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`US008346091B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Kummetz et al.
`
`(IO) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,346,091 B2
`Jan.1,2013
`
`(54) DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR
`WIRELESS NETWORK SYSTEMS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Thomas Kummetz, Forest, VA (US);
`Donald McAllister, Lynchburg, VA
`(US); Carmine Pagano, Blairstown, NJ
`(US); Hongju Yan, Morganville, NJ
`(US); Dennis M. Cleary, Pittsford, NY
`(US); Van Hanson, Forest, VA (US);
`Mathias Schmalisch, Augsburg (DE);
`Stefan Eisenwinter, Buchdorf (DE)
`
`(73) Assignee: Andrew LLC, Hickory, NC (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 843 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 12/431,872
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Apr. 29, 2009
`
`(65)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2010/0278530 Al
`
`Nov. 4, 2010
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04B 10124
`(2006.01)
`H04B 10102
`(2006.01)
`H04B 7102
`(2006.01)
`H04J 14102
`(2006.01)
`H04L 27100
`(2006.01)
`U.S. Cl. ............ 398/115; 398/41; 398/79; 398/116;
`398/117; 370/276; 370/277
`Field of Classification Search ............ 398/15-117;
`455/3.01, 3.03-3.05, 403, 422.1-426.2
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,621,786 A
`4/1997 Fischer et al.
`5,627,879 A
`5/1997 Russell et al.
`5,642,405 A
`6/1997 Fischer et al.
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`7/1997 Russell et al.
`
`8/1997 Russell et al.
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`9/1998 Raleigh et al.
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`6,205,133 Bl
`3/2001 Bexten
`6,259,910 Bl *
`7/2001 Fairfield et al. ............ 455/422.1
`3/2004 Wala
`6,704,545 Bl
`6,801,767 Bl* 10/2004 Schwartz et al.
`(Continued)
`
`.......... 455/426.2
`
`WO
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`03079645 A2
`9/2003
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Nine-page International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed
`Sep. 1, 2010 for Application No. PCT/US2010/028478.
`
`Primary Examiner - Kenneth N Vanderpuye
`Assistant Examiner - Tanya Ngo
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Kilpatrick Townsend &
`Stockton LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A distributed antenna system is provided for communicating
`with a plurality of base stations. The distributed antenna
`system includes a system controller and a master unit com(cid:173)
`municating with at least one of the plurality of base stations.
`A remote unit communicates over a high data rate media with
`the master unit and/or a downstream remote unit. Alterna(cid:173)
`tively, the distributed antenna system includes a controller
`and a digital time/space crosspoint switch controlled by the
`controller. A digitizing transceiver is in communication with
`the digital time/space crosspoint switch. The crosspoint
`switch is configured to transmit and receive digital data
`through the digitizing transceiver.
`
`29 Claims, 20 Drawing Sheets
`
`44
`
`138 120a 140
`
`136'
`
`142
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`144
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`Page 1
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`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
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`

`

`US 8,346,091 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`8/2005 Kim et al.
`6,937,878 B2
`1112005 Sabat, Jr. et al.
`6,963,552 B2
`412006 Solum
`7,035,671 B2
`512006 Fischer
`7,039,399 B2
`512006 Cagenius
`7,047,028 B2
`7,075,903 Bl
`712006 Solum
`7,103,377 B2
`912006 Bauman et al.
`7,171,244 B2
`112007 Bauman
`212007 Solum
`7,184,728 B2
`10/2009 Wala
`7,610,046 B2
`12/2009 Zavadsky et al.
`7,630,296 B2
`2/2010 Zavadsky
`7,668,153 B2
`8/2010 Conyers et al
`7,787,854 B2
`7,805,073 B2 *
`9/2010 Sabat et al.
`7/2011 Hermel
`7,974,244 B2
`8,175,459 B2 *
`512012 Thelen et al. ................. 398/115
`2003/0007502 Al*
`112003 Dove et al. .................... 370/463
`2003/0185571 Al
`10/2003 Lee et al.
`6/2004 Bauman et al.
`200410106435 Al
`2004/0132474 Al
`7/2004 Wala
`2004/0203339 Al *
`10/2004 Bauman ............................ 455/7
`2004/0223539 Al *
`1112004 Yang ............................. 375/148
`6/2005 Kallstenius
`2005/0123301 Al
`2005/0182760 Al*
`8/2005 Lee et al ........................... 707/3
`
`. .................... 398/5
`
`2007 /0008939 Al *
`2007/0117592 Al*
`2007/0160012 Al
`2007/0195905 Al
`2007 /0264009 Al *
`2007 /0286599 Al
`2008/0145061 Al
`2008/0181282 Al
`2008/0240225 Al
`2008/0242232 Al *
`2009/0075644 Al
`2009/0252205 Al *
`2010/0040372 Al*
`2010/0178936 Al *
`2010/0266287 Al *
`201110045787 Al *
`
`112007 Fischer ......................... 370/338
`5/2007 Bauman ..................... 455/562.1
`7/2007 Liu
`8/2007 Schatz
`1112007 Sabat et al. ....................... 398/5
`12/2007 Sauer et al.
`6/2008 Lee et al.
`7 /2008 Wala et al.
`10/2008 Zavadsky et al.
`10/2008 Zavadsky et al. .......... 455/67.11
`3/2009 Hermel
`10/2009 Rheinfelder et al .......... 375/219
`212010 Gejbrowitz et al
`............ 398/71
`7/2010 Wala et al.
`......... 455/456.2
`10/2010 Adhikari et al. .............. 398/116
`212011 Jin et al. ..................... 455/114.3
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`WO
`2004051322 A2
`6/2004
`WO
`W02004051873
`6/2004
`WO
`2005011151 Al
`212005
`WO
`2005034544 Al
`412005
`WO
`2005099282 Al
`10/2005
`WO
`2006136811 Al
`12/2006
`* cited by examiner
`
`Page 2
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.1,2013
`
`Sheet 1of20
`
`US 8,346,091 B2
`
`34
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`FIG. 1
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 1, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 20
`
`US 8,346,091 B2
`
`
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`
`CommScope Ex. 1032
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`Page 3
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`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.1,2013
`
`Sheet 2of20
`
`US 8,346,091 B2
`
`FIG. 2A
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 1, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 20
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`US 8,346,091 B2
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`Page 4
`
`CommScope Ex. 1032
`
`Page 4
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

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`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
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`Page 6
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.1,2013
`
`Sheet 5of20
`
`US 8,346,091 B2
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`Page 7
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`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
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`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
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`

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`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
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`Page 10
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
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`

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`Page 11
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

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`Page 12
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`1.91P
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`Page 13
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`4a
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`Page 14
`
`CommScope Ex. 1032
`
`Page 14
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
`CONFIGURATION,
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`TO ALL BLOCKS
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`Page 15
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`ALARMS,CONFIG ..-..1 CONTROLLER
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`Page 16
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`42
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`
`Page 17
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`CLOCK
`GENERATOR
`
`CLOCKS TO ALL BLOCKS
`114
`
`~
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`Page 18
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`----- ---------- ------ ----- --------- ----- ------ ---------- -------------- ----- ------ ----- - - - -
`
`CONFIGURATION, ST A TUS &
`CONTROL TO ALL BLOCKS
`104
`
`150a
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`
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`
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`TO REMOTE 44 OR
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`MASTER UNIT 42
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`
`Page 19
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`300,
`
`BASE
`STATION 24 -
`
`BASE
`STATION 24
`
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`
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`
`Page 20
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.1,2013
`
`Sheet 19 of 20
`
`US 8,346,091 B2
`
`332
`
`DIRECT ANALOG-DIGIT AL
`CONVERSION
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`336
`
`FIG. 158
`
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`
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`AND FILTERING
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`ANALOG-DIGIT AL CONVERSION
`AFTER FREQUENCY CONVERSION
`
`OPTIONAL
`334 CONTROLLER - _. CONTROL BUS
`336
`
`FIG. 15C
`
`Page 21
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.1,2013
`
`Sheet 20 of 20
`
`US 8,346,091 B2
`
`OPTIONAL DEDICATED
`BUS LINE 378
`
`310
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`DIGITAL TIME/SPACE
`CROSSPOINT SWITCH -
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`DIGITIZED ANALOG
`SIGNALS AND CONTROL
`SIGNALING FROM
`DIGITIZING TRANSCEIVERS
`OR OTHER DIGIT AL
`CROSSPOINTS
`OPTICAL AND/OR
`ELECTRICAL INTERFACES
`
`148
`150
`
`::::
`
`::::
`
`-
`
`Page 22
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`US 8,346,091 B2
`
`1
`DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR
`WIRELESS NETWORK SYSTEMS
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`2
`Therefore, there is a need in the art for a system that maybe
`used by multiple service providers to extend coverage and
`increase capacity.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention is directed to wireless transceiver
`systems for use in wireless communication systems, and spe(cid:173)
`cifically is directed to a distributed antenna system for the
`wireless transceiver system.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Embodiments of the present invention provide a distrib(cid:173)
`uted antenna system ("DAS") that can be used by multiple
`wireless service providers to increase the capacity and the
`10 coverage area of multiple communication systems without
`the need for each provider to incur the cost of deploying one
`or more micro /pico cells or DAS. To that end, embodiments
`of the invention are capable of simultaneously distributing
`signals between collocated base stations, operated by mul-
`15 tiple service providers, and remote or fixed subscriber units.
`The signals may encompass multiple RF bands, multiple
`channels within those bands, and multiple air interface stan(cid:173)
`dards. Embodiments of the invention may provide to wireless
`service providers a solution that, when compared to micro
`20 cells or pico cells, allows them to cover certain environments
`at a lower cost with similar or even improved signal quality.
`Some embodiments of the distributed antenna system
`include a system controller and a master unit communicating
`with at least one of a plurality of base stations. Remote units
`25 communicate over a high data rate media with the master unit
`and/or another upstream or downstream Remote unit. In some
`embodiments, the remote unit communicates over a digitally
`modulated optical channel with the master unit and/or other
`remote units.
`In other embodiments, the distributed antenna system
`includes a controller and a digital time/space crosspoint
`switch controlled by the controller. A digitizing transceiver is
`in communication with the digital time/space crosspoint
`switch. The crosspoint switch is configured to transmit and
`35 receive digital data through the digitizing transceiver.
`
`30
`
`Contemporary cellular phone systems and broadband
`wireless metropolitan networks 20, as shown in FIG. 1, are
`generally divided into a number of cells 22 distributed in a
`pattern to preclude co-channel interferences and provide cov(cid:173)
`erage of mobile and fixed subscriber units operating within
`the service area of the system. Each cell 22 includes a base
`station 24 that employs radio frequency (RF) transceiver
`equipment, antennas 26, and wire line 28 communication
`equipment. Mobile/fixed subscriber units 30 within the geo(cid:173)
`graphic area of the cell site use RF transceiver equipment to
`communicate with RF transceivers within the base station 24.
`The base station 24 relays voice and data traffic to/from the
`subscriber mobile units or devices (e.g. a phone) 30 and
`to/from a Mobile Telephone Switching Office 32 or Access
`Service Gateway which in tum are connected to a central
`network such as the public switched telephone network
`(PSTN) 34 or packet switched networks such as the Internet,
`for example.
`To improve the capacity of a base station 24 to handle more
`mobile users 30, cells 22 may be divided into sectors 38 or are
`further subdivided into smaller cells with the base station 24
`being replaced with lower cost, reduced capability micro or
`pico cells 36. In some configurations, distributed antenna
`systems (DAS) may be employed to optimize the RF distri(cid:173)
`bution in larger cells in order to increase capacity at an even
`lower cost than with pico and/or micro cells 36. These
`approaches permit the reuse of a limited number of expensive
`RF channels without incurring the costs of one or more com- 40
`plete base stations 24. Further, these techniques may also be
`used to extend coverage to areas within the cell site where RF
`propagation may be limited by obstruction, such as in build(cid:173)
`ings and tunnels, or to areas where the amount of traffic
`(revenue) does not justify the investment required for a com- 45
`plete base station 24. Distributed antenna systems allow the
`RF coverage to be adapted to the specific environment in a
`homogeneous way to assist in reducing the amount of intro(cid:173)
`duced interference. In addition, the amount of extra traffic is
`kept low as only existing cells are distributed and no hand-off 50
`between cells is required.
`In order to reduce the costs associated with the develop(cid:173)
`ment of their communication systems, multiple service pro(cid:173)
`viders often locate their base stations 24 at the same geo(cid:173)
`graphical point. The providers can then share such items as 55
`antennas, antenna towers, primary power drops, land costs,
`and regulatory costs. These service providers may employ
`multiple RF bands, multiple channels within the same RF
`band and multiple air interface standards (e.g. CDMA,
`UMTS, TDMA, and WiMax). The cost for each service pro- 60
`vider to extend coverage to increase capacity by deploying
`their own micro/pico cells and/or distributed antennas may be
`quite high. Further in some areas where RF propagation is
`poor, such as sporting venues or shopping malls, the owners
`of such facilities may not permit the installation of such 65
`equipment by multiple service providers for aesthetic reasons
`or because of space limitations.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in
`and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodi(cid:173)
`ments of the invention and, together with a general descrip(cid:173)
`tion of the invention given above, and the detailed description
`given below, serve to explain the invention.
`FIG.1 is a block diagram, of a contemporary cellular phone
`system and broadband wireless metropolitan network.
`FIG. 2A is a block diagram of the cellular phone system
`and broadband wireless metropolitan network of FIG. 1
`employing an embodiment of the invention.
`FIG. 2B is a detailed view of a portion of FIG. 2A.
`FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram of one embodiment of
`the invention.
`FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram of a Master Unit used in
`embodiments of the invention.
`FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a TDD switch used in some
`embodiments of the invention.
`FIGS. 6A and 6B are a detailed block diagram of a portion
`of a Remote Unit utilized in embodiments of the invention.
`FIGS. 7 A and 7B are a detailed block diagram of a portion
`of an alternate Remote unit utilized in embodiments of the
`invention.
`FIG. 8 is a detailed block diagram of an embodiment of the
`invention including an Extension Unit.
`FIG. 9 is a detailed block diagram of a portion of the
`Extension unit of FIG. 8.
`FIGS. lOA and lOB are a detailed block diagram of a
`portion of an alternate Master Unit utilized with embodi(cid:173)
`ments of the invention.
`
`Page 23
`
`T-Mobile Ex. 1032
`
`

`

`US 8,346,091 B2
`
`3
`FIG. 11 is a detailed block diagram of a cellular phone
`system and broadband wireless metropolitan network accord(cid:173)
`ing to one of the embodiments of the invention.
`FIGS. 12A and 12B are a detailed block diagram of a
`portion of another Master Unit similar to that of FIGS. lOA
`and lOB utilized with embodiments of the invention.
`FIG. 13 is an alternate exemplary embodiment of a remote
`unit, such as in FIGS. 6A-6B and 7A-7B utilizing a digital
`crosspoint switch.
`FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a master and remote/exten(cid:173)
`sion units employing digital crosspoint switched.
`FIG. 15A-C are block diagrams of different types of digital
`transceivers.
`FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a digital crosspoint switch
`with a combining/summing function.
`It should be understood that the appended drawings are not
`necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified repre(cid:173)
`sentation of various features illustrative of the basic prin(cid:173)
`ciples of the invention. The specific design features of the
`sequence of operations as disclosed herein, including, for
`example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and
`shapes of various illustrated components, will be determined
`in part by the particular intended application and use environ(cid:173)
`ment. Certain features of the illustrated embodiments may
`have been enlarged or distorted relative to others to facilitate
`visualization and clear understanding. In particular, thin fea(cid:173)
`tures may be thickened, for example, for clarity or illustra(cid:173)
`tion.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`
`Embodiments of the present invention provide a distrib(cid:173)
`uted antenna system ("DAS") that can be used by multiple
`service providers to increase the capacity and the coverage
`area of multiple communication systems without the need for
`each provider to incur the cost of deploying one or more
`micro/pico cells or DAS. To do this, embodiments of the
`present invention are capable of simultaneously distributing
`signals between collocated base stations operated by multiple
`service providers, employing multiple RF bands, multiple
`channels within those bands, and multiple air interface stan(cid:173)
`dards and mobile or fixed subscriber units.
`The system architecture of the invention is such that the
`number of RF bands/air interfaces, the number of service
`providers that can be accommodated, and the number of
`distributed antennas can be tailored for each coverage sce(cid:173)
`nario to minimize cost. One possible implementation 40 of
`the system may be seen in the exemplary embodiment illus(cid:173)
`trated in FIGS. 2A and 2B. This implementation 40 includes
`a Master Unit 42 collocated with at least one base station 24. 50
`The Master Unit 42 may be connected to the Mobile Tele(cid:173)
`phone Switching Office 32 through base station 24 and via a
`wire line 28 connection. A group of distributed antenna units
`44 is interconnected via high speed digital transport links 46.
`The transport of RF signals in a digital format may assist in 55
`preventing any appreciable degradation due to the transport
`link. Spectral filtering may also be used to allow or prevent the
`distribution of specific radio signals. Additionally, the indi(cid:173)
`vidual group delay of spectral components may be individu(cid:173)
`ally adjusted without hardware modifications. Thus, quality 60
`degrading delay differences between overlapping simulcast
`cells may be avoided.
`The digital transport mechanism employed in embodi(cid:173)
`ments of the invention allows for flexible use of the available
`bandwidth over the transport links. The dominant use of these 65