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`GSM ..UMTS
`
`The Creation of Global Mobile Communication
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`APPLEINC./ Page 1 of 44
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`Ex.1101
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`GSM and UMTS
`The Creation of Global Mobile Communication
`
`Edited by
`
`Friedhelm Hillebrand
`Consulting Engineer, Germany
`
`With contributions from 37 key players involved in the work for GSM and UMTS
`
`
`
`W,
`
`
`
`JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD
`
`Ex.1101
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`Copyright © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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`International (+44) 1243 779777
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`Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`GSM and UMTS: the creation of global mobile communications / [edited by
`p. cm.
`Includes bibliographical references and index.
`ISBN 0-470-84322-5
`1. Global system for mobile communications.I. Hillebrand, Friedhelm.
`TK5103.483 .G7496 2001
`384.5/35-de21
`
`| Friedhelm Hillebrand.
`
`2001045565
`
`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
`ISBN 0470 84322 5
`
`Services Ltd, Shannon,Ireland.
`Typeset in Times by Deerpark Publishing
`ational Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall.
`Printed and bound in Great Britain by T. J. Intern
`This bookis printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainableforestry, in which atleast two trees
`
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` Communication
`
`Chapter 8: The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI 215
`eens
`
`
`This common concept would be based on UMTSservice innovation, UTRA and the GSM
`core network evolution. This result had been prepared and enabled by a network ofinterested
`
`companies active at the global level.
`
`
`
`
`8.2.6.2 The Efficient Global Open Organisation of the UMTS and GSM Specification
`Work in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`responding to
`
`ir position at
`and a question
`
`aical analysis,
`‘ the resulting
`
`ais is more an
`
`UTRAallows
`
`in the work of
`
`» several Qual-
`would reduce
`
`8.2.6.2.1 Problem Situation
`The implementation of the agreement on the UMTS cornerstones within the existing
`organisations would have been unmanageable. Three committees in different continents
`would have worked on the UMTSradio specifications (SMG2, T1P1.5 radio sub-working
`group, ARIB), several other committees would have worked on network aspects (SMG12 and
`SMG3, TIP1.5 network sub-working group, TTC). The situation in other key areas like
`services, SIM, O&M would have been comparably difficult. There would have been no
`overall decision-making body for conflict resolution. Therefore, the global strategic agree-
`ment on the UMTScornerstonescalled for a new moreefficient global organisational solu-
`tion, in order to lead the agreement on the cornerstones to a complete and consistent UMTS
`system specification available in time for the market.
`
`
`
`8.2.6.2.2 Proposal to Initiate a Partnership Project for GSM and UMTS
`
`
`
`In order to secure the integrity of GSM and UMTS, the cohesion between GSM and UMTS,
`the ongoing cross-fertilisation between UMTSand GSMandanefficient specification work,
`
`I proposedin the fourth quarter of 1997 to create an ETSI Partnership Project for UMTS
`
`and GSM to several network operators and manufacturers. This would provide a single lean
`working structure and would be opento all committed parties world-wide. This Partnership
`Project model had been developed in the ETSI reform in 1996, but had never been used.
`This Partnership Project for GSM and UMTS was proposed by several GSM network
`
`_ Operators at SMG#24 in December 1997.!!” The document “Future Organisation for GSM
`and UMTSStandardisation”, source T-Mobil, Mannesmann Mobilfunk, E-Plus Mobilfunk,
`
`aimed at a smooth andefficient standardisation processfor the evolution of GSM and towards
`
`UMTS. The GSM community is now a global community of operators and manufacturers but
`
`has experienced difficulties in opening up for a wider participation in ETSI/SMG.Organisa-
`
`tions from outside Europestill cannot become full ETSI members. Even voting rights for
`
`8ciate members in Technical Bodies were not endorsed by ETSI’s General Assembly in
`vember 1997. Present working methods with ANSI T1P1 on common GSM specifications
`Proven asa bestpossible solution for co-operation with other standard bodies, but they are
`complex. This situation calls for a closer and-more efficient overall co-operation. The
`
`came visible at
`MoUAssociation and especially the Asian Pacific Interest Group (APIG) of GSM MoU
`between
`
`©Xpressed their desire to participate fully in GSM workandin third generation stan-
`
`Jorth America
`sation and to ensure roaming with Japan.
`a
`
`zo these reasons, these three companies proposedthe establishment of SMG asthejoint
`
`»_. 8 Structure among the interested bodies to produce GSM and UMTSstandards for
`
`I (as an ETSI partnership project) and for the other interested bodies, avoiding parallel
`
`F * and overhead co-ordination; current budget allocations for ETSI/SMGto be considered
`
`SMG P-97-1062
`Submitted by T-Mobil, Mannesmann and Eplus.
`
`
`
`iisation of the
`
`Ictober 1998
`
`sition.'!” They
`
`for the resolu-
`were expected
`
`‘ly Re-
`ad UMTS
`
`1 TTC (Japan)
`
`
`
`
`
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`216
`
`GSM and UMTS:The Creation of Global Mobile Communication
`
`as an asset for this possible joint working structure; the SMG chairman to carry out an
`os :
`120
`exploratory mission
`his sense.”
`p
`y
`in tl
`
`8.2.6.2.3 Endorsementof the Partnership Project by Technical Committee SMG and
`Mandate for Exploratory Missions
`
`{
`
`After an intensive discussion and some revisions of the document it was approved by
`SMG#24 in December 1997.'?! This included a mandate for exploratory missions to Japan
`and the US. This mission mandate was endorsed by the chairman of the ETSI General
`Assembly and Boardas well as the ETSI director general in a meeting on 13 January 1997
`in Sophia Antipolis.
`I gaveafirst progress report to SMG#24bis in January 1999. ' ThenI led — as mandated by
`SMG~an exploratory mission to Japan on 3-11 February 1998. We founda stronginterestin
`such an intensified co-operation’”’. The following summary wasagreed in the meeting on 5-6
`February 1998 between ETSI SMG, UMTSForum, GSMA, ARIB, TTC and ANSI TIP1:
`“1. There is interest to create commonspecifications for IMT -2000in the areas of terminals,
`radio access networks and core networks
`2. It was recognised that the developmentofthese standardsin parallel organisations would be
`slow and could lead to unnecessary differences
`3. It was agreed that the best way to proceed would be to further explore the creation of a
`common working structure (a “Project”) to produce common specifications.
`4. Such a Project, built on agreed commoninterests, would need appropriate recognition by as
`well as relationship / membership to the standardisation bodies.
`5. A procedurefora transition phaseinto the full implementation of the Project would needto be
`worked out.” !*
`This wasthe basic agreementfor the creation of the Third Generation Partnership Project
`
`13. It was also presented to SMG and
`
`B
`
`8.2.6.2.4 Lead Taken by the ETSI Board
`
`Creation of the UMTSGlobalisation Group
`Dueto the fundamentalimportancethe creation of such a Partnership Project hadfor ETSI,
`the ETSI Board created the UMTS Globalisation Group with a strong SMG participa On,
`whoundertook the negotiationsfor the implementation (see Chapter 9, Section 1). This 8%
`was chaired by Karl Heinz Rosenbrock, the ETSI director general.
`Theinterest of the GSM and UMTS community wasespecially actively supported by '
`membersof the ETSI Board in the UMTS Globalisation Group and in ETSI Board meet
`Wolf Haas of Mannesmann Mobilfunk, Kari Lang of Nokia and Tom Lindstrom of Erie’
`Their contribution was decisive for the ultimate success, the creation of 3GPP.
`Great help for the ultimate resolution came also from the UMTS Forum and the che
`
`'20 Extract from the SMG#24 Meeting Report (CD ROM folder B1), Section 3.3
`1 SMG P-97-1154.
`SMGP-98-0009.
`3 Report on the Japan mission in SMG P-98-0112.
`24 This summary is contained in SMG P-98-0112 as appendix B
`Board in February 1998.
`
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`
`:Chapter 8: The UMTSStandardisation Work in ETSI 217
`
`
`
`‘ommunication
`
`carry out an
`
`e SMG and
`
`approved by
`sions to Japan
`ETSI General
`
`January 1997
`
`mandated by
`‘ong interest in
`neeting on 5-6
`ANSI TIPI:
`
`of terminals,
`
`ons would be
`
`creation of a
`
`ygnition by as
`
`uld need to be
`
`nership Project.
`
`
`
`Factions in the UMTS Globalisation Group
`There was a very strong polarisation between three factions in the UMTS Globalisation
`Group. They were notofficially organised. Therefore, I will name and describe them briefly:
`“Greater ETSI faction”: they wanted an even stronger and greater role for ETSI in the
`future in UMTS. They feareda big loss, if SMG the greatest producer of deliverables in ETSI
`were to “emigrate”to the Partnership Project. They tried to bring non-Europeanpartners into
`ETSI. But after the decision of the ETSI General Assembly to grant these parties only
`associate membership without voting rights, this was not attractive to the non-Europeans.
`In the UMTS Globalisation Groupthey tried in the beginning to block the Partnership Project
`and later to minimise the scope of work to be transferred to the Partnership Project.
`“Fixed-mobile convergence faction”: this community came from a fixed network back-
`ground. They hoped to reach fixed-mobile convergence by bringing the relatively indepen-
`dent GSM/UMTSwork into an organisation which would be created by melting the existing
`fixed network committees with SMG underthe leadership of the fixed side. Their UMTS
`vision was dominated by fixed-mobile convergence as a high priority. They lacked in their
`groups dealing with the fixed network evolution towards third generation a sufficient support
`and momentum. They wanted to keep GSM and UMTSin ETSIin orderto reach their targets
`and to exploit the SMG momentum and know-how. Theytried in the beginning to block the
`creation of the Partnership Project. Later they tried to limit the scope ofthe transferred work
`as muchas possible.
`“GSM-UMTSfaction”: due to the global acceptance of GSM and the UMTScornerstones
`they needed an efficient globally open work structure which dealt with all system aspects.
`Their prime concern was the progress of their GSM-based UMTSvision. This was comple-
`mented with work on the “mobile-fixed convergence”. They saw that the number of mobile
`users would very soon be muchbiggerthan the numberoffixed users. They wanted to transfer
`all GSM and UMTSworkinto the Partnership Project.
`
`ThomasBeijer. His diplomacy, bridge building ability and the ability not to give up strategic
`targets was an indispensable key to the ultimate success.
`SMGwasrepresentedin the UMTSGlobalisation Group by Gunnar Sandegren (SMG vice
`chairman), Francois Grassot (ECTEL TMSchairman) and me as SMG chairman.
`
`ct had for ETSL
`G participation,
`n 1). This group
`
`pported by three
`Board meetings
`rom of Ericssom
`PP.
`{
`nd the chairman
`
`The Decision of the ETSI General Assembly Which Freed the Way for 3GPP
`Dueto the strong polarisation in ETSI a decision of the General Assembly on principles
`aS needed in September 1998. During this General Assembly I was charged with negotiat-
`ing a compromise, which was acceptable to the whole ETSI membership. The compromise
`Proposal foresaw:
`* W create 3GPP for an initial phase of UMTS;
`* to keep GSM in ETSI: and
`tf create the ETSI Project UMTS for long-term UMTSaspects.
`This Proposal was endorsed with a very high majority. It cleared the way to the 3GPP
`“ment signed in December 1998.
`
`Success of 3GPP
`first 3GPP Technical Meeting in December 1998 attracted 350 delegates and the level
`
`:
`
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`GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication
`
`of participation and contributions remained high. 3GPP produced a commonset of Technical
`Specifications for UMTS based on service innovation, UTRA and the GSM core network
`evolution. The work was started in December 1998. The Technical Specifications of UMTS
`Release 99 were completed in December 1999. Some smaller issues were resolved by March
`2000. For this purpose all pure UMTS work was transferred from SMG to 3GPP during the
`first quarter of 1999. The responsibility for the common GSM and UMTSspecifications was
`transferred in the third quarter of 1999. 3GPP was supported by a large number of SMG
`contributors and SMGleaders. The full-time program managers of the SMGtechnical support
`were made available to 3GPP. All proven SMG working methods were made available to
`3GPP.
`In autumn 1999 ANSI TIPI and TIA with UWCCproposedthe transfer of the remaining
`GSM work (mainly EDGE, SIM and mobile station testing) to 3GPP in order to ensure the
`cohesion betweenthe classic GSM and UMTS. The ETSI Board endorsed this proposalbased
`on a review and recommendation of SMG. A Board ad-hoc group was installed with SMG
`representation. The negotiations between the partners led to an acceptance in principle in
`May 2000. Therefore, the remaining GSM activities were transferred to 3GPP in mid-2000,
`ETSI Project UMTSattracted 30-50 delegates and did not have the momentum to produce
`UMTSspecifications. It was closed in 2000.
`So finally the SMGvision of 3GPP was realised. The creation of 3GPP ensurestheintegrity
`of GSM and UMTS,the cohesion between GSM and UMTSand the cross-fertilisation of
`GSM and UMTS.3GPPallowsall interested and committed organisations, e.g. regulators,
`network operators and manufacturers world-wide to participate in the work with equalrights.
`
`126 p_99-736.
`
`§.2.7 Complementary Work to 3GPP in ETSI
`8.2.7.1 The Transposition of 3GPP Documents in ETSI Documents
`After the creation of 3GPP the question arose, how to “transpose” the 3GPP documents into |
`ETSI documents and whetherthere is a need for additional documents. 3GPP elaborates and
`approves common Technical Specifications and Technical Reports, which should be traiis=
`posed into ETSI documents.I developed the following concept, which was endorsed by SMG
`and the ETSI Board.'”
`3GPPis acknowledged by the ETSIinternal rules as an ETSI Technical Body. Thereté
`Technical Specifications and Reports approved by 3GPPare to be recognised directly aS B19"
`Technical Specifications and Reports without another “ETSIinternal approval”. They can
`published directly by the ETSISecretariat.
`Besides Technical Specifications and Reports there are in ETSI European Standards (E
`They are approved by an ETSI Technical Body andthen in a secondstep by the whole E
`membership with the assistance of the National Standardisation Organisations.
`A broad demand survey” regarding the demand for ENsin autumn 1999 showed .
`demandfor ENsexists for the purposes of the R&TTE-Directive only (access of termim
`the market). All other demand can be covered by Technical Specifications.
`mmittee Z
`These ENs should be elaborated and approved by a “pure” European Co
`
`15 p.99-751.
`
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`
`
`Chapter 8: The UMTSStandardisation Work in ETSI
`
`
`
`
`Technical Committee SMG). In this process 3GPP results should be referred to as much as
`possible.
`
`
`
`obile Communication
`
`
`aon set of Technical
`GSMcore network
`sifications of UMTS
`e resolved by March
`to 3GPP during the
`'S specifications was
`‘ge number of SMG
`AG technical support
`ce made available to
`
`sfer of the remaining
`n order to ensure the
`sd this proposalbased
`s installed with SMG
`ytance in principle in
`o 3GPP in mid-2000.
`1omentum to produce
`
`P ensuresthe integrity
`» cross-fertilisation of
`itions, e.g. regulators,
`vork with equal rights:
`
`82.7.2 The Elaboration of European UMTS/IMT-2000 Harmonised Standards for
`
`Terminals Pursuant to the R&TTE Directive
`
`
`In orderto avoid barriers to internationaltrade the European Commission requested ETSI ina
`
`letter in December 1999 to produce European harmonised standards pursuantto the R&TTE
`
`Directive, which “would typically describe emission masks ensuring proper coexistence of
`
`the different members of the IMT-2000 family and that it would be aligned with similar
`
`standards outside the Community”.
`
`I was charged by SMG with forminga small delegation and to talk to the different parties
`
`involved to explore a way forward. A strategic framework and several technical documents
`
`were elaborated and endorsed by SMG.Theprinciples were endorsed by the ETSI Board. A
`
`joint ERM/SMGTask Force was formed in May 2000 to do the technical work.
`
`Thestrategic framework document developed by me and endorsed by Technical Commit-
`
`tee SMG!”identifies the regulatory requirements and contains the following key targets for
`
`the standardisation work:
`
` * ETSI needs to produce harmonised standards for all IMT-2000 systems.
`® The work can reference ITU, 3GPP2 and TIAspecificationsdirectly. There is no need to
`
`transpose these into ETSI documents.
`
`* The harmonised standards will be produced by a joint ERM/SMG Task Force and EP
`
`DECT.
`
`* Thefirst release of the harmonised standard needs to be completed ideally in October
`
`2000.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8.2.7.3 Technical Committee MSG, the New Body for ENs
`
`is the elaboration and approval of ENs needed for
`The work, which remains in ETSI,
`
`regulatory purposes. For this task I proposed to create a new body Technical Committee
`
`MSG (Mobile Standards Group) andits termsof reference. This was endorsed by SMG"and
`
`approved by the ETSI Board.It started in June 2000.
`anical Body. Therefore
`
`
`gnised directly as E
`
`approval”. They cam be |
`$.2.7.3.1 EP SCP (ETSI Project Smart Card Platform)
`
`if
`
`W€ generic smart-card work and the work on commonlowerlayer functions for smart-cards
`opean Standards (ENS).
`all 3G systems wastransferred to EP SCP which wascreated in March 2000.
`
`step by the whole
`7
`
`anisations.
`;
`mn 1999 showedthat
`5 Conclusions
`y (access of termi
` Ming the period from April 1996 to February 1999 ETSI Technical Committee SMG
`
`cations.
`{
`ated a UMTS strategy consensus on a vision which was based on services’ innovation,
`ropean Committee (
`
`€volution
`and Internet orientation. All basic concepts for the UMTS standard were
` f
`_SMGP-00-194.
`P-00-183.
`
`
`
`
`s
`
`3GPP documentsinto
`5. 3GPP elaborates and
`which should be trans-
`was endorsed by SMG
`
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`220
`
`GSM and UMTS:The Creation of Global Mobile Communication
`
`elaborated and agreed. Verydifficult decisions like the UTRA decision were taken. On this
`basis a set of reports and raw specifications were produced. The creation of a globally open
`efficient new working structure, the 3GPP, was initiated and broughtto life. All UMTSand
`GSM work wastransferred to 3GPP. The necessary changes in ETSI were initiated. Then
`the Technical Committee SMGwas closed at the end of July 2000 since its mission was
`
`
`
`fulfilled.
`
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`

`imunication
`
`en. Onthis
`ybally open
`UMTSand
`
`"siona
`
`Chapter 9: The Third Generation
`Partnership Project (3GPP)
`
`Section 1: The Creation of 3GPP
`Karl Heinz Rosenbrock!
`
`
`
`Havingreadthetitle, it should not surprise you that this section deals with the creation of the
`Partnership Project for the standardisation of a Third Generation Mobile Communications
`System (3GPP).
`Why, you mayask,in a history book aboutthe GSM and UMTSdevelopment, do I want to
`talk about the establishment of a partnership project? Isn’t it the most natural thing to do?
`This is, of course, a stance an insider can take today — after nearly 30 months of 3GPP’s
`creation and the smooth andsuccessful running of this project.
`As this section will eventually show,it took quite some time, filled with tough and even
`passionate discussions, before the goal was achieved. Approaching this idea from a rather
`philosophical point of view, one should not be too surprised about the big efforts needed,
`because already the old Greek ancestors knew that “prior to being successful the Gods will
`demand some sweat”...”
`This section starts with some general considerations leading the European Telecommuni-
`cations StandardsInstitute (ETSI) membership towardsa global approachin standardisation
`and then deals with the establishmentofan ad hoc group of the ETSI Board (UGG = UMTS
`Globalisation Group) to address the matter of global standardisation in this context and the
`related meetings and discussions. Afterwards, the 3GPP will be described in a rather general
`Manner, highlighting how it works, who the stakeholders are and dealing with the results
`achieved so far. The section is rounded up with the relationship towards the International
`Telecommunication Union (ITU) andotherinitiatives as well as a few concluding remarks.
`
`+ First Approaches to Globalisation —
`Ne
`te-engineering process ETSI, the “Excellent” Telecommunications Standards Institute
`re Europe, undertook in the years 1995/1996 — only 7 yearsafterits creation — resulted in
`ong others a kind of mission statementfor the Institute: “Making international standards
`Mppen first in Europe”.
`
`ieWs expressedin this section are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of his affiliation
`
`of my crueltranslations of a German idiom “Vor den Erfolg haben die Gétter den Schwei gesetzt”...
`
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`GSM and UMTS:The Creation of Global Mobile Communication
`
`With this short excerpt of some basic results stemming from the ETSI re-ene
`
`Classical examples of ETSI successstories that witness this slogan are amongothers: the
`Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM); Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommu-
`nications (DECT); Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);
`Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), just to name a few of them.
`In positioning ETSI in the standardisation landscape, it became clear that the trends and
`changes towards globalisation, convergence and new value chains would lead to the creation
`of a huge volume of standards making space. Furthermore, it was not tenable for ETSIto try
`to fill the entire space. Choices had to be made.In addition, the investigations revealed that
`collaboration by means of appropriate partnerships could be a promising formula.
`ETSIconsciously withstood the temptation to become a global standards body. Butit has
`always undertaken great efforts to ensure thatall of its products, i.e. deliverables, such as
`European Norms (ENs), ETSI Standards (ESs), ETSI Technical Specifications (TSs), ete.
`satisfy real market needs and havethe potential to become global standards. The ITU remains
`ETSI’s global partner of choice. But the fast moving markets were expected to require ETS]
`to supplementthis with various international partnerships on a case-by-case basis.
`The high level task force that undertook the ETSI review in 1995/1996 advisedthe Institute
`that it had to sustain its core competence of making high quality standards for large and
`complex telecommunications systems. But, if neat demarcation lines are going to cease to
`exist, then ETSI must inevitably move more into the IT, audio-visual and otherfields. It
`should dothis in good partnerships, where other Standards Developing Organisations (SDOs)
`or appropriate fora and consortia are willing to co-operate with ETSI. Retrenchmentby ETSI
`was not considered to be in Europe’s interest.
`Otherresults of interest here, of ETSI’s re-engineering process after 7 years of existence
`were:
`e to reduce the hierarchical structure in the Technical Organisation to a minimum;
`© to delegate power(of approval,etc.) to the Technical Bodies where the main workis being
`done;
`to focus on semi-autonomousprojects;
`to aim at proper project management;
`to allow the creation of ETSI Partnerships Projects (EPPs);
`to streamline and rationalise the ETSI Working Procedures;
`to improve the use of electronic tools for further rationalisation and innovation;
`to use audio and video conferencing;
`to broadcast inter-active meetings;
`to increase standards promotion activities;
`to facilitate and to promote direct electronic access to ETSI documents anddeliver
`free of charge.
`Regarding ETSI’s external relations the advice given was: that ETSI should add
`strength through partnerships in complementing areas, ceding some sovereignty on 460"
`case basis to achieve common purposes.
`ETSI should continueits dialogue (in GSC/RAST) with its major regional/national
`7
`terparts, with the objective of strengthening arrangements for effective co-operation ™
`prepared to enter into bilateral co-operation on a case-by-case basis.
`
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`umunication
`
`Chapter 9: The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
`
`others: the
`elecommu-
`ing (DVB);
`
`: trends and
`the creation
`ETSI to try
`evealed that
`ja.
`y. Butit has
`ples, such as
`s (TSs), ete.
`ITU remains
`require ETSI
`isis.
`1 the Institute
`for large and
`ig to cease to
`ther fields. It
`ations (SDOs)
`ment by ETSI
`
`‘s of existence
`
`imum;
`1 work is being
`
`vation;
`
`
`
`process undertaken in the middle of the 1990s, we have the fertile soil, i.e. the driving forces,
`motivations, basic elements needed in orderto establish a partnership project.
`The tremendoussuccess story of GSM may have even led some ETSI membersto believe
`that it would have been the most natural choice to repeatthis with the third generation mobile
`communication system within ETSI, too. Butfor insiders it became clear that such a success
`could not be guaranteed another time.
`After having dealt with the ETSI internal change in orientation from Europe-centric to
`international and global, let’s have a short look at the first attempts at getting into closer
`contact with our partners. Let’s start with our American friends.
`In Sections 5.3 and 5.4 the standardisation work on PCS 1900 in ANSI TIPI1as well as the
`new co-operation between ANSI TIP1 and ETSI Technical Committee SMG are described.
`The relationship between ANSI TIP1 and ETSI TC SMGstarted in 1996/1997. Both
`Technical Committees were working on independentsets of Technical Specifications,i.e.
`GSM 1900 in the US and GSM 900/1800 in Europe, etc. Parallel working with different
`speeds includes the risk of differences that may result in incompatibilities. In order to avoid
`these difficulties both SDOsagreed to merge the two independentsets of specifications into a
`common one and to further develop it commonly using a co-ordinated approach,i.e. each
`work item and the results were approved in both committees and incorporated into the
`commonspecifications.
`Despite the fact that the co-operation between T1P1 and SMGwasexcellent, it suffered a
`little from the fact that the double approval process and the difficult co-ordination processat
`several levels, e.g. first in TIP1 and then within SMG, were not very efficient and too time
`consuming. Oneofthe lessonslearnt from this exercise was: Why don’t we really co-operate,
`ie. work together, from the very beginning — then avoiding any type of “approval ping-
`pong”? This was another goodreason to consider what and howto improve the standardisa-
`tion work for the third generation...
`Now let’s have a look at the relationships with our friends from Asia.
`In the People’s Republic of China, network operators had implemented large GSM
`networks based on existing ETSI standards.In orderto avoid divergence, Chinese authorities
`(RITT) joined ETSI as an associate member and participated fully in the work of ETSI TC
`SMGsince 1997. Thus, it was possible to fully integrate the Chinese requirements into the
`standardisation process within TC SMGin order to secure the integrity of GSM between
`China and the “rest of the world”.
`In the meantime — with the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA)decision in January
`1998 — contacts with Japanese ARIB/TTCcolleagues had beenestablished within ETSI TC
`SMG. These contacts had started in spring 1997, 1 year earlier
`_ Discussions on the Technical Committee working level at the end of 1997 and the begin-
`Hing of 1998 between ETSI, ARIB/TTC,and TIP1° led to the hope that the creation of a
`eeamon UMTSconcept applicable in all territories — and thus de facto globally — was
`hould add to its
`i Such a concept could be based on UMTS service innovation, UTRA and the
`aty ona case-by*
`M core network evolution.
`oo words, there was from the beginningalot of goodwill available from all sides to
`4l/national cout:
`dertake something in common. But how to doit? It becameclear that to perform the
`operation an
`Standardisation within the three (or more) existing organisations would have been
`Y unmanageable. Three committees in different continents could have developed the
`B
`:
`More information is in Chapter 8, Section 8.2.6.2.3
`
`nd deliverables:
`
`5] re-engineenie
`
`’
`
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` GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication
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`UMTSradiospecifications whilst several other committees would have worked on network
`aspects. Thesituation in other key areas, such as services, Subscriber Identification Module
`(SIM), and Operation and Maintenance would have been equally difficult. Furthermore, there
`would have been nooverall decision-making body for the resolution of possible conflicts. All
`these difficulties sketched out here simply called for a new and much moreeffective global
`organisational solution.
`‘As the friends from ARIB were quite interested in developing a commonradio interface
`whose key parameters had been agreed in Japan and in the UTRAradio interface decision in
`January 1997, a delegation from the ETSI TC SMG undertook an exploratory mission to
`Japan on 5 and 6 February 1998in order to find out whetheror not a kind of co-operation with
`them would be possible. Further information is given in Chapter 8, Section 8.2.6.2.3.
`These informal contacts on the working level revealed that there was a good resonance on
`the Japaneseside. In an association like ETSI, there is not only the working level, there are
`other levels as well, e.g. the General Assembly (GA), the highest ETSI authority, and the
`Board, a body with some 25 clearly identified powers delegated by the GA. In 1997/1998the
`first ETSI Board could have