throbber
( 12 ) United States Patent
`Stapleton et al .
`
`( 10 ) Patent No .: US 10,506,454 B2
`( 45 ) Date of Patent :
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`US010506454B2
`
`( * ) Notice :
`
`( 54 ) OPTIMIZATION OF TRAFFIC LOAD IN A
`DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM
`( 71 ) Applicant : DALI SYSTEMS CO . LTD . , George
`Town , Grand Cayman ( KY )
`( 72 ) Inventors : Shawn Patrick Stapleton , Burnaby
`( CA ) ; Seyed Amin Hejazi , Burnaby
`( CA )
`( 73 ) Assignee : DALI SYSTEMS CO . , LTD . , Grand
`Cayman ( KY
`Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days .
`( 21 ) Appl . No .: 13 / 950,160
`( 22 )
`Jul . 24 , 2013
`Filed :
`( 65 )
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2014/0162664 A1
`Jun . 12 , 2014
`Related U.S. Application Data
`( 60 ) Provisional application No. 61 / 678,016 , filed on Jul .
`31 , 2012 .
`Int . Ci .
`H04W 24/02
`H04W 16/04
`H04W 88/08
`( 52 ) U.S. CI .
`CPC
`
`( 51 )
`
`( 2009.01 )
`( 2009.01 )
`( 2009.01 )
`H04W 24/02 ( 2013.01 ) ; H04W 16/04
`( 2013.01 ) ; H04W 88/085 ( 2013.01 )
`( 58 ) Field of Classification Search
`....... H04W 88/085 ; H04B 10/2575 ; H04B
`CPC
`10/25753 ; HO4L 41/5025
`( Continued )
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`6,785,558 B1 *
`8,498,207 B2 *
`
`8/2004 Stratford
`7/2013 Trigui
`( Continued )
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`H04W 88/085
`455/561
`HO4L 41/5025
`370/235
`
`JP
`JP
`
`7/2001
`2001203691
`6/2012
`2012124695
`( Continued )
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and
`the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority , or the
`Declaration ; International Search Report and Written Opinion of the
`International Searching Authority for corresponding International
`application No. PCT / US2013 / 052206 dated Oct. 31 , 2013 , 8 pages .
`( Continued )
`Primary Examiner Matthew C Sams
`( 57 )
`ABSTRACT
`A system for dynamically routing signals in a Distributed
`Antenna System includes a plurality of Digital Access Units
`( DAUS ) . The plurality of DAUs are coupled and operable to
`route signals between the plurality of DAUs . The system
`also includes a plurality of Digital Remote Units ( DRUS )
`coupled to the plurality of DAUs and operable to transport
`signals between DRUs and DAUs and a plurality of Base
`Transceiver Stations ( BTS ) . The system further includes a
`plurality of traffic monitoring modules and a network opti
`mization goal and optimization algorithm .
`19 Claims , 11 Drawing Sheets
`
`DRY12 = - DRU : 13 :
`
`DRU - 11 : DRUHSER : 4 :
`CeR2
`DRU : CAERU
`
`BRUS
`
`DRUG
`
`OROA
`
`DRU
`
`DRU
`
`DU3 DRU . "
`305 3GA
`
`DRU : 19 DRU 20
`
`DRU 18
`
`ORU 16. BRU 21 s
`Cella
`
`DRU IZ ERU 16 :
`
`Optical
`Cable
`303
`DAU 1 :
`302
`
`DAUZ
`308
`
`DAU 3
`
`Optical
`Catile
`
`Optical
`Cable
`
`Network
`Oplimnization
`320
`
`Traffic Monitor
`Uriit
`321
`
`BTSN
`
`Sector
`
`RF Cable
`
`Sector 2
`
`RF Cable
`
`Sector 3
`
`RF Cable
`
`**
`BTS 1
`
`Sector
`
`RF Cable
`
`Sector 2
`
`RF Cable
`
`Sector 3
`
`RF Cable
`
`

`

`US 10,506,454 B2
`Page 2
`
`( 58 )
`
`Field of Classification Search
`455 / 67.11 , 562.1 , 524 ; 370/328 , 311 ,
`USPC
`370/329
`See application file for complete search history .
`
`2013/0071112 A1 *
`
`2013/0114963 A1 *
`
`2013/0128810 A1 *
`
`3/2013 Melester
`5/2013 Stapleton
`5/2013 Lee
`
`HO4B 17/0085
`398/38
`H04W 24/02
`398/115
`H04W 84/042
`370/328
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`8,958,789 B2 *
`
`2001/0052011 A1
`2002/0119772 A1
`2003/0147353 A1
`2005/0153743 Al
`2008/0139205 A1 *
`
`2010/0278530 A1 *
`
`2/2015 Bauman
`12/2001 Nagao
`8/2002 Yoshida
`8/2003 Clarkson et al .
`7/2005 Berra et al .
`6/2008 Sayeedi
`11/2010 Kummetz
`
`2011/0122788 A1 *
`
`5/2011 Sombrutzki
`
`2012/0039254 A1 2/2012 Stapleton et al .
`2012/0039320 A1 2/2012 Lemson et al .
`2012/0119772 Al
`5/2012 Hirako et al .
`2012/0149411 A1 6/2012 Miyoshi et al .
`2012/0327789 A1 * 12/2012 Grenier
`
`HO4B 10/25755
`342/58
`
`H04W 36/0038
`455/436
`H04W 88/085
`398/41
`HO4W 16/10
`370/252
`
`H04L 43/10
`370/252
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`2011085514
`WO 2012/024349 Al
`WO 2014/022211 A2
`
`7/2011
`2/2012
`2/2014
`
`9
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`AU2013296819 , “ First Examiner Report ” , dated Aug. 31 , 2016 , 2
`pages .
`EA201500184 , “ Office Action ” , dated Nov. 7 , 2016 , 2 pages .
`EP13825612.8 , “ Extended European Search Report ” , dated Jun .
`24 , 2016 , 8 pages .
`Written Opinion for Singapore application No. 11201500770U
`dated Jan. 13 , 2016 , 6 pages .
`EP13825612.8 , “ Office Action ” , dated Mar. 8 , 2017 , 5 pages .
`Japanese Patent Application No. JP2015-525473 , " Office Action ” ,
`dated Aug. 28 , 2017 , 11 pages .
`Office Action for Indian Application No. 244 / CHENP / 2015 dis
`patched Sep. 17 , 2019 , pp . all .
`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 1 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`Cell 6
`
`Cell 7
`
`Cell 8
`
`DRU
`DRU 8
`14
`Cell 21
`DRU DRUG
`DREU
`DRU
`DRU
`
`DRU
`20
`
`DRO
`21
`
`DRU
`16
`
`DRU DRU
`
`Cell 10
`
`Optical
`Cable
`103
`
`BTS
`Sector
`
`TV
`
`101
`Sector
`2
`
`Sector
`3
`
`RF
`Cable
`
`RF
`Cable
`
`RF
`Cable
`
`DAU 1
`102
`
`DAU 2
`108
`
`DAU 3
`
`Cell 5
`
`Cell 4
`
`DRU
`
`DRU
`12
`
`DRU
`
`Cell 12
`
`Cell 11
`
`DRU5 DRU 6 .
`
`DRU 7
`
`DR3 4
`
`DRU 1
`107
`Cell
`DRU 3 DRU 2
`106
`105 104
`
`DRU
`19
`DRU
`
`Cell 9
`
`Optical
`Cable
`
`Optical
`Cable .
`
`Network
`Optimization
`120
`
`Traffic Monitor Unit
`121
`
`FIG . 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 2 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`DRU
`
`40 . DRU
`
`DRU
`4:31
`
`Cell 5
`
`DRU
`12
`
`DRU
`
`DRO
`13
`
`DRO :
`
`DRU
`39
`
`DRU
`36
`Cell 4
`DRU
`38
`
`37
`
`DRU
`DRU
`
`DRU 5
`
`DRU 6
`
`DRU
`12
`
`11
`
`DRO 8
`Cell 2
`DRU
`10
`
`DRU
`14
`
`BRUG
`
`Cell 12
`
`Cell 11
`
`BTS
`
`Sector 1
`201
`
`Sector 2
`
`Sector 3
`
`Cell 6
`
`Cell 7
`
`DRU
`26
`
`DRU
`27
`
`DRO :
`19
`
`DRO
`20
`
`DRU
`DRY
`
`DRU
`231
`
`DRO
`15 :
`Cell 3
`DRU
`DRU
`36 .
`
`DRU
`25
`
`DRU
`DRU
`22 213 28
`Cell : 8
`DRU
`DRU
`23
`24
`211
`212
`210
`
`209
`
`DRU 4
`
`DRUT
`
`DRUM
`207
`Cell 1
`DRU 2
`DRU 3 205
`204
`206
`
`DRU
`
`18 DRU
`DRU
`DREA
`
`DRU
`33
`
`DRU
`34
`
`DRO
`32
`
`DRU
`29
`
`DRU
`35
`
`DRU
`31
`
`DRU
`30
`
`203
`
`Cell 9
`
`DAU 1
`202
`
`DAU 2
`208
`
`DAU 3
`
`220
`
`Network
`Optimization
`
`Traffic Monitor Unit
`221
`
`FIG . 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 3 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`DRU 12
`
`ORU 13
`
`DRU 11
`
`DRU 14
`
`DRU8
`Ceu 2
`
`DRU : 9
`
`DRU : 10
`DRU 1
`DRUM
`307
`Cell 1.1
`DRU 19 DRU 20
`DRU 3
`DRO 2
`306/305 304
`
`DRU - 5
`
`DRU 6
`
`DRU 4
`
`BTSN
`
`Sector 1
`309
`
`RF Cable
`
`Sector 2
`
`RF Cable
`
`Sector 3
`
`RF Cable
`
`BTS 1
`
`Sector 1
`30.1
`
`Sector 2
`
`Sector 3
`
`RF Cable
`
`RF Cable
`
`RF Cable
`
`DRU 18 .
`
`DRU 15
`Cell 3
`
`DRU 23
`
`DRU 17
`
`ORU16
`
`Optical
`Cable
`303
`DAU 1
`302
`
`DAU 2
`308
`
`DAU 3
`
`Optical
`Cable
`
`Optical
`Cable
`
`Network
`Optimization
`320
`
`Traffic Monitor
`Unit
`321
`
`FIG . 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 4 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`Optical Network
`
`403
`
`IP
`
`Web
`
`406
`
`
`
`LAN Port 1
`
`
`
`LAN Port 2
`
`
`
`PEER Port M
`
`
`Local Router L
`415
`
`
`
`Traffic Monitor at ports 416
`
`Ethernet
`
`408
`
`Port 10 Ext Port 1D Ext
`
`
`
`
`Port 20 Ext Port 2D Ext
`
`
`
`
`
`Ext Port NU
`Ext Port ND
`
`
`402
`
`
`
`
`
`Host Unit Server
`
`409
`
`410
`
`400
`
`
`
`Physical Node
`
`
`
`Physical Node
`
`
`
`Physical Node
`
`FIG . 4
`
`407
`
`Remote Operational Control
`
`WpLink .
`
`Down Link
`
`
`
`
`
`Down Link Up Link
`
`404 Down Link Up Link
`405
`
`RF Network
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 5 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`RF Network
`
`
`
`Down Link Up Link
`
`
`
`Physical Node
`
`509
`
`Computer
`
`
`Ext Port NU
`
`Ext Port ND
`Remote Router R 515
`
`
`
`
`
`PEER Port M
`
`
`
`Traffic Monitor at ports 516
`
`Ethernet
`
`508
`
`505
`
`
`
`Ethernet Switch
`
`FIG . 5
`
`
`
`Wireless Access Points
`
`504
`
`503
`Down Link Up Link Down
`Link Up Link
`
`
`
`501
`
`
`
`Physical Node
`
`
`
`Physical Node
`
`507
`
`506 .
`
`
`
`
`
`Digital Remote Unit
`
`
`
`Ext Port 1D Ext Port 10
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ext Port 2D Ext Port 20
`
`500
`
`
`
`LAN Port 1
`
`
`
`LAN Port 2
`
`502
`
`Optical Network
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 6 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`Cell 5
`
`Cell 6
`
`Cell 7
`
`Cell 8
`
`Cell 4
`
`DRU 5 DRU 6
`
`DRU
`13
`
`DRU
`12
`DRO
`
`BRU
`DRW &
`14
`Cell 2
`DRO DRUS
`10
`
`DRU 4
`
`DRU7
`
`DRUL
`607
`DRU
`Cell
`19
`DRU 3 DRU2
`606 605604 DRO
`18
`
`Cell 12
`
`Cell 11
`
`DRU
`20
`
`DRU
`DRU
`
`DRU
`21
`
`DRU
`Cell 3
`DRU
`DRU
`17
`16
`
`Cell 10
`
`Optical
`Cable
`603
`
`DAU 1
`602
`
`DAU2
`608
`
`DAU 3
`
`RF
`Cable
`
`?? RF
`
`Cable
`
`RE
`Cable
`
`BTS Hotel
`610
`Picocell 11
`Picocell 12
`Picocell 1N
`
`Picocel 21
`Picocel 22
`Picocell 2P
`Picocell 31
`Picocell 32
`Picocell 30
`
`Cell 9
`
`Optical
`Cable
`
`Optical
`Cable
`
`Network
`Optimization
`620
`
`Traffic
`Monitor Unit
`621
`
`FIG . 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 7 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`Cell 5
`
`Cell 4
`
`DRU
`
`DRU
`13
`
`DRU
`
`DRU
`
`DRU
`38
`
`DRU
`
`DRU
`15
`Cell 3
`DRU
`DRO
`17
`36
`
`Cell 9
`
`Optical
`Cable
`
`Optical
`Cable
`
`FIG . 7
`
`Cell 6
`
`Cell 7
`
`Cell 8
`
`DRU
`
`DRO
`
`DRU 8
`Cell 2
`BRU DRUL 9
`10
`
`DRU 5 DRU 6
`
`DRU 4 DRUT
`707
`
`ORUT
`
`DRO :
`
`DRU
`20
`
`Cell 12
`
`Cell 11
`
`BTS Hotel
`710
`
`Picocell 11
`Picocell 12
`Picocell IN
`
`Picocell 21
`Picocell 22
`--Picocell 2P
`Picocell 31
`Picocell 32
`Picocell 30 "
`
`Traffic Monitor Unit
`720
`
`DRU 2
`DRU 3
`706 705 704
`
`Cell 10
`
`-Optical
`Cable
`703
`RF
`Cape : DA 1
`702
`
`RF
`Cable
`
`DAU 2
`708
`
`RF
`Cable DAU 3
`
`Network
`Optimization
`721
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 8 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`Cell 5
`
`Cell 4
`
`DRU
`12
`
`DRU
`13
`
`Cell 6
`
`Cell 7
`
`Cell 8
`
`DRU
`
`DRU
`14 .
`
`Cell 12
`
`Cell 11
`
`DRU 5
`
`DRU 6
`
`DRU 4
`
`DRU
`
`DRUT
`
`DRU 3 DRU2
`806 805804
`
`Cell 10
`
`DRU
`19
`
`DRO
`18
`
`DRU
`
`DRU : 8
`Cell 2
`ORU DRU
`10
`DRU
`
`DRUS
`20
`DRUS
`15
`Cel 3
`DRU
`DRU
`17
`
`DRU
`
`DRU
`21
`
`BTS Hotel
`810
`
`Picocell 12
`Picocell IN
`
`Picocell 21 .
`Picocell 22
`Picocel 2P
`Picocel 31
`Picocel 32
`Picocell 3Q
`
`Traffic Monitor Unit
`820
`
`Digital
`Interfaces
`( 830 )
`
`Optical Cable
`803
`
`Cell 9
`
`DAU 1
`802
`
`DAU 2
`808
`
`DAU 3
`
`821
`Network
`Optimization
`
`Optical Cable
`
`Optical Cable
`
`FIG . 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 9 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`Collect Information in DAS
`Network
`
`Analyze Traffic Information
`( KPIs ) And Traffic
`performance ( QoS ) in DAS
`Network
`
`Optimize Traffic Performance
`( QoS ) in DAS Network
`
`910
`
`912
`
`914
`
`916
`
`NO
`
`Does The Reconfigured
`DAS Network Estimate an
`Acceptable Level of
`Performance ?
`
`YES
`
`Reconfigure DAS Network
`
`918
`
`FIG . 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 10 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`START
`
`- Number of Users per DRU
`- DRUs distance from each other
`- How are the DRUs assigned to
`different sectors and BTS
`
`Calculate different KPIs at the DRUS :
`KPI , , i € { BC , HO , CI
`BC : Blocked Call
`HO : Handover
`CI : Compactness Index
`
`Calculate QoS :
`QoS = w.KPIBC W2 ??? 110 + Wz.KPICI
`
`TERMINATE
`
`FIG . 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 10 , 2019
`
`Sheet 11 of 11
`
`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`START
`
`1110
`
`1112
`
`Generate
`the initial
`Population
`
`Analyze Traffic
`Information ( KPIs )
`And Traffic
`performance
`( QoS ) for all
`sectorizations
`( individual )
`
`1114
`
`Qos
`QoS ,
`M
`Qos
`
`komment
`2
`M
`
`14,1
`
`X
`X2
`M
`X
`
`A ,
`
`SORT
`
`Generate New ( 4,1-12
`
`individuals with conditional
`Prob . Vector
`
`1124
`
`Convergence
`Criterion Satisfied
`
`YES
`
`TERMINATE
`
`1116
`
`NO
`
`1118
`
`Update Generation Counter
`1 = 1 of 1
`
`1122
`
`1120
`
`[ = P ( X , X2 , L , X # DRUS 191-1 )
`
`Select 17 Best
`Individual
`
`1
`2
`M
`
`X
`X ,
`M
`17 , | X 2
`
`Qos ,
`QoS ,
`M
`Qos nil
`
`A , is Set of Individuals ( population )
`Individual X , = ( x7 , X2 .... , X # Drus ) , x ; € { Sym sec tor " n " from BTS " m " }
`FIG . 11
`
`

`

`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`A
`
`1
`OPTIMIZATION OF TRAFFIC LOAD IN
`DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM
`
`2
`plurality of DAUs are coupled and operable to route signals
`between the plurality of DAUs . The system also includes a
`plurality of Digital Remote Units ( DRUS ) coupled to the
`plurality of DAUs and operable to transport signals between
`CROSS - REFERENCES TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`5 DRUs and DAUs and one or more Base Transceiver Stations
`( BTSs ) . The system further includes a traffic monitoring
`unit .
`This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
`Numerous benefits are achieved by way of the present
`Application No. 61 / 678,016 , filed on Jul . 31 , 2012 , entitled
`“ Optimization of Traffic Load in a Distributed Antenna
`invention over conventional techniques . For example ,
`System , ” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by 10 embodiments of the present invention provide for traffic
`reference in its entirety for all purposes .
`monitoring in a DAS network , improving network perfor
`mance and user experience . These and other embodiments of
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`the invention along with many of its advantages and features
`The present invention generally relates to wireless com- 15 are described in more detail in conjunction with the text
`below and attached figures .
`munication systems employing Distributed Antenna Sys
`tems ( DAS ) as part of a distributed wireless network . More
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`specifically , the present invention relates to a DAS utilizing
`traffic monitoring and optimization . Wireless network opera
`FIG . 1 is a block diagram according to one embodiment
`tors faces the continuing challenge of building networks that 20
`of the invention showing the basic structure and an example
`effectively manage high data - traffic growth rates . Mobility
`of the transport routing , traffic monitoring and network
`and an increased level of multimedia content for end users
`optimization based on having a single 3 sector BTS with 3
`typically employs end - to - end network adaptations that sup
`DAUs and 7 DRUs daisy chained together for each cell .
`port new services and the increased demand for broadband
`FIG . 2 is a block diagram according to one embodiment
`and flat - rate Internet access . One of the most difficult 25
`of the invention showing the basic structure for a frequency
`challenges faced by network operators is caused by the
`reuse pattern of N = 1 and an example of the transport
`physical movement of subscribers from one location to
`routing , traffic monitoring and network optimization based
`another , and particularly when wireless subscribers congre
`gate in large numbers at one location . A notable example is
`on having a single 3 sector BTS with 3 DAUs and 7 DRUS
`a business enterprise facility during lunchtime , when a large 30 daisy chained together for each cell .
`number of wireless subscribers visit a lunch room or caf
`FIG . 3 is a block diagram according to one embodiment
`eteria location in the building . At that time , a large number
`of the invention showing the basic structure and an example
`of subscribers have moved away from their offices and usual
`of the transport routing , traffic monitoring and network
`work areas . It's likely that during lunchtime , there are many
`optimization based on having multiple 3 sector BTSs with 3
`locations throughout the facility where there are very few 35
`DAUs and 7 DRUs daisy chained together for each cell . In
`subscribers . If the indoor wireless network resources were
`this embodiment , multiple three sector base stations are
`properly sized during the design process for subscriber
`connected to a daisy chained DAS network .
`loading as it is during normal working hours when subscrib
`FIG . 4 is a block diagram of a Digital Access Unit ( DAU ) ,
`ers are in their normal work areas , it is very likely that the
`lunchtime scenario will present some unexpected challenges 40 which contains Physical Nodes , a Local Router , and Port
`Traffic Monitoring capability according to an embodiment
`with regard to available wireless capacity and data through
`of the present invention .
`put .
`According to an embodiment of the present invention , a
`FIG . 5 is a block diagram of a Digital Remote Unit
`system for dynamically routing signals in a Distributed
`( DRU ) , which contains Physical Nodes , a Remote Router ,
`Antenna System is provided . The system includes a plurality 45 and Port Traffic Monitoring capability according to an
`of Digital Access Units ( DAU ) . The plurality of DAUs are
`embodiment of the present invention .
`coupled and operable to route signals between the plurality
`FIG . 6 depicts a typical topology where multiple Local
`of DAUs . The system also includes a plurality of Digital
`Routers are interconnected with multiple Remote Routers
`Remote Units ( DRUS ) coupled to the plurality of DAUs and
`along with Traffic monitoring and Network Optimization
`operable to transport signals between DRUs and DAUs . The 50 functionality according to an embodiment of the present
`system further includes one or more Base Transceiver Sta
`invention .
`FIG . 7 depicts a typical topology where multiple Local
`tions ( BTSs ) and one or more traffic monitoring units .
`According to another embodiment of the present inven
`Routers are interconnected with multiple Remote Routers
`tion , a system for dynamically routing signals in a Distrib
`along with Traffic monitoring at each Picocell and Network
`uted Antenna System is provided . The system includes a 55 Optimization functionality according to an embodiment of
`plurality of Digital Access Units ( DAU ) . The plurality of
`the present invention .
`DAUs are coupled and operable to route signals between the
`FIG . 8 depicts a typical topology where multiple Local
`plurality of DAUs . The system also includes a plurality of
`Routers are interconnected with multiple Remote Routers
`Digital Remote Units ( DRUS ) coupled to the plurality of
`along with Traffic monitoring at each Picocell and Network
`DAUs and operable to transport signals between DRUs and 60 Optimization functionality according to an embodiment of
`DAUs and a plurality of Base Transceiver Stations ( BTS ) .
`the present invention .
`The system further includes a plurality of traffic monitoring
`FIG . 9 is a simplified flowchart illustrating a method of
`modules and a network optimization goal and optimization
`optimizing the DAS network according to an embodiment of
`algorithm
`the present invention .
`In an embodiment , a system for dynamically routing 65
`FIG . 10 is a simplified flowchart illustrating a method of
`signals in a Distributed Antenna System is provided and
`calculating KPIs and QoS for a DAS network according to
`includes a plurality of Digital Access Units ( DAUs ) . The
`an embodiment of the present invention .
`
`

`

`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`3
`FIG . 11 is a simplified flowchart illustrating an optimi
`zation algorithm according to an embodiment of the present
`invention .
`
`4
`interference to outdoor macro cell sites , and ensuring proper
`intra - system handovers while indoors and while moving
`from outdoors to indoors ( and vice - versa ) . The process of
`performing such deployment optimization is frequently
`5 characterized as trial - and - error . Therefore , the results may
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`not be consistent with a high quality of service .
`INVENTION
`Based on the conventional approaches described herein , it
`is apparent that a highly efficient , easily deployed and
`To accommodate variations in wireless subscriber loading
`dynamically reconfigurable wireless network is not achiev
`at wireless network antenna locations at various times of day
`and for different days of the week , there are several candi- 10 able with conventional systems and capabilities . Embodi
`ments of the present invention substantially overcome the
`date conventional approaches .
`One approach is to deploy many low - power high - capacity
`limitations of the conventional approach discussed above .
`base stations throughout the facility . The quantity of base
`The advanced system architecture provided by embodiments
`stations
`determined based on the coverage of each base
`of the present invention provides a high degree of flexibility
`station and the total space to be covered . Each of these base 15 to manage , control , enhance and facilitate radio resource
`stations is provisioned with enough radio resources , i.e. ,
`efficiency , usage and overall performance of the distributed
`capacity and broadband data throughput to accommodate the
`wireless network . This advanced system
`architecture
`maximum subscriber loading which occurs during the
`enables specialized applications and enhancements includ
`course of the workday and work week . Although this
`ing , but not limited to , flexible simulcast , automatic traffic
`approach typically yields a high quality of service for 20 load balancing , network and radio resource optimization ,
`wireless subscribers , the notable disadvantage of this
`network calibration , autonomous / assisted commissioning ,
`approach is that many of the base stations ' capacity is being
`carrier pooling , automatic frequency selection , radio fre
`wasted for a large part of the time . Since a typical indoor
`quency carrier placement , traffic monitoring , and / or traffic
`wireless network deployment involves capital and opera
`tagging . Embodiments of the present invention can also
`tional costs which are assessed on a per - subscriber basis for 25 serve multiple operators , multi - mode radios ( modulation
`each base station , the typically high total life cycle cost for
`independent ) and multiple frequency bands per operator to
`a given enterprise facility is far from optimal .
`increase the efficiency and traffic capacity of the operators '
`A second candidate approach involves deployment of a
`wireless networks .
`DAS along with a centralized group of base stations dedi
`Accordingly , embodiments of this architecture provide a
`cated to the DAS . A conventional DAS deployment falls into 30 capability for Flexible Simulcast . With Flexible Simulcast ,
`one of two categories . The first type of DAS is “ fixed ” ,
`the amount of radio resources ( such as RF carriers , LTE
`where the system configuration doesn't change based on
`Resource Blocks , CDMA codes or TDMA time slots )
`time of day or other information about usage . The remote
`assigned to a particular DRU or group of DRUs can be set
`units associated with the DAS are set up during the design
`via software control to meet desired capacity and throughput
`process so that a particular block of base station radio 35 objectives or wireless subscriber needs . Applications of the
`resources is thought to be enough to serve each small group
`present invention are suitable to be employed with distrib
`of DAS remote units . A notable disadvantage of this
`uted base stations , distributed antenna systems , distributed
`approach is that most enterprises seem to undergo frequent
`repeaters , mobile equipment and wireless terminals , por
`re - arrangements and re - organizations of various staff groups
`table wireless devices , and other wireless communication
`within the enterprise . Therefore , it's highly likely that the 40 systems such as microwave and satellite communications .
`initial DAS setup will need to be changed from time to time ,
`According to an embodiment of the present invention , a
`requiring deployment of additional direct staff and contract
`traffic monitoring unit is provided as a component of one or
`resources with appropriate levels of expertise regarding
`more elements of the system , enabling measurement of the
`network traffic in the network . A network optimization goal
`wireless networks .
`The second type of DAS is equipped with a type of 45 and optimization algorithm is also provided so that based on
`network switch which allows the location and quantity of
`traffic measurements , which is typically a function of the
`DAS remote units associated with any particular centralized
`number of users on the system , performance of the network
`base station to be changed manually . Although this approach
`is optimized using the goal and associated algorithm .
`would appear to support dynamic DAS reconfiguration
`As an example of traffic monitoring , the system could
`based on the needs of the enterprise or based on time of day , 50 track the power of the down link or the power of the uplink .
`it frequently implies that additional staff resources would
`Another example , would include some signal processing ,
`need to be assigned to provide real - time management of the
`including examining certain control signals , for example ,
`network . Another issue is that it's not always correct or best
`pilot signals sent by mobile devices . By locking onto these
`to make the same DAS remote unit configuration changes
`control signals , the traffic monitor can obtain information on
`back and forth on each day of the week at the same times of 55 the number of users using various components of the system .
`day . Frequently it is difficult or impractical for an enterprise
`A distributed antenna system ( DAS ) provides an efficient
`IT manager to monitor the subscriber loading on each base
`means of utilization of base station resources . The base
`station . And it is almost certain that the enterprise IT
`station or base stations associated with a DAS can be located
`manager has no practical way to determine the loading at a
`in a central location and / or facility commonly known as a
`given time of day for each DAS remote unit ; they can only 60 base station hotel . The DAS network comprises one or more
`guess the percentage loading .
`digital access units ( DAUS ) that function as the interface
`Another major limitation of conventional DAS deploy
`between the base stations and the digital remote units
`ments is related to their installation , commissioning and
`( DRUS ) . The DAUs can be collocated with the base stations .
`optimization process . Some challenging issues which must
`The DRUs can be daisy chained together and / or placed in a
`be overcome include selecting remote unit antenna locations 65 star configuration and provide coverage for a given geo
`to ensure proper coverage while minimizing downlink inter
`graphical area . The DRUs are typically connected with the
`ference from outdoor macro cell sites , minimizing uplink
`DAUs by employing a high - speed optical fiber link . This
`
`

`

`US 10,506,454 B2
`
`5
`6
`area , which is identified as a Cell . Although embodiments
`approach facilitates transport of the RF signals from the base
`are discussed in terms of optimization of DAS networks , the
`stations to a remote location or area served by the DRUS . A
`term optimization is properly understood to include perfor
`typical base station comprises 3 independent radio
`mance improvements in comparison to conventional sys
`resources , commonly known as sectors . These 3 sectors are
`typically used to cover 3 separate geographical areas without 5 tems , even if complete optimization is not achieved . Thus ,
`creating co - channel interference between users in the 3
`optimization does not require the maximum values for traffic
`management metrics , but also includes distribution of traffic
`distinct sectors .
`Traffic monitoring in a DAS network is provided by
`that improves system performance while remaining short of
`embodiments of the present invention , which has not been
`maximum performance .
`performed in conventional systems . As described herein , the 10
`FIG . 1 depicts a DAS system employing multiple Digital
`traffic monitoring unit can be implemented as a stand - alone
`Remote Units ( DRUS ) and multiple Digital Access Units
`unit in conjunction with one or more system components ,
`( DAUS ) . In accordance with the present invention , each
`including DAUS , DRUS , a BTS , a BTS hotel , or the like .
`DRU provides unique information associated with each
`Once traffic resources are aggregated into eNodeB hotels ,
`DRU which uniquely identifies uplink data received by that
`the discrete resources of a single eNodeB are still allocated 15 particular Digital Remote Unit .
`to a specific set of antennas associated with that eNodeB and
`One feature of embodiments of the present invention is
`providing coverage to a specific geographic area . The traffic
`the ability to route Base Station radio resources among the
`resources are fixed , i.e. , only the resources associated with
`DRUs or group ( s ) of DRUs . In order to route radio resources
`a specific eNodeB can be allocated to the antennas associ
`available from one or more Base Stations , it is desirable to
`ated with that eNodeB . However , because the eNodeBs are 20 configure the individual router tables of the DAUs and
`collocated in an eNodeB hotel , the system can use the
`DRUs in the DAS network . This functionality is provided by
`aggregated traffic resources of the discrete eNodeBs as a
`embodiments of the present invention .
`single , pooled traffic resource that can be allocated accord
`The DAUs are networked together to facilitate the routing
`ing to various algorithms . Assumptions are typically predi
`of DRU signals among multiple DAUs . The DAUs support
`cated on worst - case traffic assets in all areas , network design 25 the transport of the RF downlink and RF uplink signals
`is wasteful 99 percent of the time , inevitably resulting in
`between the Base Station and the DRUs . This architecture
`over- or under - provisioning of fixed resources . Traffic
`enables the various Base Station signals to be transported to
`resources either go unused ( idle channels ) , or are under
`and from multiple DRUS . PEER ports are used for inter
`provisioned and are insufficient to handle the offered traffic .
`connecting DAUs and interconnecting DRUS .
`Both circumstances give rise to the same outcome : lost 30
`The DAUs have the capability to control the gain ( in small
`revenue and lost opportunity . When a site's traffic resources
`increments over a wide range ) of the downlink and uplink
`are idle and unused , the traffic asset fails to provide an
`signals that are transported between the DAU and the base
`optimal return on investment . But a site that lacks sufficient
`station ( or base stations ) connected to that DAU . This
`capacity to support the offered traffic at any point during the
`capability provides flexibility to simultaneously control the
`day garners dropped calls , lost revenue opportunity , and 35 uplink and downlink connectivity of the path between a
`dissatisfied customers . The traffic information derived from
`particular DRU ( or a group of DRUs via the associated DAU
`an extensive sensor network will be used to dynamically
`or DAUS ) and a particular base station sector .
`allocate the traffic resources to the required geographical
`Embodiments of the present invention use router tables to
`areas only for the time period the service is needed . Once the
`configure the networked DAUs . The local router tables
`service is supplied and the traffic sensor network determines 40 establish the mapping of the inputs to the various outputs .
`that the traffic resources are no longer required , they are
`Internal Merge blocks are utilized for the Downlink Tables
`returned to the resource pool for reallocation . The entire
`when the inputs from an External Port and a PEER Port need
`network automatically reconfigures itself based on the per
`to merge into the same data stream . Similarly , Merge blocks
`ceived ( sensed ) need or in the event of disruption due to
`are used in the Uplink Tables when the inputs from the LAN
`natural or manmade events . Geographic load balancing 45 Ports and PEER Ports need to merge into the same data
`using DAS is recognized as a new approach for traffic load
`stream .
`balancing which provides dynamic load redistribution in real
`The remote router tables establish the mapping of the
`time according to the current geographic traffic conditions .
`inputs to the various outputs . Internal Merge blocks are
`It can be used to improve the performance for any distrib
`utilized for the Downlink Tables when the inputs from a
`uted systems containing non - uniformly distributed traffic , 50 LAN Port and a PEER Port need to merge into the same data
`especially for resolving traffic hot spots .
`stream . Similarly , Merge blocks are used in the Uplink
`The network's performance ( expressed by the number of
`Tables when the inputs from the External Ports and PEER
`KPIs ( Key Performance Indicators ) from different parts of
`Ports need to merge into the same data stream .
`the network ) determines the QoS values . Different operators
`As shown in FIG . 1 , the individual base station sector's
`may have different defined business goals and different 55 radio resources are transported to a daisy - chained network
`services of interest . Based on these considerations , efficient
`of DRUs . Each individual sector's radio resources provide
`and cost

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket