STEDMAN'S
`Medical
`Dictionary
`28th Edition
`
`Illustrated in Color
`
`Mn LIPPINCOTTWILLIAMS &WILKINS
`
`A Wolters Kluwer Company
`Philadelphia « Baltimore + New York + London
`BuenosAires « Hong Kong + Sydney * Tokyo
`
`Masimo Ex. 1020
`IPR Petition - USP 10,076,257
`
`Masimo Ex. 1020
`IPR Petition - USP 10,076,257
`
`

`

`Publisher: Julie K. Stegman
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`Copyright © 2006
`Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
`A Wolters Kluwer Health Company
`351 West CamdenStreet
`Baltimore, Maryland 21201-2436 USA
`www.stedmans.com
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`Copyright © by William Wood and Company: 1911, Ist ed.; 1912, 2nd ed.; 1914, 34 ed.; 1916, 4th ed.; 1918, Sth
`ed.; 1920, 6th ed.; 1922, 7th ed.; 1924, 8th ed.; 1926, 9th ed.; 1928, 10th ed.; 1930, 11th ed.
`
`Copyright © by Williams & Wilkins: 1933, 12th ed; 1935, 13th ed.; 1939, 14th ed.; 1942, 15th ed.; 1946, 16th ed.;
`1949, 17th ed.; 1953, 18th ed.; 1957, 19th ed.; 1961, 20th ed.; 1966, 21st ed.; 1972, 22nd ed.; 1976, 23rd ed.; 1982,
`24th ed.; 1990, 25th ed.; 1995, 26th ed.
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`Copyright © by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2000, 27th ed.
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`The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of productliability, negligence or otherwise) for any injury resulting
`from any material contained herein. This publication contains information relating to general principles ofmedical
`care which should not be construed as specific instructions for individual patients. Manufacturers’ product informa-
`tion and package inserts should be reviewed for current information, including contraindications, dosages and pre-
`cautions.
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`Database design by Lexi-Comp Inc, Hudson, OH
`Printed in the United States of America by Quebecor World
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Stedman, Thomas Lathrop, 1853-1938.
`Stedman's medical dictionary. 28th ed.
`p.;cm.
`Includes bibliographical references and index.
`ISBN 0-7817-3390-1 (alk, paper)
`1. Medicine--Dictionaries._J, Title, IJ. Title; Medical dictionary.
`
`[DNLM:
`1, Medicine--Dictionary--English,
`—W 13 $812m 2006]
`R121.88 2006
`610'.3--dc22
`
`2005021544
`
`05 06 07 08 09
`123Masimo Ex. 1020
`IPR Petition - USP 10,076,257
`
`Masimo Ex. 1020
`IPR Petition - USP 10,076,257
`
`

`

`lead
`1061
`layer
`—_———_—KXJ——————
`
`RauberI. (row’bér), (1) the thinned-out trophoblastic membrane
`over the embryonic disc in developing carnivores and ungulates;
`(2) outermost cell 1. that helps form the blastodisc; called blasto-
`dermic or primordial ectoderm.
`reticular |. of corium, syn siratin reticulare corii.
`|.’s of retina, sreretina.
`|. of rods and cones,the]. ofthe retina next to the pigment 1.
`and containing the visual receptors. SEE ALSO retina, neuroepitheli-
`al 1. of retina. syn bacillary I.
`rostralI., syn rostral Janina.
`Sattler elastic I. (sat’lér), the middle I. of the choroid.
`serousI. of peritoneum,syn serosa ofperitoneum.
`short pitch helicoidal I., *official alternate term for circular1.
`of muscle coat of small intestine.
`1’s of skin, sce epidermis, dermis.
`sluggishl., syn still |.
`smearI., al. (about 0.5-1.0-memthick) of grinding debris that is
`burnished to tooth enamel or dentin when the tooth is cut.
`somatic I., the external |. of the lateral mesoderm of the embryo,
`lying adjacent to the ectoderm and together with it constituting
`the somatopleure.
`spindle-celled I., syn multiform 1. [TA] ofcerebral cortex.
`spinousI., syn stratum spinosumepidermidis.
`lying
`splanchnic lI.,
`the internal 1. of the lateral mesoderm,
`adjacent
`to the endoderm and together with it forming the
`splanchnopleure.
`spongy I. of female urethra [TA], inappropriate reference to
`the lamina propria of the mucous membraneof the female urethra,
`characterized by numerous, thin-walled veins that have in the past
`been falsely compared with erectile tissue. syn tunica spongiosa
`urethrae femininae [TA].
`spongyI. of vagina [TA], inappropriate collective reference to
`the abundant venous plexuses of the vagina, occurring within the
`mucosal and muscular layers (giving the rugae a character similar
`to erectile tissue) as well as in the adventitia (the laterally placed
`vaginal venous plexuses), falsely suggesting a discrete layer of
`erectile tissue. SYN tunica spongiosa vaginae [TA].
`still 1., the 1. of the bloodstream in the capillary vessels, next to
`the wall of the vessel, that flows slowly and transports the white
`blood cells along the 1. wall, whereas in the center the flow is
`rapid and transports the red bloodcells. syn plasmaI., Poiseuille
`space, sluggish 1.
`;
`subendocardialI., the loose connectivetissue |. that joins the
`endocardium and myocardium;
`in the ventricles,
`it contains
`branches of the conducting system ofthe heart.
`subendothelialI., the thin 1. of connective tissue lying between
`the endothelium and internal elastic Jaminain the intima of blood
`vessels.
`the vascular 1. of the corium.
`subpapillary I.,
`official alternate term for subserosa.
`subserousI.,
`superficial |. [TA], in a stratified structure, the outermost or
`topmost of the strata; the stratum nearest the surface. SEE superfi-
`cial 1. of deep cervical fascia, superficial 1. of the levator palpe-
`brae superioris, superficial 1. of temporal fascia.
`syn lamina
`superficialis [TA], superficial lamina.
`superficial |. of deep cervical fascia, *official alternate
`term for investing |. of cervical fascia.
`superficial gray |. [TA] of superior colliculus, see gray L's
`of superior colliculus,
`superficial|. of the levator palpebrae superioris [TA], the
`superficial fibers of the levator muscle of the superior eyelid that
`are inserted into the skin of the superior eyelid. syn lamina super-
`ficialis musculi Jevatoris palpebrae superioris [TA].
`superficial I. of temporal fascia [TA], the superficial part of
`the temporal fascia attachingto the Jateral surface of the zygomat-
`ic arch. syn lamina superficialis fasciae temporalis [TA].
`suprachorold |. of choroid, syn suprachoroid lamina of cho-
`roid.
`suprachorold J. of sclera, syn suprachoroid /aminaofsclera.
`synovialI. of articular capsule, syn synovial membrane. syn
`stratum synoviale capsulae articularis [TA].
`
`CHOrOrd,
`
`|. of tendon sheath, a thin, slightly redundant,
`synovial
`highly vascular connective tissue membrane lining a tendon
`sheath; consists of visceral and parietal components and produces
`a viscouslubricating fluid. syn stratum synoviale (vagina synovi-
`alis) vaginae tendinis [TA], synovial sheath [TA].
`Tomes granular |. (t6mz), a thin 1. of dentin adjacent to the
`cementum, appearing granular in ground sections; the granules
`are transverse sections of highly coiled dentinal tubules.
`vascular I, syn vascular /amina of choroid.
`ae |. of choroid coat of eye, syn vascular lamina of
`vascular |. of eyeball [TA], the vascular, pigmentary, or mid-
`dle coat of the eye, comprising the choroid, ciliary body, andiris.
`SYN tunica vasculosa bulbi [TA], Haller tunica vasculosa, tunica
`vasculosa oculi, uvea, uveal tract, vascular tunic of eye.
`vascularI. of testis [TA], innermost of three coats (with tuni-
`cae vaginalis and albuginea) investing the testis, consisting of a
`vascular plexus in a delicate loose connective tissue matrix that
`covers the internal aspect of the tunica albuginea and extends
`deeply, covering the septa and therefore surrounding the lobules
`of the testis. syn tunica vasculosa testis [TA].
`ventricular I., syn ependymal1.
`visceral |. [TA], the inner 1. of an enveloping sac or bursa that
`lines the outer surface of the enveloped structure, as opposed to
`the parietal layer that lines the walls of the occupied space or
`cavity. The visceral |. is usually thin, delicate, and not apparently
`separate, but instead seemsto be the outer surface of the structure
`itself. SEE ALSO serosa. syN lamina visceralis [TA].
`visceral |. of serous pericardium [TA], the inner part of the
`serous pericardium applied directly on the heart. sYN epicardi-
`um*, lamina visceralis pericardii.
`visceral|. of tunica vaginalis of testis [TA], the inner part
`of the tunica vaginalis testis applied directly to the testis and
`epididymis. syn lamina visceralis tunicae vaginalis testis [TA].
`WaldeyerzonalI., syn dorsolateral fasciculus.
`Weil basalI. (vil’), the 1. beneath the odontoblasts of the tooth;it
`contains reticular fibers but few if any cells. syn cell-free zone,
`Weil basal zone.
`zonular |., (1) a thin J. of white substance covering the upper
`surface of the thalamus and forming part of the floor of the body
`of the lateral ventricle; (2) a 1. of white substance on the surface
`of the superior colliculus. syn stratum zonale [TA].
`
`
`laz-a-ret, laz-a-ret-to (laz’d-ret, -ret’6).. Obsolete termfor: 1.
`A hospital for the treatment of contagious diseases. 2. A place of
`detention for people in quarantine. [It. Jazzaretto, fr. lazzaro, a
`leper]
`Ib Abbreviation for pound.
`LBF Abbreviation for Lactobacillus bulgaricus factor.
`LBT Abbreviation for lupus band test.
`LBW Abbreviation for low birth weight.
`LC Abbreviation for lethal concentration.
`LCA Abbreviation for left coronary artery.
`LCATAbbreviation for lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase.
`LCM Abbreviation for lymphocytic choriomeningitis; left costal
`margin.
`l-cone (k6n). Long-wavelength-sensitive cone (red cone).
`LCU Abbreviation for light-curing unit.
`LD Abbreviation for lethal dose.
`LDH Abbreviation for lactate dehydrogenase.
`LDL Abbreviation for low density lipoprotein, SEE UNDER lipopro-
`tein,
`LE, L.E. Abbreviationforleft eye; /upus erythematosus,
`leaching (léch’ing). 1, Removal ofthe soluble constituents ofa
`substance by running water throughit, 2. Solubilization of metals,
`typically from poorores, using lithotrophic bacteria. [A.S. leccan,
`to wet]
`lead (Pb)(led). Do not confuse this word with the verb led (past
`
`Masimo Ex. 1020
`IPR Petition - USP 10,076,257
`
`Masimo Ex. 1020
`IPR Petition - USP 10,076,257
`
`

`

`lecithinasehece!
`lead
`
`tense of lead). A metallic element, atomic no, 82, atomic wt.
`207.2. syn plumbum.
`I. acetate, has been used as an astringent in diarrhea, and in
`aqueous solution as a wet dressing in certain dermatoses. SYN
`sugar of lead.
`black I., syn graphiic.
`I. carbonate, a heavy white powder insoluble in water, occa-
`sionally,it is used to relieve irritation in dermatitis, but it is used
`largely in the manufacture of paint and in the arts and is thus
`productive of1. poisoning. syn ceruse, white 1.
`I. chromate, syn chrome yellow.
`I. monoxide, has been used as an ingredient in external applica-
`tions such asl. plaster. syn 1. oxide (yellow), litharge, massicot.
`1. oxide (yellow), syn |. monoxide.
`red I., syn |. tetroxide.
`red oxideofI., syn |. tctroxide.
`1. sulfide, PbS; the native form in which 1. is chiefly found. syn
`galena.
`1. tetraethyl, syn tctracthyllead.
`|. tetroxide, a bright orange-red powder that turns black when
`heated; used in ointments and plasters. syn red 1., red oxide of 1.
`whiteI., syn |. carbonate.
`lead (léd). An electrocardiographic cable with connections within
`the electronics of the machine designated for an electrode placed
`at a particular point on the body surface.
`ABCI.’s, the 1.’s for recording one kind of vectorcardiogram
`utilizing the Arrighi triangle; supplanted by XYZ l.’s.
`augmented I., electrocardiogram recorded between one limb
`and two other limbs. The augmented 1.’s are designated aVF,
`aVL, and aVR for recordings made between the foot(left), left
`arm, and right arm, respectively, and the other two limbs.
`bipolarI., a record obtained with two electrodes placed on dif-
`ferent regions of the body, each electrode contributing signifi-
`cantly to the record; e.g., a standard limb 1.
`CBI., a bipolar chest 1. with the negative electrode placed upon
`the subject’s back.
`CF I., a bipolar chest 1. with the negative electrode placed on the
`subject’s left leg.
`chest I.’s, those in which the exploring electrodeis on the chest
`overlying the heart or its vicinity. syn precordial 1.’s, semidirect
`1’s.
`CLI., a bipolar chest 1. with the negative electrode placed on the
`subject’s left arm.
`CRL., a bipolar chest1. with the negative electrode placed on the
`subject’s right arm.
`direct I., in electrocardiography, a unipolar 1. recorded with the
`ane electrode placed directly on the surface of the exposed
`eart.
`esophagealI., an electrocardiographic |. passed downthe throat
`into the esophagus to record the electrocardiogram at various
`levels of the esophagus; especially useful for certain types of
`arrhythmias. Similarly, a transducer for echocardiography can be
`passed into the esophagus.
`indirect 1., syw standard JimbJ.
`intracardiac I., the record obtained when the exploring elec-
`trode is placed within one of the heart’s chambers, usually by
`means of cardiac catheterization,
`limb I., one ofthe three standard J.’s (J.’s I, II, IID) or one of the
`unipolar limb 1.’s (aVR, aVL, aVF).
`precordial J,’s, syn chest |.’s.
`semidirect I.’s, syn chest |.’s.
`standard limbI., one of the three original bipolar limb 1.’s of
`the clinical electrocardiogram, designated J, IJ, and JII: J, J records
`the potential difference between the right and left arms; |, II the
`difference between right arm and the leg electrode; and J, III the
`difference between left arm and the leg electrode, syn indirect ],
`unipolarI.’s, those in which the exploring electrode is on the
`chest in the vicinity of the heart or on one of the limbs, whereas
`the other or indifferent electrode is the central terminal,
`V I, a unipolar 1. with the central
`terminal as the indifferent
`electrode; V is the symbol for unipolar (Latin “U”),
`
`leaf-let (Jéflet). 1. A layer of phospholipid; thus, a lipid bilayer
`has twoleaflets. 2. A thin, flattened object or structure.
`League of Red Cross So-ci-e-ties (lég red kros s6-si’é-
`téz). The international
`federation of national Red Cross and
`similar societies.
`learned help-less-ness(lérnd help’les-nes). A laboratory
`model of depression involving both classical (respondent) and
`instrumental (operant) conditioning techniques; application of un-
`avoidable shock is followed by failure to cope in situations in
`which coping might otherwise be possible.
`learn-ing (lérn’ing). Generic term for the relatively permanent
`change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice. see ALso
`conditioning, forgetting, memory.
`incidental I., 1. without a direct attempt. syn passive 1.
`insight I.,
`the grasp of the solution to a problem without the
`intervening series of the trial and error steps that are associated
`with most types of learning (e.g., a monkey housed behind the
`bars of a cage who, without proceeding through countless hours
`of futile attempts with one stick or the other, fits two sticks
`together to retrieve a banana outside the distance measured by
`either stick alone).
`latent I., that 1. which is not evident to the observerat the timeit
`occurs, but which is inferred from later performance in which 1.is
`morerapid than would be expected withoutthe earlier experience,
`passiveI., syn incidental1.
`propositionalI., comprehension that involves the higher cogni-
`tive functions of abstraction and symbolization. szE ALso abstrac-
`tion (5), symbolization (2); Cf. procedural memory.
`rote |., the 1. of arbitrary relationships, usually by repetition of
`the 1. procedure through memorization and without an understand-
`ing of the relationships.
`state-dependentI., 1. during a specific state of sleep or wake-
`fulness, or during a chemically altered state, where retrieval of
`learned information (e.g., as measured by performance of a
`learned response) cannot be demonstrated unless the subject is
`restored to the state that originally existed during1.
`least squares(lést skwarz). A principle of estimation invented
`by Gauss in which the estimates of a set of parameters in a
`statistical model are the quantities that minimize the sum of
`squared differences between the observed values of the dependent
`variable and the values predicted by the model.
`Le Bel(lé-bel’), Joseph Achille, French chemist, 1847-1930. see
`Le B.-van’t Hoffrule.
`Le-ber(1a’bér), Theodor, German ophthalmologist, 1840-1917.
`sEE L.idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis, hereditary optic atrophy,
`plexus; amaurosis congenita of L.
`Le Cha-te-li-er (é chah-tel-é-a’), Henri, French physical
`chemist, 1850-1936. szE Le C. law, principle.
`lec-i-thal (les‘i-thal), Having a yolk or pertaining to the yolk of
`any egg; used especially as a suffix. [G. lekithos, egg yolk]
`lec-i-thin (les’i-thin), Traditional
`term for 1,2-diacyl-sr-
`glycero-3-phosphocholines or 3-sn-phosphatidylcholines, phos-
`pholipids that on hydrolysis yield two fatty acid molecules and a
`molecule each of glycerophosphoric acid and choline. In some
`varieties of 1,, both fatty acids are saturated, others contain only
`unsaturated acids (e.g., oleic,
`linoleic, or arachidonic acid);
`in
`others again, onefatty acid is saturated, the other unsaturated.L.’s
`are yellowish or brown waxy substances, readily miscible in wa-
`ter, in which they appear under the microscopeasirregular elon-
`gated particles known as “myelin forms,” and are found in ner-
`yous tissue, especially in the myelin sheaths, in egg yolk, and as
`essential constituents of animal and vegetable cells, [G. lekithos,
`egg yolk]
`|. acyltransferase,syn lecithin-cholesterol acyltransterase.
`|.-cholesterol I,, a plasma enzyme that catalyzes the uptake of
`cholesterol esters by intermediate-density lipoproteins formed by
`high density lipoproteins.
`lec-i-thi-nase(les’i-thi-nas), syn phospholipase.
`I. A, SYN phospholipase A>.
`I. B, syn lysophospholipase.
`
`Masimo Ex. 1020
`IPR Petition - USP 10,076,257
`
`Masimo Ex. 1020
`IPR Petition - USP 10,076,257
`
`