`US 20080108310Al
`
`c19) United States
`c12) Patent Application Publication
`Tong et al.
`
`c10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0108310 Al
`May 8, 2008
`(43) Pub. Date:
`
`(54) CLOSED LOOP MIMO SYSTEMS AND
`METHODS
`
`(76)
`
`Inventors: Wen Tong, Ottawa (CA); Ming Jia,
`Ottawa (CA); Jianglei Ma, Kanata (CA);
`Peiying Zhu, Kanata (CA); Hua Xu,
`Nepean (CA); Dong-Sheng Yu, Ottawa
`(CA); Hang Zhang, Nepean (CA);
`Mo-Han Fong, L'Original (CA)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/581,356, filed on Jun.
`22, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/582,298,
`filed on Jun. 24, 2004. Provisional application No.
`60/601,178, filed onAug. 13, 2004. Provisional appli(cid:173)
`cation No. 60/614,621, filed on Sep. 30, 2004. Provi(cid:173)
`sional application No. 60/619,461, filed on Oct. 15,
`2004. Provisional application No. 60/642,697, filed on
`Jan. 10, 2005.
`
`Correspondence Address:
`SMART & BIGGAR
`P.O. BOX 2999, STATION D
`900-55 METCALFE STREET
`OTTAWA, ON K1P5Y6 (CA)
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`11/630,391
`
`(22)
`
`PCT Filed:
`
`Jun.22,2005
`
`(86)
`
`PCT No.:
`
`PCT /CA05/00958
`
`§ 371(c)(l),
`(2), ( 4) Date:
`
`Dec. 22, 2006
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04B 1100
`(2006.01)
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`................................................................ 455/69
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Systems and methods for closed loop MIMO (multiple input
`and multiple output) wireless communication are provided.
`Various transmit formats including spatial multiplexing and
`STTD are defined in which vector or matrix weighting is
`employed using information fed back from receivers. The
`feedback information may include channel matrix or SYD(cid:173)
`based feedback.
`
`Per
`Stream
`AMC
`200
`
`Beam
`Former
`vr
`202
`
`SVD
`H:,,.UOll
`218
`
`Measure MIMD
`Channel H
`208
`
`Measure MIMD
`Channel H
`210
`
`SVD
`H=UDV
`212
`
`Reconstruct H
`216
`
`MlMO Feeclback
`Channel 1 4 - - 1 - - - - -~
`214
`
`CCI.I Feedback
`Channel
`222
`
`AMC/Elgen
`Assignment
`,220.
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 1 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`16
`~
`
`BSC
`10
`
`FIG.1
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 2 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Network Interface
`(I.E. MSC)
`30
`
`Baseband
`Processor
`22
`
`Transmit Circuitry
`24
`
`Control System
`20
`
`Receive Circuitry
`26
`' - - - - t
`
`FIG. 2
`
`Receive Circuitry
`38
`
`Baseband
`Processor
`34
`
`control System
`32
`
`Transmit Circuitry .__ ____
`36
`
`1 . . . . . . . . . . . _
`
`lnterface Circuitry
`42
`1.------>t
`
`FIG. 3
`
`
`
`,...
`>
`0
`,...
`00 w
`0
`~ ,...
`
`0
`0
`N
`
`d r,;.
`
`""" N
`0 ....
`w
`.....
`r,;. =(cid:173)
`
`('I)
`('I)
`
`00
`0
`0
`N
`5,r:>
`~
`~
`0 =
`....
`(') =
`.....
`
`.... 0 = "'tl = O' -....
`t 'C -....
`
`(') =
`.....
`
`('I) =
`.....
`"'tl =
`.....
`
`FIG. 4
`
`68
`RF
`
`28~
`
`~I/
`
`I---
`
`68
`RF
`
`DUG+□ A .i-+
`
`I
`
`66
`
`Insertion
`
`64
`
`.
`
`H Prefix H /
`
`M-
`
`DUC+D/A
`
`66
`
`Insertion
`
`64
`
`IFFT H Prefix H _ .-~ .. 28
`
`ClPSK/gAM H Bit Interleave
`
`54
`
`Mappmg
`
`56
`
`k--
`
`Interleave
`Symbol
`
`58
`
`.._--.-
`52
`Rate Matching
`
`Encoder
`Channel
`
`5{!
`
`48
`
`Scrambling Hi CRC Adding ~
`
`Schertu,ed H Data
`
`46
`
`T
`44
`Data
`
`62
`IFFT
`
`41
`
`Control ~ {STTD/BLAST) 1-
`Mapping _J
`
`STC Encoder
`
`60
`
`62
`
`rl-
`
`Program
`/Baseband
`
`22
`
`System
`Control
`
`20
`
`
`
`> ....
`~ ....
`CIO --- 0 ....
`
`0
`
`CIO
`0
`
`0
`0
`N
`rJJ
`c
`
`0 ....
`.....
`rJJ =(cid:173)
`
`.i;...
`
`('D
`('D
`
`N
`.i;...
`
`CIO
`0
`0
`N
`~CIO
`~
`~
`
`.... 0 =
`.... 0 = ""O = O" -....
`('D = ..... t "e -....
`
`~ .....
`
`(')
`
`~ .....
`
`(')
`
`~ .....
`""O
`
`100
`~ Oecadm
`STC
`~
`
`1--
`
`L
`90
`FFT
`
`•
`
`D t HD _ · H c H Channel H Rate H Bit
`17 Basllband H CQI H. Channel Va!iation , ...
`,..__'-_-_ -_ -_ -_ -_ ---__.n
`RI" M
`
`t
`36
`----------~
`
`n~
`
`112
`CR
`
`120
`
`-
`
`l
`
`e Scramblmg
`
`111
`
`116
`a a
`
`Program
`
`34
`
`System
`Control
`
`32
`
`Transmit Circuitry
`
`'
`
`De-Interleave I<
`
`102
`symbol
`
`De Mappmg
`
`]H_
`_
`
`.
`
`De-Interleave
`
`106
`
`De-Matcbing
`
`108
`
`Decoder
`
`110
`
`FIG. 5
`
`1
`
`Analysis
`
`J_lli
`
`Correctinn H-
`Freq. Of fsetf
`
`88
`
`Removal I-+
`
`86
`
`) Alignment
`
`84
`
`~'+'
`
`Clock Estimation
`
`Freq. 01fsetf
`
`82
`
`Synch.
`Fini!
`
`80
`
`---.. ~
`
`92
`
`!
`
`.,.
`74
`AGC
`
`A/D+DCC j
`l
`
`72
`
`70
`RF
`
`t4a I .
`
`~
`
`'r40 ...----------------7-6 _________ ___
`
`Estimation ~ Pilat Extract !<If
`Scattsreil · 1
`
`, ,
`
`94
`
`Reconstruction
`
`I
`II 96:
`Channel H Channel
`I Frame H Prefix
`................................................................... -................................................ :
`,L-~-~ ~--;:.--J '--~-_.:
`78
`i
`· Synch.
`i
`l Course
`~
`·-------------.
`.
`.
`··----............ _ .. _ ..................................... •, ---------····-------------·--·--·--------·
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 5 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`100~
`
`V1
`ill.
`
`V2
`
`115
`
`.;.---110
`
`120
`
`122
`
`118
`
`X2
`X1
`User #1
`
`112
`
`114
`
`x,
`User #1
`
`X2
`User #2
`
`FIG. 6
`
`158
`
`160
`
`162
`
`164
`
`130~
`
`140--.
`
`142~:. ,_ .......... --; .,
`
`V2
`Y1
`User #1
`
`X2
`X1
`User #2
`
`FIG. 7
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 6 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`i \
`
`190
`
`FIG. 8
`
`Antenna Grouping in OFDM Symbol·
`-0-STTO
`-
`0-STTO with AG
`
`= 2s 1 ---=--------------
`
`~ 20
`a:
`~
`:, 15
`.Si
`Cl:J B 10
`E!
`0.. J 5
`._
`~ 0 t------.----,-----,--__:.,_ _ _j
`. 0.
`200
`400
`600
`800
`Sub-carrier Index
`
`FIG. 9
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 7 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`2X2 SM
`\ !\
`
`i '
`
`i[g];eceiver-1
`
`178
`
`~ Receiver-2
`
`) ~
`1BO
`2X2 SM
`
`FIG. 10
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 8 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Antenna Grouping
`
`2
`
`[ s,
`A.!=~ st s3
`S.1
`
`0
`
`[s, -s; 0 ~-]
`[ S, -S; 83 -;:]
`-s· 0 -}]
`A,=! ! 0
`:SJ -s.!j
`A3 = ~ 0
`st 84 s·
`Si
`[s, -s2· ss -S;l
`[s, -s; ss -S;l
`[s, -SR· s3 -S:l
`B,= ~ -S; ss -s· B:z= ~1 -ss· s3 -s· B,= ~ s· Sc,
`ss·
`s'J ~-
`-s; S:, -s:
`s6
`S:i s/ ~ s;
`ss·
`
`~
`S4
`
`S2
`
`s2·
`
`2
`
`6
`
`4
`
`I
`
`FIG. II
`
`Streams, k
`
`1
`
`2
`
`Antenna Selection
`CQJCH
`0b110001
`
`0()110000
`
`n C2=cm
`c,~{i]
`['']
`FIG.12
`
`C1 =c :~
`
`C1 =c -~
`
`Power
`Boosting
`
`c=l
`
`c=11✓2
`
`0b110010
`
`c, ={~]
`c, ={~]
`
`S1
`
`s 2
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 9 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`[~ ~s:;
`
`~~ ~ Si"
`
`0
`0
`
`I
`
`'I
`
`~
`
`3
`
`I
`
`4
`
`0 -i]
`0
`S:1
`s4
`[s, -s; Ss -s;l
`s·
`s;
`S7
`Bl:= Si
`SJ -s· s6 -s;
`s·
`s·
`s4
`Ss
`-s; Ss -s;l
`s;
`s·
`[ s,
`Sa
`84 = s_f
`s·
`s·
`s2
`S1
`s3 -s· s6 -s·
`
`SJ
`
`6
`
`5
`
`8
`
`[~ -s; 0
`
`sJ
`s4
`0
`
`A,~ ~
`S2
`
`~-]
`
`-S4
`s_;
`0
`
`0
`0
`3i·
`[s, -s; s, -s;l
`BJ= S3 -s,;
`-:--s;
`s·
`s;
`S2
`s·
`s·
`S4
`[s, ~s; Ss
`s·
`SR
`Bi,= S4
`S3 -s; s6
`s·
`Sz
`S1
`'
`
`s6
`S1
`SH
`
`5
`
`6
`
`-
`
`7
`
`s·i
`s;.
`-SB
`s;
`
`3
`
`3
`
`Antenna Grouping
`
`A,= ~
`S2
`-
`0
`
`0
`
`s,·
`
`0
`
`s,
`0
`'§4
`
`-S4
`0
`s;
`
`[~ ~s; 0
`~-]
`[s, -s; sj -~i
`
`l
`
`.6
`
`s·
`s·
`S1
`82 = Sz
`s
`s;
`s·
`S4
`Sa
`s~ -s; s6 -s;
`[s, -s; Ss -s;l
`B = S3 -s; s6 -s·
`s·
`s·
`s&
`s4
`s·
`s·
`s'J.
`S1
`
`5
`
`3
`
`1
`
`8
`
`6
`
`:l
`
`FIG. 13
`
`
`
`> ....
`~ ....
`QO --- 0 ....
`
`0
`
`QO
`0
`
`0
`0
`N
`rJJ
`c
`
`0 ....
`..... ....
`rJJ =(cid:173)
`
`0
`
`('D
`('D
`
`N
`.i;...
`
`QO
`0
`0
`N
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ ..... .... 0 =
`~ ..... .... 0 = ""O = O" -....
`~ "e -....
`('D = .....
`~ .....
`""O
`
`(')
`
`(')
`
`c=J/✓3
`
`c=-11✓2
`
`c=J
`
`Boosting
`Power
`
`_s2 _
`s,
`0
`0
`
`-
`
`-
`
`C1,=C
`
`_ s2
`0
`81
`
`C5=C
`
`0
`
`Ob110101
`
`Ob110100
`
`FIG.14
`
`S1
`
`C4 =c
`
`-
`
`0
`
`-
`
`-l :J
`cJ~l
`
`0b110011
`
`c.Sl_
`
`S2
`
`C4 =c
`
`s.
`0
`--
`--
`0
`Sz
`
`0
`s.
`0
`0
`--
`0b110010
`
`C3=C
`
`. "~ j
`-01
`Ob11□001
`
`C=c
`
`s,
`
`-
`
`0
`81
`
`-
`
`"-
`s.
`82
`
`-
`
`0
`S1
`
`-
`
`0
`S2
`
`C3=C
`
`_s3
`
`Q
`S1
`
`c2 ==c
`
`c2 =c
`
`-
`
`s,
`--
`0
`0
`.S2
`
`C1=c
`
`-
`
`SI
`--
`
`CQJCH
`
`Antenna Selection
`
`--
`' "~ j
`s,l
`0bl10000
`
`C=c O
`
`0
`S3
`
`-
`
`L..
`
`S2
`
`C1=C
`
`-
`
`S1
`
`-
`
`_s2_
`
`C3=C
`
`0
`0
`SL
`
`3
`
`2
`
`1
`
`Streams, k
`
`
`
`0
`0
`N
`rJJ
`c
`
`0 ....
`....
`..... ....
`rJJ =(cid:173)
`
`('D
`('D
`
`N
`.i;...
`
`CIO
`0
`0
`N
`~CIO
`~
`~
`
`~ ..... .... 0 =
`~ ..... .... 0 = ""O = O" -....
`~ "e -....
`('D = .....
`~ .....
`""O
`
`(')
`
`(')
`
`> ....
`~ ....
`CIO --- 0 ....
`
`0
`
`CIO
`0
`
`FIG.15
`
`c= 1/✓2
`
`c=]
`
`Boosting
`Power
`
`Wi={: ~] W2 ={~ :] W,={! ~]
` ={~]
`
`W3
`
`W,={H W,={!]
`00110001
`CQJCH_
`
`0b110000
`
`0b110010
`
`Antenna Selection
`
`2
`
`1
`
`C
`
`Streams, k
`
`Matrix
`
`
`
`> ....
`~ ....
`CIO --- 0 ....
`
`0
`
`CIO
`0
`
`0
`0
`N
`rJJ
`c
`
`0 ....
`....
`('D ....
`rJJ =(cid:173)
`
`N
`
`('D
`
`N
`.i;...
`
`CIO
`0
`0
`N
`~CIO
`~
`~
`
`.... 0 =
`~ ....
`.... 0 = ""O = O" -....
`t "e -....
`
`~ ....
`
`(')
`
`('D = ....
`~ ....
`""O
`
`(')
`
`I 0b11□101Boosling
`( Power
`
`I 0b110100
`
`I 0b110011
`
`CQJCH
`
`Antenna Selection
`
`I c = 11 .fi.
`
`c=)
`
`OJ
`10
`]
`00
`
`0
`
`{o
`
` =
`
`W0
`
`[o o]
`
`OJ
`00
`JO
`
`wj = c
`
`[o ol
`
`00
`01
`10
`
` = c
`
`W4
`
`W,~{!]
`
`[ 1 ol
`
`DJ
`00
`00
`
`w,. = c
`
`-
`
`w,~{i]
`I 0b1l0010
`
`FIG.16 _
`
`! c=l/✓3
`
`I
`
`001
`0 1 O I
`[o o ol
`100
`
`W =c
`
`4
`
`[1 o ol
`
`001
`0 1 0
`000
`
`W, =c
`
`3
`
`[1 o o:]
`
`00)
`0 0 0
`010
`
`W =c
`
`2
`
`1 o ol
`
`000
`0 0 1
`010
`
`[
`
`W'. =c
`
`1
`
`[1 ol
`
`00
`01
`00
`
` == c
`
`w2
`
`w,-{j]
`
`00
`00
`]
`01
`1 0
`
`[
`
`w. = c
`
`w.~{ll
`
`( 0b110001
`
`·
`
`0b1100D0
`
`. Streams, I
`
`k
`
`Matm I
`
`3
`
`2
`
`C
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 13 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`409
`
`Time F>-<'~--<>-<>-<~~ ~~~~.,-.:.~,>--<'>-<'>-<'>-<(~ ~~
`I><;,<>-< ~-1---·~( ~ _A ~~,,___ _..,...._~-':;~~a-{~-__,....__,,..___,_,
`
`400
`
`402
`
`~
`
`~
`
`Pilot for Ant-a
`
`Pilot for Ant-2
`
`406
`
`408
`
`~
`
`~
`
`Puncture Pilot tor Ant-1 ·
`
`Puncture Pilot for Ant-3
`
`FIG. 17
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 14 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Option 1
`
`Time
`
`414
`416
`
`FIG.18
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 15 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Option 2
`
`420 { I><>-<><~><><><..'.>,,,._,('~.~~:..-><~~''---r-',. ~_..,..._, ~'-"' ,r-'--._.:,r '--"',~ ,_,,-....,~
`
`422 { ;r, ►-< ):--... ,,,.--...
`
`Time ·~ ,.-... -
`
`@ Pilot for Ant-a
`0 Pilot for Ant-2
`
`© Pilot tor Ant-1
`
`(llJ) Pilot for Ant-3
`
`FIG. 19
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 16 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Option 1
`
`Frequency
`
`.,.__430
`
`(;]) Pilot for Ant-0 e Pilot for Ant-1 © Pilot for Ant-2
`(([I) Pilot for Ant-3
`G Pilot for Ant-4 CD Pilot for Ant-5 ~ Pilot for Ant-6 e _Pilot for Ant-7
`
`FIG. 20
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 17 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Frequency
`
`oation 2
`
`440
`
`442
`
`t1I]) Pilot for Ant-3
`@ Pilot for Ant-0 (§) Pilot for Ant-1 @ Pilot for Ant-2
`@ Pilot for Ant-4 8 Pilot for Ant-5 @ Pilot for Ant-6 • Pilot for Ant-7
`
`FIG. 21
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 18 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Option 1
`
`Frequency
`
`@ Pilot for Ant-0 ~ Pilat far Ant-1 © Pilot for Ant-2 @ Pilot for Ant-3
`Pilot for Ant-7
`El) Pilot for Ant-4 (8 Pilot for Ant-5 @ Pilot for Ant-6 •
`e Pilot for Ant-8 ~ Pilot for Ant-9 @ Pilot for Ant-10 () Pilot for Ant-11
`
`FIG. 22
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 19 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`OQtion 2
`
`452{1><>~~-<>--<><,~>-<>~~-<>-<>-<,-~
`
`454 { l'>-<>...C.:~>-<>-<;>-<
`
`456 { ~~~~~~
`
`Time ~--<'>-<(><">-<'.">-<'><~rC>-<.><>-<><~><)>-<>-0ne:N'
`
`©
`e
`e Pilot for Ant-8 ~ Pilot far Ant-9 ~ Pilot for Ant-10 0 Pilot tor Ant-11
`
`. 411) Pilot for Ant-3
`
`• Pilot for Ant-7
`
`Pilot for Ant- □ @ Pilot for Ant-1 ® Pilot for Ant-2
`
`Pilot for Ant-4 • Pilot for Ant-5 (@ Pilot for Ant-6
`
`FIG .. 23
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 20 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Non Pre-coded Channel H for:
`
`1. Current H Analysis and Future
`Feedback
`2. other Users (Including Non-MIMD)
`to Assist Channel Interpolation
`
`451
`
`451
`
`Pre-Coded Data
`453
`
`Re-Encode the Non Pre-Coded
`Channel H for:
`
`1. Coherent Demodulation of current User
`
`FIG. 24
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 21 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`(\ \V
`1U
`,
`I
`;
`:
`\
`i
`
`~ ,,
`
`465
`
`\JJ/
`i
`\
`\ !
`,._/
`
`· 462
`
`FIG. 25
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 22 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Frequency
`
`Time
`
`Sub-channel
`for MSSl
`'--500
`
`Sub-channel
`for MSS2
`'-502
`
`O Data carrier for MSS1
`@ Data carrier for MSS2
`5□4._ Pilot Carrier' for MSS1 (Ant 0) 508~
`Pilot carrier for MSS2 (Ant 0)
`~06""e Pilot Carrier tor MSS1 (Ant 1)
`510@ Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant 1)
`
`FIG. 26
`
`
`
`> ....
`~ ....
`~ ....
`
`Q
`
`00
`Q
`
`Q
`Q
`N
`7Jl
`d
`
`0 ....
`~
`N
`.....
`7Jl =(cid:173)
`
`('D
`('D
`
`N
`,i;;..
`
`00
`Q
`Q
`N
`
`~
`
`~ s~>
`~
`0 =
`....
`~ .....
`a' =--....
`.... 0 =
`"C -....
`-6'"
`('D =
`.....
`~ .....
`""d
`
`(')
`
`~ .....
`
`(')
`
`FIG. 27
`
`526~
`Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant 1)
`524~ Pilot carrier ior MSS1 {Ant O) 528--0 Pilot Carrier for MSS2 {Ant 0)
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS1 {Ant l} 530~
`
`© Data carrier 1or MSS2
`
`O Data carrier tor MSSl
`
`} Sub-channel for MSS2
`r--'..._..._..,__,} Sub-channel for MSS 1
`
`522
`\
`
`(
`520
`
`Time
`
`FreQuencv
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 24 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Frequency
`
`Time
`
`Sub-channel
`for MSS1
`
`Sub-channel
`for MSS2
`
`0
`
`(J])
`
`@
`
`©
`
`Data carrier for MSS1
`
`@
`
`Data carrier for MSS2
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS1 (Ant O)
`
`Punctured Pilat Car'rier for
`MSSl (Ant 1)
`
`I
`
`Pilot carrier for MSS1 (Ant 2)
`
`©
`e
`©
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant O)
`
`Punctured Pilot Carrier for
`MSS2 (Ant 1)
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant 2)
`
`FIG. 28
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 25 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Time
`
`@ Data carrier for MSS2
`
`0 Data -carrier for MSS1
`Cii, Pilot Carrier tor MSS1 {Ant O) @ . Pilot carrier for MSS2 (Ant o)
`e Punctured Pilot carrier for
`e Punctured Pilot Carrier for
`MSSl {Ant 1)
`MSS2 (Ant 1)
`e Pilot Carrier tor MSS1 (Ant 2) © Pilot Carrier for MSS2 {Ant 2)
`© Pilot carrier for MSS1 (Ant 3) ~ Pilot carrier for MSS2 (Ant 3)
`
`FIG. 29
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 26 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Frequency
`
`54□{
`542{
`
`Time
`
`}sub-channel for MSSl
`
`}sub-chann~I tor MSS2
`
`0
`544lll)
`
`(
`
`546'@
`
`Data carrier for MSS1
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS1 (Ant O)
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS1 (Ant 1)
`
`®
`545~
`
`547~
`
`Data carrier for MSS2
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant O)
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant 1)
`
`FIG. 30
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 27 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`~--<>-<>-<><>-<>-<(>-<:>< ><>-<:~iii(' }sub-channel for MSS 1
`
`Time
`
`~~:~: }sub-channel for MSS2
`
`O Data carrier for MSS1
`@ Data carrier for MSS2
`550lll, Pilot Carrier for MSS1 (Ant O) 555l9 Pilot Carrier far MSS2 (Ant □)
`551 ~ Pilot Carrier for MSS1 (Ant 1) 556~
`552~ Puncturea Pilot Carrier for
`558~ Punctured Pilot carrier tor
`"<.{,/ MSS1 (Ant 2)
`.
`. ~ MSS2 (Ant 2)
`553~ Punctured Pilot Carrier for
`559~ Punctured Pilot Carrier for
`~ MSS2 IAnt 3}
`~ MSS1 (Ant 3)
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant 1)
`
`FIG. 31
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 28 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`600
`
`602
`
`A
`
`MIMO/STC
`Set Up
`
`Beam-Former
`
`Feedback
`
`Feedback
`
`B
`
`604
`
`C
`
`606
`
`0
`
`602
`
`MIMO/STC
`
`Beam-Former
`
`MIMO/STC
`
`Beam-Former
`
`MIMO/STC
`
`Unitary
`Beam-Former
`Selection
`
`Feedback
`
`Feedback
`
`Feedback
`
`.FIG. 32
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 29 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`use Power to{
`Transmit on Strang
`. Eigen Modes - ~ SVD with
`Beamformer
`Discard weak{ /:t'\
`V
`Eigen Modes ~
`
`FIG. 33
`
`Select Best Group
`Antenna with
`Power Boosting
`
`Turn Off a Group
`Antennas
`
`}
`
`OFDM
`Domain
`
`FIG. 34
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 30 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`I + AS-1
`
`- SVD SB-1
`
`SVD Performance
`
`600
`400
`Sub-Carrier Index
`
`800
`
`1000
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 31 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`VB L1 ♦ SVD L1 •VB L2 xSVD L2
`
`:t:VB L3 •SVD L3 + AS-1
`
`- SVO SB-1
`
`SVO Performance
`m 16-r--------------(cid:173)
`.~ 14-i-----=-~------
`~-ar 12
`:1: ~ 10 ~~~.,_.-~,-½--~~ ----
`:5 ,2:! a-~(cid:173)
`-~ 6 ➔::i:11t11.=---:diPllll!ill
`O!:: > 4 +·--=>ML-
`~ 21 ....
`0 o
`200
`'
`
`800
`
`1000
`
`600
`400
`Sub~Carrier Index
`
`FIG. 36
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 32 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Per
`Stream
`AMC
`200
`
`Beam
`Former
`v·
`202
`
`SVD
`H"'UDl/
`218
`
`Measure MIMD
`Channel H
`208
`
`Measure MIMD
`Channsl H
`210
`
`Reconstruct H
`216
`
`MIMO Feedback
`Channel
`214
`
`i . . _ - 1 . - - - - - - -
`
`CQ.I Feedback
`Channel W - - t
`222
`
`AMC/Elgen
`Assignment
`,220,
`
`FIG. 37
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 33 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`svo
`H-lJOV
`250
`
`Measure MIMO
`Channel H
`246
`
`Differential
`Encoding of H
`248
`
`Per Stream AMC
`&
`Beam Former v r
`240
`
`Reconstruct H
`254
`
`MIMO Feedback
`Channel
`252
`
`FIG. JS
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 34 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`260
`Input-1--e---+-~
`
`270
`
`268
`
`Scalar
`Quantizer
`262
`
`+1 -1
`Quantizer
`266
`
`z-1
`274
`
`Accumulator
`272
`
`Feedback
`Channel
`264
`
`FIG. 39
`
`280
`Input
`
`286
`
`284
`
`Limiter
`(o:.D., -al\)
`
`282
`Offset
`
`Dither Signal
`L~f 8, -D.{8, ... )
`289
`
`287
`
`1----H6
`□--.1
`
`z-1
`
`z-1
`
`FIG. 40
`
`(+1 -1)
`
`1-bit
`Quantizer
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 35 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Per Stream AMC
`&
`Beam Former v T
`314
`
`...
`
`Measure MIM□
`Channel H
`304
`
`Differential
`Encoding of H
`308
`
`I .
`
`Limited
`Capacity
`
`Measure MIMO
`Channel H
`306
`
`Differential
`Encoding of H
`310
`
`FIG. 41
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 36 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`# of Tx
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`
`Feedback Requirement (NxN MIMO)
`Unitary Matrix Direct H Matrix
`12
`8
`18
`24
`32
`40
`60
`50
`72
`84
`98
`112
`144
`128
`
`complexity
`150.00%
`133.33%
`125.00%
`120.00%
`116.67%
`114.29%
`112.50%
`
`FIG~ 42
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 37 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Per
`stream
`AMC
`344
`
`Beam
`Forwer
`V
`320
`
`SVD
`H=IJ0//
`328
`
`Reconstruct
`Beam
`Former
`V=BJB2
`340
`
`Reconstruct
`Parameter
`{0, c}
`338
`
`MIMO
`Feedback
`Channel
`336
`
`Quantize
`Parameter
`{8, c}
`334
`
`Givens
`Transform
`V=B1G2
`330
`
`CUI Feedback
`Channel
`342
`
`AMC/Eigen
`Assignment
`343
`
`FIG. 43
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 38 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`350
`Input x
`
`352
`
`354
`
`,j(,
`
`II * II
`
`II * II
`
`356
`
`s
`
`Shape
`lluantizer
`
`360
`
`Gain
`Quantizer
`
`g
`
`358
`
`FIG. 44
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 39 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Per
`Stream
`AMC
`344
`
`Beam
`Former
`VT
`320
`
`'I
`
`324
`
`construct
`Givens
`B=B162
`328
`
`11 Measure MIMO
`ll
`Channel H
`t'---..=-_ _
`326
`Hypothesis
`Test Set {0, c}
`362
`
`Reconstruct
`Beam
`Former
`V=6762
`340,
`
`Reconstruct
`Parameter
`{0, c}
`338
`
`Set up
`t
`Receiver
`S I
`Search
`e ec
`MIMD
`Feedback Parameter Minimum Criteria
`360
`364
`{0, c}
`Channel
`366
`336
`
`COi Feedback
`Channel
`342
`
`AMC/Eigen
`Assignment
`343
`
`FIG. 45
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 40 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`~
`370
`
`Symtml-0
`
`Symbol-1
`
`svm□ol-2
`
`Vector Index
`0
`1
`2·
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`
`Mn,Bm
`Mn,Bm+1
`Mn,8m+7
`PO, P1, P2, P3, PO, P1, P2, P3
`PO, P3, P2, P1, PO, P3, P2, P1
`PO, PO, P1, P1, P2, P2, P3, P3
`PO, P01 P3, P3, P2, P2, P1, P1
`PO,PO,PO,PO,PO,PO,PO,PO
`PO, P2, PO, P2, PO, P2, PO, P2
`PO,P2,PO,P2,P2,PO,P2,PO
`PO,P2,P2,PO,P2,PO,PO,P2
`
`(
`372
`
`FIG. 46
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 41 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Antenna o
`
`Antenna 1
`
`Syrnbal-0
`
`symbol-1
`
`Symbol-2
`
`•
`
`•Null Pilot
`
`FIG. 47
`
`Pattern a
`
`~382
`
`Pattern 1
`
`SymbOl-0
`
`Symbol-1
`
`Symbol-2
`
`•
`
`~Null Pilot
`
`FIG. 48
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 42 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Space Time Coding Matrix Set
`STC Matrix
`# MIMD Output
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`A
`B
`C
`A A1 A2 A3
`B B1 82 83
`C C1 C2 C3
`A A1 A2 A3
`B 81 82 B3 84 85 B6
`C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 CB
`
`FIG. 49
`
`Space Time Coding Matrix Set
`Unitary
`Two
`Unitary
`Single
`Stream Beam-Forming Stream Beam-Forming
`Inciex
`Vector
`·Vector
`Index
`V1
`Vl
`1
`1
`V2
`V2
`2
`V3
`V3
`3
`V4
`V4
`4
`V5
`V5
`5
`VB
`V6
`6
`V7
`V7
`7
`VB
`VB
`8
`
`2
`
`3
`
`·4
`
`FIG. 50
`
`
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`May 8, 2008
`
`CLOSED LOOP MIMO SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provi(cid:173)
`sional Patent Application No. 60/581,356 filed on Jun. 22,
`2004, U.S. Provisional patent Application No. 60/582,298
`filed on Jun. 24, 2004, U.S. Provisional Patent Application
`No. 60/601,178 filed on Aug. 13, 2004, Provisional Patent
`Application No. 60/514,621 filed on Sep. 30, 2004, Provi(cid:173)
`sional Patent Application No. 60/619,461 filed on Oct. 15,
`2004 and Provisional Patent Application No. 60/642,697 filed
`on Jan. 10, 2005, all of which are hereby incorporated by
`reference in their entirety.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0002] The invention relates to MIMO (multiple input,
`multiple output) systems and methods.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0003]
`In MIMO (multiple input multiple output) OFDM
`( orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) systems, there
`are multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas
`and a plurality of sub-carriers that are available for transmis(cid:173)
`sion between the transmit antennas and the receive antennas
`for either one or multiple users. New advances in MIMO
`OFDM systems are taught in Applicant's co-pending appli(cid:173)
`cation <attorney docket 71493-1320> entitled "Pilot Design
`For OFDM Systems With Four transmit Antennas" filed Mar.
`15, 2005, and in Applicant's co-pending application <attor(cid:173)
`ney docket 71493-1330) entitled "Wireless Communication
`Methods, Systems, And Signal Structures" filed Apr. 4, 2005,
`both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. With
`open loop implementations, the transmitter transmits on the
`multiple transmitter antennas and sub-carriers without the
`benefit of channel information fed back from the receivers.
`
`[ 0004] Efforts have been made to facilitate wireless closed(cid:173)
`loop MIMO communications including broadband closed(cid:173)
`loop MIMO, which might for example be based on OFDM
`modulation schemes, and narrowband closed-loop MIMO.
`Broadband closed-loop MIMO includes many sub-bands.
`Each of these sub-bands requires MTMO channel feedback
`for a closed-loop implementation. As a result the feedback
`resources required for broadband closed-loop MIMO can
`become quite large. Narrowband closed-loop MIMO, by
`comparison, includes one or a few sub-bands and requires a
`relatively smaller amount of feedback resources. Broadband
`and narrowband MIMO, therefore, have different applica(cid:173)
`tions.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0005] According to one broad aspect, the invention pro(cid:173)
`vides a MIMO system comprising: a transmitter having mul(cid:173)
`tiple transmit antennas; at least one receiver, each receiver
`having at least one receive antenna; each receiver being
`adapted to transmit at least one type of feedback information
`selected from a group consisting of: information for use in
`performing beam-forming; antenna selection/grouping infor(cid:173)
`mation.
`
`[0006]
`In some embodiments, a transmission format to
`each receiver is selected from a group of transmission formats
`consisting of: spatial multiplexing; vector weighted spatial
`multiplexing; matrix weighted
`spatial multiplexing;
`
`K-stream spatial multiplexing employing more than K trans(cid:173)
`mit antennas; single stream STTD; single stream STTD with
`proportional weighting and antenna selection; multi-stream
`STTD; multi-stream STUD with layer weighting; multi(cid:173)
`stream STTD with a combination of layer weighting and
`proportional weighting; and hybrid beam-forming and spatial
`multiplexing.
`
`[0007]
`In some embodiments, a defined sub-set of available
`formats is made available for a given receiver, and wherein
`the given receiver feeds back a selection of one of the defined
`sub-set of available formats.
`
`[0008]
`In some embodiments, each receiver performs
`respective channel measurements and feeds back information
`for use in performing beam-forming based on the respective
`channel measurements.
`
`[0009]
`In some embodiments, the information for use in
`performing beam-forming is selected from a group consisting
`of: a) elements of a measured channel matrix; b) elements of
`a Y matrix of a SYD decomposed channel matrix; c) param(cid:173)
`eters of a Givens decomposition of a Y matrix of a SYD
`decomposed channel matrix; d) parameters of a truncated
`Givens decomposition of a Y matrix of a SYD decomposed
`channel matrix, where one or more eigen-vectors are dis(cid:173)
`carded; e) differentially encoded elements of a measured
`channel matrix; f) differentially encoded elements of a Y
`matrix of a SYD decomposed channel matrix; g) differen(cid:173)
`tially encoded parameters of a Givens decomposition or trun(cid:173)
`cated Givens decomposition of a Y matrix of a SYD decom(cid:173)
`posed channel matrix; h) Householder decomposition; i) full
`scalar quantization of any of the information types of a)
`through h); j) partial scalar quantization of any of the infor(cid:173)
`mation types a) through g); k) scalar quantization of any one
`of the information types a) through h) where varying resolu(cid:173)
`tion is used to quantize parameters; 1) vector quantization of
`any of the information types of a) through h); m) a combina(cid:173)
`tion of scalar quantization and differential quantization for
`any of the information types a) through h); n) using a Delta
`Sigma quantizer for any of the information types a) through
`h); o) binary beam-forming weights; p) a differential index
`into a set of vector quantizations; and q) pre-defined code(cid:173)
`book.
`
`[0010]
`In some embodiments beam-forming feedback is
`performed by each receiver as a function of receiver specific
`criteria.
`
`[0011]
`In some embodiments, the receiver specific criteria
`is selected from a group consisting of: Max SNR; b) Max
`Shannon capacity; and c) True receiver operational process.
`
`[0012]
`In some embodiments, antenna selection/grouping
`information is at least one information type selected from a
`group consisting of: a) selection between SM (spatial multi(cid:173)
`plexing) and STTD (space time transmit diversity) transmis(cid:173)
`sion format; b) selection of particular antennas for SM trans(cid:173)
`mission; c) selection and grouping of particular antennas for
`STTD transmission; and d) eigen-mode selection informa(cid:173)
`tion.
`
`[0013]
`In some embodiments, the system further comprises
`the receiver determining the antenna selection/grouping
`information by performing a step selected from a group of
`steps consisting of: performing SYD decomposition and dis(cid:173)
`carding weak eigen-modes; selecting antennas using deter(cid:173)
`minants ofsub-MIMO channel matrices.
`
`
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`May 8, 2008
`
`2
`
`[ 0014]
`In some embodiments, feed back and beam-forming
`and/or antenna selection/grouping is performed for sub-car(cid:173)
`riers of a multi-carrier system to a resolution selected from a
`group consisting of: a) for every sub-carrier individually; b)
`for groups of consecutive sub-carriers; c) for an entire set of
`sub-carriers; d) for sets of groups of sub-carriers.
`
`[0015]
`In some embodiments, transmission matrices and
`feedback are in accordance with one of FIGS. 11 to 14.
`
`[0016]
`In some embodiments, the transmitter transmits
`pilots on each transmit antenna for use in performing channel
`estimation.
`
`[0017]
`In some embodiments, at least some of the pilots are
`punctured pilots.
`
`[0018]
`In some embodiments, at least some of the pilots
`comprise un-coded pilots for use by multiple receivers.
`
`[0032] FIG. 2 is a block diagram representation of a base
`station according to one embodiment of the present invention;
`
`[0033] FIG. 3 is a block diagram representation of a mobile
`terminal according to one embodiment of the present inven(cid:173)
`tion;
`
`[0034] FIG. 4 is a logical breakdown of an OFDM trans(cid:173)
`mitter architecture according to one embodiment of the
`present invention;
`
`[0035] FIG. 5 is a logical breakdown of an OFDM receiver
`architecture according to one embodiment of the present
`invention;
`
`[0036] FIG. 6 is a first example schematic diagram for
`beam-forming spatial multiplexing (SM) transmission using
`matrix or vector weighting according to an embodiment of the
`invention;
`
`[0019]
`In some embodiments, the pilots comprise user spe(cid:173)
`cific pre-coded pilots for use by particular receivers receivers.
`
`[0020]
`In some embodiments, the pilots comprise user spe(cid:173)
`cific pre-coded pilots for use by particular receivers receivers
`and un-coded pilots for use by multiple receivers.
`
`[0037] FIG. 7 is a second example schematic diagram for
`beam-forming SM transmission with matrix weighting
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`[0038] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for use in describing
`antenna/sub-channel selection criteria;
`
`[0021]
`In some embodiments, the pilot patterns are as
`shown in any one of FIGS. 17-23 with generalizations as
`described.
`
`[0039] FIG. 9 is a graphical comparison of fixed D-STTD
`( double-space-time time division) and antenna grouping
`D-STTD;
`
`[0022]
`In some embodiments, the pilot patterns are as
`shown in one of FIGS. 26-31 with generalizations as
`described.
`
`[0040] FIG.10 is a schematic diagram of sub-channel allo(cid:173)
`cation for a 4-antenna transmitter and two 2-antenna receivers
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`[0023]
`In some embodiments, feedback information is
`transmitted using a feedback channel having the structure of
`one of FIGS. 46 to 48 with generalizations as described.
`
`[0041] FIG. 11 is a closed loop STC/MIMO 3-transmit
`antenna grouping arrangement in accordance with an
`embodiment of the invention;
`
`[0024]
`In some embodiments, at least one receiver has a
`plurality ofreceive antennas.
`
`[ 0025]
`In some embodiments, the at least one receiver com(cid:173)
`prises a plurality ofreceivers.
`
`[0026]
`In some embodiments, sub-channels are defined
`using at least one of; AMC sub-channels, where respective
`adaptive modulation and coding is defined for each AMC
`sub-channel; PUSC sub-channels.
`
`[0027]
`In another embodiment, a receiver is provided that is
`adapted to implement receiver functionality as summarized
`above.
`
`[0028]
`In another embodiment, a transmitter is provided
`that is adapted to implement transmitter functionality as sum(cid:173)
`marized above.
`
`[0029] Other aspects and features of the present invention
`will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art
`upon review of the following description of specific embodi(cid:173)
`ments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying
`figures.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0030] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be
`described with reference to the attached drawings in which:
`
`[0042] FIG. 12 is a closed loop STC/MIMO 3-transmit
`antenna selection arrangement in accordance with an
`embodiment of the invention;
`
`[0043] FIG. 13 is a closed loop STC/MIMO 4-transmit
`antenna arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of
`the invention;
`
`[0044] FIG. 14 is a closed loop STC/MIMO 4-transmit
`antenna arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of
`the invention;
`
`[ 0045] FI GS. 15 and 16 show binary unitary beam-forming
`matrices in accordance with embodiments of the invention;
`
`[0046] FIG. 17 is pilot mapping for a pilot allocation for
`4-antenna BS (base station) for the optional FUSC (full uti(cid:173)
`lization sub-channel) and Optional AMC (adaptive modula(cid:173)
`tion and coding) zones in 802.16d in accordance with an
`embodiment of the invention;
`
`[0047] FIGS. 18 and 19 are pilot mappings for a pilot allo(cid:173)
`cation for four transmit antennas in which there is no punc(cid:173)
`turing required in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention;
`
`[0048] FIGS. 20 and 21 are pilot mappings for a pilot allo(cid:173)
`cation for eight transmit antennas in accordance with an
`embodiments of the invention;
`
`[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram representation of a
`cellular communication system according to one embodi(cid:173)
`ment of the present invention;
`
`[0049] FIGS. 22 and 23 are pilot mappings for a pilot allo(cid:173)
`cation for twelve transmit antennas in accordance-with an
`embodiments of the invention;
`
`
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`May 8, 2008
`
`3
`
`[0050] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram showing an example
`of pre-coding ofMIMO pilots in accordance with an embodi(cid:173)
`ment of the invention;
`