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`
`US009735999B2
`
`( 12 ) United States Patent
`Kummetz et al .
`
`( 10 ) Patent No . :
`( 45 ) Date of Patent :
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`( 56 )
`
`CN
`WO
`WO
`
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5 , 263 , 018 A
`* 11 / 1993 Christopher . .
`6 , 760 , 804 B1 *
`7 / 2004 Hunt . . . . . . . . . .
`7 , 529 , 215 B2
`5 / 2009 Osterling
`7 , 924 , 054 B14 / 2011 Doubler et al .
`2001 / 0055135 Al * 12 / 2001 Sigloch . . . .
`( Continued )
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`101842995
`9 / 2010
`WO2009 / 151893
`12 / 2009
`2012170983
`12 / 2012
`
`370 / 206
`G06F 9 / 541
`370 / 310
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . 359 / 124
`
`( 54 ) DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM
`INTERFACE FOR PROCESSING DIGITAL
`SIGNALS IN
`A STANDARDIZED FORMAT
`
`( 75 ) Inventors : Thomas Kummetz , Forest , VA ( US ) ;
`Christopher G . Ranson , Concord , VA
`( US )
`( 73 ) Assignee : CommScope Technologies LLC ,
`Hickory , NC ( US )
`Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 0 days .
`( 21 ) Appl . No . : 13 / 493 , 060
`( 22 ) Filed :
`Jun . 11 , 2012
`
`( * ) Notice :
`
`( 65 )
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2012 / 0314797 A1
`Dec . 13 , 2012
`
`Related U . S . Application Data
`( 60 ) Provisional application No . 61 / 495 , 093 , filed on Jun .
`9 , 2011 .
`
`( 52 )
`
`( 51 ) Int . CI .
`( 2006 . 01 )
`H04L 27 / 00
`H04L 2734
`( 2006 . 01 )
`H04B 1 / 40
`( 2015 . 01 )
`U . S . CI .
`. . . . . . H04L 27 / 34 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04B 1 / 40
`CPC
`( 2013 . 01 )
`( 58 ) Field of Classification Search
`CPC combination set ( s ) only .
`See application file for complete search history .
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`International Patent Application No . PCT / US2012 / 041829 , Inter
`national Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Jan . 10 , 2013
`( 16 pages )
`( Continued )
`Primary Examiner — Wednel Cadeau
`( 74 ) Attorney , Agent , or Firm — Fogg & Powers LLC
`ABSTRACT
`( 57 )
`An interface is provided for processing digital signals in a
`standardized format in
`a distributed antenna system . One
`example includes a unit disposed in a distributed antenna
`system . The unit includes an interface section and an output
`section . The interface section is configured for outputting a
`first complex digital signal and a second complex digital
`signal . The first complex digital signal is generated from a
`digital signal in a standardized format received from
`a
`digital base station . The output section is configured for
`combining the first complex digital signal and the second
`complex digital signal into a combined digital signal . The
`output section is also configured for outputting the combined
`digital signal . The combined digital signal comprises infor
`mation to be wirelessly transmitted to a wireless user device .
`20 Claims , 10 Drawing Sheets
`
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`

`

`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`Page 2
`
`( 56 )
`
`2011 / 03 10839 A1 *
`2012 / 0027145 A1 *
`2012 / 0039254 A1
`2012 / 0039320 AL
`
`12 / 2011 Kenington et al . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 / 331
`2 / 2012 Uyehara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H04J 3 / 0685
`375 / 356
`2 / 2012 Stapleton et al .
`2 / 2012 Lemson et al .
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`China Patent Office , “ First Office Action for CN Application No .
`201280028091 . 9 ” , “ from Foreign Counterpart to U . S . Appl . No .
`13 / 493 , 060 ” , Mar . 31 , 2016 , pp . 1 - 8 , Published in : CN .
`State Intellectual Property Office of the People ' s Republic of China ,
`“ Notification of the Second Office Action CN Patent Application
`No . 201280028091 . 9 ” , “ from Foreign Counterpart of U . S . Appl .
`No . 13 / 493 , 060 " , Nov . 8 , 2016 , pp . 1 - 5 , Published in : CN .
`European Patent Office , “ Communication pursuant to Article 94 ( 3 )
`EPC for EP Application No . 12733253 . 4 ” , “ from Foreign Counter
`part to U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 493 , 060 ” , dated Feb . 24 , 2017 , pp . 1 - 5 ,
`Published in : EP .
`Adinoyi et al . , “ Cooperative Relaying in Multi - Antenna Fixed
`Relay Networks ” , “ IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communica
`tions ” , Feb . 2007 , pp . 533 - 544 , vol . 6 , No . 2 .
`* cited by examiner
`
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2005 / 0152349 A1 *
`7 / 2005 Takeuchi . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2006 / 0089173 AL
`4 / 2006 Chun
`2007 / 0099667 A1 5 / 2007 Graham et al .
`2008 / 0045254 AL
`2 / 2008 Gupta et al .
`2008 / 0119232 A
`5 / 2008 Oh et al .
`2008 / 0151846 A1 *
`6 / 2008 Scheinert . . . . . . . . . . . . . H04B 7 / 2606
`370 / 338
`2008 / 0181171 A1 7 / 2008 Koziy et al .
`H04J 3 / 1617
`2008 / 0199183 A1 *
`8 / 2008 Liu
`398 / 103
`
`H04J 3 / 12
`370 / 373
`
`2 / 2009 Nawata et al .
`2009 / 0036168 A1
`2009 / 0061940 A1 3 / 2009 Scheinert et al .
`2009 / 0180426 A1 7 / 2009 Sabat et al .
`2009 / 0238566 AL
`9 / 2009 Boldi et al .
`2009 / 0252206 A1 10 / 2009 Rheinfelder et al .
`2010 / 0087227 AL
`4 / 2010 Francos et al .
`2010 / 0246487 AL
`9 / 2010 Aoyama et al .
`2010 / 0278530 A1 * 11 / 2010 Kummetz . . . . . . . . . . . H046 88 / 085
`398 / 41
`2011 / 0032910 AL
`2 / 2011 Aarflot et al .
`2011 / 0070845 Al 3 / 2011 Chen et al .
`
`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 1 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
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`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 2 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
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`
`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 3 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
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`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 4 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
`Transceiver ( s )
`To / From RF
`
`or Expansion Unit ( s )
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`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 5 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
`To backplane 110
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`

`

`atent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 6 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
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`

`

`atent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 7 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
`
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`
`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 8 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
`ooogoooooooooooooooooo
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`atent
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`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 9 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
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`U . S . Patent
`
`Aug . 15 , 2017
`
`Sheet 10 of 10
`
`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
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`

`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
`SUMMARY
`
`30
`
`DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM
`INTERFACE FOR PROCESSING DIGITAL
`SIGNALS IN A STANDARDIZED FORMAT
`CROSS - REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`for coordinating data communication between the base
`transceiver station and the remote radio head . Each data
`packet can also include carrier data , such as voice or other
`information , that is to be transmitted to a wireless user
`5 device .
`Current DASS are unable to communicate with base
`stations that use digital signals in a standardized format . For
`example , interface cards in
`a master unit of a DAS are
`This application claims priority to U . S . Provisional Appli
`unable to process the digital signals in the standardized
`cation Ser . No . 61 / 495 , 093 filed Jun . 9 , 2011 and titled
`“ Distributed Antenna System Interface for Processing Digi - 10 format for use by RF Transceivers that are remote antenna
`tal Signals in a Standardized Format , " the contents of which
`units of a DAS and are unable to provide a suitable response
`are hereby incorporated by reference .
`to the base station providing the signals . Furthermore remote
`radio heads configured to process digital signals in a stan
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`dardized format may be unusable as RF transceivers in a
`DAS .
`The present invention relates generally to telecommuni
`Accordingly , a DAS capable of processing digital signals
`cations and , more particularly ( although not necessarily
`in a standardized format is desirable . A DAS capable of
`exclusively ) , to an interface for processing digital signals in
`in
`communicating with a remote radio head configured to
`a standardized format in a distributed antenna system .
`20 process digital signals in a standardized format is also
`BACKGROUND
`desirable .
`A distributed antenna system ( “ DAS ” ) can be used to
`extend the coverage of a cellular communication system .
`One example includes a unit disposed in a distributed
`For example , a DAS can extend coverage to areas of 25
`antenna system . The unit includes an interface section and
`traditionally low signal coverage within buildings , tunnels ,
`an output section . The interface section is configured for
`or in areas obstructed by terrain features . A DAS can extend
`outputting a first complex digital signal and a second com
`coverage by receiving signals from a base transceiver station
`of a cellular communication system and re - transmitting the
`plex digital signal . The first complex digital signal is gen
`signals directly into low - coverage areas .
`erated from a digital signal in a standardized format received
`A DAS can include a master unit in communication with
`from a digital base station . The output section is configured
`carrier systems , such as base transceiver stations of cellular
`for combining the first complex digital signal and the second
`service providers . The master unit can receive signals from
`complex digital signal into a combined digital signal . The
`one or more base stations via interface devices . A non
`output section is also configured for outputting the combined
`limiting example of an interface device is an interface card . 35 digital signal . The combined digital signal comprises infor
`The master unit can include multiple interface cards , each of
`mation to be wirelessly transmitted to a wireless user device .
`which receives an analog RF signal from an analog base
`Another example includes a digital interface device . The
`station . Interface cards can convert the received analog
`digital interface device includes a physical layer device and
`signals into complex digital signals . The complex digital
`signals from the interface cards can be combined at a 40 a de - framer . The physical layer device is configured for
`receiving a digital signal in a standardized format . The
`backplane of the master unit for transmission to remote
`antenna units as a serialized data stream . The remote antenna
`de - framer is configured for extracting carrier data from the
`units can be physically separate from the master unit , but in
`digital signal in the standardized format . The de - framer is
`communication with the master unit over a serial link . A
`also configured for generating a complex digital signal from
`remote antenna unit can wirelessly communicate informa - 45 the carrier data . The complex digital signal includes a
`tion in the complex digital signals to wireless user devices
`plurality of digital samples representing an in - phase com
`ponent and quadrature component of a signal represented by
`positioned in a coverage area .
`Some base stations output information as digital signals in
`the carrier data .
`Another example includes a distributed antenna system .
`a standardized format . These base stations communicate the
`digital signals in the standardized format to a remote radio 50 The distributed antenna system includes a base station
`head . The remote radio head is in direct communication with
`emulator module and a remote radio head . The base station
`the base station and can include a high power RF transceiver
`emulator module is configured for emulating a source of
`that processes the digital signals in the standardized format
`digital signals in a standardized format . The remote radio
`head is configured for receiving digital signals in the stan
`for transmission to a wireless user device .
`Digital signals in a standardized format can include data 55 dardized format from a digital interface device .
`packets formatted according to standardized telecommuni
`These illustrative aspects and examples are mentioned not
`cation protocols . Non - limiting examples of standardized
`to limit or define the invention , but to aid understanding of
`telecommunication protocols include the Common Public
`the inventive concepts disclosed herein . Other aspects ,
`Radio Interface ( " CPRI ” ) , the Open Radio Equipment Inter -
`advantages , and features of the present invention will
`face ( " ORI ” ) , and the Open Base Station Standard Initiative 60 become apparent after review of the entire disclosure .
`( “ OBSAI ” ) protocols . Base stations communicating such
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`data to remote radio heads expect a response communication
`in
`a conforming format from the remote radio heads to
`FIG . 1 is a schematic view of a distributed antenna system
`coordinate communication or otherwise . Remote radio
`heads can be configured to provide the expected response 65 in which one or more digital interface cards for processing
`communication . In accordance with a standardized commu -
`digital signals in a standardized format can be disposed
`nication protocol , each data packet can include control data
`according to one aspect .
`
`

`

`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
`FIG . 2 is a block diagram of a master unit with an
`or more RF transceivers into uplink digital signals that are
`interface section , an output section , and a backplane accord
`provided to the analog interface card and into uplink digital
`signals that are provided to the digital interface card .
`ing to one aspect .
`FIG . 3 is a partial schematic view of interface cards in the
`A digital interface card according to some aspects can
`5 include a framer / de - framer for extracting carrier data from
`master unit of FIG . 2 according to one aspect .
`FIG . 4 is a partial schematic view of the backplane and
`the data packets of digital signals in the standardized format .
`link interfaces of the master unit of FIG . 2 according to one
`In the downlink direction , the framer / de - framer can convert
`the carrier data into complex digital signals . In the uplink
`aspect .
`FIG . 5 is a block diagram of an interface card of a master
`direction , the framer / de - framer can combine carrier data and
`unit for processing signals in a standardized format accord - 10 control data into data packets forming a digital signal in the
`standardized format . The digital interface card can also
`ing to a second aspect .
`FIG . 6 is a block diagram of a master unit having a base
`include additional circuitry for re - sampling , filtering , and
`station emulator module for communicating with a remote
`adjusting the gain of the complex digital signals for pro
`cessing by a backplane of a master unit .
`radio head according to one aspect .
`FIG . 7 is a block diagram of an expansion unit having a 15
`A DAS can include a link interface for communicating
`base station emulator module for communicating with a
`with one or more RF transceivers . A link interface according
`to some aspects includes a base station emulator module that
`remote radio head according to one aspect .
`FIG . 8 is a block diagram of the base station emulator
`can emulate a source of digital signals in a standardized
`module of FIGS . 6 and 7 according to one aspect .
`format . The base station emulator module can receive sig
`FIG . 9 is a block diagram of a master unit in communi - 20 nals in a non - standardized format and generate signals in the
`cation with multiple digital base stations according to one
`standardized format , including control information . The
`aspect .
`signals in the standardized format can be provided to a
`FIG . 10 is a block diagram of a digital interface card of
`component , such as a remote radio head . Non - limiting
`examples of signals in the non - standardized format can
`FIG . 9 according to one aspect .
`FIG . 11 is a block diagram of a drop / add FIFO and 25 include analog signals and non - standard digital signals . The
`decision circuit that is capable of being included in the
`link interface may also receive uplink signals in the stan
`digital interface card of FIG . 10 according to one aspect .
`dardized format and transform these signals into uplink
`complex digital signals . The link interface having the base
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`station emulator module may be disposed in a master unit or
`30 an expansion unit that is in communication with a master
`Certain aspects and features of the present invention are
`unit .
`directed to a DAS that can process signals received from a
`Detailed descriptions of these aspects are discussed
`base station in a standardized format for wireless transmis -
`below . These illustrative examples are given to introduce the
`sion to a user device ( i . e . downlink ) and can process signals
`reader to the general subject matter discussed here and are
`from the user device into the standardized format for dis - 35 not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed concepts . The
`tribution to the base station ( i . e . uplink ) . The DAS can
`following sections describe various additional aspects and
`include a unit , such as a master unit , that has a digital
`examples with reference to the drawings in which like
`interface card for transforming downlink digital signals in a
`numerals indicate like elements , and directional descriptions
`standardized format into complex digital signals and trans -
`are used to describe the illustrative examples but , like the
`forming uplink complex digital signals into digital signals in 40 illustrative examples , should not be used to limit the present
`the standardized format . A standardized format for digital
`invention .
`signals can include one or more protocols approved by a
`FIG . 1 depicts a DAS 10 having a master unit 14 in which
`standards body and specifying how to communicate pack -
`one or more digital interface cards for processing digital
`etized telecommunications data among devices in a tele -
`signals in a standardized format can be disposed . The DAS
`communications system . Non - limiting examples of stan - 45 10 can be positioned in an area such as a building environ
`dardized formats include signals formatted according to the
`ment to extend wireless communication coverage .
`Common Public Radio Interface ( “ CPRI ” ) protocol , signals
`The DAS 10 can optionally receive downlink analog
`formatted according to the Open Radio Equipment Interface
`signals from at least one analog base station 12 via a wired
`( " ORI ” ) protocol , and signals formatted according to the
`or wireless communication medium . The DAS 10 can also
`Open Base Station Standard Initiative ( " OBSAI ” ) protocol . 50 optionally provide uplink analog signals to the analog base
`The DAS can communicate uplink and downlink signals
`station 12 .
`The DAS 10 can also receive downlink digital signals in
`with a user device as cellular telecommunications .
`In some aspects , the DAS includes a master unit with an
`a standardized format from at least one digital base station
`interface section having multiple interface cards . The inter -
`13 via a wired or wireless communication medium . The
`face cards can include the digital interface card and an 55 DAS 10 can provide uplink digital signals in the standard
`analog interface card . The analog interface card can trans -
`ized format to the digital base station 13 .
`form downlink analog signals received from a base station
`Digital signals in the standardized format can include data
`into complex digital signals . The master unit of a DAS can
`packets formatted according to a standard communication
`also include an output section , such as a backplane , for
`protocol . Each data packet can include one or more data
`combining complex digital signals received from the digital 60 frames . One data frame can include control data . Control
`interface card with complex digital signals received from the
`data can include data for coordinating communication
`analog interface card . The system can output the combined
`between digital base station 13 and a device receiving digital
`digital signals as serialized downlink data to one or more RF
`signals in a standardized format . Another frame can include
`transceivers for wirelessly communicating with user
`carrier data . Carrier data can include voice data and other
`devices . Non - limiting examples of RF transceivers may 65 information data to be transmitted by the DAS 10 from
`include remote antenna units and remote radio heads . The
`digital base station 13 to user devices 22a , 22b . Non - limiting
`backplane can split uplink digital signals received from one
`examples of devices in the DAS 10 that can receive and
`
`

`

`US 9 , 735 , 999 B2
`
`10
`
`stations and combine signals from those digital base stations
`process digital signals in a standardized format are master
`for transport to remote units or remote radio heads without
`units 14 and remote radio heads 19a , 19b .
`combining the signals with signals from an analog base
`The master unit 14 can communicate uplink and downlink
`station or otherwise interfacing with an analog base station .
`signals between analog base station 12 or digital base station
`FIG . 2 depicts an aspect of the master unit 14 having an
`13 and one or more RF transceivers distributed in the 5
`interface section , an output section , and a backplane 110 .
`environment to provide coverage within a service area of the
`The interface section can include an analog interface card
`DAS 10 . The master unit 14 can also provide signals to an
`102 and a digital interface card 104 . In other aspects , the
`expansion unit 16 via a suitable communication medium .
`interface section can include ( i ) the digital interface card 104
`Non - limiting examples of a suitable communication
`( or any number of interface cards ) , but not the analog
`medium include optical fiber or copper cable , such as a
`interface card 102 or ( ii ) any number of digital interface
`coaxial cable . The expansion unit 16 can extend the range of
`cards and analog interface cards . The output section can
`master unit 14 . For example , the master unit 14 may transmit
`include link interfaces 112a - n .
`optical downlink signals over an optical fiber link , or other
`The analog interface card 102 can transform analog
`suitable communication medium , to the expansion unit 16 .
`The expansion unit 16 can convert the optical downlink 15 signals received from analog base station 12 into complex
`signals to electrical downlink signals and provide the elec -
`digital signals . A non - limiting example of a complex digital
`trical downlink signals to additional RF transceivers over a
`signal is a digital I / Q signal that includes complex digital
`copper cable , such as a coaxial cable , or other suitable
`samples . Complex digital samples include samples repre
`senting the in - phase ( “ I ” ) component and quadrature ( “ Q ” )
`communication medium .
`The RF transceivers can include remote units 18a , 18b 20 component of the sampled signal . Complex digital signals
`and remote radio heads 19a , 19b . The RF transceivers can
`can also include digital signals using real samples rather
`communicate with the master unit 14 via any communica -
`than complex samples . A non - limiting example of such a
`tion medium capable of carrying signals between the master
`complex digital signal is a digital I / Q signal with a quadra
`unit 14 and the one or more RF transceivers . Non - limiting
`ture component correlated with the in - phase component
`examples of a suitable communication medium include 25 such that the sampled signal can be accurately represented
`copper wire ( such as a coaxial cable ) , optical fiber , and
`using only real samples .
`microwave link . The RF transceivers can service a number
`The analog interface card 102 can also transform uplink
`of different user devices 22a , 226 , such as cellular phones ,
`digital