(12) United States Patent
`Kim et al.
`
`USOO6496361B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,496,361 B2
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Dec. 17, 2002
`
`(54) EMBEDDED CMOS CAMERA IN A LAPTOP
`COMPUTER
`
`(75) Inventors: Jason S. Kim, Campbell, CA (US);
`Richard T. Hsu, San Jose, CA (US)
`(73) Assignee: Acer Incorporated (TW)
`c:
`(*) Notice:
`This patent issued on a continued pros
`ecution application filed under 37 CFR
`1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year
`tent t
`f 35 U.S.C.
`f Ry) rm proVISIons o
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/192,837
`(22) Filed:
`Nov. 16, 1998
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2001/0014006 A1 Aug. 16, 2001
`(51) Int. Cl." .................................................. G06F 1/16
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 361/683; 361/686: 395/893;
`348/376
`(58) Field of Search ................................. 361/683,686,
`361/705.01; 395/893: 348/376
`s
`s
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`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,359,362 A 10/1994 Lewis et al. .................. 348/15
`5,402,170 A 3/1995 Parulski et al. ............. 348/211
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`NORTH
`BRIDGE
`(433BX)
`
`BRIDGE
`(PUX4E)
`
`allellSll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`2
`
`- Y -
`
`5,463,742 A 10/1995 Kobayashi .................. 395/281
`5,550,754 A
`8/1996 McNelley et al. ...... 364/514 A
`5,576,757 A 11/1996 Roberts et al. ............. 348/207
`3. A : RC SNR, al. .................3
`5,710,728. A
`1/1998 Danielson et al. .......... 364/707
`5,748,441 A 5/1998 Loritz et al. ................ 361/683
`5,768,163 A * 6/1998 Smith, II ........
`... 364/705.01
`5,983,073 A * 11/1999 Ditzik ....................... 455/11.1
`6,094,700 A * 7/2000 Deschepper et al. ........ 710/129
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Pathak, Sanjiv, “The Zoomed Video Port for PC Cards,”
`Copyright PCMCIA Mar. 1996, pp. 1-4.
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner Darren Schuberg
`Assistant Examiner Yean-Hsi Chang
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Townsend and Townsend
`and Crew LLP
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A laptop computer includes a video camera mounted to the
`lid, preferably embedded into the bezel above the display.
`The camera includes a CMOS imaging array, Video data
`from which is communicated along a dedicated path from
`the camera to a graphics controller for output to the display,
`thereby bypassing the system bus. This makes it possible to
`display full frame, full data rate Video with minimum impact
`on the overall System performance. Panning and Zooming
`are implemented by Software that controls the addresses in
`the pixel array from which data are transferred to the
`graphics controller's associated display memory.
`
`16 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets
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`20,25
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`60
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`PS2 - KBD
`PS2 - MOUSE
`CRT - COM
`VGA - NTSC
`USB - 1894
`RJ45 - BUS
`
`NOTEBOOK
`
`MINDOCK
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 17, 2002
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`Sheet 1 of 6
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`US 6,496,361 B2
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`FIG. 1
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`U.S. Patent
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`OWOOc
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 6,496,361 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 17, 2002
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`Sheet S of 6
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`US 6,496,361 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 17, 2002
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`Sheet 6 of 6
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`US 6,496,361 B2
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`ile View Format Tools Windows Options Help
`Camera: ON/OFF/STANDBY
`ViewFinder: ON/OFF
`Remote:ON/OFF
`Color Compensation: R/G/B Alpha/WhiteBalance
`Aperture Control: AGC/ Saturation(min/max)
`Shutter Control: SnapShot/FrameRate/ShutterSpeed
`Microphone Control: AGC/Gain Control
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`Record: ON/OFF:
`
`FIG. 6
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`1
`EMBEDDED CMOS CAMERA IN A LAPTOP
`COMPUTER
`
`US 6,496,361 B2
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`2
`FIG. 4 is a software block diagram of the multimedia
`Subsystem according to the invention;
`FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the camera
`assembly; and
`FIG. 6 shows a representation of a screen window that
`provides an interactive graphics control panel for imple
`menting the camera-module Specific control mechanisms.
`DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
`1.0 System Overview
`FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a laptop computer System
`10 incorporating the present invention. In accordance with
`Standard practice, the laptop computer includes a normally
`horizontal base portion 20 and a hinged lid portion 25. Base
`portion 20 includes a keyboard 30, a pointing device, Such
`as a track pad 32, and System electronics (not shown) located
`inside the base portion generally under keyboard 30. Lid
`assembly 25 includes a flat panel display 35, typically a
`liquid crystal display (LCD), which is surrounded by a bezel
`37. In accordance with the invention, CMOS camera 40, the
`lens 45 of which is shown in the figure, is mounted or
`embedded in bezel 37. The specific implementation of the
`laptop computer is an Intel-compatible processor (e.g., Pen
`tium II with MMX) running Microsoft's Windows 98 or
`Windows NT operating system.
`FIG. 2 is a high-level block diagram of laptop computer
`system 10. The figure is divided into two blocks, the first of
`which, designated “NOTEBOOK', contains substantially
`the elements in base 20 and lid assembly 25. The second
`block, designated "Minidock', provides additional connec
`tivity options, including the capability of coupling to a full
`size keyboard and monitor. The elements in minidock 60 do
`not form part of this invention and will not be described in
`detail.
`The basic architecture includes multiple buses over which
`a CPU 100 communicates with other system resources. The
`buses are arranged in a hierarchy based on Speed and width.
`In particular, CPU 100 communicates with a memory Sub
`system and various I/O (peripheral) devices. The nature of
`these devices is well-known, but ones bearing on the inven
`tion will be described in more detail.
`CPU 100 communicates with a memory subsystem that
`includes system memory 105 and second-level cache
`memory 110. Communication with system memory 105 is
`through a combination bridge and memory controller 115,
`referred to as the north bridge. North bridge 115 couples the
`CPU and memory Subsystem to a high-Speed peripheral bus
`such as a PCI bus 120. An additional bridge 125, referred to
`as the South bridge, couples the PCI bus to a low-speed
`peripheral bus 130. The low-speed peripheral bus is typi
`cally an industry Standard expansion bus, Such as an ISA
`bus, an EISA bus, or an MCA bus.
`In general, PCI bus peripherals are faster and wider
`versions of the same types of peripherals that can be coupled
`to the expansion bus. For example, PCI bus 120 is a 32-bit
`bus that operates at 33 MHz while ISA bus 130 is a 16-bit
`bus-which operates at 8 MHz. The expansion bus has as its
`primary purpose compatibility with past generations of 8-bit
`and 16-bit peripheral devices whose function are Such that
`they can Still perform adequately in a modem System.
`In the specific embodiment, the devices coupled to PCI
`bus 120 include a graphics controller 140 and a PC-card host
`adapter 145. Graphics controller 140 has an associated
`display memory, but in the Specific embodiment graphics
`controller 140 is embodied in a MagicMediaTM (NM2200)
`
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`COPYRIGHT NOTICE
`A portion of the disclosure of this patent document
`contains material which is Subject to copyright protection.
`The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile
`reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent
`disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office
`patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright
`rights whatsoever.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`This application relates generally to Video cameras, and
`more Specifically to CMOS cameras in laptop computers.
`AS Video, telephony, and computers have merged, the
`need for a compact video camera that interfaces to the
`computer has arisen. Video conferencing is a natural
`application, but other applications abound. In View of this
`need, there have been developed Small portable cameras that
`can sit on top of a computer monitor. An example is a family
`of cameras marketed under the QuickCam mark by Con
`nectix Corporation of San Mateo, Calif.
`25
`AS laptop computers have evolved, there was recognized
`a need to provide for improved video input. The Zoomed
`Video (ZV) port was defined to provide a dedicated video
`bus between a PC card slot and a VGA graphics controller.
`The ZV port bypasses the system buses and allows the direct
`transfer of digital video from a PC Card host adapter into the
`graphics controller's associated display memory.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention provides enhanced Video capabili
`ties in the demanding environment of laptop computers.
`Embodiments of the present invention allow image panning
`and Zooming without the need for delicate mechanical
`mechanisms.
`A laptop computer according to an embodiment of the
`invention includes a Video camera mounted to the lid,
`preferably embedded into the bezel above the display. The
`Video data is communicated along a dedicated path from the
`camera to a graphics controller for output to the display,
`thereby bypassing the System bus. This makes it possible to
`display full frame, full data rate Video with minimum impact
`on the overall System performance. In a preferred
`embodiment, the communication makes use of the graphics
`controller's Zoomed Video (ZV) port.
`50
`The camera has an imaging array (preferably a CMOS
`Sensor array) and a fixed focal length lens (preferably wide
`angle). Panning and Zooming are implemented by Software
`that controls the addresses in the pixel array from which data
`are transferred to the graphics controller's associated display
`memory.
`A further understanding of the nature and advantages of
`the present invention may be realized by reference to the
`remaining portions of the Specification and the drawings.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a laptop computer System
`embodying the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is a high-level block diagram of the laptop com
`puter System;
`65
`FIG. 3 is a hardware block diagram of the multimedia
`Subsystem according to the invention;
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`US 6,496,361 B2
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`256AV 256-bit multimedia accelerator chip available from
`NeoMagic Corporation (3260 Jay Street, Santa Clara, Calif.
`95054). This is a single chip that includes the graphics
`controller logic and the Video memory. In addition to graph
`ics capabilities, the particular chip integrates high
`performance audio, Video, and DVD playback capabilities.
`For this reason, graphics controller 140 will be referred to
`hereafter as media processor 140.
`It should be understood, that for Some purposes, the
`relevant functionality is that provided by the graphics con
`troller portion of the chip. Media processor 140, in addition
`to being connected to the PCI bus as mentioned above, is
`connected via an advanced graphics port (AGP) to north
`bridge 115, thereby providing a bypass path So that certain
`transferS can occur without competing for bus cycles on PCI
`bus 120. Display 35 is coupled to media processor 140.
`The media processor includes two video ports (Zoomed
`video or ZV). Camera 40 is coupled to the media processor
`through one ZV port. In addition, PC-card host adapter 145
`is coupled to media processor 140 through the other ZV port
`in order to provide a dedicated video bus for PC cards (e.g.,
`Video capture cards) that might be inserted in the laptop
`computer's PC-card slots.
`Ahard disk drive 170 is connected to South bridge 125. In
`the specific embodiment, devices coupled to ISA bus 130
`include a modem 180, audio Subsystem 190, and a support
`logic chip 200 (National Semiconductor PC87570), which
`provides keyboard and pointing device controllers, a battery
`management controller, an interface to a BIOS (basic input/
`output System) memory 210, and a real time clock.
`2.0 Multimedia Subsystem
`Multimedia Hardware
`FIG. 3 is a hardware block diagram showing additional
`details of the elements that can be considered to constitute
`the multimedia subsystem within system 10. Corresponding
`reference numerals are used for corresponding elements
`shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The multimedia subsystem hard
`ware includes camera 40, audio encoding Sound Subsystem
`190, media processor 140, the high-capacity fast storage
`devices, and the high-bandwidth communications modules.
`While an actual hardware implementation of the modules is
`described for concreteness, embodiments may vary accord
`ing to platform-specific differences.
`Embedded CMOS camera 40 includes, in addition to
`previously mentioned lens 40, an imaging array 220
`(referred to as the camera chip) for generating pixel data
`corresponding to the image formed by lens 45. The camera
`will be described in greater detail below.
`Audio subsystem 190 includes a microphone 225, which
`communicates with a CMOS audio amplifier 230. The
`analog audio output from amplifier 230 is communicated to
`an audio encoder/decoder (codec) 235, which provides a
`digital audio Stream to media processor 140. The connection
`is bidirectional, So that codec 235 can receive a digital audio
`Stream from media processor 140 and convert it to an analog
`audio signal for Output to a set of SpeakerS 240.
`Multimedia Software
`FIG. 4 is a software block diagram of the multimedia
`Subsystem. The multimedia Subsystem Software includes,
`from the top down, interactive user applications, including
`OEM specific applications 250 and generic applications 255,
`the operating system 260 (Windows 98/NT in the specific
`embodiment), a set of OEM-enhanced user interface WDM
`driver control panels, and a platform-specific HAL/BIOS
`65
`service layer. The drivers include a camera driver 265, an
`audio mixer driver 267, and a communications driver 268.
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`Because the actual hardware implementation of the modules
`may vary according to the platform-specific differences, the
`OEM-customizable HAL/BIOS service layer must be added
`to the OEM-specific WDM drivers. Also, to maintain the
`compatibility with generic user applications, all OEM
`specific enhancement calls (shown as 270) must be imple
`mented on top of standard OS function (WDM) calls.
`Consequently, all generic applications should work Seam
`lessly while the OEM-enabled applications take full advan
`tage of the added enhancement features.
`3.0 CMOS Camera Implementation
`FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of camera 40. The
`camera is an assembly that includes camera chip 220, a
`circuit board 280 on which the camera chip and additional
`support circuitry are mounted, a lens holder 285 mounted to
`the circuit board, and lens 45 mounted on the lens holder. In
`a Specific embodiment, the camera chip is a Model No.
`OV7620BD CMOS color digital video image IC available
`from Omni Vision Technologies, Inc. (930 Thompson Place,
`Sunnyvale, Calif. 94086).
`The particular camera chip includes a 640x480 pixel array
`and associated circuitry. The particular circuitry is not part
`of the invention, and will only be described briefly. The
`circuitry includes a video timing generator, a set of pro
`grammable registers coupled to an inter-IC bus (I°C)
`interface, analog processing circuitry for conditioning the
`raw pixel data, and analog-to-digital converters for provid
`ing digital pixel data at a ZV port. The camera chip is
`capable of operating at up to 60 Hz interlaced or 30 Hz
`progressive and can output RGB or YUV color data.
`In contrast to CCD sensors, which are accessed by row,
`the CMOS camera chip allows individual pixel access. This
`makes it possible for the chip to provide a windowing
`feature that allows Selective output of data from a desired
`portion of the pixel array. This is accomplished by loading
`Vertical and horizontal Start and end locations into the
`registers.
`In a preferred embodiment, lens 45 is a fixed focal length
`lens that provides a field of view on the order of 65-70
`degrees. Accordingly, panning and Zooming can be accom
`plished in Software. For panning, a fixed size window
`(typically half size) is moved across the pixel array in
`response to user input Signals. For example, the user may
`operate a Screen controller (Such as a slider), or may specify
`movement in other manners using pointing device 32. These
`user actions are translated to Signals that cause correspond
`ing changes to be made to the Start and end values that are
`loaded into the camera chip registers. Clearly, for a fixed
`window size, the difference between the start and end values
`(vertical and horizontal) must remain constant. Similarly, for
`Zooming, the window Size is changed while maintaining the
`Same center position.
`4.0 Software Implementation
`User control panel
`FIG. 6 shows a representation of a screen window that
`provides an interactive graphics control panel for imple
`menting the camera-module Specific control mechanisms.
`This is partially in view of the fact, noted above, that the
`camera module control mechanism is through the IC bus
`protocol. All Windows 98-specified function calls are also
`supported to meet the PC 98 multimedia audio-video
`requirements, either by emulation or Substitution.
`In a specific implementation the local user's control panel
`provides the following control mechanisms:
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`1. Camera ON/OFF/STANDBY (power rail and low
`power control bits);
`2. ViewFinder ENABLE/DISABLE (local ZV frame
`buffer frame and locator enable/disable);
`3. Remote controller ENABLE/DISABLE (allow con
`figuration function calls or not);
`4. ICONization ENABLE/DISABLE (to allow parking
`the control panel on the Windows 98 control bar);
`5. ZOOM slider/selector (graphical slider for “digital
`Zooming frame);
`6. PAN slider/selector (graphical frame-in-frame locator
`for “digital panning”);
`7. RGB color compensation slider/selector (color, hue,
`alpha, white balancing, etc.);
`8. Aperture/gain control slider/selector (AGC on/off,
`color Saturation floor/ceiling control);
`9. Shutter/frame control Slider/Selector (record, Snapshot,
`frame rates, shutter speed);
`10. Microphone input gain control Slider/Selector
`(normalize and gain controls);
`11. “Sub-title” message encoder and decoder text bars (for
`remote communication and Sub-titling).
`In one specific embodiment, digital or Software panning
`and Zooming are implemented as sliders or other Screen
`controllers, which are displayed along with a frame repre
`Senting the camera window located within a potentially
`larger frame representing the maximum window (the entire
`pixel array). As the user manipulates the Screen controllers,
`the Smaller frame moves and resizes itself within the larger
`frame.
`In an alternative embodiment, the panning and Zooming
`are effected by direct manipulation of the smaller frame. For
`panning, the user would position the cursor within the
`Smaller frame and drag the Smaller frame to desired posi
`tions within the larger frame. For Zooming, the user would
`resize the Smaller frame by dragging on a corner of the
`Smaller frame. The Smaller frame would resize from its
`center. In the case of Zooming in, where the user drags
`outwardly, when one side of the Smaller frame reaches an
`edge of the larger frame, continued dragging would cause
`other edges of the Smaller frame to continue moving
`outwardly, thus Superimposing a pan on the Zoom.
`All Windows 98-specified function calls and all camera
`module specific local user's control panel functions Speci
`fied above are preferably made available for remote users as
`OEM extended function calls.
`Driver Implementation Requirements
`With respect to the I°C bus interface, the camera module
`driver utilizes the IC bus interface controller on the PIX4
`peripheral controller chip to program the camera chip. With
`respect to the ZV interface port, the camera module utilizes
`the secondary ZV port located on media processor 140 for
`the digital video stream from camera chip 220.
`5.0 Conclusion
`While the above is a complete description of specific
`embodiments of the invention, various modifications, alter
`native constructions, and equivalents may be used.
`Therefore, the above description should not be taken as
`limiting the Scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
`What is claimed is:
`1. A laptop computer System comprising:
`a System bus,
`a CPU coupled to said system bus;
`a memory device in communication with said CPU;
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`a graphics controller in communication with Said CPU,
`a display in communication with Said graphics controller;
`a lid portion having a display housing holding Said display
`in a normally vertical orientation during use; and
`a Video camera fixedly mounted to Said display housing at
`a position above Said display, Said Video camera having
`a fixed focal length lens and an imaging array;
`Said Video camera being coupled to Said graphics con
`troller through a dedicated port So as to provide pixel
`data for output to Said display without traveling over
`Said System bus,
`program code Stored in Said memory device for execution
`by said CPU, said program code operable to control the
`transfer of pixel data from Said Video camera to Said
`display So as to implement digital panning and Zoom
`Ing.
`2. The System of claim 1 wherein Said imaging array is a
`CMOS sensor array.
`3. The system of claim 1 wherein said dedicated port is a
`Zoomed Video port.
`4. A laptop computer System comprising:
`a CPU;
`a memory Subsystem;
`a peripheral bus,
`a controller providing communication paths among Said
`CPU, Said memory Subsystem, and Said peripheral bus,
`a graphics controller coupled to Said peripheral bus,
`a display in communication with Said graphics controller;
`a lid portion having a display housing holding Said display
`in a normally vertical orientation during use;
`a Video camera fixedly mounted to Said display housing at
`a position above Said display, Said Video camera having
`a fixed focal length lens and a CMOS Sensor imaging
`array,
`Said Video camera coupled to Said graphics controller
`through a dedicated port So as to provide pixel data for
`output on Said display without traveling over Said
`peripheral bus, and
`program code Stored in Said memory Subsystem for
`execution by Said CPU, said program code operable to
`control the transfer of pixel data from said video
`camera to Said display So as to implement digital
`panning and Zooming.
`5. The system of claim 4 wherein said peripheral bus is a
`PCI buS.
`6. The system of claim 4 wherein said dedicated port is a
`Zoomed video (ZV) port.
`7. The system of claim 4 wherein said graphics controller
`and Said controller additionally communicate via a path that
`is distinct from Said peripheral bus.
`8. The system of claim 7 wherein said path is an advanced
`graphic port (AGP).
`9. The system of claim 4 wherein said video camera has
`a lens that provides a field of view on the order of 65-70
`degrees.
`10. The system of claim 4 wherein said program code
`provides a control panel on Said display, Said control panel
`including a graphical Slider to receive user input to effect
`digital Zooming.
`11. The System of claim 4 wherein Said program code
`provides a control panel on Said display, Said control panel
`including a graphical frame-in-frame locator to receive user
`input to effect digital panning.
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`12. A laptop computer System comprising:
`a CPU;
`a memory Subsystem coupled to said CPU;
`a peripheral bus,
`a controller providing communication paths among Said
`CPU, said memory Subsystem, and Said peripheral bus,
`a media processor coupled to Said peripheral bus,
`Said media processor also being coupled to Said controller
`on a bypass path that avoids Said peripheral bus,
`a display coupled to Said media processor;
`a lid portion having a display housing holding Said display
`in a normally vertical orientation during use;
`a Video camera fixedly mounted to Said display housing at
`a position above Said display, Said Video camera
`coupled to Said media processor through a dedicated
`port So as to provide pixel data for output to Said
`display without traveling over Said peripheral bus, and
`program code Stored in Said memory device for execution
`by said CPU, said program code operable to control the
`
`8
`transfer of pixel data from Said Video camera to Said
`display So as to implement digital panning Zooming.
`13. The system of claim 12 wherein:
`said bypass path uses an advanced graphics port (AGP);
`said peripheral bus is a PCI bus; and
`said dedicated port is a Zoomed Video (ZV) port.
`14. The System of claim 12 wherein Said program code
`provides a control panel on Said display, Said control panel
`including a graphical Slider to receive user input to effect
`digital Zooming.
`15. The system of claim 12 wherein said program code
`provides a control panel on Said display, Said control panel
`including a graphical frame-in-frame locator to receive user
`input to effect digital panning.
`16. The system of claim 12 wherein said video camera
`includes a CMOS Sensor imaging array.
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