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`Coppeight © 2006SpiderWorks, LLC. All rights rrgeved.
`
`
`
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`sey of Congress Cnartenl Naniber is aveflahie tremthe publisher.
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` 2mnenits were casential to making money on Xeno,
`
`
`ae
`
`at's not our traditional wayof doing business” said Bom MacDonald, an
`
`atel executive.
`intel typically owned its owtn designs.Jedesigned ite chips on ite own
`
`echedule. andmade th
`ies.. Nvidia dig
`same,with
`the exception ofm lie
`8
`
`Twa Sericondu “
`penst ©mengediintoa Bingle chi
`
`
`
`g
`ad adthege graphic8ct
`
`
`
`Bob Feldstein,
`game box. TheyaethatMicrosoftwanted bes‘highlightbiveldet tiongorrine
`and launch im the fall of aons at the price of a traditional video game console,
`about Seco. They also knew thal Microsoft wanted ta .cwnthe desigatthat AY!
`
`would create andfabricate it in afac sing. While that ih
`
`
`
`horde for Nvidia, ATTsSanta Clare teaen had done such adealwith Minte 10
`
`
`
`already. It received a fee for the engineering work and aroyalty on cach console
`
`
`sald, Lp waent as much mosey au WLATI had made the chip for Nintencds,
`was moneythat floatedtethe bottomline.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`diferent tearns than the Santa Clara‘engineers“whowereagain¢going . work
`tor Nintendo. Feldstein taped engineers in Marlboro, Moss; Orlands, Fla., and
`‘Toronte, Canads.
`“We were doing a chip fromthej
`roundup’ Feldstein said. “it was kind of
`
`
`liberating. We had long pursued the ideal of photores
`lism. We couldsee i up
`
`
`
`
`
`there just on top of the hul We thoughtweo :
`ver fluid ovality, and that
`
`
`would truby be a ne
`neration experience:
`
`
`Theydide’t have to worry about making o chip work with all sorts of display
`resolutions. All they had to worry about was making it run om standard TVs
`as well as high-delinition TVs. (in this case, nmning at yao?) The engineers
`
`
`2 to shorten the
` the PCchige that were already in the woel
`x
`several unique phoces that made
`developmentschedule, but they also propose
`
`rent from. aPC“&graphs chip.ftin Seenes theyneeded to create 3
`the chip dith
`
`
`sure that the mache
`_ hele alternativetoothe©expen
`
`
`ene ttprocessorsthathandlesseparatejobs 0ontthePCCapsae.
`
`
`
`
`
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`ARTE: TOOOSSay.
`
`One type noted where an object was in-q-D space, “Tee the.
`gave if the prop:
`‘lighting, color, and surface texture.
`.
`
`
`inthe ATL
`design,
`the unifiedshader was amart enoughtojuggle betweenth,
`
`hwo types ofshaders The ggraphic caipwouldhave aatrlAe4 shaderpipe
`
`
`
`running at the saw t
`5
`‘Winab,
`wanted, but 2 owas betterthanthe 4 the tearhadexpeccted,"But becatase a
`was more efficient at balancing the load of wark at anygiven moment, it my he
`actually be able to keep up with a graphics chip that had many more of the
`ated shaders. The designfor this graphics chip was similar to a cook i a
`
`
`food restaurant with 48 arms, making both pizzas and tacos at the Sime
`fast
`time. The ceault in the restaurant would be morefood served, and the resale gp
`
`
`
`
`
`stalled visuals. Now, games would have objects wig,
`
`
`realistic fur, rely, grass or choth.
`lon Peddie, grap nS expert andl arealyst at jan,Pacdddlie Researeby need
`
`question Waswhether‘theunified shaderscould
`the system had tbey atteletyala
`
`the shaders|to
`
`observers think unified shadersaare nottthe.‘obvialousietightaanewerve righta,“hat
`weasan industry just have to learn more about howto exploit them, the Xboxs6q
`
`isa greatBsboratoryfHowever, in the!2 long8term, we® expert&methe®
`industrywill
`
`
`the:
`
`
`how to deal
`
`only 64 megabytes
`A
`are!
`figured that Microsuttwouldbeable bo‘affordabout 286rheregabytesing Aue
`
`
`that mostgraphics cards came with thes
`This was such a scame
`~o
`ated memory. This! CC approach WHENBA OpPLON OL a REMCOE
`
`
`causeeit drove up the costs dramatically, Withoutthat dedicated memory, the
`graphicscripbad towaltaalong&time toogetdata from memory,Thatslowedthe
`
`
`
`ae“tacksrather than go aul over"the long oathwaytetw a
`busywith pproc
`memory. Dubbed intelligent memory,this added same costs to the box, but
`
`
`Bhreduced the bottlenecks without requiring a let more memory. At first. the
`
`memory would be a separate chip that was connected to the graphics
`
`a common package, or multichip module. Over time, this memory+ created by
`
`
`
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` reat‘
`readei
`
`
`
`
`
`visplayine ieimages in.*high-definition cesolutions, ‘the
`ragged edges, even while
`embedded memory one ating al 25a6©gigAbytesBsper secont
`
`mined take a lume
`
`separate a
`
`dhe graphics
`
`
`
`AS Oa
`
`js“s chip.Thiis meant that IBM
`
`was5prope ngiG3d
`aM proposeda bus thatcould
`
`tansior dataat 22 giaahybes per second, 1
`afcollaboration that Microsoltneededtomakesuite thatthe solutionfor Xenon
`
`
`We properly customized. 1They dint want
`
`
`Whos on3the: Br
`ne
`
`he
`
`that aterhad Lowyields vwhereevaa iowwy chive»worked, the¢ chipshad|to5 be
`
`priced high. Dut ifthe veld wee high, and the waler produced oo working chips,
`then each chip could be pricedlelower. “These were unknowns a few years fram
`shipping. Wh
`Ny
`et reduction, which
`alten meant lots of
`
`
`engineers ‘
`onaredesign? Who
`was going te take theprofits when vields
`
`improved in the dactary?
`“There was both a terres of lowing the contract and the terror of winning the
`contracts Peldspein said.
`
`‘Thecontract teams startedtheir negotiations, leaving both companies roorm
`io opt out. Niidla, despite its aversion to working with Microsoft again, was still
`
`in the bidding. It was proposing j
`ea
`icrasolt tearm knew
`
`
`life would be so mucheasier withthe backward compatibility to the original
`
`Abox that Nwidis
`L. Nvidia could also offer the option of lowering prices
`
`on Xbox a eraphics chios, where it was makinghealthy profit margins, much te
`+
`
`
`
`
`
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`woukin't have sienedit otherwise. Ne past lost it?
`
`Mlerosoft8schip experts,Bme Beker and Mazen Foudeh, hadMefined an
`a.oo) =aeoe=
`enillion‘transistors, and3acompanion‘embedded
`Pohip with 190 rail on
`
`
`
`
`
`transistors. ‘The graphics chip would have 48 anified shaders thatcould execute
`a4 bion shader instructions ber second.Most grap s
`;
`
`
`
`embeddedmemoryinthe© boxnmadeaagreatdeal ofsense to Giberr
`
`
`ary
`ieoon the main merry bue ~ the data highwayIs
`there, dhe
`and both the CPU and the griphice
`chip ~ would have been too heawy A
`
`shortage af memory bandwidth was the Achilles# heel for systems such as the
`
`
`PlayStation a, the original Abo, and gaming |
`i
`;
`
`
`
`was connected directly to the graphics chip,
`#
`
`great deal of what |
`ed fromthe eevbedded evernory wath
`
`@o auress the bus to main memory.The ggame developers could have ti
`
`
`embedded memory, but its pr
`ict
`’ the system to
`
`
`achiow! muere of ths theoreticnl performance, in comtrast to systems tet could
`
`never come close te hitting their maximum.theoretical performance.
`“Theres a huge amotntoftrafic that never touches the bus, Gibsonsaid.
`
`“That was a huge thing that ATT
`brought po bear”
`_ pele “mn bad a
`learn working dice the spring on theorajeet. Nowhe coukl
`
`gear atesscoresoff engineers§to& th8team.chYaane the
`
`
` work ane thenset up the fabrication achedule at Ws chip contract muanulactur
`
`Sabwan Semiconducter Manufacturing (io, Meunwhile, Mlcrosofe
`NEC, which would make the eribedded memory that would be coupled
`
`wwiththe ¢graphics <thin.FesechwastheprogrammanagerwhostayedInconstant
`woulkle't be in ec ntactwith theengineers on Microsefs peject. He hadtohold
`
` ntingencypl § graphics chip would
`But
`
`
`becoupled with IBM'sor Intel's microprocessors. ‘The odds were strong Uhal
`
`
`1BM wouldwin the deal, but it wasn't signedyet. Microsoft still didn’t know
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`“We hit what we called high tide inthe sumunen’said Leslie Leland, ditectog
`
`of hardware evaluation in Mountain View, Calif “It was the time when we had
`te finish all of our work to make the launch happen”
`
`
`Sree Gileonputhie people to werkon enginesring valldstion. [he industrigt
`design trom lonethan Mayes
`teem was done. Don Coyner’s tearmhed moved on
`
`
`
`te testing the user interface software, getting reaction from Cheskin Research's
`randean ooneurmiers. But the look and feel ofthe hardware wae dome, ard that
`
`meant that Gibeanis tears could finally vera in on a single design anda singleset
`adparts fo test,
`Gibson wanted te test whatever subsystems he could before the chips were
`finished,
`frat task was to take an early development machine, an Apple
`
`
`Maciatosh Ga, tear f epart ond remove the motherboard, ‘The team hacked
`into the board so that they could run some of the hardware that wasready,
`‘They tested the DVDderive, the wireless ganne pad module, and aversion ofthe
`
`gperstlBE nyatem&aaftwarebeingcrcreated &bya teenaheadedbyTracy7 oeand
`
`
`The firrel test ws
`
`
`
`Slot all af the fevtar
`fue on this test
`cl
`
`
`used to nameth
`as opposed te
`the
`rally
`
`
`with dhe board engineers, going the agh a couple of hundred s eps
`|
`theycould produce one ortwoworkingboards a day. Bil Gates visited the Ix
`the= ceneerswere looking3abaoe When he heardthe
`out ate View.whe
`
`
`chat weredependent0aa the
`vicraproees
`i could run bettesieal,
`
`
`
`=) monthafter 1Mfins ed its test chip, ATT teped
`ht Septembet2003
`
`
`ane whetheteen
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`alot ofansngigworkoonthe:reattoftl ¢ components.TaiwansSilloon integrated
`
`
`chip thatallowedthe majorchips to comununicate with te outsideworldorthe
`
`
`
`
`
`opstomns. was designing the “south bridge, or
`the input-output communications
`
`
`hard disk drive. Adarmec
`said the chip stayed on schedule and mever rose high
`
`
`
`on the radar. That was thanksto an engineer named Yahbin Sim. Hehad visited.
`Taiwanso aften that the manager of the Ambassador
`lin Talpel tookhin.
`
`
`wubto dinner. One af his counterparts at SiSinvited Simover go frequently that
`
`
`he man’s childrencalledhim“Uncle Yalbin’
`
`ys 2while,the te
`La new version of the software for
`
`
`
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`$eBSUSS
`Bild.Camantae
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`“pe£3£y
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