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`
`DECLARATION OF TODOR COOKLEV IN SUPPORT OF
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 10,965,512
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`In re Inter Partes Review of:
`U.S. Patent No. 10,965,512
`Issued: Mar. 30, 2021
`Application No.: 17/012,813
`Filing Date: Sep. 4, 2020
`
`For: Method And Apparatus Using Cell-Specific And Common Pilot
`Subcarriers In Multi-Carrier, Multi Cell Wireless Communication
`Networks
`
`
`
`
`
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`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 001
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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
`I.
`GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY .......................................................... 2
`II.
`III. QUALIFICATIONS ........................................................................................ 3
`IV. MATERIALS CONSIDERED ........................................................................ 6
`V.
`LEGAL UNDERSTANDING ......................................................................... 8
`A. My Understanding of Claim Construction ............................................ 8
`B. My Understanding of Obviousness ....................................................... 9
`C.
`A Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art ................................................. 12
`VI. OVERVIEW OF THE ’512 PATENT .......................................................... 13
`VII. TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW ...................................................................... 15
`A.
`Cellular systems implemented OFDM and OFDMA for
`providing downlink signals ................................................................. 16
`OFDM/OFDMA cellular systems implemented pilot signals for
`channel estimation and data recovery ................................................. 21
`OFDM/OFDMA systems implemented multiple types of pilot
`symbols ................................................................................................ 25
`Cellular systems routinely implemented beamforming for
`transmitting downlink signals ............................................................. 26
`VIII. PROSECUTION HISTORY SUMMARY.................................................... 27
`IX. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART ........................................... 27
`X.
`CLAIM CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................... 28
`XI. OVERVIEW OF THE PRIOR-ART ............................................................. 28
`A. Kim ...................................................................................................... 28
`B.
`Ketchum .............................................................................................. 34
`C.
`Tong ..................................................................................................... 38
`D.
`Li .......................................................................................................... 39
`E.
`Smee .................................................................................................... 40
`XII. GROUND 1: THE COMBINATION OF KIM AND TONG
`TEACHES CLAIMS 1-30. ............................................................................ 42
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`D.
`
`
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`- i -
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`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 002
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`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`2.
`
`B.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Kim and Tong ...... 42
`A POSA would have been motivated to implement
`1.
`beamforming in Kim’s base station, as taught by Tong. .......... 42
`A POSA would have been motivated to use Kim’s pilots
`for channel estimation, and to recover the transmitted
`data, as taught by Tong. ............................................................ 47
`Independent Claim 1. .......................................................................... 51
`[1.P]: An orthogonal frequency division multiple access
`1.
`(OFDMA)-compatible base station that uses subcarriers
`in a frequency domain and time slots in a time domain,
`the OFDMA-compatible base station comprising: ................... 51
`[1.1] a plurality of antennas; and a transmitter operably
`coupled to the plurality of antennas; ......................................... 53
`[1.2] the transmitter configured to: insert first pilots of a
`first type onto a first plurality of subcarriers, wherein the
`first pilots are cell-specific pilots; and ...................................... 54
`[1.3] insert data and second pilots of a second type onto a
`second plurality of subcarriers; ................................................. 57
`[1.4] wherein at least some subcarriers of the first
`plurality of subcarriers or the second plurality of
`subcarriers are beam-formed; and ............................................. 61
`[1.5] the plurality of antennas configured to transmit the
`first plurality of subcarriers and the second plurality of
`subcarriers in at least one of the time slots; .............................. 63
`[1.6] wherein the second type is different than the first
`type and wherein the first pilots do not interfere with the
`second pilots. ............................................................................. 66
`Independent Claim 8 ........................................................................... 67
`[8.P] A method performed by an orthogonal frequency
`1.
`division multiple access (OFDMA)-compatible base
`station that uses subcarriers in a frequency domain and
`time slots in a time domain, the method comprising: ............... 67
`
`C.
`
`- ii -
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`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 003
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`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`2.
`
`[8.1] inserting, by the OFDMA-compatible base station,
`first pilots of a first type onto a first plurality of
`subcarriers, wherein the first pilots are cell-specific
`pilots; ......................................................................................... 68
`[8.2] inserting, by the OFDMA-compatible base station,
`data and second pilots of a second type onto a second
`plurality of subcarriers; ............................................................. 68
`[8.3] wherein at least some subcarriers of the first
`plurality of subcarriers or the second plurality of
`subcarriers are beam-formed; and ............................................. 68
`[8.4] transmitting, by the OFDMA-compatible base
`station, the first plurality of subcarriers and the second
`plurality of subcarriers in at least one of the time slots
`using a plurality of antennas; .................................................... 68
`[8.5] wherein the second type is different than the first
`type and wherein the first pilots do not interfere with the
`second pilots. ............................................................................. 69
`Independent Claim 15 ......................................................................... 69
`[15.P] An orthogonal frequency division multiple access
`1.
`(OFDMA)-compatible mobile station that uses
`subcarriers in a frequency domain and time slots in a
`time domain, the OFDMA-compatible mobile station
`comprising: ................................................................................ 69
`[15.1] at least one antenna; and a receiver; and ........................ 70
`[15.2] the at least one antenna and the receiver are
`configured to: receive first pilots of a first type on a first
`plurality of subcarriers, wherein the first pilots are cell-
`specific pilots; and .................................................................... 71
`[15.3] receive second pilots of a second type and data on
`a second plurality of subcarriers, wherein the first
`plurality of subcarriers and the second plurality of
`subcarriers are received in at least one of the time slots; ......... 72
`[15.4] wherein at least some subcarriers of the first
`plurality of subcarriers or the second plurality of
`subcarriers are beam-formed; and ............................................. 72
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`2.
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`- iii -
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`D.
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`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 004
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`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`[15.5] the receiver is further configured to: recover the
`data using channel estimates from at least the second
`pilots; and .................................................................................. 73
`[15.6] recover cell-specific information using the
`cell-specific pilots; .................................................................... 76
`[15.7] wherein the second type is different than the first
`type and wherein the first pilots do not interfere with the
`second pilots. ............................................................................. 76
`Independent Claim 23 ......................................................................... 77
`[23.P] A method performed by an orthogonal frequency
`1.
`division multiple access (OFDMA)-compatible mobile
`station that uses subcarriers in a frequency domain and
`time slots in a time domain, the method comprising: ............... 77
`[23.1] receiving first pilots of a first type on a first
`plurality of subcarriers, wherein the first pilots are
`cell-specific pilots; .................................................................... 77
`[23.2] receiving second pilots of a second type and data
`on a second plurality of subcarriers, wherein the first
`plurality of subcarriers and the second plurality of
`subcarriers are received in at least one of the time slots; ......... 77
`[23.3] wherein at least some subcarriers of the first
`plurality of subcarriers or the second plurality of
`subcarriers are beam-formed; ................................................... 78
`[23.4] recovering the data using channel estimates from
`at least the second pilots; and .................................................... 78
`[23.5] recovering cell-specific information using the cell-
`specific pilots; ........................................................................... 78
`[23.6] wherein the second type is different than the first
`type and wherein the first pilots do not interfere with the
`second pilots. ............................................................................. 78
`Claims 2, 9, 16, and 24 ........................................................................ 78
`Claims 3, 10, 17, and 25 ...................................................................... 79
`Claims 4, 11, 18, and 26 ...................................................................... 82
`Claims 5, 12, 21, and 29 ...................................................................... 82
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
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`7.
`
`- iv -
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`E.
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`F.
`G.
`H.
`I.
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`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 005
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`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`Claims 6, 13, 20, and 28 ...................................................................... 83
`J.
`Claims 7 and 14 ................................................................................... 84
`K.
`Claims 19 and 27 ................................................................................. 84
`L.
`M. Claims 22 and 30 ................................................................................. 85
`XIII. GROUND 2: THE COMBINATION OF KETCHUM AND LI
`TEACHES CLAIMS 1, 3, 4, 6-8, 10, 11, 13-15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25,
`26, 28, AND 30 .............................................................................................. 86
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Ketchum and
`Li .......................................................................................................... 86
`Independent Claim 1. .......................................................................... 90
`[1.P]: An orthogonal frequency division multiple access
`1.
`(OFDMA)-compatible base station that uses subcarriers
`in a frequency domain and time slots in a time domain,
`the OFDMA-compatible base station comprising: ................... 90
`[1.1] a plurality of antennas; and a transmitter operably
`coupled to the plurality of antennas; ......................................... 93
`[1.2] the transmitter configured to: insert first pilots of a
`first type onto a first plurality of subcarriers, wherein the
`first pilots are cell-specific pilots; and ...................................... 94
`[1.3] insert data and second pilots of a second type onto a
`second plurality of subcarriers; ................................................. 99
`[1.4] wherein at least some subcarriers of the first
`plurality of subcarriers or the second plurality of
`subcarriers are beam-formed; and ........................................... 103
`[1.5] the plurality of antennas configured to transmit the
`first plurality of subcarriers and the second plurality of
`subcarriers in at least one of the time slots; ............................ 103
`[1.6] wherein the second type is different than the first
`type and wherein the first pilots do not interfere with the
`second pilots. ........................................................................... 104
`Independent Claim 8 ......................................................................... 106
`
`B.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`C.
`
`
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`- v -
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`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 006
`
`

`

`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`[8.P] A method performed by an orthogonal frequency
`division multiple access (OFDMA)-compatible base
`station that uses subcarriers in a frequency domain and
`time slots in a time domain, the method comprising: ............. 106
`[8.1] inserting, by the OFDMA-compatible base station,
`first pilots of a first type onto a first plurality of
`subcarriers, wherein the first pilots are cell-specific
`pilots; ....................................................................................... 107
`[8.2] inserting, by the OFDMA-compatible base station,
`data and second pilots of a second type onto a second
`plurality of subcarriers; ........................................................... 107
`[8.3] wherein at least some subcarriers of the first
`plurality of subcarriers or the second plurality of
`subcarriers are beam-formed; and ........................................... 107
`[8.4] transmitting, by the OFDMA-compatible base
`station, the first plurality of subcarriers and the second
`plurality of subcarriers in at least one of the time slots
`using a plurality of antennas; .................................................. 107
`[8.5] wherein the second type is different than the first
`type and wherein the first pilots do not interfere with the
`second pilots. ........................................................................... 108
`Independent Claim 15 ....................................................................... 108
`[15.P] An orthogonal frequency division multiple access
`1.
`(OFDMA)-compatible mobile station that uses
`subcarriers in a frequency domain and time slots in a
`time domain, the OFDMA-compatible mobile station
`comprising: .............................................................................. 108
`[15.1] at least one antenna; and a receiver; and ...................... 109
`[15.2] the at least one antenna and the receiver are
`configured to: receive first pilots of a first type on a first
`plurality of subcarriers, wherein the first pilots are cell-
`specific pilots; and .................................................................. 110
`[15.3] receive second pilots of a second type and data on
`a second plurality of subcarriers, wherein the first
`plurality of subcarriers and the second plurality of
`subcarriers are received in at least one of the time slots; ....... 110
`
`2.
`3.
`
`4.
`
`- vi -
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`
`
`D.
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 007
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`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`[15.4] wherein at least some subcarriers of the first
`plurality of subcarriers or the second plurality of
`subcarriers are beam-formed; and ........................................... 111
`[15.5] the receiver is further configured to: recover the
`data using channel estimates from at least the second
`pilots; and ................................................................................ 111
`[15.6] recover cell-specific information using the
`cell-specific pilots; .................................................................. 112
`[15.7] wherein the second type is different than the first
`type and wherein the first pilots do not interfere with the
`second pilots. ........................................................................... 112
`Independent Claim 23 ....................................................................... 113
`[23.P] A method performed by an orthogonal frequency
`1.
`division multiple access (OFDMA)-compatible mobile
`station that uses subcarriers in a frequency domain and
`time slots in a time domain, the method comprising: ............. 113
`[23.1] receiving first pilots of a first type on a first
`plurality of subcarriers, wherein the first pilots are
`cell-specific pilots; .................................................................. 113
`[23.2] receiving second pilots of a second type and data
`on a second plurality of subcarriers, wherein the first
`plurality of subcarriers and the second plurality of
`subcarriers are received in at least one of the time slots; ....... 113
`[23.3] wherein at least some subcarriers of the first
`plurality of subcarriers or the second plurality of
`subcarriers are beam-formed; ................................................. 113
`[23.4] recovering the data using channel estimates from
`at least the second pilots; and .................................................. 114
`[23.5] recovering cell-specific information using the cell-
`specific pilots; ......................................................................... 114
`[23.6] wherein the second type is different than the first
`type and wherein the first pilots do not interfere with the
`second pilots. ........................................................................... 114
`Claims 3, 10, 17, and 25 .................................................................... 114
`Claims 4, 11, 18, and 26 .................................................................... 116
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`- vii -
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`
`
`E.
`
`F.
`G.
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 008
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`

`

`
`
`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`Claims 6, 13, 20, and 28 .................................................................... 117
`H.
`Claims 7 and 14 ................................................................................. 117
`I.
`Claims 22 and 30 ............................................................................... 118
`J.
`XIV. GROUND 3: THE COMBINATION OF KETCHUM, LI, AND
`SMEE TEACHES CLAIMS 5, 12, 21, AND 29 ......................................... 119
`XV. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 124
`
`
`
`
`
`- viii -
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`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 009
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`

`

`
`
`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`I, Todor Cooklev, declare as follows:
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`1.
`
`I have been retained by Latham & Watkins on behalf of Ford Motor
`
`Company (“Ford” and/or “Petitioner”) for the above-captioned inter partes review
`
`proceeding. I understand that this proceeding involves U.S. Patent No. 10,965,512
`
`(“the ’512 patent”), titled “Method and Apparatus Using Cell-Specific and
`
`Common Pilot Subcarriers in Multi-Carrier, Multi-Cell Wireless Communication
`
`Networks,” and that the ’512 patent is currently assigned to Neo Wireless LLC
`
`(“Patent Owner”).
`
`2.
`
`Specifically, I have been retained as a technical expert by Ford to
`
`study and provide my opinions on the technology claimed in, and the patentability
`
`or unpatentability of, claims 1-30 of the ’512 patent (“the challenged claims”).
`
`This declaration is directed to the challenged claims of the ’512 patent, and sets
`
`forth the opinions I have formed, the conclusions I have reached, and the bases for
`
`each. For purposes of this declaration, I was not asked to provide any opinions that
`
`are not expressed herein.
`
`3.
`
`I am familiar with the technology described in the ’512 patent as of its
`
`earliest possible priority date of January 29, 2004. I have been asked to provide my
`
`technical review, analysis, insights, and opinions regarding the ’512 patent. I have
`
`used this experience and insight along with the above-noted references as the basis
`
`
`
`- 1 -
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 010
`
`

`

`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`
`for the grounds of unpatentability set forth in the Petition for inter partes review of
`
`the ’512 patent.
`
`4.
`
`I have reviewed and am familiar with the specification of the ’512
`
`patent issued on March 30, 2021. I understand that the ’512 patent has been
`
`provided as EX1001. I will cite to the specification using the following formats:
`
`EX1001, ’512 patent, 1:1-10 (long form) and EX1001, 1:1-10 (short form). These
`
`example citations both point to the ’512 patent specification at column 1, lines
`
`1-10. I was further asked to review the documents filed as part of IPR2022-01539
`
`by Volkswagen Group of America, Inc., including the Declaration of Paul Min,
`
`Ph.D. (EX1003) and its associated exhibits. I agree with Dr. Min’s analysis and
`
`conclusions. Therefore, I have incorporated his analysis into this declaration.
`
`5.
`
`I am being compensated by Ford at my standard hourly rate of $700
`
`for the time I spend in connection with this proceeding. My compensation is not
`
`dependent in any way on the substance of my opinions or in the outcome of this
`
`proceeding.
`
`6.
`
`I am over 18 years of age. I have personal knowledge of the facts
`
`stated in this declaration and could testify competently to them if asked to do so.
`
`II. GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY
`
`7.
`
`In forming my opinions about the ’512 patent, I have considered the
`
`following grounds of unpatentability. Based on my review of the prior art
`
`
`
`- 2 -
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 011
`
`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`references that form the basis of these grounds,it is my opinionthat claims 1-30 of
`
`the ’512 patent would have been obviousto a person ofordinary skill in the art
`
`(“POSA”) as of January 29, 2004.
`
`|Ground|Basis|Claims|References
`§ 103
`
`
`
`1, 3, 4, 6-8, 10, 11,
`13-15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23,
`25, 26, 28, and 30
`§ 103|5, 12,21, and 29 Ketchum in view of Li and further
`
`in view of Smee
`
`Ketchum in view of Li
`
`8.
`
`I have been asked to consider how a POSA would have understood
`
`the challenged claims inlight of the disclosures of the ’512 patent. I also have been
`
`asked to consider how a POSA would have understood theprior art references
`
`Kim, Tong, Ketchum, Li, and Smee.
`
`9.
`
`Further, I have been askedto consider and provide my technical
`
`review,analysis, insights, and opinions regarding whether a POSA would have
`
`understood that the combinationsofthe prior art referenceslisted in the table
`
`above render obviousclaims 1-30 of the ’512 patent.
`
`Il. QUALIFICATIONS
`
`10.
`
`In formulating myopinions, I have relied upon mytraining,
`
`knowledge, and experience in the relevantart.
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 012
`
`

`

`
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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`11. My qualifications are stated more fully in my curriculum vitae, which
`
`has been provided as Exhibit 1036. Here, I provide a brief summary of my
`
`qualifications.
`
`12.
`
`I am currently Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at
`
`Purdue University in Fort Wayne, Indiana, where I have had several administrative
`
`positions.
`
`13. My current research interests include most aspects of modern wireless
`
`systems, including hardware and software architectures. A significant part of my
`
`research is specifically focused on standards-related issues. I have received a number
`
`of research grants in these areas. My research has been funded by DARPA, the Air
`
`Force Research Laboratory, the Office of Naval Research, and other organizations.
`
`14. My teaching responsibilities have included courses in communication
`
`systems and networks, signals and systems, software-defined radio, and digital
`
`signal processing.
`
`15.
`
`I am a named inventor on more than thirty U.S. patents, most of which
`
`relate to the hardware or software aspects of communication systems. In 2019, I was
`
`inducted into the Purdue Inventors Hall of Fame.
`
`16.
`
`I have also authored and co-authored more than one hundred peer-
`
`reviewed articles. I also authored “Wireless Communication Standards: A Study of
`
`
`
`- 4 -
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 013
`
`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`
`IEEE 802.11, 802.15, and 802.16,” published by IEEE Press. A list of my
`
`publications and patents appears in my curriculum vitae Ex. 1036.
`
`17. A detailed record of my professional qualifications is set forth in the
`
`attached Ex. 1036, which is my curriculum vitae. My curriculum vitae also lists the
`
`depositions, hearings, and trial at which I have testified.
`
`18.
`
`I graduated from the Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria in 1988
`
`with a Diploma of Engineering in the field of Electrical Engineering. I graduated
`
`from Tokyo Institute of Technology in Tokyo, Japan in 1995 with a Doctor of
`
`Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in Electrical Engineering.
`
`19.
`
`I have contributed to the development of several major standards for
`
`communication systems and numerous amendments, including Bluetooth, DSL, Wi-
`
`Fi, cellular, and standards for tactical radio systems and electronic warfare. I have
`
`participated in many meetings of standards committees and prepared, submitted, and
`
`presented documents relating to technical matters considered by these committees. I
`
`have also drafted liaison letters among different standards committees. I have
`
`chaired some committee meetings and served in other leadership roles. For example,
`
`I have been a Voting Member of the IEEE 802.11 Working Group and served as
`
`Chairman of the IEEE Standards in Education Committee. I received an award from
`
`IEEE Standards Association in 2012.
`
`
`
`- 5 -
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 014
`
`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`20.
`
`Myadditional involvement with IEEEincludesbeing elected to serve
`
`on the Board of Governors of the IEEE Standards Association in 2020 for one term
`
`beginning January 2021. The Board of Governors providesoverall leadership of
`
`the IEEE Standards Association.
`
`21. Also, Iam the Series Editor for Wireless and Radio Communications
`
`for the IEEE Communications Standards Magazine (whichis the premier journal in
`
`the field of communication standards) and have held that position since 2017.
`
`IV. MATERIALS CONSIDERED
`
`22.
`
`In formulating myopinions,I have relied upon mytraining,
`
`knowledge, and experiencethat are relevantto the 512 patent. I have also
`
`reviewed and am familiar with the following documents and materials in addition
`
`to any other documentscited in this declaration:
`
`Exhibit No.|Description
`
`
`
`1001
`
`1002
`
`1003
`
`1004
`
`1005
`
`1006
`
`U.S. Patent No. 10,965,512 to Li et al. (“’512 patent’)
`
`°512 Patent Prosecution History
`
`Declaration of Dr. Paul Min Submitted In IPR2022-01539
`
`International Patent Publication No. WO2004/049618 to Kim et
`al. (“Kim”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,120,395 to Tonget al. (“Tong”)
`
`U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2004/0179627 to Ketchum et
`al. (“Ketchum”)
`
`
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 015
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`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`1007
`
`1008
`
`1009
`
`1010
`
`1011
`
`1012
`
`1013
`
`1014
`
`1015
`
`1016
`
`U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2002/0163879 to Lietal.
`“7”
`U.S. Patent No. 7,248,559 to Maetal. (“Ma 559”)
`
`Tufvesson,et al., Pilot Assisted Channel Estimation For OFDM
`in Mobile Cellular Systems, IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology
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`
`US. Patent No. 7,664,533 to Logothetis etal. (“Logothetis”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,054,664 to Nagaraj (“Nagaraj’’)
`
`International Patent Application No. WO 2004/056022 to Lee et
`al.
`(“Lee”
`U.S. Patent No. 7,551,546 to Ma (“Ma 7546”)
`
`Anderson, Fixed Broadband Wireless System Design, Wiley
`2003)
`(excerpts
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`
`1017
`
`U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2004/0131007 to Smeeetal.
`“Smee”
`U.S. Patent No. 7,650,152 to Li et al. (“Li 152”).
`1018
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1019
`
`1020
`
`1021
`
`1022
`
`1023
`
`1024
`
`U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2004/0190598 to Seki: etal.
`“Seki’).
`Li, “A Novel Broadband Wireless OFDMA Schemefor Downlink
`in Cellular Communications,” Samsung Advanced Institute of
`Technology (IEEE)
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`Haraet al., “Multicarrier Techniquesfor 4G Mobile
`(“Hara”
`Communications,’ Artech House (2003)
`(excerpts)
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`Van Neeet al., “OFDM for Wireless Multimedia
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`Communications,” Artech House (2000)
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`Bahaiet al., “Multi-Carrier Communications Theory and
`Applications ofOFDM,” Springer Science (2004) (excerpts)
`“Bahai”
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 016
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`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`
`
`1025
`
`1026
`
`1027
`
`1028
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,039,001 to Krishnanet al. (Krishnan’’)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,992,621 to Casaset al. (“Casas”)
`
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`
`U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2005/0075125 to Badaetal.
`“Bada’’).
`
`1029
`
`Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Paul Min
`
`1030
`
`1031
`
`1036
`
`U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/421,309 to Walton et
`al.
`(“’309 Provisional”
`U.S. Patent No. 7,012,882 to Wanget al. (“Wang”)
`
`Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Todor Cooklev
`
`
`
`To the best of my knowledge, the above-mentioned documents and materials are
`
`true and accurate copies of what they purport to be. An expert in the field would
`
`reasonably rely on them to formulate opinionssuch as thoseset forth in this
`
`declaration.
`
`V.
`
`LEGAL UNDERSTANDING
`
`23.
`
`[havealso relied upon variouslegal principles (as explained to me by
`
`Ford’s counsel) in formulating my opinions. My understanding ofthese principles
`
`is summarized below.
`
`A. My Understanding of Claim Construction
`
`24.
`
`Iunderstandthat during an inter partes review proceeding, claimsare
`
`to be construedin light of the specification as would be read by a person of
`
`-8-
`
`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 017
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`

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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`
`ordinary skill in the relevant art at the time the application was filed. I understand
`
`that claim terms are given their ordinary and customary meaning as would be
`
`understood by a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art in the context of the
`
`entire disclosure. A claim term, however, will not receive its ordinary meaning if
`
`the patentee acted as his own lexicographer and clearly set forth a definition of the
`
`claim term in the specification. In this case, the claim term will receive the
`
`definition set forth in the patent.
`
`B. My Understanding of Obviousness
`
`25.
`
`I understand that a patent claim is invalid if the claimed invention
`
`would have been obvious to a POSA at the time the application was filed. This
`
`means that even if all of the requirements of the claim cannot be found in a single
`
`prior art reference that would anticipate the claim, the claim can still be invalid.
`
`26. To obtain a patent, a claimed invention must have, as of the priority
`
`date, been nonobvious in view of the prior art in the field. I understand that an
`
`invention is obvious when the differences between the subject matter sought to be
`
`patented and the prior art are such that the subject matter as a whole would have
`
`been obvious at the time the invention was made to a POSA.
`
`27.
`
`I understand that to prove that prior art or a combination of prior art
`
`renders a patent obvious, it is necessary to:
`
`
`
`- 9 -
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`Ford Motor Co.
`Exhibit 1035
`Page 018
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`
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`Declaration for Inter Partes Review of USP 10,965,512
`
`28.
`
`(1) identify the particular references that, singly or in combination,
`
`render the patent obvious;
`
`29.
`
`(2) specifically identify which elements of the patent claim appear in
`
`each of the asserted references; and
`
`30.
`
`(3) explain how the prior art references could have been combined in
`
`order to create the inventions claimed in the asserted claim.
`
`31.
`
`I also understand that prior art references can be combined under
`
`several different circumsta