IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARKOFFICE
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`DW-1022P
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`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION
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`FOR
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`UNITED STATES PATENT
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`FOR
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`NEUTRAL HOST ARCHITECTURE FORA DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM
`
`INVENTORS
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`Paul Lemson, Citizen of the United States
`
`ShawnPatrick Stapleton, Citizen of Canada
`
`Sasa Trajkovic, Citizen of Canada
`
`SPECIFICATION
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`RELATED APPLICATIONS
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`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
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`[001]
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`The present invention generally relates to wireless communication
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`systems employing Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS). More specifically, the
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`present invention relates to a DAS whichis part of a distributed wireless network
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`basestation in whichall radio-related functions that provide network coverage
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`and/or capacity for a given area are contained in a small single unit that can be
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`deployed in a location remote from the remaining distributed wireless network
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`basestation unit or units which are not performing radio-related functions. Multi-
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`mode radios capable of operating according to GSM, HSPA, LTE, TD-SCDMA,
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`UMTSand WiMAX standards with advanced software configurability are
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`features in the deployment of more flexible and energy-efficient radio networks.
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`The present invention can also serve multiple operators and multi-frequency
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`bands per operator within a single DAS to reduce the costs associated with radio
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`network equipment and radio network deployment.
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`[002] Wireless and mobile network operators face the continuing challenge
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`of building networksthat effectively manage high data-traffic growth rates.
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`Mobility and an increased level of multimedia content for end users requires
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`end-to-end network adaptations that support both new services and the
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`increased demand for broadband andflat-rate Internet access. In addition,
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`network operators must consider the most cost-effective evolution of the
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`networks towards 4G and other advanced network capabilities. Wireless and
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`mobile technology standards are evolving towards higher bandwidth
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`requirements for both peak rates and cell throughput growth. The latest
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`standards supporting these higher bandwidth requirements are HSPA+, WiMAX,
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`TD-SCDMAand LTE. The network upgrades required to deploy networks based
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`on these standards must deal with the limited availability of new spectrum,
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`leverage existing spectrum, and ensure operation of all desired wireless
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`technology standards. The processes of scarce resource optimization while
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`ensuring a future-proof implementation must both take place at the same time
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`during the transition phase, which usually spans many years and thus can
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`encompass numerous future developments. Distributed open basestation
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`architecture concepts have evolvedin parallel with the evolution of the various
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`technology standards to provide a flexible, lower-cost, and more scalable
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`modular environment for managing the radio access evolution. Such advanced
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`base station architectures can generally be appreciated from Figure 1 [PRIOR
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`ART], which showsan architecture for a prior art Distributed Wireless Network
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`Base Station. In Figure 1, 100 is a depiction of a Distributed Wireless Network
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`Base Station. The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) or Digital Access Unit (DAU)
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`101 coordinates the communication between the Remote Radio Head Units 102,
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`103 and the Base Station Controller (BSC). The BTS communicates with
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`multipole Remote Radio Heads via optical fiber. For example, the Open Base
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`Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI), the Common Public Radio Interface
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`(CPRI), and the IR Interface standards introduced publicly-defined interfaces
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`separating the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) or Digital Access Unit and the
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`remote radio head unit (RRU) parts of a base station by employing optical fiber
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`transport.
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`[003]
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`The RRU concept constitutes a fundamental part of an advanced
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`state-of-the-art base station architecture. RRU-based system implementation is
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`driven by the need to achieve consistent reductions in both Capital Expenses
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`(CAPEX) and Operating Expenses (OPEX), and enable a more optimized,
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`energy-efficient, and greener base deployment. An existing application employs
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`an architecture where a 2G/3G/4G base station is connected to RRUs over
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`multiple optical fibers. Either CPRI, OBSAI or IR Interfaces may be used to carry
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`RF data to the RRUs to cover a sectorized radio network coverage area
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`corresponding to a radio cell site. A typical implementation for a three-sector
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`cell employs three RRU’s. The RRU incorporates a large numberofdigital
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`interfacing and processing functions. However, commercially available RRU’s
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`are power inefficient, costly and inflexible. Their poor DC-to-RF power
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`conversion insures that they will need to have a large mechanical housing to
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`help dissipate the heat generated. Tne demands from wireless service providers
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`for future RRU’s also includes greaterflexibility in the RRU platform, which is not
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`presently available. As standards evolve, there will be a need for multi-band
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`RRUs that can accommodate two or more operators using a single wideband
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`poweramplifier. Co-locating multiple operators in one DAS system would reduce
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`the infrastructure costs and centralize the Remote Monitoring Function of
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`multiple Operators on the Network. To accommodate multiple operators and
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`multiple bands per operator would require a very high optical data rate to the
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`RRUs which is not achievable with prior art designs.
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`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
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`[004]
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`The present invention substantially overcomes the limitations of the
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`prior art discussed above. Accordingly, it
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`is an object of the present invention to
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`provide a high performance, cost-effective DAS system, architecture and
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`method for an RRU-based approach which enables each of multiple operators to
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`use multi-frequency bands. The present disclosure enables a RRUto befield
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`reconfigurable, as presented in US Patent application US 61/172,642 (DW-
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`1016P), filed 4/24/2009, entitled Remotely Reconfigurable Power Amplifier
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`System and Method, US Patent application US 12/108,502 (DW-10110U),filed
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`4/23/2008, entitled Digital Hybrid Mode Power Amplifier System, US Patent
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`application SN 61/288 ,838 (DW-1018P), filed 12/21/2009, entitled Multi-band
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`Wideband Power Amplifier Digital Predistortion System, US Patent application
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`SN 61/288,840 (DW-1019P), filed 12/21/2009, entitled Remote Radio Head Unit
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`with Wideband Power Amplifier and Method, US Patent application SN
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`61/288,844 (DW-1020P), filed 12/21/2009, entitled Modulation Agnostic Digital
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`Hybrid Mode Power Amplifier System, and US Patent application SN
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`61/288,847 (DW-1021P), filed 12/21/2009, entitled High Efficiency Remotely
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`Reconfigurable Remote Radio Head Unit System and Method for Wireless
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`Communications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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`In addition,
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`the system and method of the present invention supports multi-modulation
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`schemes (modulation-independent), multi-carriers, multi-frequency bands, and
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`multi-channels. To achieve the above objects, the present invention maximizes
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`the data rate to the Remote Radio Head Unit in a cost effective architecture.
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`Figures 2 and 3 depict a low power RRU and high power RRU. The RRUs
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`depicted in Figures 2 and 3 can be extended to a multi-band and multi-channel
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`configuration. Multi-oand implies more than two frequency bands and multi-
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`channel implies more than one output to an antenna system. Various
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`embodiments of the invention are disclosed.
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`[005]
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`An embodimentof the present invention utilizes a RRU Access
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`Module. The objective of the access module is to de-multiplex and multiplex high
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`speed data to achieve aggregate data rates sufficient for operation of a plurality
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`of RRU Band Modules which are geographically distributed. An alternative
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`embodiment of the present invention utilizes the physical separation of the RRU
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`Band Modules from the RRU Access Module using an optical fiber cable,
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`Ethernet cables, RF cable and any other form of connection between the
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`modules. In an alternative embodiment, a Remote Radio Unit comprised of one
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`or more RRU Band Modules may be collocated with the antenna or antennas. In
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`a further alternative embodiment, the RRU Access Module can also supply DC
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`poweron the interconnection cabling.
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`In other aspects of the invention, control
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`and measurementalgorithms are implemented to permit improved network
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`deployment, network management, and optimization.
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`[006]
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`Applications of the present invention are suitable to be employed with
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`all wireless base-stations, remote radio heads, distributed base stations,
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`distributed antenna systems, access points, repeaters, distributed repeaters,
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`optical repeaters, digital repeaters, mobile equipment and wireless terminals,
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`portable wireless devices, and other wireless communication systems such as
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`microwave and satellite communications. The present invention is also field
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`upgradable through a link such as an Ethernet connection to a remote
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`computing center.
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`[007]
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`Appendix | is a glossary of terms used herein, including acronyms.
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`THE FIGURES
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`[008]
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`Further objects and advantages of the present invention can be more
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`fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with
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`the accompanying drawings in which:
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`[009]
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`Figure 1 [PRIOR ART] is a block diagram showing the basic structure
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`of a prior art Distributed Wireless Base Station system.
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`[0010]
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`Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a multi-channel High Power
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`Remote Radio Head Unit according to one embodimentof the present invention.
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`[0011]
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`Figure 3 is a block diagram multi-channel High Power Remote Radio
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`Head Unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
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`[0012]
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`Figure 4 is a block diagram of a Remote Radio Head Unit high level
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`system of the present invention.
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`[0013]
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`Figure 5 is a block diagram of the Remote Radio Head Unit Access
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`Module of the present invention.
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`[0014]
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`Figure 6 is a Remote Radio Head Unit Band Module according to one
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`embodiment of the present invention.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
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`[0015] The presentinvention is a novel Distributed Antenna System that
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`utilizes a high speed Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module interconnected
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`with Remote Radio Head Unit Band Module.
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`[0016]
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`An embodiment of a Remote Radio Head Unit in accordance with the
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`invention is shownin Figure 2. Fiber 1, indicated at 200A,is a high speed fiber
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`cable that transports data between the BTS and the Remote Radio Head Unit.
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`Fiber 2, indicated at 200B, is used to daisy chain other remote radio head units
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`which are thereby interconnected to the BTS or DAU. The software-defined
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`digital platform 216 performs baseband signal processing, typically in an FPGA
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`or equivalent. Building block 203 is a Serializer/Deserializer. The deserializer
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`portion extracts the serial input bit stream from the optical fiber 201 and converts
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`it into a parallel bit stream. The serializer portion performs the inverse operation
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`for sending data from the Remote Radio Head Unit to the BTS. In an
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`embodiment, the two distinct bit streams communicate with the BTS using
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`different optical wavelengths over one fiber, although multiple fibers can be used
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`in alternative arrangements. The deframer 204 deciphersthe structure of the
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`incoming bit stream and sends the deframed data to the Crest Factor Reduction
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`Algorithm 209. The Crest Factor Reduction block 209 reduces the Peak-to-
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`Average Ratio of the incoming signal so as to improve the Power amplifier DC-
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`to-RF conversionefficiency. The waveform is then presented to the Digital
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`Predistorter block 208. The digital predistorter compensates for the
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`nonlinearities of the Power Amplifier 221 in an adaptive feedback loop. Digital
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`Upconverter 210 filters and digitally translates the deframed signal to an IF
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`frequency. The Framer 204 takes the data from the two digital downconverters
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`206, 207 and packsit into a Frame for transmission to the BTS over the optical
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`fiber 201. Elements 211 and 212 are Analog to Digital converters that are used
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`to translate the two analog receive signals into digital signals. The receiver
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`comprisesa diversity branch which contains a downconverter 217 and a Band
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`Pass Filter 223. The main branch has a receiver path comprised of a duplexer
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`224 and a downconverter 218.
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`[0017] The power amplifier has an output coupler for extracting a replica of
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`the output signal in the feedback path. The feedback signal is frequency-
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`translated by downconverter 219 to either an IF frequency or baseband and
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`presented to an Analog to Digital converter 213. This feedback signal is used in
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`an adaptive loop for performing Digital Predistortion to compensate for any
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`nonlinearities created by the power amplifier.
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`[0018] The Ethernet cable is used to locally communicate with the Remote
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`Radio Head Unit. Switch 226 is used to allow easy accessto either the FPGA or
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`the CPU. DC powerconverters 228 and 229 are used to obtain the desired DC
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`voltages for the Remote Radio Head Unit. Either an external voltage can be
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`connected directly into the RRU or the DC power may be supplied through the
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`Ethernet cable.
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`[0019] Although the description of the instant embodiment is directed to an
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`application where a second optical fiber connection provides a capability for
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`daisy chaining to other Remote Radio Head Units, an alternative embodiment
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`provides multiple optical fiber connections to support a modified “hybrid star”
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`configuration for appropriate applications which dictate this particular optical
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`transport network configuration.
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`[0020]
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`Figure 3 depicts a remote radio head unit. In at least some designs,
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`this architecture offers benefits when the RF output poweris relatively low.
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`In
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`the embodiment shownin Figure 3, digital predistrortion and crest factor
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`reduction are not employed as was the casein Figure 2._ Even though this
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`topology shows a non-diversity configuration, a diversity receive branch can be
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`added along with an additional transmitter path for development of a Multiple
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`Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Remote Radio Head Unit.
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`[0021] The Remote Radio Head Unit high level system is shown in Figure 4.
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`It comprises a Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module 400 which
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`communicates directly with the BTS or DAU. The function of the Remote Radio
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`Head Unit Access Module 400is to route the high speed data (at any desired
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`speed, e.g., such as 10 Gbpsasillustrated in Fig. 4) (the “Data Speed”) to the
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`multipole Remote Radio Head Unit Band Modules andallowsfor local
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`communications with them via Ethernet. A backplane 401 is used to
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`interconnect the Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module 400 with the various
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`Remote Radio Head Unit Band Modules 402,403,404,405 at any speed lower
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`than the Data Speed (e.g., less than or equal to 3Gbpsasillustrated in Fig. 4).
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`The output ports of the Remote Radio Head Unit Band Modules are combined
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`and sent to an antenna for transmission. An alternative embodiment is described
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`as follows. Although the description of instant embodimentis directed to
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`applications for up to four Remote Radio Head Unit Band Modules, an
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`alternative embodimentinvolves feeding a much larger quantity of Remote
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`Radio Head Unit Band Modules with signals of various bandwidths at various
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`frequency bands covering multiple octaves of frequency range, to support a wide
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`range of applications including location-based services, mobile internet, public
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`safety communications, private enterprise telecommunications and broadband,
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`and other wireless applications. The system can in theory support aninfinite
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`quantity of RRUs. Also, the Remote Radio Head Unit Band Modules may be set
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`up remotely to have RF power values selected based on the specific desired
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`applications as well as location-specific radio signal propagation factors. A
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`further alternative embodiment leveragesthe flexibility of the architecture shown
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`in Figure 4 to provide a capability known as Flexible Simulcast. With Flexible
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`Simulcast, the amount of radio resources (such as RF carriers, CDMA codesor
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`TDMAtimeslots) assigned to a particular RRU or group of RRUs by each RRU
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`Access Module can be set via software control to meet desired capacity and
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`throughput objectives or wireless subscriber needs.
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`[0022] The detailed topology of the Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module
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`is shown in Figure 5. It comprises a Small form Factor Pluggable optic
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`transceiver (SFP) 500 which operates on twodistinct wavelengths, one for
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`communicating from the BTS to the Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module
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`and the other for communicating in the opposite direction. The SFP contains a
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`Laser Diode for converting the electronic signal to a digital optical signal and an
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`Optical detector for converting the digital optical signal into an electronic signal.
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`A multiplexer/demultiplexer 501 converts the high speed data to multiple lower
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`speed data paths for delivery to a FPGA 502. The multiplexer/demultiplexer 501
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`performs the opposite function when data is being sent back to the BTS or DAU.
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`The framer/deframer 503 routes the data to the appropriate Remote Radio Head
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`Unit Band Modules. An additional multiplexer/demultiplexer 506 allowsfor
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`further expansion of lower speed Remote Radio Head Units. The number of
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`Remote Radio Head units is only limited by the capability of the FPGA. Local
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`communication with the Remote Radio Head Unit’s Access Module’s FPGA or
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`the individual Remote Radio Head Unit Band Modules is via an Ethernet
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`connection 508. Although the description of this embodiment is mainly directed
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`to an application where a BTS and/or DAU (or multiple BTS and/or multiple
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`DAU) feeds the Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module, an alternative
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`embodiment is described as follows. The alternative embodiment is one where
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`the digital optical signals fed to the Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module
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`may be generated by an RF-to-Digital interface which receives RF signals by
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`means of one or more antennas directed to one or more basestations located at
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`some distance from the Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module. A further
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`alternative embodiment is one where the signals fed to the Remote Radio Head
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`Unit Access Module may be generated in a combination of ways; some may be
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`generated by an RF-to-Digital interface and some may be generated by a BTS
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`and/or DAU. Some neutral host applications gain an advantage with regard to
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`cost-effectiveness from employing this further alternative embodiment. Although
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`the optical signals fed to the Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module described
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`in the preferred and alternative embodiments are digital; the optical signals are
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`not limited to digital, and can be analog or a combination of analog and digital. A
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`further alternative embodiment employs transport on one or multiple optical
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`wavelengths fed to the Remote Radio Head Unit Access Module.
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`[0023] The Remote Radio Head Unit Band Module is shownin Figure6. It
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`comprises a Software Defined Digital (SDD) section 610 and an RF section 622.
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`An alternative embodiment employs a Remote Antenna Unit comprising a
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`broadband antenna with RRU Band Module Combiner and multiple plug-in
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`module slots, into which multiple RRU Band Modules intended for operation in
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`different frequency bandsare inserted. To provide an overall compact unit with
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`low visual impact, this embodiment employs RRU Band Modules which each
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`have a physically small form factor. One example of a suitably small form factor
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`for the RRU Band Module is the PCMCIA module format. A further alternative
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`embodiment employs RRU Band Modules where each has an integral antenna,
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`and the embodiment does not require a common antenna shared by multiple
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`RRU Band Modules.
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`[0024]
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`In summary,the Neutral Host Distributed Antenna System (NHDAS)
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`of the present invention enables the use of remote radio heads for multi-operator
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`multi-band configurations , which subsequently saves hardware resources and
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`reduces costs. The NHDASsystem is also reconfigurable and remotely field-
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`programmable since the algorithms can be adjusted like softwarein the digital
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`processor at any time.
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`[0025] Moreover, the NHDASsystem is flexible with regard to being able to
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`support various modulation schemes such as QPSK, QAM, OFDM, etc. in
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`CDMA, TD-SCDMA, GSM, WCDMA, CDMA2000, LTE and wireless LAN
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`systems. This means that the NHDASsystem is capable of supporting multi-
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`modulation schemes, multi-bands and multi-operators.
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`[0026] Although the present invention has been described with reference to
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`the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is not limited
`
`to the details described thereof. Various substitutions and modifications have
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`been suggested in the foregoing description, and others will occur to those of
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`ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, all such substitutions and modifications are
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`intended to be embraced within the scopeof the invention as defined in the
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`appendedclaims.
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`What is Claimed is:
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`ABSTRACT
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`A remote radio head unit (RRU) system for achieving high data rate
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`communications in a Distributed Antenna System is disclosed. The Distributed
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`5 Antenna System is configured as a Neutral Host enabling multiple operators to exist
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`on one DASsystem. The present disclosure enables a remote radio head unit to be
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`field reconfigurable and support multi-modulation schemes (modulation-
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`independent), multi-carriers, multi-frequency bands and multi-channels. As a result,
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`the remote radio head system is particularly suitable for wireless transmission
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`systems, such as base-stations, repeaters, and indoor signal coverage systems.
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`APPENDIX|
`
`Glossary of Terms
`
`ACLR
`
`ACPR
`
`ADC
`
`Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio
`Adjacent Channel Power Ratio
`Analog to Digital Converter
`Analog Quadrature Demodulator
`AQDM
`Analog Quadrature Modulator
`AQM
`Analog Quadrature Demodulator Corrector
`AQDMC
`Analog Quadrature Modulator Corrector
`AQMG
`BandpassFilter
`BPF
`CDMACodeDivision Multiple Access
`CFR
`Crest Factor Reduction
`Digital to Analog Converter
`Detector
`Digital Hybrid Mode Power Amplifier
`Digital Down Converter
`Down Converter
`Doherty Power Amplifier
`Digital Quadrature Demodulator
`Digital Quadrature Modulator
`Digital Signal Processing
`Digital Up Converter
`Envelope Elimination and Restoration
`Envelope Following
`Envelope Tracking
`Error Vector Magnitude
`Feedforward Linear Power Amplifier
`Finite Impulse Response
`Field-Programmable Gate Array
`Global System for Mobile communications
`In-phase / Quadrature
`Intermediate Frequency
`Linear Amplification using Nonlinear Components
`Local Oscillator
`
`DAC
`
`DET
`
`DHMPA
`
`DDC
`
`DNC
`
`DPA
`
`DQDM
`DQM
`DSP
`
`DUC
`
`EER
`
`EF
`
`ET
`
`EVM
`
`FFLPA
`
`FIR
`
`FPGA
`
`GSM
`
`I-Q
`IF
`
`LINC
`
`LO
`
`10
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`LPF
`
`MCPA
`
`MDS
`
`40
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`OFDM
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`Low Pass Filter
`Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier
`Multi-Directional Search
`Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
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`PA
`PAPR
`PD
`PLL
`QAM
`QPSK
`RF
`RRH
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`RRU
`
`Power Amplifier
`Peak-to-Average PowerRatio
`Digital Baseband Predistortion
`Phase Locked Loop
`Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
`Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
`Radio Frequency
`Remote Radio Head
`
`Remote Radio Head Unit
`
`SAW
`UMTS
`UPC
`WCDMA
`WLAN
`
`Surface Acoustic WaveFilter
`Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
`Up Converter
`Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
`Wireless Local Area Network
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`Figure 1; PRIOR ART
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`Distributed Wireless Network Base Station
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`100
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`
`
`
`
`102
`Remote Radio Head 1
`
`
`
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`Page 18
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`CommScope Exhibit 1021
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`Page 19
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`CommScopeExhibit 1021
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`Page 20
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`CommScope Exhibit 1021
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`Page 21
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`CommScope Exhibit 1021
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`Page 22
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`CommScope Exhibit 1021
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`Page 23
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`CommScopeExhibit 1021
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