(12) United States Patent
`Kummetz et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 9,398.464 B2
`Jul.19, 2016
`
`USOO9398.464B2
`
`(54) BASE STATION ROUTER FOR DISTRIBUTED
`ANTENNASYSTEMS
`
`(75) Inventors: Thomas Kummetz, Forest, VA (US);
`Matthew Melester, McKinney, TX
`(US); Stefan Eisenwinter, Buchdorf
`(DE); Morgan Kurk, Saches, TX (US)
`(73) Assignee: CommScope Technologies LLC,
`Hickory, NC (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 272 days.
`(21) Appl. No.: 13/546,425
`
`CN
`CN
`
`USPC .................................................. 455/446-448
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`(56)
`
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`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`pages).
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner — Charles Appiah
`Assistant Examiner — Jaime Holliday
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Fogg & Powers LLC
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`Certain aspects are directed to a base station router disposed
`in a distributed antenna system. The base station router
`includes a backplane and a controller. The backplane can
`manage an availability of sectors for coverage Zones. Each
`sector can include communication channels to be radiated to
`mobile devices in the coverage Zones and can represent an
`amount of telecommunication capacity. The controller can
`respond to a traffic indicator by causing the backplane to
`redistribute the availability of at least one sector. The sector
`can be redistributed from a first coverage Zone to a second
`coverage Zone.
`20 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jul. 11, 2012
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2013/OO17863 A1
`Jan. 17, 2013
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 61/506,363, filed on Jul.
`11, 2011.
`
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`H04740/00
`HO47 (6/04
`HO47 (6/26
`HO4W 16/06
`HO4W 16/24
`HO4W 88/08
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`CPC .............. H04 W 16/04 (2013.01); H04 W 16/26
`(2013.01); H04 W 16/06 (2013.01); H04 W 16/24
`(2013.01); H04W 88/085 (2013.01)
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC. H04W 16/24: H04W 88/085; H04W 16/06;
`HO4W 72/04
`
`
`
`8ase station
`&on
`
`
`
`4.
`
`;
`
`:
`
`V
`
`Base Station
`2
`
`------
`
`-
`
`loor terface Card k
`
`Sackane :
`
`Ease Station
`2
`
`
`
`O2
`oc :rterface Car
`
`
`
`
`
`3oire:
`
`Giron
`Regie
`Antea
`lini;(s)
`
`&
`
`:
`k-->
`;
`:
`
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`Fcitxi
`Aiteria
`init(s)
`
`Tyron
`S Sasa Saitors
`roster(s)
`
`Tcprofin.
`-) Base Station:
`role(s)
`
`

`

`US 9,398.464 B2
`Page 2
`
`(56)
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`US 9,398.464 B2
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`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 19, 2016
`Jul. 19, 2016
`
`Sheet 1 of 8
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`US 9,398.464 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jul. 19, 2016
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`Sheet 3 of 8
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`US 9,398.464 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sheet 4 of 8
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`US 9,398.464 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jul. 19, 2016
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 19, 2016
`Jul. 19, 2016
`
`Sheet 6 of 8
`Sheet 6 of 8
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`US 9,398.464 B2
`US 9,398,464 B2
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`Page 9
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`CommScope Exhibit 1005
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 19, 2016
`Jul. 19, 2016
`
`Sheet 7 of 8
`Sheet 7 of 8
`
`US 9,398.464 B2
`US 9,398,464 B2
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`Page 10
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`CommScope Exhibit 1005
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 19, 2016
`
`Sheet 8 of 8
`
`US 9,398,464 B2
`
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`Page 11
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`CommScope Exhibit 1005
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`

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`US 9,398,464 B2
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`1.
`BASE STATION ROUTER FOR DISTRIBUTED
`ANTENNASYSTEMS
`
`RELATED APPLICATION
`
`This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
`Application Ser. No. 61/506,363, filed Jul. 11, 2011 and titled
`“Intelligent Point of Interface for Distributed Antenna Sys
`tems, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by ref
`CCC.
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`method also involves receiving a traffic indicator. The method
`also involves, in response to receiving the traffic indicator,
`redistributing the availability of the sector from the first cov
`erage Zone to a second coverage Zone.
`These illustrative aspects and features are mentioned not to
`limit or define the invention, but to provide examples to aid
`understanding of the inventive concepts disclosed in this dis
`closure. Other aspects, advantages, and features of the present
`invention will become apparent after review of the entire
`disclosure.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The present invention relates generally to telecommunica
`tions and, more particularly (although not necessarily exclu
`sively), to a base station router for distributed antenna sys
`temS.
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`
`BACKGROUND
`
`A distributed antenna system (“DAS) can be used to
`extend the coverage of a cellular communication system. For
`example, a DAS can extend coverage to areas of traditionally
`low signal coverage within buildings, tunnels, or in areas
`obstructed by terrain features. Cellular communication sys
`tems can include the capability to provide data services via a
`DAS. In locations with a higher density of wireless devices,
`Such as stadiums, sport arenas, or similar venues, the signal
`capacity needed to provide signal coverage to different physi
`cal areas can change over time. Providing extra signal capac
`ity to Supply the maximum capacity to each section in a
`location with varying numbers of wireless devices or other
`mobile units can be associated with prohibitively high costs.
`Systems that can connect one or more base stations to one
`or more DAS’s to distribute signal capacity adaptively are
`therefore desirable.
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`FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a distributed antenna system
`having a base station router according to one aspect.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a base station router with an
`interface section, an output section, and a backplane accord
`ing to one aspect.
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a controller for configuring a
`base station router according to one aspect.
`FIG. 4 is a modeling diagram of a first configuration of a
`base station router providing sectors to coverage Zones
`according to one aspect.
`FIG. 5 is a modeling diagram of a second configuration of
`a base station router providing sectors to coverage Zones
`according to one aspect.
`FIG. 6 is a block diagram of interconnected base station
`routers according to one aspect.
`FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a base station router configured
`to communicate with other base station routers according to
`One aspect.
`FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a base station router having a
`spectrum analyzer according to one aspect.
`FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a base station router having a
`Zone interface card with a reference receiver input according
`to one aspect.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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`In one aspect, a base station router disposed in a distributed
`antenna system is provided. The base station router includes
`a backplane and a controller. The backplane can manage an
`availability of sectors for coverage Zones. Each sector can
`include communication channels to be radiated to mobile
`devices in the coverage Zones and can represent an amount of
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`telecommunication capacity. The controller can respond to a
`traffic indicator by causing the backplane to redistribute the
`availability of at least one sector. The sector can be redistrib
`uted from a first coverage Zone to a second coverage Zone.
`In another aspect, a distributed antenna system is provided.
`The distributed antenna system includes a first remote
`antenna unit, a second remote antenna unit, and a base station
`router. The first remote antenna unit can wirelessly commu
`nicate with mobile devices located in a first coverage Zone.
`The second remote antenna unit can wirelessly communicate
`with mobile devices located in a second coverage Zone. The
`base station router can distribute an availability of a sector to
`the first remote antenna unit and the second remote antenna
`unit. The sector can include communication channels and
`representanamount of telecommunication capacity. The base
`station router can redistribute the availability of the sector
`from the first remote antenna unit to the second remote
`antenna unit in response to detecting a traffic indicator.
`In another aspect, a method is provided. The method
`involves distributing an availability of a sector to a first cov
`erage Zone. The sector includes communication channels and
`represents an amount of telecommunication capacity. The
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`Certain aspects and examples are directed to a base station
`router, Such as a base station sector router, that can be dis
`posed in a distributed antenna system (“DAS) and that can
`redistribute capacity among coverage Zones serviced by the
`DAS. ADAS can include a unit, such as a base station router,
`in communication with carrier systems, such as base stations
`of cellular service providers. Redistributing capacity can
`include modifying the distribution of sectors to coverage
`Zones of the DAS. A sector can include one or more telecom
`munication channels to be radiated to mobile devices in cov
`erage Zones or otherwise distributed to the coverage Zones,
`thereby providing telecommunication capacity in the cover
`age Zones. The sector can be distributed without further sub
`division.
`The base station router can provide one or more signals,
`Such as analog RF signals or digitized RF signals, over one or
`more communication channels. Such as (but not limited to) a
`serial link, to a set of remote antenna units in the coverage
`Zone. A set of remote antenna units can include one or more
`antenna units.
`In some aspects, the base station router can include features
`of an intelligent point of interface (“I-POI) system. A POI
`system can include a device or group of devices configured to
`interface directly with a base station or a group of base sta
`tions. Such devices can include (but are not limited to) a
`signal leveler, a signal attenuator, a signal splitter, a signal
`combiner, a receive-and-transmit signal combiner, a splitter, a
`multiplexer, and the like. An i-POI system can provide an
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`US 9,398,464 B2
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`intelligent interface for communicating with a base station or
`group of base stations. Providing an intelligent interface can
`include controlling the leveling or attenuation based on base
`station signal conditions. An intelligent interface can also
`include analyzing incoming signals and determination of sys
`tem level parameters based on the analysis.
`A coverage Zone can include one or more remote antenna
`units that provide signal coverage to an area. The remote
`antenna units in a coverage Zone can communicate with the
`base station router over a link. Examples of Such a link can
`include (but are not limited to) a serial link, a digital link, an
`analog link, etc. The remote antenna units can wirelessly
`communicate the signals from the base station router to wire
`less devices positioned in a coverage Zone.
`The base station router can redistribute capacity by chang
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`ing which sectors are provided to which coverage Zones. A
`sector can represent an amount of telecommunication capac
`ity that can be allocated to wireless devices in one or more
`coverage Zones. Increasing the bandwidth associated with a
`sector can increase the capacity represented by the sector. A
`sector can include one or more analog RF channels or digital
`signals representing RF channels, signals in one or more
`analog or digital RF bands, and/or one or more multiple-input
`and multiple-output (“MIMO) data streams.
`The signals of a sector can be provided to a coverage Zone
`via the base station router. The signals of a sector can also be
`distributed to two or more coverage Zones providing coverage
`to a physical area. All of the signals of a sector can be radiated
`by the remote antenna units of one or more coverage Zones
`included in a physical area.
`In some aspects, a first coverage Zone can partially overlap
`a second coverage Zone. The base station router can redistrib
`ute capacity Such that the capacity requirements or capacity
`density match the provided capacity. In other aspects, a first
`coverage Zone can be a Subdivision of a second coverage
`Zone. The base station router can distribute capacity to Sub
`divide a larger cell into Smaller cells. In other aspects, a first
`coverage Zone and a second coverage Zone may not overlap.
`Capacity can be redistributed in whole or in part from the first
`coverage Zone to the second coverage Zone based on the
`second coverage Zone having a greater capacity requirement
`(i.e., a larger number of mobile devices).
`Increasing the number of coverage Zones to which a sector
`is distributed can decrease the capacity density of each cov
`erage Zone. Decreasing the number of coverage Zones to
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`which a sector is distributed can increase the capacity density
`of each Zone. The level of the capacity density can determine
`how many mobile devices can use telecommunication ser
`vices and capacity in a given coverage Zone. In some aspects,
`a maximum capacity density can be achieved by distributing
`the sector to a minimum size coverage Zone. A non-limiting
`example of a minimum size coverage Zone is a single remote
`unit or a single antenna unit.
`The base station router can shift capacity by reducing the
`number of coverage Zones to which a sector is distributed. By
`distributing the sector to fewer coverage Zones (and thus a
`Smaller physical area), the capacity density (i.e., the capacity
`per physical area) is increased. The number of coverage Zones
`to which a base station router distributes sectors can be
`greater than or equal to the number of sectors distributed by
`the base station router.
`An example of shifting capacity can include modifying the
`respective capacity in two coverage Zones. More wireless
`devices may be concentrated in a first Zone than are concen
`trated in a second coverage Zone. The base station router can
`sub-divide a combined coverage Zone including both the first
`coverage Zone and the second coverage Zone. The base station
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`router can shift the distribution of capacity between the two
`coverage Zones Such that the capacity is distributed only to the
`first coverage Zone rather than the combined first and second
`coverage Zones.
`Sectors from base stations associated with different tele
`communications system operators can be distributed to one or
`more common coverage Zones. The base station router can
`allocate the respective capacities of different telecommuni
`cations system operators among coverage Zones Such that
`different capacity densities are associated with different tele
`communication system operators within a specific coverage
`Zone. For example, four sectors of a first telecommunication
`system operator may be distributed among six coverage Zones
`and two sectors of a second telecommunication system opera
`tor may be distributed among the same six coverage Zones.
`The capacity density for the first telecommunication system
`operator thus exceeds the capacity density for the second
`telecommunication system operator in the same physical area
`that includes the six coverage Zones.
`A base station router can include donor interface cards, a
`backplane, and Zone interface cards. A donor interface card
`can interface with a base station for bi-directional communi
`cation of sector signals and can provide the signals of a sector
`to the backplane. The backplane can route signals from donor
`cards to one or more Zone interface cards. The base station
`router can provide signals of a sector via the Zone interface
`card to one or more remote antenna units in a coverage Zone.
`The communication with the backplane can include using
`either analog signals formats or digital signal formats. In
`Some aspects, the routing function can be implemented on
`each Zone interface card by a selection mechanism from
`multiple signals provided by the backplane. In other aspects,
`the routing function can be implemented by a selection
`mechanism residing on the backplane. The routing function
`can be pre-determined, configurable by an operator, or con
`figurable by an algorithm executed by a processing device.
`A base station router can also determine the location of a
`specific wireless device within the environment of the DAS.
`The base station router can communicate with a base station
`to determine an identifier for the specific wireless device. The
`base station router can also determine a channel over which
`the specific wireless device is communicating. A channel can
`include a connection, such as a transmit and receive fre
`quency, over which a wireless device and a base station can
`communicate via the DAS. The base station router can deter
`mine a coverage Zone to which the channel is being provided
`and a specific remote antenna unit in a coverage Zone that is
`associated with the wireless device. The base station router
`can determine which remote antenna unit is associated with
`the wireless device by determining the received signal
`strength indicator “RSSI) of an uplink signal from the wire
`less device at each remote antenna unit. The remote antenna
`unit associated with the wireless device receives the uplink
`signal at the strongest RSSI. The base station router can
`access a data file that includes the location of each remote
`antenna unit to determine, based on which remote antenna
`unit is communicating with the wireless device, the location
`of the wireless device.
`A base station router can also include a separate interface
`card for connecting the base station router to another base
`station router in the DAS. Interconnecting multiple base sta
`tion routers can increase the number of coverage Zones Sup
`ported by a sector. The interconnections between multiple
`base station routers can use different media. Examples of
`interconnections between base station routers can include
`(but are not limited to) wired connections, optical connec
`tions, free-air paths, etc. Examples of wired connections can
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`include (but are not limited to) coaxial cables and twisted pair
`cables. Examples of optical connections can include optical
`fiber or other optical guides. Examples of free-air paths can
`include using radiated RF signals or radiated optical signals.
`Detailed descriptions of these illustrative examples are
`discussed below. These illustrative examples are given to
`introduce the reader to the general Subject matter discussed
`here and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed
`concepts. The following sections describe various examples
`with reference to the drawings in which like numerals indi
`cate like elements, and directional descriptions are used to
`describe the illustrative examples but, like the illustrative
`examples, should not be used to limit the present invention.
`FIG. 1 depicts a DAS 10 having a base station router 14 in
`communication with base stations 12a-n and with remote
`antenna units 18a-p of coverage Zones 16a-f. The DAS 10 can
`be positioned in an area, such as a stadium, office building or
`other confined environments, to extend wireless communica
`tion coverage of the base stations 12a-n. Different base sta
`tions 12a-n can be associated with different sectors of one
`telecommunication system operator and/or be associated
`with different sectors of different telecommunication system
`operators.
`In the downlink direction, the DAS 10 can receive signals
`from the base stations 12a-in via a wired or wireless commu
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`nication medium. Downlink signals can include signals pro
`vided from the base stations 12a-n and radiated into the
`coverage Zones 16a-fby the remote antenna nits 18a-p. The
`downlink signals received by the base station router 14 can be
`associated with one or more sectors from the base stations
`12a-n.
`The base station router 14 can communicate sectors
`between the base stations 12a-n and the coverage Zones 16a-f.