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`Oeyayelecayi
`Dictionary
`
`ATI Ex. 2126
`
`IPR2023-00922
`
`Microsoft
`
`mittemeciicie:«i
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`Fully updated with the latest
`technologies, terms, and acronyms
`Easy to read, expertly illustrated
`Definitive coverage of hardware,
`software, the Internet, and more!
`
`ATI Ex. 2126
`IPR2023-00922
`Page 1 of 3
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`
`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--Sth ed.
`p- cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`1. Computers--Dictionarics. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionarics.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267 2002
`004°.03--de21
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`23456789 QWT 765432
`
`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and CompanyLtd.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa-
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@microsoft.com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, Clearlype, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, DirectInput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN,Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are cither registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company,organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X08-41929
`
`ATI Ex. 2126
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`IPR2023-00922
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`Page 2 of 3
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`ATI Ex. 2126
`IPR2023-00922
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`Control key.
`
`controller n. A device that other devices rely on for
`access to a computer subsystem. A disk controller, for
`controls access to one or more disk drives, man-
`aging physical and logical access to the drive ordrives.
`control logic n. The electronic circuitry that generates,
`interprets, and uses control data.
`control panel 7. In Windows and Macintosh systems, a
`utility that allows the user to control aspects of the operat-
`ing system or hardware, such as system time and date,
`keyboard characteristics, and networking parameters.
`control panel device n. See cdev.
`control sequence 1. See control code.
`
`control signal n. An electronic signal used to control
`internal or external devices or processes.
`control statement n. A statement that affects the flow of
`execution through a program. Control statements include
`conditional statements (CASE, IF-THEN-ELSE),iterative
`statements (DO, POR, REPEAT, WHILE), and transfer
`statements (GOTO). See also conditional statement, itera-
`tive statement, statement, transfer statement.
`
`control strip n. 1. An cquipment calibration tool used to
`determine the corrections needed to restore accuracy by
`comparing recorded data against known values. 2. A util-
`ity that groups shortcuts to commonly used items or infor-
`mation, such as time, battery power level, desktop items,
`and programs,in an easily accessible place. See also
`shortcut.
`
`control structure n. A portion of a program defined by
`the relationship between the statements, used in structured
`programming. There are three basic control structures:
`sequence, where one statement simply follows another;
`selection, where program flow depends on whichcriteria
`are met; and iteration, where an action is repeated until
`
`control unit n. A device or circuit that performs an arbi-
`trating or regulating function. For cxample, a memory
`
`conversational language
`
`controller chip controls access to a computer's memory
`and is the control unit for that memory.
`
`control variable n. In programming, the variable in a
`control statement that dictates the flow of execution. For
`example,the index variable in a FOR loop controls the
`number of times a group of statements are executed. See
`also control statement.
`
`convenience adapter n. See port replicator.
`convention n. Any standard that is used more or less uni-
`versally in a given situation. Many conventions are applied
`to microcomputers. In programming, for example, a lan-
`guage such as C relics on formally accepted symbols and
`abbreviations that must be used in programs. Less formally,
`programmers usually adopt the convention of indenting
`subordinate instructions in a routine so that the structure of
`
`the program is more easily visualized. National and inter-
`
`for programming languages, data structures, communica-
`
`ISO, NTSC, standard (definition 1).
`
`conventional memory n. The amount of RAM address-
`able by an IBM PC or compatible machine operating in
`real mode. This is typically 640 kilobytes (KB). Without
`the use of special techniques, conventional memory is the
`only kind of RAM accessible to MS-DOS programs. See
`also protected mode, real mode. Compare expanded mem-
`ory, extended memory.
`
`convergence n. A coming together. Convergence can
`occur between different disciplines and technologies, as
`when telephone communications and computing converge
`in the field oftelecommunications. It can also occur within
`a program, such as a spreadsheet, when a circular set of
`formulas are repeatedly recalculated (iterated), with the
`results ofcach iteration coming closer to a truce solution.
`conversational adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of
`the mode ofoperation, typical ofmicrocomputers, in which
`the computer user and the system engage in a dialogue of
`commands and system responses. See also interactive.
`conversational interaction n. Interaction in which two
`
`or more parties alternately transmit and receive messages
`from cach other. See also interactive processing.
`conversational language n. Any programming lan-
`guage that allows the programmer to instruct the computer
`in a conversational mode, as opposed to more formal,
`structured languages. For example, in a COBOL program,
`in order to execute a procedure called CHECK 10 times, a
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`ATI Ex. 2126
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