What Is Diabetes?
`
`Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high.
`Glucose is your body’s main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but glucose also
`comes from the food you eat.
`
`Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that helps glucose get into your cells to be used for
`energy. If you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough—or any—insulin, or doesn’t use
`insulin properly. Glucose then stays in your blood and doesn’t reach your cells.
`
`Diabetes raises the risk for damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart. Diabetes is also
`linked to some types of cancer. Taking steps to prevent or manage diabetes may lower your
`risk of developing diabetes health problems.
`
`
`
`Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high.
`What are the dierent types of diabetes?
`
`Novo Nordisk Exhibit 2351
`Mylan Pharms. Inc. v. Novo Nordisk A/S
`IPR2023-00724
`Page 00001
`
`

`

`The most common types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
`Type 1 diabetes
`
`If you have type 1 diabetes, your body makes little or no insulin. Your immune system attacks
`and destroys the cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed
`in children and young adults, although it can appear at any age. People with type 1 diabetes
`need to take insulin every day to stay alive.
`Type 2 diabetes
`
`If you have type 2 diabetes, the cells in your body don’t use insulin properly. The pancreas may
`be making insulin but is not making enough insulin to keep your blood glucose level in the
`normal range. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. You are more likely to
`develop type 2 diabetes if you have risk factors, such as overweight or obesity, and a family
`history of the disease. You can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood.
`
`You can help delay or prevent type 2 diabetes by knowing the risk factors and taking steps
`toward a healthier lifestyle, such as losing weight or preventing weight gain.
`Gestational diabetes
`
`Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. Most of the time,
`this type of diabetes goes away after the baby is born. However, if you’ve had gestational
`diabetes, you have a higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Sometimes
`diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy is type 2 diabetes.
`Prediabetes
`
`People with prediabetes have blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not high
`enough to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. If you have prediabetes, you have a higher risk of
`developing type 2 diabetes in the future. You also have a higher risk for heart disease than
`people with normal glucose levels.
`Other types of diabetes
`
`A less common type of diabetes, called monogenic diabetes, is caused by a change in a single
`gene. Diabetes can also come from having surgery to remove the pancreas, or from damage to
`the pancreas due to conditions such as cystic brosis
` or pancreatitis.
`How common are diabetes and prediabetes?
`
`
`
`More than 133 million Americans have diabetes or prediabetes.1
`
`Novo Nordisk Exhibit 2351
`Mylan Pharms. Inc. v. Novo Nordisk A/S
`IPR2023-00724
`Page 00002
`
`

`

`As of 2019, 37.3 million people—or 11.3% of the U.S. population—had diabetes.1 More than 1 in
`4 people over the age of 65 had diabetes. Nearly 1 in 4 adults with diabetes didn’t know they
`had the disease.2
`
`About 90% to 95% of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes.3
`
`In 2019, 96 million adults—38% of U.S. adults—had prediabetes.4
`What other health problems can people with
`diabetes develop?
`
`Over time, high blood glucose can damage your heart, kidneys, feet, and eyes. If you have
`diabetes, you can take steps to lower your chances of developing diabetes health problems by
`taking steps to improve your health and learning how to manage the disease. Managing your
`blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels can help prevent future health problems.
`
`Managing your blood glucose levels can help prevent future health problems, such as damage to
`your eyes.
`References
`
`[1] National diabetes statistics report, 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated January 18,
`2022. Accessed August 4, 2022. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html
`
`
`
`Novo Nordisk Exhibit 2351
`Mylan Pharms. Inc. v. Novo Nordisk A/S
`IPR2023-00724
`Page 00003
`
`

`

`[2] Prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. National diabetes statistics report, 2022. Centers
`for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated September 30, 2022. Accessed November 1, 2022. www.cdc.gov/di
`abetes/data/statistics-report/diagnosed-undiagnosed-diabetes.html
`
`
`
`[3] Methods. National diabetes statistics report, 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated
`September 30, 2022. Accessed November 1, 2022. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/methods.html
`
`
`
`[4] Prevalence of prediabetes among adults. National diabetes statistics report, 2022. Centers for Disease
`Control and Prevention. Updated September 30, 2022. Accessed November 1, 2022. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/dat
`a/statistics-report/prevalence-of-prediabetes.html
`
`
`
`Last Reviewed April 2023
`
`
`
`Previous:
`Diabetes Overview
`
`Symptoms & Causes 
`
`Next:
`
`This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK),
`part of the National Institutes of Health. NIDDK translates and disseminates research ndings to increase knowledge
`and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced
`by NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.
`
`NIDDK would like to thank:
`Daniel Bessesen, M.D., University of Colorado; Domenico Accili, M.D., Columbia University
`
`Contact Us
`
`Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. ET, Monday - Friday
`Email: healthinfo@niddk.nih.gov
`Phone: 1-800-860-8747
`TTY: 711
`
`   
`
`Novo Nordisk Exhibit 2351
`Mylan Pharms. Inc. v. Novo Nordisk A/S
`IPR2023-00724
`Page 00004
`
`