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`C
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`C
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`Ya40aty)0
`iAy
`OSBORNE fill
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`—aceAe
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`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page1
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 1
`
`

`

`
`
`•ALL 'NEW-Includes HTML 4.0� DHTML, and.XML
`
`World Wide Web/Programming
`
`Skill Level
`Guide
`
`011:eglnner
`0 Intermediate
`□ Advanced
`0 For Every
`Programmer
`
`Yo
`
`u don't need an armload of books on HTML programming-
`
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`has it all! This one-stop theory/tutorial
`HTML: The Complete Reference
`
`
`
`
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`reference guide features extensive coverage of HTML up through version 4.0.
`
`:SBN □-07-882397-8
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`• ' 90000
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`111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111
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`X002L4U6V7
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`HTML: The Complete Reference
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`Used, Good
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`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 2
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`

`

`Osborne
`/McGraw-Hill
`2600 Tenth Street
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`Osborne/McGraw-Hill
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`HTML: T he Complete Reference
`
`Copyright© 1998 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Printed in the
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`United States of America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no
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`1234567890 AGM AGM 901987654321098
`
`ISBN 0-07-882397-8
`
`Publisher
`
`Brandon A. Nordin
`
`Copy Editor
`
`Kimberly Torgerson
`
`Editor-in-Chief
`Scott Rogers
`
`Acquisitions Editor
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`MeggBonar
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`Project Editor
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`Emily Rader
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`Editorial Assistant
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`Stephane T homas
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`Technical Editor
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`MegaZone
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`Proofreaders
`Linda Medoff
`Paul Medoff
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`Roberta Rieger
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`Indexer
`David Heiret
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`Computer Designer
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`Sue Albert
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`Illustrator
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`Arlette Crosland
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`Information has been obtained by Osborne/McGraw-Hill from sources believed to be reliable. However, because of the
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`possibility of human or mechanical error by our sources, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, or others, Osborne/McGraw-Hill does
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`not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions
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`or the results obtained from use of such information.
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`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 3
`
`

`

`
`
`Contents at a Glance
`
`1
`Introduction to HTML . . . . .
`
`i �Hp
`, •.I�. 1
`2
`HTML and the World Wide Web
`17
`3
`51
`. . . . . . . . .
`Web Publishing
`4
`
`Introduction to Common HTML
`79
`5
`133
`Links and Addressing
`
`6 HTML and Images . . . . . . .
`203
`7
`251
`HTML and Other Media Types
`8
`
`
`Introduction to Layout: Text Alignment,
`291
`
`Tables, and Fonts . . . . . . . . . . .
`341
`
`
`Advanced Layout: Frames and Layers
`Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`375
`441
`
`Basic Interactivity and HTML: Forms
`485
`
`
`Introduction to Programmed Web Pages
`
`
`Client-Side Scripting and HTML
`527
`
`
`Client-Side Programming and HTML
`571
`
`
`
`Putting It All Together: Delivering the Web Site
`607
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 4
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`

`

`I
`
`16 XML: Beyond HTML
`
`17 Future Directions
`
`A HTML Element Reference
`B Style Sheet Reference
`
`C Special Characters
`
`D Fonts .......... .
`
`E Color Names and Hexadecimal Codes
`
`
`F Reading a Document Type Definition
`
`Index
`
`637
`661
`
`675
`
`893
`
`947
`981
`987
`995
`
`1049
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 5
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`

`

`Contents
`
`Acknowled
`gm ents
`
`Preface ...... .
`
`. XXV
`
`xxvii
`
`
`Introduction to HTML
`1
`1
`2
`Basic HTML Concepts
`Overview
`of HTML . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8
`11
`
`
`Logical and Physical Elements
`13
`What HTML Is Not
`
`14
`
`Summary ................ .
`
`HTML and the World Wide Web
`2
`17
`
`HTML Is a Tool for Disseminating Information
`18
`
`Types of Networks and How T hey Operate . . . . . . .
`18
`
`Circuit Switching
`22
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Packet Switching
`23
`24
`TCP/IP .....
`. . . . .
`25
`What Is the Internet?
`
`Basic Uses of the Internet ...
`25
`26
`
`
`
`
`Information Search and Retrieval on the Internet . . . . . . .
`
`IPR2023-00939
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`27
`First Generation: FTP
`
`
`29
`
`Second Generation: Gopher
`29
`
`Third Generation: Web
`33
`What Is the World Wide Web?
`34
`
`Accessing the Web . . . .
`39
`
`Overview of Web Use . .
`43
`HTML' s Role in the Web . . . . .
`43
`Roots of HTML . . . . . . .
`Historical
`44
`
`
`Mosaic: The Web Community Changes
`. . . . . . . . . . .
`The Rise of Netscape
`45
`46
`The Market Matures: Microsoft Enters
`47
`From Pages to Programs
`47
`
`
`Issues Facing HTML and the Web
`
`Summary ............. .
`48
`
`3
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . .
`Web Publishing
`51
`The Goals of Web Design . . . . .
`52
`
`The Process of Web Publishing
`55
`
`Determining Purpose
`56
`57
`Who Is the Audience?
`Who Will Pay for It? .
`57
`59
`Defining Goals . . . . . . . . .
`
`Setting the Scope . . . . . . .
`60
`
`
`Organization of Information .
`61
`
`Determining the Final Plan . .
`. .....
`. . . . . . .
`Implementation
`
`Creating the Content
`
`Visual Design
`
`Technology Design
`HTML ..... .
`Testing ............ .
`
`
`Maintenance . . . . . . . . .
`
`The Phases of Web Site Development
`
`Summary ............... .
`
`68
`69
`69
`70
`71
`74
`76
`77
`77
`
`68
`
`4 Introduction to Common HTML
`
`HTML Overview . . . . . . . . . .
`HTMLRules ......... .
`
`The Structure of HTML Documents
`
`Document Types
`The HTML Element .
`The Head Element
`Title Elements
`
`79
`
`80
`81
`85
`
`86
`87
`87
`88
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 7
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`

`

`TheBody ............... .
`
`
`Block-Level Elements
`92
`
`
`Text-Level Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`121
`
`
`Character Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`129
`Summary ......... .
`
`91
`
`132
`
`137
`
`146
`
`155
`
`156
`
`166
`
`166
`
`Links and Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`I s
`133
`
`Linking Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`134
`W hat Are URLs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`137
`Basic Concepts
`
`Formula for a URL
`
`Relative URLs
`
`Linking in HTML . . . . . .
`The Anchor Element
`156
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Link Renderings
`160
`
`Anchor Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`161
`
`Using the NAME Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`162
`
`TITLE Attributes for Anchors . . . . . . . . . .
`165
`Keys . . . . .
`Accelerator
`
`Attribute . . . . . .
`TABINDEX
`
`TARGET Attribute ....... .
`167
`
`Anchors and Link Relationships . . . . .
`168
`
`Scripting and Anchors . . . . . . . . . .
`168
`Images and Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`169
`
`ImageMaps . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .
`.
`171
`172
`
`Server-Side Image Maps
`172
`
`Client-Side Image Maps
`Image Map Attributes
`177
`181
`
`
`Semantic Linking with the <LINK> Element
`
`Link Relationships in Detail . . . . . .
`
`WebTV Support for <LINK> . . . . . . .
`186
`<LINK> and Style Sheets . . . . . . . . .
`187
`
`Meta-Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`188
`. . . . . . .
`189
`
`<META> and the NAME Attribute . . . . .
`. . . . .
`META and HTTP-EQUIV
`190
`. . . . .
`Client-Pull
`Site Filtering
`
`Linking Issues
`Beyond Location
`
`Problems with URLs
`URNs, URCs, and URis .
`New URL Forms .
`
`Summary ............. .
`
`201
`202
`
`182
`
`191
`
`191
`
`195
`
`198
`
`198
`
`199
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 8
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`

`

`6 HTML and Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
`
`The Role oflmages on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`204
`
`Image Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`205
`GIF Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`208
`JPEG Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`212
`PNG Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`214
`
`Other Useful Image Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`215
`
`Image Download Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`215
`
`Obtaining Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`216
`HTML Image Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`218
`
`
`ALT Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Image Alignment
`. 223
`HSPACE and VSPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`227
`
`Extensions to <BR> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`228
`HEIGHT and W IDTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`228
`LOWSRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`232
`Images as Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`233
`
`Image Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·. . . . 235
`
`Server-Side Image Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`236
`
`
`236 Client-Side Image Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Full Syntax of Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`237
`
`
`Dynamic Data Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`240
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`WebTV Specifics
`240
`
`
`
`Scripting and Style Considerations for Images . . . . . . 241
`
`
`Image and Color Attributes for <BODY> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
`
`Color-Based <BODY>Attributes: BGCOLOR,
`
`TEXT, and the LINK Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
`
`
`
`Creating Background Effects with Image Files . . . . . . 245
`
`BGPROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`248
`
`
`
`Setting Margins in the <BODY> Element . . . . . . . . . 248
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
`WebTV <BODY> Settings
`Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`250
`
`7 HTML and Other Media Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
`
`252
`
`HTML and Binary Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`
`Plug-ins and <EMBED> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
`254
`
`Controls and <OBJECT> . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`ActiveX
`255
`Java Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`257
`
`
`Object-Like Element: <MARQUEE> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Audio Support in Browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`260
`
`
`Digital Sound Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
`
`. . . . . . . . . 261
`
`Audio File Formats and Compression
`262
`
`and Playing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Downloading
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 9
`
`

`

`r
`
`272
`Video Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`272
`Video Basics . . . . . . . . . .
`Digital
`273
`
`Video File Formats and Compression
`274
`
`Waiting for Video
`285
`Other Video Formats
`286
`
`
`Other Binary Formats .
`286
`Shockwave
`288
`
`Acrobat .... .
`290
`Summary ........ .
`
`8
`
`Introduction to Layout: Text Alignment,
`
`
`
`Tables, and Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . .
`291
`292
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Design Requirements
`293
`
`HTML Approach to Web Design
`293
`
`Alignment Choices
`293
`Text Alignment
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`294
`Word H inting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`295
`
`Alignment with Images . . .
`298
`The < SPACER> Element
`300
`
`The <MULTICOL> Element
`303
`
`Introduction to Tables . . . . . . . . .
`
`Simple Tables . . . . . . . . .
`304
`306
`ROWSPAN and COLSPAN
`306
`
`Tables for Layout
`313
`
`Tables in HTML 4.0
`315
`<TABLE> Syn tax
`
`
`Databinding: Tables Generated
`from a Data Source . . . . . .
`Fonts .............. .
`
`
`Downloadable Fonts
`
`N etscape's Dyn amic Fonts
`
`Microsoft's Dyn amic Fonts
`Document-Wide Fonts
`<FONT> Syn tax . . . . . .
`
`Summary ............... .
`
`327
`331
`334
`335
`335
`336
`336
`338
`
`9
`
`Advanced Layout: Frames and Layers
`
`Frames ................. .
`
`
`Overview of Frames
`
`Simple Frame Example
`Frame Targeting
`
`Floating Frames
`Using Frames
`Frame Problems
`
`341
`342
`343
`343
`346
`355
`359
`359
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 10
`
`

`

`r
`
`Layers
`Layers ...... .
`Positioned
`Inflow .Layers . . . . . . . .
`Layer Syntax . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Interesting Layer Uses
`
`Programming Layers
`Summary ......... .
`
`360
`360
`363
`365
`369
`370
`373
`
`Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`375
`10
`The Rise of Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`376
`377
`Style Sheet Basics ..................... .
`Adding Style to a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`378
`Style Sheet Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`389
`
`Style Sheet Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`389
`
`Font Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`392
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Color and Background Properties
`398
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`403
`Text Properties
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`407
`Box Properties
`
`Classification Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`420
`
`Positioning Under CSSl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`425
`425
`
`
`Positioning and Sizing of Regi<1>ns . . . . . . . . . . . .
`433
`
`
`Microsoft-Specific Style Sheet Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`433
`
`
`Filters . . . . . . . . . . ........ .
`.
`Summary .......................... .
`440
`
`441
`Basic Interactivity and HTML: Forms
`
`11
`442
`How Are Forms Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`443
`Form Preliminaries
`The <FORM> Element
`444
`444
`ACTION Attribute
`445
`METHOD Attribute
`ENCTYPE .....
`447
`Simple Form Syn tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`449
`
`Complete Form Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`449
`
`Form Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . . . .
`451
`452
`
`Text Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Additional <INPUT> Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`466-
`
`New and Emerging Form Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`470
`<BUTTON> Element . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . .
`470
`Labels ........................... .
`471
`
`<FIELDSET> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`472
`
`
`Form Accessibility Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . .
`473
`
`HTML 4.0 Form Attributes . . . . . .
`476
`Miscellaneous
`
`Form Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`476
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 11
`
`

`

`Special Form Considerations for WebTV . .
`
`
`. . . . .
`Forms and Events
`
`Summary ................... .
`
`480
`
`480
`
`483
`
`Introduction to Programmed Web Pages
`
`
`12
`
`Overview of Client/Server
`on the Web . . . . .
`Programming
`. . . . . .
`
`Server-Side Programming
`
`
`Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
`CGIOutput ......... .
`
`
`Passing Information to a CGI Program:
`
`Variables . . . . . . .
`Environment
`493
`
`
`
`Passing Information to a CGI Program: Form Data . .
`499
`
`Writing CGI Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`501
`
`Buying or Borrowing CGI Programs
`502
`
`NSAPI/ISAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`502
`
`
`
`Parsed HTML Solutions: Server-Side Scripting
`
`
`Server-Side Includes (SSI)
`Cold Fusion . . . . . . . .
`UsingCFML
`CFML Summary .
`
`
`Active Server Pages (ASP)
`
`Creating ASP Pages
`
`
`485
`
`486
`
`488
`
`490
`
`493
`
`503
`
`504
`509
`
`509
`
`517
`
`520
`
`520
`
`525
`
`Summary ................ .
`
`Client-Side Scripting and HTML
`
`
`527
`13
`
`Purpose of Scripting . . . . .
`528
`
`JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`529
`
`
`VBScript .................. .
`
`
`Including Scripts in an ffiML Document
`
`
`Specifying the Scripting Language
`537
`. . . . . . . . . .
`
`External Scripts
`538
`
`
`Scripting and Nonscript-Aware Browsers
`<NOSCRIPT>
`. . . . .
`539
`
`
`Script Events and HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`540
`
`Extended Event Models . . . . . . . . .
`546
`
`
`
`Dynamic HTML and the Document Object Model
`
`Object Models
`
`HTML and Scripting Access
`
`Ramifications of Scripting
`
`Summary ............ .
`
`532
`
`533
`
`538
`
`556
`
`557
`
`559
`
`567
`
`569
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 12
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`

`

`571
`I;! I I 14 Client-Side Programming and HTML . . . . . . . . .
`
`
`
`
`Scripting, Programming, and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`572
`
`
`Plug-ins ................................. .
`573
`<EMBED> Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`574
`Java Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`582
`
`<APPLET> Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`583
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Java and Scripting
`588
`
`............ .
`
`Using Java Without Programming
`590
`
`
`ActiveX Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`592
`
`Adding Controls to Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`593
`
`<OBJECT> Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`594
`
`
`Cross-Platform Support with Plug-ins
`
`
`and ActiveX Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`602
`
`The Future of <OBJECT> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`603
`
`Summary ................................ .
`604
`
`607
`111 I I 15 Putting It All Together: Delivering the Web Site
`
`
`
`
`Publishing the Site .......................... .
`608
`
`Outsourcing Web Hosting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`608
`
`Virtual Hosting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`611
`
`
`Running a Local Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`612
`
`Selecting a Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`612
`
`How Web Servers Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`616
`
`HTTP ............................. .
`617
`
`MIME ............................. .
`634
`
`SReed and State Problems with HTTP . . . . . . . . . . .
`635
`
`
`The Realities of Publishing and
`
`Maintaining a Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`635
`
`Summary ................................ .
`636
`
`U U I 16 XML: Beyond HTML ..................
`637
`.
`
`Between HTML, SGML, and XML . . . . . . . . . .
`Relationship
`638
`
`Basic XML ............................... .
`639
`Valid Documents
`641
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`XML Uncertainties
`644
`
`Application Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`645
`XML for Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`645
`
`XML into HTML documents . . . . . . . . .
`Embedding
`647
`
`
`Interactive Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`XML-Based
`648
`Style in XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`656
`Summary ................................ .
`659
`
`I
`
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`Apple EX1013 Page 13
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`

`

`
`Future Directions
`661
`17
`
`Presentation Issues . . . . .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. 662
`
`Programming Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`663
`
`Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`665
`
`
`Web-Wide Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
`670
`
`Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Application-Specific
`
`What Is the Future of HTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`672
`Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`672
`
`A
`
`HTML Element Reference
`
`675
`
`
`Core Attributes Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`676
`ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`676
`CLASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
`
`STYLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`677
`TITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`677
`
`
`
`Language Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
`LANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`678
`DIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`678
`
`
`
`Events Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
`
`Extended Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`678
`
`
`HTML Element Reference . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`684
`
`<!--... --> (Comment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`684
`<!DOCTYPE> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`685
`
`<A>(Anchor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`686
`
`<ABBR> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
`<ADDRESS> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`692
`<APPLET> (Java Applet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
`
`<AREA> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`696
`
`<AUDIOSCOPE> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`699
`<B>(Bold) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`700
`701
`<BASE> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`<BASEFONT> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`702
`703
`
`
`<BDO> (Bidirectional Override) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`<BGSOUND> (Background Sound) . . . . . . . . . . . .
`704
`<BIG> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`706
`
`<BLACKFACE> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`707
`<BLINK> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`707
`
`<BLOCKQUOTE> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`708
`<BODY> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`710
`
`<BQ> (Block Quote) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`714
`<BR> (Line Break) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`714:
`
`<BUTTON> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
`. . . . . . . . . .
`
`
`<CAPTION> (Figure or Table Caption)
`718
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 14
`
`

`

`<CENTER> ...........................
`<CITE> (Citation) ......................
`<CODE> ............................
`<COL> (Column) ......................
`<COLGROUP> (Column Group) .............
`<COMMENT> .........................
`<DD> (Definition in a Definition List) ...........
`<DEL> (Deleted Text) ....................
`<DFN> (Defining Instance of a Term) ...........
`<DIR> (Directory List) ....................
`<DIV> (Division) .......................
`<DL> (Definition List) ....................
`<DT> (Term in a Definition List) ..............
`<EM> (Emphasis) ¯ .....................
`<EMBED> (Embedded Object) ...............
`<FIELDSET> (Form Field Set) ...............
`<FN> (Footnote) .......................
`<FONT> ............................
`<FORM> ............................
`<FRAME> ...........................
`<FRAMESET> .........................
`<HI> Through <H6> (Headings) .............
`<HEAD> (Document Head) ................
`<HR> (Horizontal Rule) ...................
`<HTML> (HTML Document) ...............
`<I> (Italic) ...........................
`<IFRAME> (Floating Frame) ................
`<ILAYER> (Inflow Layer) ..................
`<IMG> (Image) ........................
`<INPUT> (Input Form Control) ..............
`<INS> (Inserted Text) ....................
`<ISINDEX> (Index Prompt) ................
`
`720
`722
`723
`725
`726
`728
`729
`731
`733
`735
`736
`740
`741
`743
`745
`747
`749
`750
`752
`755
`757
`759
`761
`763
`765
`766
`767
`769
`772
`775
`781
`783
`
`786785
`" .......
`¯ ........
`¯ ....
`<KBD><LABEL>(Keyb°ard Input)(Form Control Label) ..........
`789
`<LAYER> ............................
`791
`<LEGEND> (Field Legend) .................
`793
`<LI> (List Item) ........................
`795
`<LIMITTEXT> .........................
`796
`<LINK> .............................
`799
`<LISTING> ...........................
`800
`<MAP> .............................
`802
`<MARQUEE> .........................
`805
`<MENU> ............................
`807
`<META> (Meta-lnformation) ................
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 15
`
`

`

`<MULTICOL> (Multiple Column Text) ~. .........
`<NOBR> (No Breaks) ....................
`<NOEMBED> (No Embedded Media Support) .....
`<NOFRAMES> (No Frame Support Content) ......
`<NOSCRIPT> (No Script Support Content) .......
`<NOSMARTQUOTES> (No Smart Quotes) .......
`<OBJECT> ...........................
`<OL> (Ordered List) .....................
`<OPTGROUP> (Option Grouping) ............
`<OPTION> (Option in Selection List) . . .........
`<P> (Paragraph) .......................
`<PARAM> (Object Parameter) ...............
`<PLAINTEXT> .........................
`<PRE> (Preformatted Text) .................
`<Q> (Quote) .........................
`<S> (Strikethrough) .....................
`<SAMP> (Sample Text) ...................
`<SCRIPT> (Scripting) .....................
`<SELECT> (Selection List) .................
`<SHADOW> (Shadow Text) ................
`<SIDEBAR> (Sidebar) ....................
`<SMALL> (Small Text) ...................
`<SPACER> ...........................
`<SPAN> (Text Span) .....................
`<STRIKE> (Strikeout Text) .................
`<STRONG> ..........................
`<STYLE> (Style Information) ................
`<SUB> (Subscript) ......................
`<SUP> (Superscript) .....................
`<TABLE> ............................
`<TBODY> (Table Body) ...................
`<TD> (Table Data) ......................
`<TEXTAREA> (Multiline Text Input) ...........
`<TFOOT> (Table Footer) ..................
`<TH> (Table Header) ....................
`<THEAD> (Table Header) .................
`<TITLE> (Document Title) .................
`<TR> (Table Row) ......................
`<TT> (Teletype Text) .....................
`<U> (Underline) .......................
`<UL> (Unordered List) ...................
`<VAR> (Variable) ......................
`<WBR> (Word Break) ....................
`<XMP> (Example) ......................
`
`808
`810
`811
`811
`813
`814
`815
`819
`821
`823
`825
`827
`828
`830
`832
`833
`835
`836
`838
`842
`843
`843
`845
`846
`849
`850
`852
`853
`855
`856
`861
`863
`867
`871
`873
`877
`880
`881
`883
`884
`886
`888
`889
`890
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 16
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`

`

`B
`
`Style Sheet Reference ................... 893
`894
`Style Sheet Terms ............................
`894
`Embedded Styles .......................
`894
`Linked Styles ..........................
`894
`Imported Styles ........................
`895
`Inline Styles ..........................
`895
`Selectors ............................
`895
`Rules ..............................
`896
`Grouping ............................
`896
`Inheritance ...........................
`896
`Class Selectors .........................
`897
`ID Selectors ...........................
`897
`Contextual Selectors .....................
`898
`Pseudo-Classes .............................
`898
`A:link ..............................
`898
`A:visited ............................
`898
`A:active .............................
`898
`Pseudo-Elements ............................
`898
`first-letter ............................
`899
`first-line .............................
`899
`Miscellaneous ..............................
`899
`/* comments */ ........................
`899
`! important ...........................
`899
`Fonts ...................................
`900
`font-family. ¯ ..........................
`901
`font-size .............................
`904
`font-style ............................
`905
`font-weight ...........................
`906
`font-variant ...........................
`907
`text-transform .........................
`908
`text-decoration .........................
`909
`font ...............................
`909
`Text .................................... 909
`word-spacing .........................
`letter-spacing ..........................
`line-height ¯ ..........................
`text-align ............................
`vertical-align ..........................
`text-indent ...........................
`Colors and Backgrounds ........................
`color ...............................
`background-color .......................
`background-image ......................
`
`910
`910
`911
`911
`913
`913
`914
`914
`915
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 17
`
`

`

`background-repeat ........................
`background-attachment ...................
`background-position ......................
`background ...........................
`Layout ..................................
`Margins .............................
`margin-top ...........................
`margin-bottom .........................
`margin-right ..........................
`margin-left ...........................
`margin .............................
`Borders .............................
`border-top-width .......................
`border-bottom-width .....................
`border-right-width ......................
`border-left-width .......................
`border-width ..........................
`border-color ..........................
`border-style ..........................
`border-top ...........................
`border-bottom .........................
`border-right ..........................
`border-left ...........................
`border ..............................
`Padding .............................
`padding-top ..........................
`padding-bottom ........................
`padding-right .........................
`padding-left ..........................
`padding ..............................
`width ..............................
`height ..............................
`float ...............................
`clear ...............................
`Layers and Positioning .........................
`position .............................
`width ..............................
`height ..............................
`clip ...............................
`overflow ............................
`z-index .............................
`visibility ............................
`
`915
`916
`917
`919
`923
`923
`923
`923
`924
`924
`924
`925
`925
`925
`925
`925
`926
`927
`927
`929
`929
`929
`930
`930
`930
`930
`930
`930
`931
`931
`931
`932
`932
`933
`934
`934
`936
`936
`936
`937
`937
`938
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 18
`
`

`

`Classification ...............................
`display .............................
`white-space ...........................
`list-style-type ..........................
`list-style-image .........................
`list-style-position .......................
`list-style .............................
`Style Sheet Measurement Values ...................
`in ................................
`cm ................................
`mm ...............................
`pt ................................
`pc ................................
`em ................................
`ex (x-height) ..........................
`px ................................
`% .................................
`Style Sheet Color Values ........................
`Named Color Values .....................
`Six-Digit Hexadecimal Color Values ............
`Three-Digit Hexadecimal Color Values ...........
`RGB Color Values .......................
`RGB Color Values (Percentage) ...............
`
`Special Characters
`"Standard" HTML Character Entities .................
`HTML 4.0 Character Entities ......................
`Latin Extended-A .......................
`Latin Extended-B .......................
`Spacing Modifier Letters ...................
`General Punctuation .....................
`Greek ..............................
`Letter-like Symbols ......................
`Arrows .............................
`Mathematical Operators ...................
`Technical Symbols .......... ¯ .............
`Geometric Shapes .......................
`Miscellaneous Symbols ....................
`
`938
`939
`940
`940
`942
`943
`943
`943
`943
`944
`944
`944
`944
`944
`945
`945
`945
`945
`945
`946
`946
`946
`946
`
`947
`948
`968
`969
`969
`969
`970
`972
`975
`976
`976
`978
`979
`979
`
`D
`
`Fonts ............................ 981
`982
`Fonts for Microsoft Platforms and Browsers .............
`984
`Fonts for Apple Macintosh System 7 .................
`985
`Fonts for Unix Systems .........................
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 19
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`

`

`E
`
`F
`
`Color Names and Hexadecimal Codes ......... 987
`
`Reading a Document Type Definition .......... 995
`Element Type Declarations .......................
`996
`Occurrence Indicators .........................
`997
`Logical Connectors ...........................
`997
`Content Exclusion ............................
`998
`Content Inclusion ............................
`998
`Attribute Declarations .........................
`999
`SGML Keywords ............................
`1000
`Parameter Entities ............................
`1000
`General Entities .............................
`1001
`Comments ................................
`1002
`Marked Section Declaration ......................
`1002
`HTML 4.0 Transitional DTD ......................
`1003
`HTML 4.0 Strict DTD ..........................
`1027
`HTML 4.0 Frameset DTD .......................
`1046
`
`Index ...........................
`
`1049
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 20
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`

`

`
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 21
`
`IPR2023-00939
`Apple EX1013 Page 21
`
`

`

`HTML: The Complete Reference
`
`w hat exactly is Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)? HTML is the t