(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0206609 A1
`Glew
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Aug. 19, 2010
`
`US 2010O2O6609A1
`
`(54) HIGH PERFORMANCE
`SUPPORTSEPARATORS FOR
`COMMUNICATIONS CABLES PROVIDING
`SHIELDING FOR MINIMIZING ALIEN
`CROSSTALK
`
`(75) Inventor:
`
`shale A. Glew, Charlestown, RI
`
`Correspondence Address:
`GUERRY LEONARD GRUNE
`784 S VILLIER CT.
`VIRGINIA BEACH, VA 23452 (US)
`
`(73) Assignee:
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`Cable Components Group, LLC,
`Pawcatuck, CT (US)
`12/754,737
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Apr. 6, 2010
`O
`O
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation of application No. 1 1/264.607, filed on
`Nov. 1, 2005, now abandoned.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl
`iotB iI/02
`(2006.01)
`HOB I 3/22
`(2006.01)
`HOB I 3/24
`(2006.01)
`(s2 usic... 174/103; 156/47
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`The present invention includes a high performance commu
`nications cable that provides for wireless fidelity applications
`and includes core Support-separators having profiles which
`define a clearance to maintain spacing and/or channel
`between the transmission media and power conductors. The
`core may beformed of a conductive or insulative material that
`have, principally, polymer blends that include olefin and/or
`fluoropolymer and/or chlorofluoropolymer based resins. The
`polymer blends can also be utilized for fabricating shielding
`materials. The core Support-separators have both a central
`region as well as a plurality of shaped sections that extend
`outward from the central region that are either solid or par
`tially solid, foamed or foamed with a solid skin surface.
`
`
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Aug. 19, 2010 Sheet 76 of 78
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`

`US 2010/0206609 A1
`
`Aug. 19, 2010
`
`HIGH PERFORMANCE
`SUPPORTSEPARATORS FOR
`COMMUNICATIONS CABLES PROVIDING
`SHIELDING FOR MINIMIZING ALIEN
`CROSSTALK
`
`CLAIM TO PRIORITY
`0001. This utility application is a continuation of U.S.
`application Ser. No. 1 1/264.607 filed Nov. 1, 2005, now aban
`doned, and Ser. No. 12/011,928 filed Jan. 30, 2008 now
`pending, which both claim priority under all rights to which
`they are entitled under 35 U.S.C. Section 120. The above
`claim to priority is also submitted herewithin on form PTO/
`SB/14 entitled Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76 in the
`section entitled “Domestic Benefit/National Stage Informa
`tion.
`
`FIELD OF INVENTION
`0002 This invention relates to high performance multi
`media communications cables and the accompanying sepa
`rators within those cables utilizing paired or unpaired electri
`cal conductors or optical fibers that also meet the newer
`transmission requirements of three main standards developed
`as IEEE 802.11 (a), (b), and (g) adopted in both in the United
`States under the National Electric Code (NEC) and interna
`tionally through the guidelines established by the Interna
`tional Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Additional stan
`dards have been proposed and are now adopted within IEEE
`802.3(a)(f) for integrating communications cabling and low
`Voltage power source capabilities within the same cable struc
`ture (IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecom
`munications and information exchange between systems—
`Local
`and
`metropolitan
`area
`networks—Specific
`requirements). Allowable Voltages and wattages seem to be
`increasing and will be most likely be greater than the current
`standards Specifically, the invention relates to cables having a
`central core defining individual conductor pair channels that
`are capable of meeting the needs of the recently created
`wireless LAN (local area network) marketplace. Specifically,
`wireless networks for laptop computing and wireless network
`access points (antennae) that transmit and receive wireless
`signals need to comply with IEEE standard 802.11a, 802.11b
`and 802.11g and 802.3(a)(f). Low voltage conductors that are
`included in the central core or within the cable or within the
`cable either for power orasantennae are also capable of being
`used for additional purposes including the need for transmis
`sion of power or frequency other than specifically for wireless
`applications such as powering hubs and routers for a commu
`nications network or providing alternative Voice or data trans
`mission lines or even in lieu of batteries that would be used to
`power cameras or other network remote devices.
`0003. The wireless access points are usually installed in
`building ceilings or wiring closets or behind walls of homes
`and cover a 200-300ft. range for wireless users. Access points
`(or antennae) must be connected to the data network via
`category 5 (as a minimum) communications transmission
`media and must be able to receive power from a power Source
`(normally 110 VAC in the United States). The power from
`these devices is converted from the 110 VAC to 12-24VDC,
`but can be as high as 48 VDC at a maximum of 12 W.
`Currently the conductors being used are 22-24AWG used, but
`
`larger AWG wires are anticipated in order to maintain higher
`wattages associated with increased low Voltages as deter
`mined by the application.
`0004. The communications cables of the present invention
`have interior core Support-separators that define a clearance
`through which conductors or optical fibers may be disposed
`within the separators and how these are capable of supporting
`the use of the low voltage power conductors is a subject of the
`present invention.
`0005. The invention also pertains to the use of conduit
`tubes that could be used in conjunction with or separately
`from the separators with defined clearance channels, spacing
`and channel separation. These conduit tubes may be round,
`square, rectangular, elliptical or in any feasible geometric
`shape that would allow for any communications media con
`ductor to be placed, pulled, or Subsequently blown into proper
`position along the length of these tubes in connection with the
`use of low power conductors.
`0006 Concurrently the invention includes the use of com
`posite electrical insulation exhibiting reduced flame spread
`and reduced Smoke evolution while maintaining favorable
`electrical properties within the conductors and cables. The
`present invention also includes the use of insulated electrical
`conductors and jacketed plenum cable formed from flame
`retardant and Smoke Suppressant composite insulation(s).
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`0007. Many communication systems utilize high perfor
`mance cables normally having four pairs or more that typi
`cally consist of two twisted pairs transmitting data and two
`receiving data as well as the possibility of four or more pairs
`multiplexing in both directions. A twisted pair is a pair of
`conductors twisted about each other. A transmitting twisted
`pair and a receiving twisted pair often form a Subgroup in a
`cable having four twisted pairs. High-speed data communi
`cations media in current usage includes pairs of wire twisted
`together to form a balanced transmission line. Multi-media
`cables may include twisted pairs or optical transmission
`media (fiber optics) or both and also may include coaxial
`conductors.
`0008. In conventional cable, each twisted pair of conduc
`tors for a cable has a specified distance between twists along
`the longitudinal direction. That distance is referred to as the
`pair lay. When adjacent twisted pairs have the same pair lay
`and/or twist direction, they tend to lie within a cable more
`closely spaced than when they have different pair lays and/or
`twist direction. Such close spacing increases the amount of
`undesirable energy transferred between conductors which is
`referred to as cross-talk. Therefore, in many conventional
`cables, each twisted pair within the cable has a unique pair lay
`in order to increase spacing and randomness between pairs
`and thereby reducing the cross-talk between twisted pairs of
`a cable.
`0009. Additionally undesirable energy may be transferred
`between adjacent cables (which is known as alien crosstalk)
`or alien near-end cross talk (anext) or alien far-end cross talk
`(afext).
`0010. The Telecommunications Industry Association and
`Electronics Industry Association (TIA/EIA) have defined
`standards for crosstalk, including TIA/EIA-568 A, B, and C
`
`

`

`US 2010/0206609 A1
`
`Aug. 19, 2010
`
`TABLE 1
`
`INDUSTRY STANDARD CABLE SPECIFICATIONS
`
`ALL, DATAAT
`100 MHz
`
`ANIXTER ANDXTER
`TIA CAT 6 XP6
`XP7
`DRAFT 10 R3.OOXP R3.OOXP
`TLA CAT Se 11 15 O1
`11 OO
`11 OO
`
`including the most recent edition of the specification. The
`International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has also
`defined standards for data communication cable cross-talk,
`including ISO/IEC 11801. One high-performance standard
`for 100 MHz cable is ISO/IEC 11801, Category 5. Addition
`ally, more stringent standards are being implemented for
`higher frequency cables including Category 6, augmented
`Category 6 and Category 7, which includes frequencies of
`200 through 600 MHz, respectively and the most recent pro
`posed industrial standard raising the speeds to 10 Gbit (10
`GBASE-T) over copper with Ethernet or other cable designs.
`Industry standards cable specifications and known commer
`cially available products are listed in Table 1, and an updated
`standard is forthcoming from the EIA committee and should
`be considered as part of this disclosure. IEEE 802.3(a)(f) was
`presented as a topic of discussion in the Nov. 14-19, 2004
`IEEE plenary session and included topics such as Carrier
`Sense MultipleAccess with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
`Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications, Data Ter
`minal Equipment (DTE) and Power via Media Dependent
`Interface (MDI). Changes to MDI most pertinent to this
`invention is that even low power conductors may emit unde
`sirable energy into the twisted pair conductors promoting
`undesirable cross-talk between the power source and the
`communications conductors. As higher power is allowed in
`the MDI and data bit rate increases, the communications
`conductors become even more susceptible to cross-talk and
`data transmission reliability issues.
`0011. Another feature of this invention will be to selec
`tively add semi-conductive and/or conductive materials in
`Small amounts to the separator structure in order to mitigate
`any cross talk between the cable pairs or conductors and the
`other adjacent communications or power conducting cables.
`Additionally, when conductive material is added to the flap
`tops of the separators of the present invention, this would act
`as a shield for the individual pairs of cable (NEXT or FEXT)
`or for alien near end cross talk (ANEXT) or alien far end
`(AFEXT) between cables which minimizes disrupting com
`munication signals from adjacent cables.
`0012. Addition of semi-conductive or conductive materi
`als (metallization and the like) in relatively small concentra
`tions either within the insulation of the separators or on exte
`rior surfaces would also decrease the weight and size of the
`cable, from present shielding Such as aluminized mylar, and
`concurrently decrease the potential fire load due to the
`decrease in flammable materials.
`0013 Cabling exists today that is claimed to operate reli
`ably without cross talk between the power cable and the
`communication cables at 48VDC and up to 12W (0.25A). As
`the IEEE looks forward, the need for higher power is becom
`ing a reality. Cabling that will enable up to 60VDC and 30W,
`within a cable structure comprising fiber optic or twisted pair
`communications, and no crosstalk between the power cable
`and the communications lines and reliable communications
`operation not subject to alien cross talk from other commu
`nications cable, is required. This invention discloses several
`cabling and separator system configurations allowing for
`component constructions that will meet the newly proposed
`IEEE standards. Tables 1 and 20a)-(g) are more specific to the
`requirements in place currently.
`
`100 MHz
`
`13.3 db
`10.3 db
`
`MAXTEST
`FREQUENCY
`ATTENTUATION 22.Odb
`POWER SUM
`32.3 db
`NEXT
`ACR
`POWER SUM
`ACR
`POWER SUM
`ELFEXT
`RETURN LOSS
`
`20.8 db
`
`20.1 db
`
`2SOMHz
`
`2SOMHZ 350 MHz
`
`19.8 db
`42.3 db
`
`24.5 db
`22.5 db
`
`21.7 lb
`34.3 db
`
`19.7 lb
`44.3 db
`
`12.6 db
`
`23.6 db
`
`24.8 db
`
`23.8 db
`
`25.8 lb
`
`20.1 db
`
`21.5 lb
`
`22.5 lb
`
`TABLE 2A
`
`Return Loss Requirements for Category 6 Cable
`Return loss (a) 20° C. +3° C. (68°F. + 5.5° F.),
`worst pair for a length of 100 m (328 ft
`
`Frequency MHz
`
`1 s fs 10
`10 sf s 20
`20 sf s 250
`
`Category 6 dB
`
`20 + 5 log(f)
`25
`25 - 7 log (f2O)
`
`TABLE 2B
`
`Insertion Loss Requirements for Category 6 Cable
`Insertion loss (a) 20° C. +3° C. (68°F. + 5.5° F.),
`worst pair for a length of 100 m (328 ft
`
`Frequency MHz
`
`Category 6 dB
`
`772
`1O.O
`2SO.O
`
`1.8
`6.O
`32.8
`
`TABLE 2C
`
`Near End Crosstalk Requirements For Category 6 Cable
`Horizontal cable NEXT loss (a) 20° C. +3° C. (68° F + 5.5°F),
`Worst pair-to-Dair, for a length of 100 m (328 ft
`
`Frequency MHz
`
`Category 6 dB
`
`O.1SO
`1O.O
`2SO.O
`
`86.7
`59.3
`38.3
`
`TABLE 2D
`
`Power Sum Near End Crosstalk Requirements for Category 6 Cable
`PSNEXT loss (a) 20° C. +3° C. (68° F + 5.5°F),
`for a length of 100 m (328 ft
`
`Frequency MHz
`
`Category 6 dB
`
`O.1SO
`1O.O
`2SO.O
`
`84.7
`57.3
`36.3
`
`

`

`US 2010/0206609 A1
`
`Aug. 19, 2010
`
`TABLE 2E
`
`Equal Level Near End Crosstalk Requirements for Category 6 Cable
`ELNEXT loss (a) 20° C. +3° C. (68° F + 5.5° F.),
`worst pair-to-pair for a length of 100 m (328 ft
`
`Frequency MHz
`
`Category 6 dB
`
`772
`1O.O
`2SO.O
`
`7O.O
`47.8
`19.8
`
`TABLE 2F
`
`Power Sum Equal Level Near End Crosstalk Requirements for
`Category 6 Cable PSELNEXT loss (a) 20° C. +3° C. (68° F +
`5.5 F.), for a length of 100 m (328 ft
`Frequency MHz
`Category 6 dB
`
`772
`1O.O
`2SO.O
`
`67.0
`44.8
`16.8
`
`TABLE 2G
`
`Proposed Requirements for Alien Near-end Cross-talk for
`Category 6 Cable Proposed Requirement for Channel
`Power Sum Alien Near-End Cross-talk
`
`Frequency
`
`PSANEXT 2 60-1Olog(f)
`PSANEXT 2 60-15 log(f)
`
`Category 6 dB
`
`1 s fs 100 MHz
`100 sf s 625 MHz
`
`0014 Crosstalk values and other electrical properties may
`be affected by low voltage conductors (up to 60 VDC) as the
`need to include these power conductors together with the
`communications conductors in the same cable continues to
`increase with time.
`0015 Twist direction may also be varied. Along with vary
`ing pair lays and twist directions, individual Solid metal or
`woven metal air shields can be used to electro-magnetically
`isolate pairs from each other or isolate the pairs from the cable
`jacket or low power conduction.
`0016 Shielded cable exhibits better alien cross-talk isola
`tion but is more time consuming, more costly to manufacture,
`install, and terminate. Individually shielded pairs must gen
`erally be terminated using special tools, devices and tech
`niques adapted for the job, also increasing cost and difficulty.
`0017. One popular cable type meeting the above specifi
`cations is Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable. Because it
`docs not include shielded pairs, UTP is preferred by installers
`and others associated with wiring building premises, as it is
`easily installed and terminated. However, UTP fails to
`achieve Superior cross-talk isolation Such as required by the
`evolving hig