`
`
`F
`
`
`PTTTS
`ELECTRONICS
` TTEErTPTE:
`
`
`PAUL HOROWITZ
`WINFIELD HILL
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 1 of 8
`
`Samsung et al. v. Resonant Sys.
`IPR2023-00993 - Exhibit 1039
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 1 of 8
`
`

`

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`
`Paul Horowitz HARVARD UNIVERSITY
`Winfield H ll
`ROWLANDINSTITUTE FOR SCIENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
`
`
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 2 of 8
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 2 of 8
`
`

`

`Published by the Press Syndicate of the. University of Cambridge
`The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP
`40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
`10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
`
`© Cambridge University Press 1980, 1989
`
`First published 1980
`Second edition 1989
`Reprinted 1990 (twice), 1991, 1993, 1994 (twice), 1995
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Datais available.
`
`A catalogue recordfor this book is available from the British Library.
`ISBN 0-521-37095-7 hardback
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 3 of 8
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 3 of 8
`
`

`

`FET SWITCHES
`3.14 MOSFETlogic and power switches
`153
`RR
`
`should have FETinputtransistors, to keep
`input current near zero) prevents loading
`of the capacitor,so it holds its voltage until
`the FET switch is again closed.
`
`EXERCISE 3.13
`:
`Theinput buffer must supply current to keep the
`capacitor following a varying signal. Calculate
`the buffer’s peak output current whenthe circuit
`is driven by an input sine wave of
`1 volt
`amplitude at 10kHz.
`
`Flying-capacitor voltage converter
`
`Here’s a nice way (Fig. 3.55) to generate a
`needed negative power-supply voltage in a
`circuit that is powered by a single positive
`supply. The pair of FET switches on the
`left connects C1 across the positive supply,
`charging it to Vin, while the switches on
`the right are kept open. Then the input
`switches are opened, and the switches on
`the right are closed, connecting charged
`C across the output,
`transferring some
`of its charge onto C2.
`The switches
`are diabolically arranged so that C, gets
`turned upside down,generating a negative
`output! This particular circuit is available
`as the 7662 voltage converter chip, which
`we'll
`talk about
`in Sections 6.22 and
`14.07. The device labeled “inverter” turns
`a HIGH voltage into a LOW voltage, and
`vice versa. We'll show you how to make
`one in the next section (and we’ll really
`
`get you up tospeed on them in Chapters
`8-11)).
`
`3.14 MOSFETlogic and power switches
`
`Theother kinds of FET switch applications
`are logic and powerswitchingcircuits. The
`distinction is simple:
`In analog signal
`switching you use a FETas a series switch,
`passing or blocking a signal that has some
`range of analog voltage. The analogsignal
`is usually a low-level signal, at insignificant
`powerlevels.
`In logic switching, on the
`other hand, MOSFETswitches open and
`close to generate full swings between the
`powersupply voltages. The “signals” here
`arereally digital, rather than analog—they
`swing between the power supply voltages,
`representing the two states HIGH and
`LOW. In-between voltages are not useful
`or desirable;
`in fact,
`they’re not even
`legal! Finally, “power switching”refers to
`turning on or off the powerto a load such
`as a lamp, relay coil, or motor winding;
`in these applications, both voltages and
`currents tend to be large. We'll take logic
`switchingfirst.
`
`Logic switching
`
`Figure 3.56 shows the simplest kind of
`logic switching with MOSFETs: Both
`circuits use a resistor as load and perform
`the logical function of inversion -a HIGH
`
`+Vin|
`
`a
`
`ay)
`
`Vout
`(= —-V,,)
`
`AF
`
`4C2
`WH Figure 3.55.
`
`inverter.
`
`Flying-capacitor voltage
`
`cy
`
`LU
`
`inverter
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 4 of 8
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 4 of 8
`
`

`

`FEEDBACK AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
`Chapter 4
`240
`————-—-''--ess>—ssssi
`
`EXERCISE 4.12
`Checkthat the gain is as advertised. How does
`the variable offset circuitry work?
`
`4.29 Voltage-controlled oscillator
`
`Figure 4.75 shows a clever circuit, bor-
`rowed from the application notes of
`several manufacturers.
`IC,
`is an inte-
`grator,
`rigged up so that
`the capacitor
`current
`(Vin/200k)
`changes
`sign,
`but
`not magnitude, when Q, conducts.
`IC»
`is connected as a Schmitt
`trigger, with
`thresholds at one-third and two-thirds
`of V,.
`Q1 is an n-channel MOSFET,
`used here as a switch;
`it
`is simpler to
`use than bipolar transistors in this sort
`of application, but an alternative cir-
`cuit using npn transistors is shown in ad-
`dition.
`In either case, the bottom side of
`Ry,
`is pulled to ground when the output
`
`is HIGH and open-circuited whenthe out-
`put is LOW.
`An unusual feature of this circuit is its
`operation from a single positive supply.
`The 3160 (internally compensated version
`of the 3130) has FETsas outputtransis-
`tors, guaranteeing a full swing between Vi.
`and ground at
`the output;
`this ensures
`that the thresholds of the Schmitt don’t
`drift, as they would with an op-amp of
`conventional output-stage design, with its
`ill-defined limits of output swing.
`In this
`case this meansthat the frequency and am-
`plitude of the triangle wave will be sta-
`ble. Note that the frequency depends on
`the ratio Vin/V;;
`this means that if Vj,
`is generated from V, by a resistive di-
`vider (made from some sort of resistive
`transducer,
`say),
`the output
`frequency
`won’t vary with V,, only with changes in
`resistance.
`
`; V,
`
`(+5V to +12V)
`
`wlwn <= #
`xV/
`
`triangle out
`
`v,UUground
`
`square out
`
`f= 150“ Hz
`V,
`
`bipolar substitute V,
`
`for FET Q,
` 2N4124
`
`2N4124
`
`
`
`
`Figure 4.75. Voltage-controlled waveform
`generator.
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 5 of 8
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 5 of 8
`
`

`

`rna
`
`OSCILLATORS
`5.16 Quadrature oscillators
`
`291
`
`There are someother interesting timer
`chips available. The 322 timer from Na-
`tional includes its own internal precision
`voltage
`reference for determining the
`threshold.
`That makes it an excellent
`choice for generating a frequency propor-
`tional to an externally supplied current, as,
`for example, from a photodiode. Another
`class of timers uses a relaxation oscillator
`followed by a digital counter, in order to
`generate long delay times without resort-
`ing to large resistor and capacitor values.
`Examples of this are the 74HC4060, the
`Exar 2243, and the Intersil ICM7242(also
`made by Maxim).
`Thelatter is CMOS,
`runs on a fraction of a milliamp, and gen-
`erates an output pulse every 128 oscillator
`cycles. These timers (and their near rela-
`tives) are great for generating delays from
`a few seconds to a few minutes.
`
`5.15 Voltage-controlled oscillators
`Other IC oscillators are available as Wol-
`tage-controlled oscillators (VCO’s), with
`the output rate variable over some range
`according to an input control voltage.
`Some of these have frequency ranges ex-
`ceeding 1000:1. Examples are the original
`NE566 andlater designs like the LM331,
`8038, 2206, and 74LS624-9series.
`The 74LS624 series, for example, gen-
`erates digital-logic-level outputs up to 20
`MHz and uses external RCs to set the
`nominal frequency. Faster VCOslike the
`1648 can produce outputs to 200MHz,
`and in Chapter 13 we'll see how to make
`VCOsthat operate in the gigahertz range.
`The LM331 is actually an example of a
`voltage-to-frequency (V/F) converter, de-
`signed for good linearity (see Sections 9.20
`and 9.27). Where linearity is important,
`recent V/F converters like the AD650
`really do the job, with linearity of 0.005%.
`Most VCOs use internal current sources
`to generate triangle-wave outputs, and the
`8038 and 2206 even includea set of “soft”
`clamps to convert the triangle wave to a
`
`not-too-great sine wave. VCO chips some-
`times have an awkward reference for the
`control voltage (e.g., the positive supply)
`and complicated symmetrizing schemes
`for sine-wave output.
`It is our opinion
`that the ideal VCO has yet to be devel-
`oped. Many of these chips can be used
`with an external quartz crystal, as we will
`discuss shortly, for much higher accuracy
`and stability; in such cases the crystal sim-
`ply replaces the capacitor.
`Figure 5.37
`shows a VCO circuit with an output fre-
`quency range of 10Hz to 10kHz built with
`the LM331.
`When shopping for VCO chips, don’t
`overlook the ICs known as phase-locked
`loops (PLL), which contain both a VCO
`and a phase detector. An example is the
`popular CMOS4046(andits faster cousin,
`the 74HC4046). We will discuss PLLs in
`Sections 9.27-9.31. Table 5.4 lists most of
`the available VCOs.
`
`5.16 Quadrature oscillators
`There are times when you need an oscil-
`lator that generates a simultaneous pair
`of equal-amplitude sine waves, 90° out of
`phase. You can think of the pair as sine
`and cosine. This is referred to as a quadra-
`ture pair (the signals are “in quadrature”).
`One importantapplicationis in radio com-
`munications circuits (quadrature mixers,
`single-sideband generation). Furthermore,
`as we'll explain below, a quadrature pair
`is all you need to generate any arbitrary
`phase.
`The first idea you might invent is to
`apply a sine-wave signal to an integrator
`(or differentiator), thus generating a 90°-
`shifted cosine wave. The phase shift is
`right, but the amplitude is wrong (figure
`out why). Here are some methods that do
`work:
`
`C0 Switched-capacitor resonator
`Figure 5.38 shows how to use an MF5
`switched-capacitorfilter IC as a self-excited
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 6 of 8
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 6 of 8
`
`

`

`ACTIVE FILTERS AND OSCILLATORS
`Chapter 5
`292
`
`
`+5V
`
`LM331
`
`signal
`
`
`
`
`
`Figure 5.37. Typical V/F converter IC (0 to 10kHz VCO).
`
`JUUL
`clock in
`
`MFS
`
`cos(2x71)
`
`
`Fetk
`:
`sin(2x 100 t
`
`Figure 5.38.
`oscillator.
`
`=
`
`Switched-capacitor quadrature
`
`bandpass filter to generate a quadrature
`sine-wave pair. The easiest way to under-
`
`stand it is to assume there is already a
`_sine-wave output present; the comparator
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 7 of 8
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 7 of 8
`
`

`

`OSCILLATORS
`293
`5.16 Quadratureoscillators
`O_o
`
`£
`
`I T
`
`ABLE 5.4. SELECTED VCOs
`
`Linearity
`(at 10kHz)
`0.01% .
`0.002%
`0.005%
`
`Comments
`indus. st’d; goodlinearity
`excellentlinearity
`fast, exclin, int Vreg
`
`Supply voltage
`-—eeao
`Max
`min
`max
`freq
`(V)
`(V)
`Mfg? Family” (MHz) Outputs®
`Type
`+9
`+18
`BB+
`L
`0.5
`oc
`VFC32
`+13
`+20
`BB
`VFC62C
`L
`1
`oc
`+8
`+18
`VFC110B BB
`L
`4
`oc
`4.75
`5.25
`748124
`Tl
`T
`60
`SQ
`4.75
`5.25
`74LS624-9 TI
`T
`20
`SQ
`4.75
`5.25
`74LS724
`TI
`T
`16
`SQ
`5
`26
`215
`XR
`L
`35
`SQ
`4
`40
`LM331
`NS
`L
`0.1
`oc
`4.5
`36
`AD537
`AD
`L
`0.1
`oc
`10
`| 24
`566
`SN
`L
`1
`$Q,T
`+9
`+18
`AD650
`AD
`L
`1
`oc
`4.5
`36
`AD654
`AD
`L
`0.5
`oc
`-5.2
`1648
`MO
`E
`200
`P
`-5.2
`1658
`MO
`E
`130
`P
`26
`10
`XR2206
`XR
`L
`0.5
`SQ,T,SW
`26
`8
`XR2207.
`XR
`L
`0.5
`$Q,T
`+13
`+4
`XR2209
`XR
`L
`1
`$Q,T
`20
`45
`XR2212
`XR
`L
`0.3
`SQ
`15
`4.5
`XR2213.
`XR
`L
`0.3
`SQ
`5.25
`4.75
`4024
`MO
`T
`25
`sa
`15
`3
`4046
`RC+
`C
`1
`sQ
`6
`3
`HC4046
`=RC+
`C
`15!
`SQ
`0.013%
`22
`8
`4151
`RA
`&
`0.1
`oc
`0.007%
`18
`7
`4152
`RA
`L
`0.1
`oc
`excellent lin, easy to use
`0.002%
`+18
`+12
`4153A
`RA
`L
`0.5
`Oc
`Exar 8038 to 1MHz
`0.2%
`30
`10
`8038
`IL
`L
`0.1
`SQ,T,SW
`VIF, linear, stable
`0.01%
`+7.5
`+4
`Tsc9401
`TP
`L
`0.1
`oc
`(2) see footnotes to Table 4.1. ©) families: C- CMOS; E-ECL; L—linear; T— TTL.
`(©) outputs: OC —
`(9) at 250kHz.
`open collector, pulses; P — pulses; SQ -— square waves; SW — sine waves; T - triangle.
`
`0.07%
`0.005%
`0.1%4
`
`2%
`1%
`1%
`
`mini-DIP
`PLL
`inexpensive, goodlinearity
`
`excellentlinearity
`inexpensive
`
`0.5%sinedist(trimmed)
`
`PLL
`PLL
`CMOS PLL
`fast 4046
`
`converts this to a small-amplitude (1 diode
`drop) square wave, which is fed back as
`the filter’s input. Thefilter has a narrow
`bandpass (Q = 10), so it converts the in-
`put square wave to a sine-wave output,
`sustaining the oscillation. A square-wave
`clock input (CLK) determines the band-
`pass center frequency, hence the frequency
`of oscillation, in this case fcox/100. The
`circuit is usable over a frequency range
`of a few hertz to about 10kHz and gen-
`erates a quadrature pair of sine waves of
`equal amplitude. Note that this circuit will
`actually have a “staircase” approximation
`to the desired sine-wave output, owing to
`
`the quantized outputsteps of the switched
`filter.
`
`CO Analog trigonometric-function generator
`Analog Devices makes an interesting non-
`linear “function IC” that converts an in-
`put voltage to an output voltage propor-
`tional to sin(AVin), where the gain A is
`fixed at 50° per volt.
`In fact, this chip,
`the AD639, can actually do a lot more: It
`has four inputs, called Xi, X2, Yi, and
`Y2, and generates as output the voltage
`Vout = sin(X1 — X2)/sin(Yi — Y2). Thus,
`for example, by setting X1 = Y%1 = 90°
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 8 of 8
`
`Exhibit 1039 - Page 8 of 8
`
`