(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0023755A1
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Jan. 30, 2003
`Harris et al.
`
`US 2003OO23755A1
`
`(54)
`
`SYSTEMAND METHOD FOR DELIVERING
`CONTENT TO MOBILE DEVICES
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Michelle Harris, New York, NY (US);
`Peter DeLucia, Freehold, NJ (US);
`Dan Jethanamest, Palisades Park, NJ
`(US); Corey Tripp, New York, NY
`(US); Tom LeRoux, New York, NY
`(US); Lin Hsu, South Windsor, CT
`(US); Lee Boyle, Emerson, NY (US);
`Dan Liu, Washington Crossing, PA
`(US); Rocio Katsanis, Shreveport, LA
`(US); George Yi, New York, NY (US);
`Harry Kargman, New York, NY (US);
`Evan Herbst, Baldwin, NY (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`LAHIVE & COCKFIELD
`28 STATE STREET
`BOSTON, MA 02109 (US)
`
`(73)
`(21)
`(22)
`
`Assignee: Kargo, Inc., Boston, MA (US)
`Appl. No.:
`10/024,432
`
`Filed:
`
`Dec. 18, 2001
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/256,589, filed on Dec.
`18, 2000.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl. ................................................. G06F 15/16
`(52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 709/246
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`The illustrative embodiment of the present invention pro
`vides a platform that enables a content developer to distrib
`ute uniform content to multiple types of requesting mobile
`devices. By authoring content in a generic markup language
`and using the technologies included in the Mobile Content
`Framework(MCF), the content developer is able to provide
`content to multiple types devices without providing different
`versions of the content. The content may be authored
`originally in the generic markup language or translated from
`other languages into the generic markup language by the
`MCF. The MCF exploits the capabilities and accommodates
`the limitations of different types of wireless devices by
`converting generic markup language content to device
`specific content. The MCF interacts with device registries
`holding records of the device attributes in order to provide
`the device-specific content. The MCF handles these issues
`for current mobile devices while also being extensible for
`future mobile devices.
`
`|
`
`Web Server Accepts Device
`Request Servlet Engine
`Directs Request to Appropriate
`Page
`60
`
`Header of Request Examined to
`identify Device
`62
`
`F.
`Device Registry Consulted
`84
`
`-
`Session Stated
`66
`
`&
`
`Content Generated
`68
`
`--
`Content Translated
`70
`
`
`— Y -
`Dyanamic image and Text
`Processing
`
`-
`
`XSL Processing
`fa.
`
`--....
`
`-
`Y
`Content Returned to Device
`76
`
`-
`
`Netflix v. GoTV
`IPR2023-00758
`Netflix Ex. 1006
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 30, 2003 Sheet 1 of 4
`Jan. 30, 2003 Sheet 1 of 4
`
`US 2003/0023755 A1
`US 2003/0023755 Al
`
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`

`Patent Application Publication
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 30, 2003 Sheet 2 of 4
`Jan. 30, 2003 Sheet 2 of 4
`
`US 2003/0023755 A1
`US 2003/0023755 Al
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`

`Patent Application Publication Jan. 30, 2003 Sheet 3 of 4
`Patent Application Publication
`Jan. 30,2003 Sheet 3 of 4
`
`US 2003/0023755 A1
`US 2003/0023755 Al
`
`
`
`Web Server Accepts Device
`Web Server Accepts Device
`Request / Servlet Engine
`Request / Serviet Engine
`Directs Request to Appropriate
`Directs Request to Appropriate
`Page
`Page
`60
`Figure 3
`60 Figure 3
`
`
`
`
`Header of Request Examined to
`Header of Request Examined to
`identify Device
`Identify Device
`62
`62
`
`
`l
`
`
`
`Device Registry Consulted
`Device Registry Consulted
`64
`64
`
`fT
`
`Session Started
`Session Started
`66
`66
`
`esee
`
`Content Generated
`Content Generated
`68
`68
`
`————
`
`Content Translated
`Content Translated
`70
`70
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Dyanamic Image and Text
`Dyanamic Image and Text
`
`Processing
`Processing
`72
`72
`
`XSL Processing
`XSL Processing
`74
`74
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`Content Returned to Device
`Content Returned to Device
`
`76
`76
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Jan. 30, 2003 Sheet 4 of 4
`Patent Application Publication
`Jan. 30,2003 Sheet 4 of 4
`
`US 2003/0023755 A1
`US 2003/0023755 Al
`
`Figure 4
`Figure 4
`
`MCF Receives Page Request From
`MCF Receives Page Request From
`Mobile Device
`Mobile Device
`80
`80
`
`
`
`
`
`Content Dispatcher Receives
`Content Dispatcher Receives
`Request / Determines Data
`Request / Determines Data
`Source
`Source
`82
`82
`
`86
`
`Data Retrieved From WAX or
`Data Retrieved From WAX or
`Non-WAX Source
`Non-WAX Source
`84
`84
`
`
`
`
`
`WAX Data Stream Saved To Cache
`WAX Data Stream Saved To Cache
`86
`
`

`

`US 2003/0023755 A1
`US 2003/0023755 Al
`
`Jan. 30, 2003
`Jan. 30, 2003
`
`SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DELIVERING
`SYSTEMAND METHOD FOR DELIVERING
`CONTENT TO MOBILE DEVICES
`CONTENT TO MOBILE DEVICES
`
`RELATED APPLICATION
`RELATED APPLICATION
`0001. This application claims priority to co-pending U.S.
`[0001] This application claimspriority to co-pending U.S.
`Provisional Application No. 60/256,589 filed Dec. 18, 2000,
`Provisional Application No. 60/256,589 filed Dec. 18, 2000,
`for all Subject matter common to both applications. The
`for all subject matter common to both applications. The
`disclosure of Said provisional application is hereby incor
`disclosure of said provisional application is hereby incor-
`porated by reference in its entirety.
`porated by reference in its entirety.
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`0002 The illustrative embodiment of the present inven
`[0002]
`Theillustrative embodiment of the present inven-
`tion relates generally to the delivery of content to mobile
`tion relates generally to the delivery of content to mobile
`devices, and more particularly to the delivery of the same
`devices, and more particularly to the delivery of the same
`content to multiple mobile devices using different device
`content to multiple mobile devices using different device
`protocols.
`protocols.
`
`BACKGROUND
`BACKGROUND
`Delivering easy to use content to mobile devices
`0.003
`[0003] Delivering easy to use content to mobile devices
`today is difficult for the content provider. There are many
`today is difficult for the content provider. There are many
`different mobile devices which have different functions, and
`different mobile devices which havedifferent functions, and
`many more are expected to Surface over the near term. There
`many moreare expected to surface over the near term. There
`are many content variables which must be taken into account
`are many content variables which must be taken into account
`when delivering content to a mobile device. Enterprises and
`whendelivering content to a mobile device. Enterprises and
`content providers must deliver the “right” content for each
`content providers must deliver the “right” content for each
`requesting device by taking into account content variables
`requesting device by taking into account content variables
`asSociated with the requesting mobile device. Typically,
`associated with the requesting mobile device. Typically,
`mobile devices have fewer resources available (compared
`mobile devices have fewer resources available (compared
`with a personal computer) with which to render content for
`with a personal computer) with which to render content for
`a user. Content variables include differences in device lan-
`a user. Content variables include differences in device lan
`guages, device display characteristics, device input methods,
`guages, device display characteristics, device input methods,
`character encoding methods, and user preferences. WireleSS
`character encoding methods, and user preferences. Wireless
`devices use different types of languages Such as WMIL,
`devices use different types of languages such as WML,
`HDML, HTML, compact-HTML and Palm webClippings.
`HDML, HTML, compact-HTML and Palm webClippings.
`Additionally, even when two devices employ the same
`Additionally, even when two devices employ the same
`language, there is no guarantee that they each interpret and
`language, there is no guarantee that they each interpret and
`render content the same way. For example, the way WML is
`render content the same way. For example, the way WMLis
`rendered on Nokia devices is very different from the way it
`rendered on Nokia devicesis very different from the wayit
`is rendered on devices from other manufacturers. Device
`is rendered on devices from other manufacturers. Device
`displays represent another content variable.
`displays represent another content variable.
`0004. There is a large variation in the way content is
`[0004] There is a large variation in the way content is
`displayed acroSS different handheld devices. Some displayS
`displayed across different handheld devices. Some displays
`are long and Some are wide. Some browsers can display
`are long and some are wide. Some browsers can display
`images and Some can not display images. Some displayS
`images and some can not display images. Some displays
`Support color in various depths, Some displayS Support
`support color in various depths, some displays support
`grayScale images, and Some displayS Support only black and
`grayscale images, and somedisplays support only black and
`white images. Moreover, resolution and legibility vary dif
`white images. Moreover, resolution and legibility vary dif-
`ferently from display size. Content geared for mobile
`ferently from display size. Content geared for mobile
`devices must be able to overcome these content variables
`devices must be able to overcome these content variables
`while delivering relevant content.
`while delivering relevant content.
`0005 Another content variable is the method used by the
`[0005] Another content variable is the method used by the
`wireless device for device input. Mobile phones usually only
`wireless device for device input. Mobile phonesusually only
`have a numeric keypad, while PDAs have stylus input. Some
`have a numeric keypad, while PDAs havestylus input. Some
`devices like the RIM Blackberry have a full keyboard while
`devices like the RIM Blackberry have a full keyboard while
`other devices Support Voice commands. Character encoding
`other devices support voice commands. Character encoding
`represents an addition content variable that content provid
`represents an addition content variable that content provid-
`erS must take into account when delivering content to
`ers must
`take into account when delivering content
`to
`wireleSS devices. Some devices require content to be deliv
`wireless devices. Some devices require content to be deliv-
`ered using a special character encoding. For example,
`ered using a special character encoding. For example,
`i-mode phones require content in Shift-JIS encoding in order
`i-mode phonesrequire content in Shift-JIS encoding in order
`for Japanese characters to appear correctly. An additional
`for Japanese characters to appear correctly. An additional
`type of content variable is caused by the accommodation of
`type of content variable is caused by the accommodation of
`
`user preferences. User may specify a particular language in
`user preferences. User may specify a particular language in
`which they wish to receive the content, Such as French.
`which they wish to receive the content, such as French.
`Alternatively, users may prefer to See only text content in
`Alternatively, users may prefer to see only text content in
`order to Speed up content delivery, or prefer to See graphics
`order to speed up content delivery, or prefer to see graphics-
`rich content on their color PDA display.
`rich content on their color PDA display.
`0006 Conventional methods used by web site developers
`[0006] Conventional methods used by web site developers
`to deal with content variables have been inadequate. Typi
`to deal with content variables have been inadequate. Typi-
`cally, web site developerS have attempted to provide content
`cally, web site developers have attempted to provide content
`to multiple types of wireleSS devices by providing multiple
`to multiple types of wireless devices by providing multiple
`versions of web sites, Stripping down content into a lowest
`versions of web sites, stripping down content into a lowest
`common denominator approach, or by utilizing Web Scrap
`common denominator approach, or by utilizing web scrap-
`ing technology (explained below) to create content for the
`ing technology (explained below) to create content for the
`requesting wireleSS device out of content appearing on a
`requesting wireless device out of content appearing on a
`regular HTML web site. All of the approaches produce
`regular HTML web site. All of the approaches produce
`inadequate results. Maintaining multiple versions of a web
`inadequate results. Maintaining multiple versions of a web
`site for different wireless devices is costly from both a time,
`site for different wireless devices is costly from both a time,
`human capital and monetary perspective. Presenting only
`human capital and monetary perspective. Presenting only
`basic content, Such as text-only content, on a web site
`basic content, such as text-only content, on a web site
`deprives requesting users of full featured wireleSS devices of
`deprives requesting users of full featured wireless devices of
`features present in their devices. Additionally, the approach
`features present in their devices. Additionally, the approach
`will Still will not present content that all devices can accept
`will still will not present content that all devices can accept
`(i.e.: there is no lowest common denominator that works for
`(.e.: there is no lowest common denominator that works for
`all devices). Web scraping is a technique by which useful
`all devices). Web scraping is a technique by which useful
`information, either regarding the content, the layout, or the
`information, either regarding the content, the layout, or the
`appearance of a web page, is obtained from the page
`appearance of a web page,
`is obtained from the page
`received by the browser rather than using the content Source
`received by the browserrather than using the content source
`(possibly a JSP or ASP) or an interface link to the application
`(possibly a JSP or ASP) or aninterface link to the application
`that generated the content. However, HTML content from a
`that generated the content. However, HTMLcontent from a
`Standard web site is not readily adaptable for mobile devices,
`standard website is not readily adaptable for mobile devices,
`a fact which often results in a translation of HTMLcontent
`a fact which often results in a translation of HTML content
`that is often imperfect and difficult to navigate on a request
`that is often imperfect and difficult to navigate on a request-
`ing mobile device (possibly producing gibberish or unintel
`ing mobile device (possibly producing gibberish or unintel-
`ligible text).
`ligible text).
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`0007. The illustrative embodiment of the present inven
`Theillustrative embodiment of the present inven-
`[0007]
`tion provides a mobile content framework (MCF) that
`tion provides a mobile content framework (MCF)
`that
`facilitates abstracting content and behavior from the render
`facilitates abstracting content and behavior from the render-
`ing of content on a requesting device. Content is abstracted
`ing of content on a requesting device. Content is abstracted
`in a manner Specifically tailored to take into account the
`in a manner specifically tailored to take into account the
`limited resources of certain devices such as mobile devices
`limited resources of certain devices Such as mobile devices
`(although the process works for devices not under resource
`(although the process works for devices not under resource
`restrictions). The abstraction process allows the distribution
`restrictions). The abstraction process allows the distribution
`of uniform content to multiple types of requesting devices.
`of uniform content to multiple types of requesting devices.
`Content is generated Specifically for each device, both from
`Content is generated specifically for each device, both from
`a display Standpoint and a content navigation Standpoint.
`a display standpoint and a content navigation standpoint.
`The interface may be dynamically personalized to the taste
`The interface may be dynamically personalized to the taste
`of the individual. The MCF includes a generic markup
`of the individual. The MCF includes a generic markup
`language, referred to as Wireless Abstract XML (hereafter
`language, referred to as Wireless Abstract XML(hereafter
`WAX) that is easily extended and can be translated into a
`WAX) that is easily extended and can be translated into a
`variety of different mobile device markup languages (WAX
`variety of different mobile device markup languages (WAX
`is referred to as KGML in related provisional 60/256,589).
`is referred to as KGMLin related provisional 60/256,589).
`Content is first translated into WAX from the original
`Content
`is first
`translated into WAX from the original
`language of the content provider, or is created in WAX
`language of the content provider, or is created in WAX
`originally, and then converted into a device appropriate
`originally, and then converted into a device appropriate
`language for a requesting mobile device. WAX is designed
`language for a requesting mobile device. WAX is designed
`to enable the content developer to describe content at a more
`to enable the content developer to describe content at a more
`abstract level than that used in individual protocols. The
`abstract level than that used in individual protocols. The
`greater level of abstraction enables the Subsequent conver
`greater level of abstraction enables the subsequent conver-
`Sion of WAX into the languages used by the requesting
`sion of WAX into the languages used by the requesting
`mobile devices such as WML, HDML and HTML. Typical
`mobile devices such as WML, HDML and HTML.Typical
`markup languages focus on how content is rendered on the
`markup languages focus on how content is rendered on the
`device, while WAX focuses on generic but Smart objects
`device, while WAX focuses on generic but smart objects
`whose transformation is tailored to Specific devices. During
`whose transformation istailored to specific devices. During
`
`

`

`US 2003/0023755 A1
`US 2003/0023755 Al
`
`Jan. 30, 2003
`Jan. 30, 2003
`
`this transformation process, the MCF ensures the best type
`this transformation process, the MCF ensures the best type
`and length of text is used, the best type and size of image is
`and length of text is used, the best type and size of image is
`used, and that the content is well Suited and customized for
`used, and that the content is well suited and customized for
`the device attributes. The customization process uses device
`the device attributes. The customization process uses device
`attribute records Stored in databases to choose appropriate
`attribute records stored in databases to choose appropriate
`content for the requesting device.
`content for the requesting device.
`0008. In one embodiment, an electronic device is inter
`[0008]
`In one embodiment, an electronic device is inter-
`faced with a content location. The electronic device has
`faced with a content location. The electronic device has
`access to at least one registry holding device information for
`access to at least one registry holding device information for
`multiple mobile devices. The device information includes a
`multiple mobile devices. The device information includes a
`programming language used by each type of mobile device.
`programming language used by each type of mobile device.
`Upon receiving a request for content from a mobile device,
`Upon receiving a request for content from a mobile device,
`the electronic device retrieves device information from at
`the electronic device retrieves device information from at
`least one registry. The requested content is converted from
`least one registry. The requested content is converted from
`a generic markup language into device-Specific content
`a generic markup language into device-specific content
`using the retrieved device information.
`using the retrieved device information.
`0009. In another embodiment, an electronic device is
`[0009]
`In another embodiment, an electronic device is
`interfaced with a content location. The electronic device has
`interfaced with a content location. The electronic device has
`access to multiple registries holding device information for
`access to multiple registries holding device information for
`different types of wireless devices. The device information
`different types of wireless devices. The device information
`includes a programming language used by each type of
`includes a programming language used by each type of
`wireleSS device. The content is converted into a generic
`wireless device. The content is converted into a generic
`markup language. Upon receiving a request for content from
`markup language. Uponreceiving a request for content from
`a wireleSS device, the electronic device retrieves device
`a wireless device,
`the electronic device retrieves device
`information from at least one of the registries. The requested
`information from atleast one of the registries. The requested
`content is converted from the generic markup language into
`content is converted from the generic markup language into
`device-specific content using the retrieved device informa
`device-specific content using the retrieved device informa-
`tion.
`tion.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`0.010
`FIG. 1 depicts an environment suitable for prac
`[0010] FIG. 1 depicts an environment suitable for prac-
`ticing an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;
`ticing an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;
`0.011
`FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of components
`[0011] FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of components
`included in the Mobile Content Framework (MCF);
`included in the Mobile Content Framework (MCF);
`0012 FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the sequence of steps
`[0012] FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the sequence of steps
`performed by the Mobile Content Framework to process a
`performed by the Mobile Content Framework to process a
`content request; and
`content request; and
`0013 FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the generation of content.
`[0013] FIG. 4 isa flow chart of the generation of content.
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`0.014. The illustrative embodiment of the present inven
`[0014]
`Theillustrative embodiment of the present inven-
`tion provides a platform that enables a content developer to
`tion provides a platform that enables a content developer to
`build an effective wireless web site. By authoring content in
`build an effective wireless web site. By authoring content in
`WAX and using the technologies included in the Mobile
`WAX and using the technologies included in the Mobile
`Content Framework(MCF), the content developer is able to
`Content Framework(MCF), the content developer is able to
`quickly and easily build wireleSS web applications that target
`quickly and easily build wireless web applicationsthat target
`wireleSS devices. The content may be authored originally in
`wireless devices. The content may be authored originally in
`WAX or translated from other languages into WAX by the
`WAX ortranslated from other languages into WAX by the
`MCF. The MCF exploits the capabilities and accommodates
`MCF. The MCFexploits the capabilities and accommodates
`the limitations of different types of wireless devices by
`the limitations of different
`types of wireless devices by
`converting WAX content to device-specific content. The
`converting WAX content to device-specific content. The
`MCFhandlesthese issues for current wireless devices while
`MCF handles these issues for current wireless devices while
`also being extensible for future wireleSS devices.
`also being extensible for future wireless devices.
`0.015
`FIG. 1 depicts an environment suitable for prac
`[0015] FIG. 1 depicts an environment suitable for prac-
`ticing the illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
`ticing the illustrative embodimentof the present invention.
`An electronic device 2 is interfaced with a network 4. The
`An electronic device 2 is interfaced with a network 4. The
`electronic device 2 includes content 6 and the MCF8. The
`electronic device 2 includes content 6 and the MCF 8. The
`content 6 may be content in written in WAX, a non-WAX
`content 6 may be content in written in WAX, a non-WAX
`wireleSS language format, or a non-wireleSS language for
`wireless language format, or a non-wireless language for-
`mat. Also interfaced with the network 4 are a plurality of
`mat. Also interfaced with the network 4 are a plurality of
`
`mobile devices 10, 12, and 14. The plurality of mobile
`mobile devices 10, 12, and 14. The plurality of mobile
`devices, a cellular phone 10, a PDA 12 and set-top box 14,
`devices, a cellular phone 10, a PDA 12 andset-top box 14,
`request the content 6 from the electronic device 2. The
`request the content 6 from the electronic device 2. The
`mobile devices may be cellular phones, PDAs, cable TV or
`mobile devices may be cellular phones, PDAs, cable TV or
`satellite TV set-top boxes, and other similar devices with
`satellite TV set-top boxes, and other similar devices with
`limited resources including Stationary devices (i.e.: a wired
`limited resources including stationary devices (i.e.: a wired
`Set-top box). Although the term wireless device is used
`set-top box). Although the term wireless device is used
`herein interchangeably with the term mobile device, those
`herein interchangeably with the term mobile device, those
`skilled in the art will realize that both wireless and wired
`skilled in the art will realize that both wireless and wired
`devices are within the Scope of present invention and
`devices are within the scope of present
`invention and
`examples using the term wireleSS are intended as illustrative
`examples using the term wireless are intendedas illustrative
`embodiments. The MCF8 translates the content 6 into WAX
`embodiments. The MCF 8 translates the content 6 into WAX
`if the content is in a non-WAX format and then converts the
`if the content is in a non-WAX format and then converts the
`content into So that it is appropriate for the requesting
`content
`into so that
`it
`is appropriate for the requesting
`wireless device 10.12 and 14 from both a language and
`wireless device 10,12 and 14 from both a language and
`device attribute perspective.
`device attribute perspective.
`0016. The MCF 8 uses its own brand of markup language
`[0016] The MCF8 usesits own brand of markup language
`known as Wireless Abstract XML (WAX) with which to
`known as Wireless Abstract XML (WAX) with which to
`describe content. This language is geared exclusively to
`describe content. This language is geared exclusively to
`mobile devices, and combines features of the most common
`mobile devices, and combines features of the most common
`markup languages like WML, HDML and HTML. WAX is
`markup languages like WML, HDML and HTML. WAX is
`designed at a level above other content markup languages
`designed at a level above other content markup languages
`such as WML, HDML and HTML. WAX focuses on “logical
`such as WML, HDMLand HTML. WAXfocuseson “logical
`widgets” that are translated to device-specific content. WAX
`widgets” that are translated to device-specific content. WAX
`is designed to overcome the challenges of graphics and
`is designed to overcome the challenges of graphics and
`user-input on Small devices. For example, a good paradigm
`user-input on small devices. For example, a good paradigm
`for delivering content on mobile phones is a “9-grid” format.
`for delivering content on mobile phonesis a “9-grid” format.
`On a mobile phone, a graphic may be displayed and broken
`On a mobile phone, a graphic may be displayed and broken
`up into 9 Segments (like a tic-tac-toe board), with each
`up into 9 segments (like a tic-tac-toe board), with each
`number on the keypad of the mobile phone acting as an input
`number on the keypad of the mobile phoneacting as an input
`link to each Segment of the grid. This paradigm works well
`link to each segmentof the grid. This paradigm works well
`when navigating and Zooming maps. This paradigm, how
`when navigating and zooming maps. This paradigm, how-
`ever, does not hold true with PDAS since they do not have
`ever, does not hold true with PDAs since they do not have
`numeric keypads. Instead, a PDA displays the “9-grid” using
`numeric keypads. Instead, a PDA displaysthe “9-grid” using
`a set of anchored images that can be clicked on using the
`a set of anchored images that can be clicked on using the
`PDA's stylus.
`PDA’s stylus.
`0017. WAX has been developed such that it is “device
`[0017] WAX has been developed such that it is “device-
`Smart” in that it detects the idiosyncrasies of each device.
`smart” in that it detects the idiosyncrasies of each device.
`For example, the WAP browser on Nokia's phones does not
`For example, the WAP browser on Nokia’s phones does not
`display lists in the same fashion as the browsers on phones
`display lists in the same fashion as the browsers on phones
`from other manufacturers. In addition to running different
`from other manufacturers. In addition to running different
`Software protocols, Some devices which are running the
`software protocols, some devices which are running the
`Same Software may be running different Software versions.
`same software may be running different software versions.
`Some devices have two programmable “soft-keys”, while
`Some devices have two programmable “soft-keys”, while
`others have one. WAX adjusts to the limitations and features
`others have one. WAX adjusts to the limitations and features
`of each device. WAX is also extensible so that as new
`of each device. WAX is also extensible so that as new
`devices becomes available, new translation sheets can be
`devices becomes available, new translation sheets can be
`added easily. For example, if a new device Supports a
`added easily. For example,
`if a new device supports a
`brand-new markup language, a translator for this new device
`brand-new markup language,a translator for this new device
`can be added Seamlessly, without changing any piece of the
`can be added seamlessly, without changing any piece of the
`core WAX architecture.
`core WAX architecture.
`0018. The WAX language may be dynamically translated
`[0018] The WAX language may be dynamically translated
`to a requesting device's native language. The MCF 8
`to a requesting device’s native language. The MCF 8
`dynamically translates WAX into other markup languages
`dynamically translates WAX into other markup languages
`using XML-based technologies. Content is translated from
`using XML-based technologies. Content is translated from
`WAX to languages like WML, HDML and HTML. The
`WAX to languages like WML, HDML and HTML. The
`content is not only translated into a specific language
`content
`is not only translated into a specific language
`appropriate for the device, but also (unlike traditional XSL
`appropriate for the device, but also (unlike traditional XSL
`stylesheets) is tailored based upon the attributes of the
`stylesheets) is tailored based upon the attributes of the
`requesting device. The attributes may involve device fea
`requesting device. The attributes may involve device fea-
`tures, memory, Storage capacity, communication Speed, type
`tures, memory, storage capacity, communication speed, type
`of operating System, and other attributes related to the
`of operating system, and other attributes related to the
`device. Some devices require their own special translation
`device. Some devices require their own special translation
`
`

`

`US 2003/0023755 A1
`US 2003/0023755 Al
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`Jan. 30, 2003
`Jan. 30, 2003
`
`Source while maintaining a separate registry for application
`rules. For example, a WAX “Date-Chooser” renders one
`source while maintaining a separate registry for application-
`rules. For example, a WAX “Date-Chooser” renders one
`Specific device groupings and capabilities.
`way on the limited Screen sizes of mobile phones (possibly
`way on the limited screen sizes of mobile phones (possibly
`speci