Galaxy A42, Galaxy A51,
`Galaxy A52, Galaxy A53, Galaxy A71, Galaxy A73, Galaxy A90, Galaxy F42, Galaxy F52, Galaxy M13, Galaxy M32, Galaxy M42, Galaxy M52,
`Galaxy Note 10, Galaxy Note 10+, Galaxy Note 20, Galaxy Note 20 Ultra, and Galaxy Quantum 2; Google Pixel 4a, Pixel 5, Pixel 5a, Pixel 6, Pixel
`6a, and Pixel 7; Motorola Edge, Edge+, G Play, G Power, G Pure, G Stylus, and One; and UE devices (such as Wi-Fi gateway devices) provided for
`use with defendant’s home 5G Internet services.
`
`Page 1 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00002
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`Claim 1
`
`[1pre] A method for wireless communi-
`cation in a system including a transmitter,
`a receiver, and a plurality of propagation
`paths formed between the transmitter and
`the receiver which are capable of carrying
`a signal transmitted by the transmitter to
`the receiver, the method comprising:
`
`Public Documentation
`
`To the extent the preamble is found to be limiting, the Accused Instrumentalities perform a method for wireless communication in a
`system including a transmitter, a receiver, and a plurality of propagation paths formed between the transmitter and the receiver which
`are capable of carrying a signal transmitted by the transmitter to the receiver.
`
`For example, the Accused Instrumentalities perform a method for beamforming 5G NR transmissions between a base station and user
`equipment (UE) utilizing the multipath transmission environment between the transmitter and receiver. This method is described, for
`example, in 3GPP standards documents such as TR 38.901 V15.0.0, TS 38.300 V2.0.0, and associated documents, which describe
`aspects of the operations associated with components of the Accused Instrumentalities.
`
`
`
`
`Page 2 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00003
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TS 38.300 v17.2.0, § 4.1)
`
`
`
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, § 3.2)
`
`
`
`
`Page 3 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00004
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, § 7.6.2.2)
`
`
`
`
`Page 4 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00005
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, Table 7.8-4)
`
`
`
`Page 5 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00006
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`[1a] transmitting a first signal from the
`transmitter to the receiver via a first prop-
`agation path of the plurality of propaga-
`tion paths;
`
`Public Documentation
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method including transmitting a first signal from the transmitter to the receiver via a first
`propagation path of the plurality of propagation paths.
`
`For example, the base station initially transmits via a narrow-beam antenna to the UE. This is illustrated in the diagrams below as, for
`example and without limitation, the initial gNB beam (which is one of the plurality of propagation paths).
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018
`Amitabha Ghosh, Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`
`
`[1b] receiving the first signal at the re-
`ceiver;
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method including receiving the first signal at the receiver.
`
`For example, the UE receives the initial transmission as described above and below.
`
`Page 6 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00007
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`Public Documentation
`
`[1c] performing a channel estimation
`based on the first signal to obtain path pa-
`rameter information of the first propaga-
`tion path;
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018
`Amitabha Ghosh, Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method including performing a channel estimation based on the first signal to obtain path
`parameter information of the first propagation path.
`
`For example, the UE performs link channel state estimation based on the first signal, which includes information that is required by
`the gNB.
`
`
`Page 7 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00008
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TS 38.200 v2.0.0, § 5.2.5.1)
`
`
`
`[1d] sending the channel estimation that
`includes the path parameter information
`from the receiver to the transmitter via the
`first propagation path;
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method including sending the channel estimation that includes the path parameter infor-
`mation from the receiver to the transmitter via the first propagation path.
`
`For example, the UE sends the estimated channel state back to the gNB. In at least TDD mode (as used by 5G NR FR2 with beam-
`forming), the uplink transmission uses the same propagation path (via reciprocity) as the downlink transmission.
`
`(3GPP TS 38.200 v2.0.0, § 5.2.5.1)
`
`
`
`Page 8 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00009
`
`

`

`[1e] predistorting a second signal at the
`transmitter in a time domain, a frequency
`domain, and a spatial domain, according
`to the channel estimation based on the
`first signal;
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method including predistorting a second signal at the transmitter in a time domain, a fre-
`quency domain, and a spatial domain, according to the channel estimation based on the first signal.
`
`For example, a 5G NR signal with beamforming is a predistorted signal in time, frequency, and space. For example, applicable time
`and frequency subcarriers are selected based on the returned CSI, and an appropriate spatial beam refinement is selected based on the
`returned CSI.
`
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018 Amitabha Ghosh,
`Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`Page 9 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00010
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`(NR Physical Layer Design: Physical layer structure, numerology and frame structure Workshop on 3GPP submission towards IMT-
`2020, Brussels, Oct. 24-25, 2018, Havish Koorapaty 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 vice-chairman (Ericsson), available at
`https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/5Gtech_4001_3GPP_5GNR_IMT2020_EvaluationWorkshop_Oct2018/RWS-
`180007_3GPP%20NR%20Physical%20Layer%20Structure%20IMT2020.pdf). In this illustration, a resource block is placed in a par-
`ticular subframe (by time) and resource block (by frequency, i.e. subcarriers).
`
`Page 10 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00011
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`[1f] transmitting the predistorted second
`signal from the transmitter to the receiver
`via the first propagation path; and
`
`Public Documentation
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method including transmitting the predistorted second signal from the transmitter to the
`receiver via the first propagation path.
`
`For example, the gNB transmits the beamformed signal as described in the previous element.
`
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018 Amitabha Ghosh,
`Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`Page 11 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00012
`
`

`

`Claim 1
`
`[1g] receiving the predistorted second
`signal at the receiver.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method including receiving the predistorted second signal at the receiver.
`
`For example, the UE receives the beamformed signal as described in the previous two elements.
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018 Amitabha Ghosh,
`Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`Page 12 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00013
`
`

`

`Public Documentation
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method wherein the path parameter information of the first propagation path in-
`cludes at least one of an estimation of a delay, an estimation of a Doppler frequency, an estimation of a direction of arrival,
`an estimation of a direction of departure, and an estimation of a complex amplitude of the first propagation path.
`
`For example, in the Accused Instrumentalities the path parameter information of the first propagation path includes an esti-
`mation of a complex amplitude of the first propagation path. For example, the UE receives reference signals, such as CSI-
`RS reference symbols, and uses the signal to estimate the channel, and reports the channel state information back to the gNB.
`The propagation path impacts the phase and gain of the signal on each frequency tone which is measured by the UE; the
`phase and gain may be expressed as a complex number representing the complex amplitude.
`
` 3GPP compliant UE must be able to receive reference signals, such as CSI-RS reference symbols, estimate the channel in
`the form of a complex amplitude on the OFDM tones, compute and report the estimated channel state to the gNB.
`
`
` A
`
`Claim 2
`
`Claim 2
`
`[2] The method of claim 1, wherein the path pa-
`rameter information of the first propagation path
`includes at least one of an estimation of a delay, an
`estimation of a Doppler frequency, an estimation
`of a direction of arrival, an estimation of a direc-
`tion of departure, and an estimation of a complex
`amplitude of the first propagation path.
`
`(3GPP TS 38.200 v2.0.0, § 5.2.5.1)
`
`
`
`
`Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)
`As a DL-only signal, the CSI-RS the UE receives is used to estimate the channel and report channel quality information
`back to the gNB. During MIMO operations, NR uses different antenna approaches based on the carrier frequency. At
`lower frequencies, the system uses a modest number of active antennas for MU-MIMO and adds FDD operations. In this
`case, the UE needs the CSI-RS to calculate the CSI and report it back in the UL direction.
`https://www.techplayon.com/5g-nr-reference-signals-dmrs-ptrssrs-and-csi-rs
`
`
`
`Page 13 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00014
`
`

`

`Claim 3
`
`Claim 3
`
`[3] The method of claim 2, wherein the path param-
`eter information of the first propagation path fur-
`ther includes an estimation of a polarization status
`of the first propagation path.
`
`Public Documentation
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method wherein the path parameter information of the first propagation path further
`includes an estimation of a polarization status of the first propagation path.
`
`For example, for the channel estimation of the propagation path, the base station transmits reference signals, such as CSI-
`RS reference signals, from both antenna polarizations. The UE measures the channel state information for signals received
`from each antenna polarization and reports the channel state information to the base station, to be used for beamforming via
`distorting the signal at the base station transmitter. The channel state information estimate for the propagation path for each
`antenna polarization is used for beamforming in 3GPP base stations that utilize dual-polarized antennas.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities 3GPP base station antennas comprise multiple dual-polarized antenna elements:
`
`
`Page 14 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00015
`
`

`

`Claim 3
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`(O-RAN.WG4.CUS.0-v05.00, Technical Specification, O-RAN Fronthaul Working Group, Control, User and Synchroni-
`zation Plane Specification)
`
`
`Page 15 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00016
`
`

`

`Claim 3
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`
`
`
`(https://www.ericsson.com/en/reports-and-papers/white-papers/advanced-antenna-systems-for-5g-networks)
`
`Page 16 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00017
`
`

`

`Claim 4
`
`Claim 4
`
`[4] The method of claim 1, wherein the path param-
`eter information is obtained by at least one estima-
`tion technique of the group consisting of a
`maximum-likelihood estimation algorithm, peri-
`odogram, correlatorgram, spectral-based methods,
`Bartlett beamformers, Capon beamformers, sub-
`space-based techniques, MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal
`Classification), ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Pa-
`rameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques),
`approximation of the maximum-likelihood method
`based on iterative schemes, SAGE (Space-Alter-
`nating Generalized Expectation-maximization), Ri-
`MAX (Richter's Maximum Likelihood method),
`maximum-a-posteriori based methods, Evidence
`Framework, Bayesian techniques, tracking algo-
`rithms, Kalman filtering techniques, enhanced Kal-
`man
`filtering
`techniques, particle
`filtering
`techniques, and least-square-error methods.
`
`Public Documentation
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method wherein the path parameter information is obtained by at least one estima-
`tion technique of the group consisting of a maximum-likelihood estimation algorithm, periodogram, correlatorgram, spec-
`tral-based methods, Bartlett beamformers, Capon beamformers, subspace-based techniques, MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal
`Classification), ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques), approximation of the max-
`imum-likelihood method based on iterative schemes, SAGE (Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-maximization),
`RiMAX (Richter's Maximum Likelihood method), maximum-a-posteriori based methods, Evidence Framework, Bayesian
`techniques, tracking algorithms, Kalman filtering techniques, enhanced Kalman filtering techniques, particle filtering tech-
`niques, and least-square-error methods.
`
`For example, on information and belief, the Accused Instrumentalities perform one or more forms of maximum-likelihood
`methods based upon iterative schemes:
`
`(3GPP TR 36.866 v12.0.1, § 7.3)
`
`Page 17 of 68
`
`
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00018
`
`

`

`Claim 6
`
`Claim 6
`
`Public Documentation
`
`[6] The method of claim 1, further comprising
`equalizing the predistorted second signal at the re-
`ceiver.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method comprising equalizing the predistorted second signal at the receiver.
`
`For example, the receiver in the Accused Instrumentalities use a frequency domain channel equalizer to process the pre-
`distorted second signal, as shown for example as the “equalization” blocks in the following reference receiver:
`
`
`(https://www.mathworks.com/help/5g/ug/evm-measurement-of-5g-nr-downlink-waveforms.html)
`
`
`
`Claim 7
`
`Claim 7
`
`Public Documentation
`
`[7] The method of claim 6, wherein equalizing the
`predistorted second signal is performed using a
`joint processing technique in a coordinated multi-
`ple-point (CoMP) system.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities perform a method wherein equalizing the predistorted second signal is performed using a
`joint processing technique in a coordinated multiple-point (CoMP) system.
`
`For example, on information and belief the Accused Instrumentalities perform joint processing in a CoMP system:
`
`
`Page 18 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00019
`
`

`

`Claim 7
`
`Public Documentation
`
`Claim 8
`
`Claim 8
`
`[8pre] A system for wireless communica-
`tion comprising:
`
`
`
`
`
`(3GPP TR 36.819 v11.2.0, § 5.1)
`
`Public Documentation
`
`To the extent the preamble is found to be limiting, the Accused Instrumentalities comprise a system for wireless communication.
`
`For example, the Accused Instrumentalities comprise a system for beamforming 5G NR transmissions between a base station and
`user equipment (UE) utilizing the multipath transmission environment between the transmitter and receiver. This system is described,
`for example, in 3GPP standards documents such as TR 38.901 V15.0.0, TS 38.300 V2.0.0, and associated documents, which describe
`aspects of the operations associated with components of the Accused Instrumentalities.
`
`
`Page 19 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00020
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 20 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00021
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TS 38.300 v17.2.0, § 4.1)
`
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, § 3.2)
`
`
`
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, § 7.6.2.2)
`
`
`
`
`Page 21 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00022
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, Table 7.8-4)
`
`
`
`[8a] a receiver;
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities comprise a receiver.
`
`For example, the UE (such as a cellular handset) contains a receiver that receives the initial transmission as described above and
`below.
`
`Page 22 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00023
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`[8b] a transmitter; and
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018
`Amitabha Ghosh, Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities comprise a transmitter.
`
`For example, the base station contains a transmitter transmits via a narrow-beam antenna to the UE. This is illustrated in the diagrams
`below as, for example and without limitation, the initial gNB beam (which is one of the plurality of propagation paths).
`
`Page 23 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00024
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018
`Amitabha Ghosh, Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`
`
`[8c] a plurality of propagation paths
`formed between the transmitter and the
`receiver which are capable of carrying a
`signal transmitted by the transmitter to
`the receiver,
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities utilize a plurality of propagation paths formed between the transmitter and the receiver which are
`capable of carrying a signal transmitted by the transmitter to the receiver.
`
`For example, the Accused Instrumentalities perform a method for beamforming 5G NR transmissions between a base station and user
`equipment (UE) utilizing the multipath transmission environment between the transmitter and receiver. This method is described, for
`example, in 3GPP standards documents such as TR 38.901 V15.0.0, TS 38.300 V2.0.0, and associated documents, which describe
`aspects of the operations associated with components of the Accused Instrumentalities.
`
`
`Page 24 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00025
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, § 3.2)
`
`
`
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, § 7.6.2.2)
`
`
`
`
`Page 25 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00026
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, Table 7.8-4)
`
`
`
`[8d] wherein the receiver is configured to
`receive a first signal that is transmitted
`along a first propagation path of the plu-
`rality of propagation paths from the trans-
`mitter,
`
`In the Accused Instrumentalities, the receiver receives a first signal that is transmitted along a first propagation path of the plurality
`of propagation paths from the transmitter.
`
`For example, the UE receives a first signal that is transmitted along a first propagation path of the plurality of propagation paths from
`the transmitter as described above and below.
`
`Page 26 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00027
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018
`Amitabha Ghosh, Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`
`
`[8e] perform a channel estimation based
`on the first signal to obtain path parameter
`information of the first propagation path,
`and
`
`In the Accused Instrumentalities, the receiver performs a channel estimation based on the first signal to obtain path parameter infor-
`mation of the first propagation path.
`
`For example, the UE performs link channel state estimation based on the first signal, which includes information that is required by
`the gNB.
`
`Page 27 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00028
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(3GPP TS 38.200 v2.0.0, § 5.2.5.1)
`
`
`
`[8f] send the channel estimation that in-
`cludes the path parameter information to
`the transmitter via the first propagation
`path, and
`
`In the Accused Instrumentalities, the receiver sends the channel estimation that includes the path parameter information to the trans-
`mitter via the first propagation path.
`
`For example, the UE sends the estimated channel state back to the gNB. In at least TDD mode (as used by 5G NR FR2 with beam-
`forming), the uplink transmission uses the same propagation path (via reciprocity) as the downlink transmission.
`
`(3GPP TS 38.200 v2.0.0, § 5.2.5.1)
`
`
`
`[8g] wherein the transmitter is configured
`to predistort a second signal in a time do-
`main, a frequency domain, and a spatial
`domain according to the channel estima-
`tion that is based on the first signal and
`received from the receiver and
`
`In the Accused Instrumentalities, the transmitter predistorts a second signal in a time domain, a frequency domain, and a spatial
`domain according to the channel estimation that is based on the first signal and received from the receiver.
`
`For example, a 5G NR signal with beamforming is a predistorted signal in time, frequency, and space. For example, applicable time
`and frequency subcarriers are selected based on the returned CSI, and an appropriate spatial beam refinement is selected based on the
`returned CSI.
`
`Page 28 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00029
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018 Amitabha Ghosh,
`Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`
`Page 29 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00030
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`(NR Physical Layer Design: Physical layer structure, numerology and frame structure Workshop on 3GPP submission towards IMT-
`2020, Brussels, Oct. 24-25, 2018, Havish Koorapaty 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 vice-chairman (Ericsson), available at
`https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/5Gtech_4001_3GPP_5GNR_IMT2020_EvaluationWorkshop_Oct2018/RWS-
`180007_3GPP%20NR%20Physical%20Layer%20Structure%20IMT2020.pdf). In this illustration, a resource block is placed in a par-
`ticular subframe (by time) and resource block (by frequency, i.e. subcarriers).
`
`[8h] to transmit the predistorted second
`signal to the receiver via the first propa-
`gation path.
`
`In the Accused Instrumentalities, the transmitter transmits the predistorted second signal to the receiver via the first propagation path.
`
`For example, the gNB transmits the beamformed signal as described in the previous element.
`
`Page 30 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00031
`
`

`

`Claim 8
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`(5G New Radio (NR) : Physical Layer Overview and Performance IEEE Communication Theory Workshop - 2018 Amitabha Ghosh,
`Nokia Fellow and Head, Radio Interface Group Nokia Bell Labs, May 15th, 2018, at 21)
`
`Claim 9
`
`Claim 9
`
`Public Documentation
`
`[9] The system of claim 8, wherein the path pa-
`rameter information of the first propagation path
`includes at least one of an estimation of a delay,
`an estimation of a Doppler frequency, an estima-
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities comprise a system wherein the path parameter information of the first propagation path in-
`cludes at least one of an estimation of a delay, an estimation of a Doppler frequency, an estimation of a direction of arrival,
`an estimation of a direction of departure, and an estimation of a complex amplitude of the first propagation path.
`
`
`Page 31 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00032
`
`

`

`Claim 9
`
`Public Documentation
`
`For example, in the Accused Instrumentalities the path parameter information of the first propagation path includes an esti-
`mation of a complex amplitude of the first propagation path. For example, the UE receives reference signals, such as CSI-
`RS reference symbols, and uses the signal to estimate the channel, and reports the channel state information back to the gNB.
`The propagation path impacts the phase and gain of the signal on each frequency tone which is measured by the UE; the
`phase and gain may be expressed as a complex number representing the complex amplitude.
`
` 3GPP compliant UE must be able to receive reference signals, such as CSI-RS reference symbols, estimate the channel in
`the form of a complex amplitude on the OFDM tones, compute and report the estimated channel state to the gNB.
`
`
` A
`
`tion of a direction of arrival, an estimation of a di-
`rection of departure, and an estimation of a com-
`plex amplitude of the first propagation path.
`
`(3GPP TS 38.200 v2.0.0, § 5.2.5.1)
`
`
`
`
`Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)
`As a DL-only signal, the CSI-RS the UE receives is used to estimate the channel and report channel quality information
`back to the gNB. During MIMO operations, NR uses different antenna approaches based on the carrier frequency. At
`lower frequencies, the system uses a modest number of active antennas for MU-MIMO and adds FDD operations. In this
`case, the UE needs the CSI-RS to calculate the CSI and report it back in the UL direction.
`https://www.techplayon.com/5g-nr-reference-signals-dmrs-ptrssrs-and-csi-rs
`
`
`
`Claim 10
`
`Claim 10
`
`Public Documentation
`
`[10] The system of claim 8, wherein the path pa-
`rameter information of the first propagation path
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities comprise a system wherein the path parameter information of the first propagation path fur-
`ther includes an estimation of a polarization status of the first propagation path.
`
`
`Page 32 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00033
`
`

`

`Claim 10
`
`Public Documentation
`
`further includes an estimation of a polarization sta-
`tus of the first propagation path.
`
`For example, for the channel estimation of the propagation path, the base station transmits reference signals, such as CSI-
`RS reference signals, from both antenna polarizations. The UE measures the channel state information for signals received
`from each antenna polarization and reports the channel state information to the base station, to be used for beamforming via
`distorting the signal at the base station transmitter. The channel state information estimate for the propagation path for each
`antenna polarization is used for beamforming in 3GPP base stations that utilize dual-polarized antennas.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities 3GPP base station antennas comprise multiple dual-polarized antenna elements:
`
`
`Page 33 of 68
`
`
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00034
`
`

`

`Claim 10
`
`Public Documentation
`
`(O-RAN.WG4.CUS.0-v05.00, Technical Specification, O-RAN Fronthaul Working Group, Control, User and Synchroniza-
`tion Plane Specification)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(https://www.ericsson.com/en/reports-and-papers/white-papers/advanced-antenna-systems-for-5g-networks)
`
`Page 34 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00035
`
`

`

`Claim 11
`
`Claim 11
`
`[11] The system of claim 8, wherein the path pa-
`rameter information is obtained by at least one es-
`timation technique of the group consisting of a
`maximum likelihood estimation algorithm, peri-
`odogram, correlatorgram, spectral-based methods,
`Bartlett beamformers, Capon beamformers, sub-
`space-based techniques, MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal
`Classification), ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Pa-
`rameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques), ap-
`proximation of the maximum-likelihood method
`based on iterative schemes, SAGE (Space-Alter-
`nating Generalized Expectation-maximization), Ri-
`MAX (Richter's Maximum Likelihood method),
`maximum-a-posteriori based methods, Evidence
`Framework, Bayesian techniques, tracking algo-
`rithms, Kalman filtering techniques, enhanced Kal-
`man
`filtering
`techniques, particle
`filtering
`techniques, and least-square-error methods.
`
`Public Documentation
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities comprise a system wherein the path parameter information is obtained by at least one esti-
`mation technique of the group consisting of a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm, periodogram, correlatorgram,
`spectral-based methods, Bartlett beamformers, Capon beamformers, subspace-based techniques, MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal
`Classification), ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques), approximation of the max-
`imum-likelihood method based on iterative schemes, SAGE (Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-maximization),
`RiMAX (Richter's Maximum Likelihood method), maximum-a-posteriori based methods, Evidence Framework, Bayesian
`techniques, tracking algorithms, Kalman filtering techniques, enhanced Kalman filtering techniques, particle filtering tech-
`niques, and least-square-error methods.
`
`For example, on information and belief, the Accused Instrumentalities perform one or more forms of maximum-likelihood
`methods based upon iterative schemes:
`
`(3GPP TR 36.866 v12.0.1, § 7.3)
`
`Page 35 of 68
`
`
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00036
`
`

`

`Claim 12
`
`Claim 12
`
`Public Documentation
`
`[12] The system of claim 8, wherein the transmitter
`and the receiver each comprise multiple antennas in
`a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) wire-
`less communication system or a single antenna in a
`single-input and single-output (SISO) wireless
`communication system.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities comprise a system wherein the transmitter and the receiver each comprise multiple antennas
`in a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system or a single antenna in a single-input and
`single-output (SISO) wireless communication system.
`
`For example, the Accused Instrumentalities compress multiple antennas in a MIMO communication system:
`
`
`(3GPP TS 38.300 v15.5.0, § 5.2.1)
`
`
`
`Page 36 of 68
`
`IPR2024-00136
`Petitioners' Ex. 1006
`
`Ex.1006.00037
`
`

`

`Claim 12
`
`Public Documentation
`
`Claim 14
`
`Claim 14
`
`
`(3GPP TS 38.300 v15.5.0, § 5.3.1)
`
`Public Documentation
`
`
`
`[14] The system of claim 8, wherein the receiver is
`further configured to equalize the predistorted sec-
`ond signal.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities comprise a system wherein the receiver is further configured to equalize the predistorted
`second signal.
`
`
`Page