`
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`t.L :EV 7 2 5 2 8 613 5 u s j
`PTO/SB/16 (8_00)
`P~se type a plus sign (+) inside this box
`.
`Approved for use through 10f31noQ2. 0MB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademarl< Office: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`I\)
`p~&J'!$rrJNAf:.u~'IJL1/exrn:»rFl:J'R ''fJ'JfttNf"etJ~EJf'S'f.l!'/!rays a valid 0MB cont~ number.
`This is a request for filina a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT under 37 CFR 1.53(c).
`
`0
`-..J -
`~
`o -
`C
`o ,= ;_
`
`V
`Ci,iven Name (first and middle [if any])
`
`Family Name or Surname
`
`Kes1dence
`City and either State or Foreign Country)
`
`Carlos
`
`Joonsuk
`
`Aldana
`Kim
`
`Mountain View CA
`San Jose CA
`
`USA
`USA
`
`INVENTOR(S)
`
`n
`
`D Additional inventors are being named on the __ separately numbered sheets attached hereto
`
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION (280 characters max)
`
`EFFICIENT FEEDBACK FOR CHANNEL INFORMATION IN CLOSED LOOP BEAMFORMING IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
`
`.Direct all correspondence to:
`
`D Custof!)er Number
`
`OR
`
`... I __ s_1_,4_1_2 ___________ ___.I------- Place Customer Number
`
`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`
`Bar Code label here
`
`□ Firm or
`
`Address
`
`Individual Name
`
`Type Customer Number Here
`
`Bruce E. Garlick
`
`P. 0. Box 160727
`
`Address
`
`City
`Country
`
`Austin
`USA
`
`State
`
`Texas
`
`Telephone
`
`(5 12) 264-8816
`
`ZIP
`
`FAX
`
`787 16
`(512) 264-3735
`
`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS (check all that apply)
`p2
`~
`
`I D CD(s), Number
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`
`METHOD OF PAYMENT OF FILING FEES FOR THIS PROVISIONAL APPLICATIONS FOR PATENT
`
`n Yes, the name of the US Government agency and the Government contraci number are:
`Respectfully submitted,
`SIGNATURE /Bruce E. Garlick/
`
`TELEPHONE
`
`TYPED or PRINTED NAME Bruce E. Garlick
`-------------
`-----------------
`(5 12) 264-8816
`USE ONLY FOR FILING A PROVISIONAL APPL/CATION FOR PATENT
`SEND TO Box Provisional Application, Assistant Commissioner for Patents, Washington, DC 20231
`
`Date
`
`I
`j 7/13/2005
`REGISTRATION N9 36,520
`(if appropriate) ~======:
`.... I _B_P_J_K_o1_1_3o_s __ _.
`
`Docket Number:
`
`LJ Specification Number of Pages
`D Drawing(s) Number of Sheets
`D App.lication Data Sheet. See 37 CFR 1. 76
`a Applicant claims small entity status. See 37 CFR 1.27.
`
`D
`
`I
`
`FILING FEE
`AMOUNT($)
`
`200.00
`
`A check or money order is enclosed to cover the filing fees
`The Commissioner is hereby authorized to charge filing
`fees or credit any overpayment to Deposit Account Number:
`LJPayment by credit card. Form PTO-2038 is attached.
`The invention was made by an agency of the United States Government or under a contract with an agency of the
`United States Government.
`[]No
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION
`
`EFFICIENT FEEDBACK FOR CHANNEL INFORMATION IN CLOSED LOOP
`
`BEAMFORMING IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATlON
`
`5
`
`INVENTORS .
`
`• Carlos Aldana
`
`Joonsuk Kim
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to wireless communication systems and more
`
`particularly to wireless communications using beamforming.
`
`15
`
`DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
`
`Communication systems are known
`
`to support wireless and wire
`
`lined
`
`communications between wireless and/or wire lined communication devices. Such
`
`communication systems range from national and/or international cellular telephone
`
`systems to the Internet to point-to-point in-home wireless networks. Each type of
`
`20
`
`communication system is constructed, and hence operates, in accordance with one or
`
`more communication standards. For instance, wireless communication systems may
`
`operate in accordance with one or more standards including, but not limited to, IEEE
`
`802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global
`
`system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), local
`
`25 multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems
`
`(MMDS), and/or variations thereof.
`
`Depending on
`
`the
`
`type of wireless communication system, a wireless
`
`communication device, such as a cellular telephone, two-way radio, personal digital
`
`30
`
`assistant (PDA), personal computer (PC), laptop computer, home entertainment
`
`equipment, et cetera communicates directly or indirectly with other wireless
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`communication devices. For direct communications (also known as point-to-point
`
`communications), the participating wireless communication devices tune their receivers
`
`and transmitters to the same channel or channels (e.g., one of the plurality of radio
`
`frequency (RF) carriers of the wireless communication system) and communicate over
`
`5
`
`that channel(s). For indirect wireless communications, each wireless communication
`
`device communicates directly with an associated base station (e.g., for cellular services)
`
`and/or an associated access point (e.g., for an in-home or in-building wireless network)
`
`via an assigned channel. To complete a communication connection between the wireless
`
`communication devices, the associated base stations and/or associated access points
`
`IO
`
`communicate with each other directly, via a system controller, via the public switch
`
`telephone network, via the Internet, and/or via some other wide area network.
`
`For each wireless communication device
`
`to participate
`
`in wireless
`
`communications, it includes a built-in radio transceiver (i.e., receiver and transmitter) or
`
`15
`
`is coupled to an associated radio transceiver (e.g., a station for in-home and/or in-building
`
`wireless communication networks, RF modem, etc.). As is known, the receiver is
`
`coupled to the antenna and includes a low noise amplifier, one or more intermediate
`
`frequency stages, a filtering stage, and a data recovery stage. The low noise amplifier
`
`receives inbound RF signals via the antenna and amplifies then. The one or more
`
`20
`
`intermediate frequency stages mix the amplified RF signals with one or more local
`
`oscillations to convert the amplified RF signal into baseband signals or intermediate
`
`frequency (IF) signals. The filtering stage filters the baseband signals or the IF signals to
`
`attenuate unwanted out of band signals to produce filtered signals. The data recovery
`
`stage recovers raw data from the filtered signals in accordance with the particular
`
`25 wireless communication standard.
`
`As is also known, the transmitter includes a data modulation stage, one or more
`
`intermediate frequency stages, and a power amplifier. The data modulation stage
`
`converts raw data into baseband signals in accordance with a particular wireless
`
`30
`
`communication standard.
`
`The one or more intermediate frequency stages mix the
`
`2
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`baseband signals with one or more local oscillations to produce RF signals. The power
`
`amplifier ampli'fies the.RF signals prior to transmission via an antenna.
`
`In many systems, the transmitter will include one antenna for transmitting the RF
`
`5
`
`signals, which are received by a single antenna, or multiple antennas, of a receiver.
`
`When the receiver includes two or more antennas, the receiver will select one of them to
`
`receive the incoming RF signals. In this instance, the wireless communication between
`
`the transmitter and receiver is a single-output-single-input (SISO) communication, even
`
`if the receiver includes multiple antennas that are used as diversity antennas (i.e.,
`
`l O
`
`selecting one of them to receive the incoming RF signals). For SISO wireless
`
`communications, a transceiver includes one transmitter and one receiver. Currently, most
`
`wireless local area networks (WLAN) that are IEEE 802.11, 802.11 a, 802, 11 b, or
`
`802. l 1 g employ SISO wireless communications.
`
`15
`
`Other types of wireless communications include single-input-multiple-output
`
`(SIMO), multiple-input-single-output
`
`(MISO), and multiple-input-multiple-output
`
`(MIMO).
`
`In a SIMO wireless communication, a single transmitter processes data into
`
`radio frequency signals that are transmitted to a receiver. The receiver includes two or
`
`more antennas and two or more receiver paths. Each of the antennas receives the RF
`
`20
`
`signals and provides them to a corresponding receiver path (e.g., LNA, down conversion
`
`module, filters, and ADCs). Each of the receiver paths processes the received RF signals
`
`to produce digital signals, which are combined and then processed to recapture the
`
`transmitted data.
`
`25
`
`For a multiple-input-single-output (MISO) wireless communication,
`
`the
`
`transmitter includes two or more transmission paths (e.g., digital to analog converter,
`
`filters, up-conversion module, and a power amplifier) that each converts a corresponding
`
`portion of baseband signals into RF signals, which are transmitted via corresponding
`
`antennas to a receiver. The receiver includes a single receiver path that receives the
`
`30 multiple RF signals from the transmitter. In this instance, the receiver uses beam forming
`
`to combine the multiple RF signals into one signal for processing.
`
`3
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`For a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication, the
`
`transmitter and receiver each include multiple paths.
`
`In such a communication, the
`
`transmitter parallel processes data using a spatial and time encoding function to produce
`
`5
`
`two or more streams of data. The transmitter includes multiple transmission paths to
`
`convert each stream of data into multiple RF signals. The receiver receives the inultiple
`
`RF signals via multiple receiver paths that recapture the streams of data utilizing a spatial
`
`and time decoding function. The recaptured streams of data are combined and
`
`subsequently processed to recover the original data.
`
`To further improve wireless communications, transceivers may incorporate
`
`beamforming.
`
`In general, beamforming is a processing technique to create a focused
`
`antenna beam by shifting a signal in time or in phase to provide gain of the signal in a
`
`desired direction and to attenuate the signal in other directions. Prior art papers ( 1)
`
`I 5 Digital beamforming basics (antennas) by Steyskal, Hans, Journal of Electronic Defense,
`
`7/1/1996; (2) Utilizing Digital Downconverters for Efficient Digital Beamforming, by
`
`Clint Schreiner, Red River Engineering, no publication date; and (3) Interpolation Based
`
`Transmit Beamforming for MIMO-<;)FMD with Partial Feedback, by Jihoon Choi and
`
`Robert W. Heath, University of Texas, Department of Electrical and Computer
`
`20
`
`Engineering, Wireless Networking and Communications Group, September, 13, 2003
`
`discuss beamfonning concepts.
`
`In order for a transmitter to properly implement beamforming (i.e., determine the
`
`beamforming matrix [VJ), it needs to know properties of the channel over which the
`
`25 wireless communication is conveyed. Accordingly, the receiver must provide feedback
`
`information for the transmitter to determine the properties of the channel. One approach
`
`for sending feedback from the receiver to the transmitter is for the receiver to determine
`
`the channel response (H) and to provide it as the feedback information. An issue with
`
`this approach is the size of the feedback packet, which may be so large that, during the
`
`30
`
`time it takes to send it to the transmitter, the response of the channel has changed.
`
`4
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
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`To reduce the size of the feedback, the receiver may decompose the channel using
`
`singular value decomposition (SYD) and send information relating only to a calculated
`
`value of the transmitter's beamfonning matrix (V) as the feedback information. In this
`
`approach, the receiver calculates (V) based on H = UDY*, where H is the channel
`
`5
`
`response, D is a diagonal matrix, and U is a receiver unitary matrix. While this approach
`
`reduces the size of the feedback information, its size is still an issue for a MIMO wireless
`
`communication. For instance, in a 2x2 MIMO wireless communication, the feedback
`needs four elements that are all complex Cartesian coordinate values [V 11 V 12; V2 l
`V22]. In general, Vik = aik + j*bik, where aik and bik are values between [-1, l]. Thus,
`
`10 with 1 bit express per each element for each of the real and imaginary components, aik
`and bik can be either - ½ or ½, which requires 4x2x I = 8 bits per tone. With 4 bit
`expressions per each element of V(f) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
`
`(OFDM) 2 x 2 MlMO wireless communication, the number of bits required is 1728 per
`
`tone (e.g., 4*2*54*4 = 1728, 4 elements per tone, 2 bits for real and imaginary
`
`15
`
`components per tone, 54 data tones per frame, and 4 bits per element), which requires
`
`overhead for a packet exchange that is too large for practical applications.
`
`Therefore, a need exists for a method and apparatus for reducing beamforming
`
`feedback information for wireless communications.
`
`20
`
`BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention is directed to apparatus and methods of operation that are
`
`further described in the following Brief Description of the Drawings, the Detailed
`
`Description of the Invention, and the claims. Other features and advantages of the
`
`25
`
`present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the
`
`invention made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication system in
`
`30
`
`accordance with the present invention;
`
`5
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication device in
`
`accordance with the present invention;
`
`Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of another wireless communication device
`
`5
`
`in accordance with the present invention;
`
`Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of baseband transmit processmg in
`
`accordance with the present invention;
`
`Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of baseband receive processing in
`
`accordance with the present invention; and
`
`Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of a beamforming wireless communication
`
`in accordance with the present invention.
`
`15
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`
`Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a communication system 10 that
`
`includes a plurality of base stations and/or access points 12, 16, a plurality of wireless
`
`communication devices 18-32 and a network hardware component 34. Note that the
`
`20
`
`network hardware 34, which may be a router, switch, bridge, modem, system controller,
`
`et cetera provides a wide area network connection 42 for the communication system 10.
`
`Further note that the wireless communication devices 18-32 may be laptop host
`
`computers 18 and 26, personal digital assistant hosts 20 and 30, personal computer hosts
`
`24 and 32 and/or cellular telephone hosts 22 and 28. The details of the wireless
`
`25
`
`communication devices will be described in greater detail with reference to Figure 2.
`
`Wireless communication devices 22, 23, and 24 are located within an independent
`
`basic service set (IBSS) area and communicate directly (i.e., point to point).
`
`In this
`
`configuration, these devices 22, 23, and 24 may only communicate with each other. To
`
`30
`
`communicate with other wireless communication devices within the system 10 or to
`
`6
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`communicate outside of the system 10, the devices 22, 23, and/or 24 need to affiliate with
`
`one of the base stations or access points 12 or 16.
`
`The base stations or access points 12, 16 are located within basic service set
`
`5
`
`(BSS) areas 11 and 13, respectively, and are operably coupled to the network hardware
`
`34 via local area network connections 36, 38. Such a connection provides the base
`
`station or access point 12 16 with connectivity to other devices within the system 10 and
`
`provides connectivity to other networks via the WAN connection 42. To communicate
`
`with the wireless communication devices within its BSS 11 or 13, each of the base
`
`10
`
`stations or access points 12-16 has an associated antenna or antenna array. For instance,
`
`base station or access point 12 wirelessly communicates with wireless communication
`
`devices 18 and 20 while base station or access point 16 wirelessly communicates with
`
`wireless communication devices 26 - 32. Typically, the wireless communication devices
`
`register with a particular base station or access point 12, 16 to receive services from the
`
`15
`
`communication system 10.
`
`Typically, base stations are used for cellular telephone systems and like-type
`
`systems, while access points are used for in-home or in-building wireless networks (e.g.,
`
`IEEE 802. l l and versions thereof, Bluetooth, and/or any other type of radio frequency
`
`20
`
`based network protocol). Regardless of the particular type of communication system,
`
`each wireless communication device includes a built-in radio and/or is coupled to a radio.
`
`Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a wireless communication
`
`device that includes the host device 18-32 and an associated radio 60. For cellular
`
`25
`
`telephone hosts, the radio 60 is a built-in component. For personal digital assistants
`
`hosts, laptop hosts, and/or personal computer hosts, the radio 60 may be built-in or an
`
`externally coupled component.
`
`As illustrated, the host device 18-32 includes a processing module 50, memory
`
`30
`
`52, a radio interface 54, an input interface 58, and an output inte.rface 56. The processing
`
`module 50 and memory 52 execute the corresponding instructions that are typically done
`
`7
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK07 I 305
`
`by the host device. For example, for a cellular telephone host device, the processing
`
`module 50 performs the corresponding communication functions in accordance with a
`
`· particular cellular telephone standard.
`
`5
`
`The radio interface 54 allows data to be received from and sent to the radio 60.
`
`For data received from the radio 60 (e.g., inbound data), the radio interface 54 provides
`
`the data to the processing module 50 for further processing and/or routing to the output
`
`interface 56. The output interface 56 provides connectivity to an output display device
`
`such as a display, monitor, speakers, et cetera such that the received data may be
`
`10
`
`displayed. The radio interface 54 also provides data from the processing module 50 to
`
`the radio 60. The processing module 50 may receive the outbound data from an input
`
`device such as a keyboard, keypad, microphone, et cetera via the input interface 58 or
`
`generate the data itself. For data received via the input interface 58, the processing
`
`module 50 may perform a corresponding host function on the data and/or route it to the
`
`15
`
`radio 60 via the radio interface 54.
`
`Radio 60 includes a host interface 62, digital receiver processing module 64, an
`
`analog-to-digital converter 66, a high pass and low pass filter module 68, an IF mixing
`
`down conversion stage 70, a receiver filter 71 , a
`
`low noise amplifier 72, a
`
`20
`
`transmitter/receiver switch 73, a local oscillation module 74, memory 75, a digital
`
`transmitter processing module 76, a digital-to-analog converter 78, a filtering/gain
`
`module 80, an IF mixing up conversion stage 82, a power amplifier 84·, a transmitter filter
`
`module 85, a channel bandwidth adjust module 87, and an antenna 86. The antenna 86
`
`may be a single antenna that is shared by the transmit and receive paths as regulated by
`
`25
`
`the Tx/Rx switch 73, or may include separate antennas for the transmit path and receive
`
`path. The antenna implementation will depend on the particular standard to which the
`
`wireless communication device is compliant.
`
`The digital ~eceiver processing module 64 and the digital transmitter processing
`
`30 module 76, in combination with operational instructions stored in memory 75, execute
`
`digital receiver functions and digital transmitter functions, respectively. The digital
`
`8
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`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`receiver functions include, but are not limited to, digital intermediate frequency to
`
`baseband conversion, demodulation, constellation demapping, decoding, . and/or
`
`descrambling. The digital transmitter functions include, but are not limited to,
`
`scrambling, encoding, constellation mapping, modulation, and/or digital baseband to IF
`
`5
`
`conversion. The digital receiver and transmitter processing modules 64 and 76 may be
`
`implemented using a shared processing device, individual processing devices, or a
`
`plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor,
`
`micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field
`
`programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry,
`
`10
`
`analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog
`
`and/or digital) based on operational instructions. The memory 75 may be a single
`
`memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device may be a read(cid:173)
`
`only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static
`
`memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, and/or any device that stores digital
`
`15
`
`information. Note that when the processing module 64 and/or 76 implements one or
`
`more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic
`
`circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions is embedded
`
`with the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or
`
`logic circuitry.
`
`20
`
`In operation, the radio 60 receives outbound data 94 from the host device via the
`
`host interface 62. The host interface 62 routes the outbound data 94 to the digital
`
`transmitter processing module 76, which processes the outbound data 94 in accordance
`
`with a particular wireless communication standard ( e.g., IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, et
`
`25
`
`cetera) to produce outbound baseband signals 96. The outbound baseband signals 96 will
`
`be digital base-band signals (e.g., have a zero IF) or a digital low IF signals, where the
`
`low IF typically will be in the frequency range of one hundred kilohertz to a few
`
`megahertz.
`
`30
`
`The digital-to-analog converter 78 converts the outbound baseband signals 96
`
`from the digital domain to the analog domain. The filtering/gain module 80 filters and/or
`
`9
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BP JK07 I 305
`
`adjusts the gain of the analog signals prior to providing it to the IF mixing stage 82. The
`
`IF mixing stage 82 converts the analog baseband or low IF signals into RF signals based
`
`on a transmitter local oscillation 83 provided by local oscillation module 74. The power
`
`amplifier 84 amplifies the RF signals to produce outbound RF signals 98, which are
`
`5
`
`filtered by the transmitter filter module 85. The antenna 86 transmits the outbound RF
`
`signals 98 to a targeted device such as a base station, an access point and/or · another
`
`wireless communication device.
`
`The radio 60 also receives inbound RF signals 88 via the antenna 86, which were
`
`l O
`
`transmitted by a base station, an access point, or another wireless communication device.
`
`The antenna 86 provides the inbound RF signals 88 to the receiver filter module 71 via
`the Tx/Rx switch 73, where the Rx filter 71 bandpass filters the inbound RF signals 88.
`The Rx filter 71 provides the filtered RF signals to low noise amplifier 72, which
`
`amplifies the signals 88 to produce an amplified inbound RF signals. The low noise
`
`15
`
`amplifier 72 provides the amplified inbound RF signals to the IF mixing module 70,
`
`which directly converts the amplified inbound RF signals into an inbound low IF signals
`
`or baseband signals based on a receiver local oscillation 81 provided by local oscillation
`
`module 74. The down conversion module 70 provides the inbound low IF signals or
`
`baseband signals to the filtering/gain module 68. The high pass and low pass filter
`
`20 module 68 filters, based on settings provided by the channel bandwidth adjust module 87,
`
`the inbound low IF signals or the inbound baseband signals to produce filtered inbound
`
`signals.
`
`The analog-to-digital converter 66 converts the filtered inbound signals from the
`
`25
`
`analog domain to the digital domain to produce inbound baseband signals 90, where the
`
`inbound baseband signals 90 will be digital base-band signals or digital low IF signals,
`
`where the low IF typically will be in the frequency range of one hundred kilohertz to a
`
`few megahertz.. The digital receiver processing module 64, based on settings provided
`
`by the channel bandwidth adjust module 87, decodes, descrambles, demaps, and/or
`
`30
`
`demodulates the inbound baseband signals 90 to recapture inbound data 92 in accordance
`
`with the particular wireless communication standard being implemented by radio 60.
`
`10
`
`
`
`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`The host interface 62 provides the recaptured inbound data 92 to the host device 18-32
`
`via the radio interface 54.
`
`As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, the wireless communication
`
`5
`
`device of figure 2 may be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. For
`
`example, the host device may be implemented on one integrated circuit, the digital
`
`receiver processing module 64, the digital transmitter processing module 76 and memory
`
`75 may be implemented on a second integrated circuit, and the remaining components of
`
`the radio 60, less the antenna 86, may be implemented on a third integrated circuit. As an
`
`10
`
`alternate example, the radio 60 may be implemented on a single integrated circuit. As yet
`
`another example, the processing module 50 of the host device and the digital receiver and
`
`transmitter processing modules 64 and 76 may be a common processing device
`
`implemented on a single integrated circuit. Further, the memory 52 and memory 75 may
`
`be implemented on a single integrated circuit and/or on the same integrated circuit as the
`
`15
`
`common processing modules of processing module 50 and the digital receiver and
`
`transmitter processing module 64 and 76.
`
`Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a wireless communication
`
`device that includes the host device 18-32 and an associated radio 60. For cellular
`
`20
`
`telephone hosts, the radio 60 is a built-in component. · For personal digital assistants
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`hosts, laptop hosts, and/or personal computer hosts, the radio 60 may be built-in or an
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`externally coupled component.
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`As illustrated, the host device 18-32 includes a processing module 50, memory
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`25
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`52, radio interface 54, input interface 58 and output interface 56. The processing module
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`50 and memory 52 execute the corresponding instructions that are typically done by the
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`host device. For example, for a cellular telephone host device, the processing module 50
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`performs the corresponding communication functions in accordance with a particular
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`cellular telephone standard.
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`30
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`11
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`DOCKET NO. BP JK07 I 305
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`The radio interface 54 allows data to be received from and sent to the radio 60.
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`For data received from the radio 60 ( e.g., inbound data), the radio interface 54 provides
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`the data to the processing module 50 for further processing and/or routing to the output
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`interface 56. The output interface 56 provides connectivity to an output display device
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`5
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`such as a display, monitor, speakers, et cetera such that the received data may be
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`displayed. The radio interface 54 also provides data from the processing module 50 to
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`the radio 60. The processing module 50 may receive the outbound data from an input
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`device such as a keyboard, keypad, microphone, et cetera via the input interface 58 or
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`generate the data itself. For data received via the input interface 58, the processing
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`10 module 50 may perform a corresponding host function on the data and/or route it to the
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`radio 60 via the radio interface 54.
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`Radio 60 includes a host interface 62, a baseband processing module 100,
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`memory 65, a plurality of radio frequency (RF) transmitters 106 - 110, a transmit/receive
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`15
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`(T/R) module 114, a plurality of antennas 81 - 85, a plurality of RF receivers 118 - 120, a
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`channel bandwidth adjust module 87, and a local oscillation module 74. The baseband
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`processing module 100, in combination with operational instructions stored in memory
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`65, executes digital receiver functions and digital transmitter functions, respectively. The
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`digital receiver functions include, but are not limited to, digital intermediate frequency to
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`20
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`baseband conversion, demodulation, constellation demapping, decoding, de-interleaving,
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`fast Fourier transform, cyclic prefix removal, space and time decoding, and/or
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`descrambling. The digital transmitter functions include, but are not limited to,
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`scrambling, encoding, interleaving, constellation mapping, modulation, inverse fast
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`Fourier transfonn, cyclic prefix addition, space and time encoding, and digital baseband
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`25
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`to IF conversion. The baseband processing modules 100 may be implemented using one
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`or more processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro(cid:173)
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`controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field
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`programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry,
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`analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog
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`30
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`and/or digital) based on operational instructions. The memory 65 may be a single
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`memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device may be a read-
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`12
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`
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`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
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`only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static
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`memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, and/or any device that stores digital
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`information. Note that when the processing module I 00 implements one or more of its
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`functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the
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`5 memory storing the corresponding operational instructions is embedded with the circuitry
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`comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry.
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`In operation, the radio 60 receives outbound data 94 from the host device via the
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`host interface 62. The baseband processing module 64 receives the outbound data 88
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`IO
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`and, based on a mode selection signal I 02, produces one or more outbound symbol
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`streams 90. The mode selection signal 102 will indicate a particular mode of operation
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`that is compliant with one or more specific modes of the various IEEE 802.11 standards.
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`For example, the mode selection signal I 02 may indicate a frequency band of 2.4 GHz, a
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`channel bandwidth of 20 or 22 MHz and a maximum bit rate of 54 megabits-per-second.
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`15
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`In this general category, the mode selection signal will further indicate a particular rate
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`ranging from 1 megabit-per-second to 54 megabits-per-second. In addition, the mode
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`selection signal will indicate a particular type of modulation, which includes, but is not
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`limited to, Barker Code Modulation, BPSK, QPSK, CCK, 16 QAM and/or 64 QAM. The
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`mode select signal 102 may also include a code rate, a number of coded bits per
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`20
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`subcarrier (NBPSC), coded bits per OFDM symbol (NCBPS), and/or data bits per OFDM
`symbol (NDBPS). The mode selection signal 102 may also indicate a particular
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`channelization for the corresponding mode that provides a channel number and
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`corresponding center frequency. The mode select signal 102 may further indicate a
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`power spectral density mask value and a number of antennas to be initially used for a
`25 MIMO communication.
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`The baseband processing module 100, based on the mode selection signal 102
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`produces one or more outbound symbol streams 104 from the outbound data 94. For
`example, if the mode selection signal 102 indicates that a single transmit antenna is being
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`30
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`utilized for the particular mode that has been selected, the baseband processing module
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`JOO will produce a single outbound symbol stream 104. Alternatively, if the mode select
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`13
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`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
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`signal 102 indicates 2, 3 or 4 antennas, the baseband processing module 100 will produce
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`2, 3 or 4 outbound symbol streams 104 from the outbound data 94.
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`Depending on the number of outbound streams 104 produced by the baseband
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`5 module 10, a corresponding number of the RF transmitters 106 - 110 will be enabled to
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`convert the outbound symbol streams 104 into outbound RF signals 112. In general, each
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`of the RF transmitters 106 - 110 includes a digital filter and upsampling module, a digital
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`to analog conversion module, an analog filter module, a frequency up conversion mod