(12) United States Patent
`Rainer et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,398,821 B2
`Jul. 15, 2008
`
`USOO7398821B2
`
`(54) INTEGRATED VENTILATION COOLING
`SYSTEM
`(75) Inventors: Leo I. Rainer, Davis, CA (US); David
`A. Springer, Winters, CA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Davis Energy Group, Davis, CA (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 467 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/802,883
`(22) Filed:
`Mar 12, 2001
`O
`O
`Prior Publication Data
`US 20O2/O124992 A1
`Sep. 12, 2002
`
`(65)
`
`4.389,853 A * 6/1983 Hile ......................... 236/49 X
`4,501,125 A * 2/1985 Han
`4,543,796 A * 10/1985 Han et al. ................. 236/49 X
`3.R. A
`g R tal. Ig,
`w J. J.
`Obayasni et al. ............
`5,065,585 A * 1 1/1991 Wylie et al.
`5,096,156 A * 3/1992 Wylie et al.
`5,547,017 A * 8/1996 Rudd ......................... 165,244
`5,881,806 A * 3/1999 Rudd .....
`... 165,244
`5,902,183 A *
`5/1999 SSA - - - -
`... 454,258
`5,924.486 A * 7/1999 Ehlers et al. ......
`... 165.238
`6,098,893 A * 8/2000 Berglund et al. .............. 236,51
`6.250,382 B1* 6/2001 Rayburn et al. ............. 165,248
`6,318,096 B1 * 1 1/2001 Gross et al. ............... 236, 13 X
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner Ljiljana (Lil) V Ciric
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Oliff & Berridge, PLC
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`A system and method for cooling and heating of buildings
`(2006.01)
`F24F II/04
`comprising an integrated assembly of devices, including a
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 165/247; 165/244; 165/248
`variable speed air handler, hot water heating coil, outside air
`s 165 291 454258
`damper, controller, and optional compressor-based air condi
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`i 65/11.1
`tioner. During the Summer the system utilizes nighttime out
`165/50.57,221.244.247.29.1.248. 454/258:
`70 side air for cooling and uses air temperature predictions to
`See application file for complete search history s
`provide information about optimal control settings and to
`maintain comfort. During the winter the system varies airflow
`with heating demand and ventilates with outside air to main
`9.
`tain indoor air quality.
`
`56
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,386,649 A * 6/1983 Hines et al. ................. 165,240
`
`20 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`I
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 15, 2008
`
`Sheet 1 of 2
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`US 7,398,821 B2
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`
`
`FIGURE I
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 15, 2008
`
`Sheet 2 of 2
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`US 7,398,821 B2
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`
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`FIG 2
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`US 7,398,821 B2
`
`1.
`INTEGRATED VENTILATION COOLNG
`SYSTEM
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`2
`blower distributes filtered outside air to all rooms using the
`same ducts as used by the heating and cooling system.
`The ZTECH system, and another system described in U.S.
`Pat. No. 5,902,183, utilize controllers that measure indoor
`and outdoor air temperatures and use these measurements to
`control when the ventilation systems should be operated.
`Both systems ventilate with outside air when outdoor air
`temperature is cooler than indoor air temperature by a
`selected temperature differential, and as long as the indoor air
`temperature is above a fixed low-limit temperature setting.
`Both systems also use controls that are separate from building
`heating and cooling system controls. Field studies conducted
`on homes equipped with the ZTECH system showed that
`homeowners lacked an understanding of how the ventilation
`systems worked and how they could be used to reduce energy
`use and improve comfort, A fixed indoor low-limit tempera
`ture setting employed by the ZTECH controls can cause
`excessive cooling on mild or cool days. Also, the controls
`provide no feedback to encourage lower indoor temperature
`settings that would avert air conditioner use on hot days.
`Until recent years, normal leakage through gaps in con
`struction assemblies has been Sufficient to maintain indoor air
`quality at healthy levels in dwellings. Modern building stan
`dards and construction practices intended to conserve energy
`have resulted in much tighter buildings with less leakage.
`Several states have adopted regulations that require mechani
`cal ventilation to exhaust indoor contaminants including car
`bon dioxide, carbon monoxide, excessive moisture, indoor
`allergens, and volatile organic compounds given off by car
`peting and other building materials. Devices available to meet
`mechanical ventilation requirements include continuously
`operated bathroom fans, heat recovery ventilators, and sys
`tems that duct outside air into heating/cooling system return
`air ducts. In the latter category, LipideX produces an AirCy
`clerTM air handler system, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,547,017 and
`5,881,806, that includes an outside air duct connected
`between the return air plenum of a forced air heating unit and
`an outside air intake. A controller operates a motorized
`damper in the outside air duct and cycles the heating unit
`blower to provide fresh air. To its credit, the Lipidex system
`distributes fresh air to all conditioned spaces, but because this
`system mixes a large Volume of re-circulated air with outside
`air, it must move more air and uses more fan energy than a
`system that ventilates with 100% outside air. Neither this
`system, nor bathroom fans, nor heat recovery ventilators
`move sufficient air to provide effective ventilation cooling.
`A physical law that describes performance of centrifugal
`fans dictates that motor power demand varies with the cube of
`the airflow rate. High energy use, as well as noise problems,
`can be mitigated by employing a fan that delivers only the
`amount of air required to meet heating, cooling, and ventila
`tion requirements.
`Electronically commutated, variable speed, motors
`(ECMs) have been used to operate fans in heating and cool
`ing systems for over a decade. These motors can be pro
`grammed to maintain constant airflow over a wide range of
`external static pressure, and allow the airflow to be varied by
`external controls. ECM’s are much more efficient at low
`speeds than induction motors with multiple speed taps, and
`have been applied to provide continuously variable air deliv
`ery with heat pump systems such as the Trane XV-1500 and
`the Carrier Hydrotech 2000. ECM’s have not previously been
`employed with outside air ventilation systems. ECM’s are
`used in some variable speed gas furnaces, but current gas
`furnace technology does not allow airflow to be varied by
`more than 20%. Thus furnace fans must be cycled on and off
`when heating loads are low, and energy savings from motor
`
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`
`1. Field of Invention
`This invention relates to an integrated assembly of devices
`for providing building heating, ventilation cooling, fresh air
`ventilation, and air conditioning; and to improvements in
`controls for operating these devices.
`2. Relevant Prior Art
`The use of windows and doors to admit cool night air to
`improve the comfort and air quality of the interior of dwell
`ings is a practice with origins in antiquity. The physical prin
`ciple is to create a heat exchange between cool nighttime
`outside air and warmer Surfaces of interior building compo
`nents having significant mass Such as masonry, wall and
`ceiling finishes, concrete floors, and furnishings. During
`nighttime cool outside air removes heat from the warmer
`Surfaces. During daytime the cool Surfaces of building com
`ponents absorb heat from indoor air to keep the interior air
`temperatures lower. The cool Surfaces also contribute to com
`fort by providing a lower mean radiant temperature. Such that
`the human body radiates heat at a greater rate than if Sur
`rounded by warmer Surfaces.
`Effective use of outside air for cooling can also reduce the
`required capacity of air conditioners and reduce their energy
`consumption by reducing cooling load. In mild climates ven
`tilation cooling can eliminate the need for compressor-based
`air conditioning. The most favorable outcome of the wide
`spread use of ventilation cooling is the reduction of the peak
`electric load and mitigating the need to construct new power
`plants.
`Whole-house fans have been used for several decades to
`provide a means of improving air exchange and circulation
`between indoors and outdoors; controls for these devices are
`typically Switches, timers, and manually operated speed con
`trols. Their relative simplicity is also a drawback. Whole
`house fans move air from indoors to outdoors, creating a
`40
`negative indoor pressure, and rely on the operation of win
`dows to admit air to the indoor spaces. Since this air is not
`filtered, dust and pollens are also admitted.
`High noise levels produced by whole house fans is often
`objectionable.
`There are also other concerns. The use of windows to
`provide nighttime ventilation compromises home security
`and requires active participation of dwelling occupants and.
`ventilation fan operation cannot be automated if windows
`must be manually opened to admit outside air. A ventilation
`cooling system produced by ZTECH of Rancho Cordova,
`Calif. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,065,585) eliminates the need to open
`windows. The ZTECH system provides outside air ventila
`tion using aheating/cooling system blower and a damper with
`an air filter. The damper (U.S. Pat. No. 5,096,156) is con
`nected to the intake of the blower, which supplies air to rooms
`ofa building through ducting. In a first position of the damper,
`a passageway connects the blower unit to a building return air
`duct, thereby re-circulating indoor air for heating or air con
`ditioning. The damper Switches to a second position for ven
`tilation cooling. In this second position a first passageway of
`the damper connects the blower to an outside air intake,
`thereby pressurizing the building with outside air. In this
`second position building air pressure is relieved through a
`second damper passageway that connects the building return
`air duct to a vented attic or the outdoors. In this manner the
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`speed reduction are much smaller than what could be
`achieved if airflow could be varied with heating load. Energy
`saving heating and cooling thermostats that allow indoor
`temperatures to be scheduled over a 24 hour period are com
`monplace and can be used to reduce energy use. However, the
`scheduling features of these thermostats frequently go unused
`because they are not understood. Typically, a multitude of
`keystrokes are required to both enter and view time/tempera
`ture schedules. Also, thermostat displays do not adequately
`explain the meaning of their various settings.
`Utility peak capacity shortages are reaching crisis propor
`tions in areas of the U.S. Many utilities have undertaken
`programs to cycle air conditioning equipment off during peri
`ods of high peak demand. Conventional thermostats have no
`provisions for preventing operation specifically during utility
`peak power use periods or during power shortage alerts.
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`Said user temperature settings include minimum and maxi
`mum acceptable indoor temperatures, the former being the
`lowest indoor temperature at which outside air below such
`temperature will be used for cooling, and the latter being the
`indoor temperature above which compressor air conditioning
`will be utilized. To minimize air conditioner operation during
`hot weather and to avoid over-cooling during mild weather,
`said control adjusts the actual indoor temperature at which
`ventilation cooling is discontinued based on said predicted
`temperatures. The controller operates the ventilation system
`to achieve lower morning indoor temperatures on hotter days
`and higher morning temperatures on cooler days.
`Another preferred embodiment of this invention is a user
`interface that includes a screen that graphically displays the
`predicted minimum and maximum indoor temperatures, or
`"comfort range', a ventilation cooling low limit temperature
`setting, and the air conditioning temperature setting. By view
`ing the relative position of said comfort range in relation to
`said air conditioner thermostat setting the user can determine
`whether his/her current low limit and air conditioner tempera
`ture setting will result in air conditioner operation.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment of this
`invention, said user interface includes buttons for adjusting
`control settings, the function of which can be redefined based
`on user actions.
`In accordance with another embodiment, said wall display
`unit provides text-based onscreen instructions to the user on
`demand, said instructions explaining control functions and
`facilitating user understandings of control settings and sys
`tem operation.
`In accordance with another embodiment, said control
`includes a communications link that can be used to obtain
`weather predictions from weather services for control and
`display purposes.
`In accordance with another embodiment, said user inter
`face buttons can be used to ventilate a building on-demand
`using the system fan to either re-circulate indoor air or flush
`the building with outside air.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment of this
`invention, the control includes an output for operating a vari
`able speed ECM fan motor for varying airflow rates, and user
`inputs for establishing independent maximum fan speed set
`tings for ventilation cooling, heating, air conditioning, and
`manual fan operation. This arrangement conserves fan motor
`energy and allows the system to be readily adapted to a wide
`variety of applications and building sizes.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment, venti
`lation cooling airflow rates are varied in proportion to cooling
`demand.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment, outside
`air used for ventilation cooling is further cooled by a direct,
`indirect, or direct-indirect evaporative cooler 33 (FIG. 1)
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment, energy
`savings resulting from the displacement of compressor-based
`air conditioner use by ventilation cooling are displayed by
`said user interface.
`In accordance with another embodiment of this invention,
`during winter heating operation said control varies the speed
`of the system fan in proportion to the difference between the
`indoor temperature and a heating temperature setting. The
`purpose of this control function is to conserve fan energy,
`minimize drafts and fan noise, and improve temperature con
`trol.
`In accordance with another embodiment of this invention,
`said control maintains indoor air quality using said fan and
`said damper to deliver a specified volume of fresh outside air
`each hour. Said damper is operated to Supply outside air and
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`Objects of the Invention
`It is an object of this invention to reduce energy use and
`peak electric demand by improving upon current ventilation
`cooling control technology by employing temperature pre
`dictions as a means of providing improved temperature con
`trol and comfort, and improved user understandings of the
`concept of ventilation cooling.
`Another object of this invention is to increase consumer
`and building industry acceptance of ventilation cooling by
`combining ventilation cooling, heating, air conditioning, and
`fresh air ventilation into an integrated System that is con
`trolled by a single user interface (thermostat).
`Still another object of this invention is to reduce energy use
`and improve comfort by incorporating a variable speed ECM
`fan motor to deliver variable airflow rates for heating and
`35
`ventilation cooling, and diminished airflow rates for fresh air
`ventilation.
`These and other objects and advantages will be apparent to
`those skilled in the art in light of the following disclosure,
`claims and accompanying drawings.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the integrated heating,
`ventilation cooling, and air conditioning system according to
`an embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is a diagram of a user interface, a wall display, unit
`showing cooling temperature settings according to an
`embodiment of the present invention.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`The present invention is an integrated comfort system that
`provides heating, ventilation cooling, air conditioning, and
`fresh air ventilation and is controlled using a single user
`interface. Components of said system include an air handler
`associated with a hot water heating coil or furnace, an outside
`air damper, a control, and an optional air conditioner evapo
`rator and condensing unit.
`A preferred embodiment of the invention is a control that
`regulates ventilation cooling by 1) measuring outdoor and
`indoor temperatures, 2) employing statistical equations pro
`grammed into the controller to predict outdoor and indoor
`temperatures from previously measured temperatures, and 3)
`applying predicted temperatures and user temperature set
`tings to control the operation of the damper and fan motor.
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`said fan is controlled at low speed to limit the volume of air
`Supplied to said specified Volume.
`In accordance with another embodiment, said user inter
`face shows a graphic display of temperature Schedules for
`heating purposes, such that vertical lines represent time peri- 5
`ods and horizontal lines represent temperatures. With this
`arrangement temperatures for four time periods are displayed
`on one screen that shows weekday settings, and another that
`shows weekend settings.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment, said
`user interface can be used to establish low and high tempera
`ture limits to be maintained during extended periods of no
`occupancy, or during vacations. With this arrangement said
`system will maintain indoor temperatures within said tem
`perature limits using ventilation cooling, air conditioning, or
`heating as required; ventilation cooling is applied as the pri
`mary means of cooling so that air conditioner energy use is
`minimized.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment, said
`user interface can be used to override heating and air condi
`tioning settings by selecting temporary indoor temperatures
`for heating or air conditioning operation, and by selecting the
`duration over which such settings will remain in effect.
`In accordance with another embodiment, said control oper
`ates said air conditioner during early morning hours to pre
`cool the building so as to avoid air conditioner compressor
`operation during utility peak load periods.
`In accordance with another embodiment, said control
`includes a communications link32 (FIG. 1) using telephone,
`Internet, cable, or other means of connection to outside data
`SOUCS.
`In accordance with another embodiment, said control
`schedules the operation of said air conditioner to prevent use
`during utility peak demand periods, using either user time
`settings or signals communicated by the local electric utility
`using said communications link.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment, said
`user interface receives current utility price information using
`said communication link, and displays the dollar value of
`energy costs associated with various user temperature set
`40
`tings.
`Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of
`the integrated heating, ventilation cooling, and air condition
`ing system (“HVCS) according to an embodiment of the
`present invention. Main components include control compo
`45
`nents 1, 3, and 5, air handling unit 9, outside air damper 12,
`hot water source 18, and condensing unit 17.
`The wall display unit (“WDU’) 1, includes a liquid crystal
`display (LCD) screen, six buttons and four indicator lights.
`Program code that determines WDU functions is contained in 50
`a microprocessor chip in the WDU. The WDU 1 is connected
`to control module 3 by control wires 2. An outdoor tempera
`ture sensor 5 also connects to the control module by control
`wires 4. Outputs from the control module include blower
`motor control wires 7, pump control wires 8, damper control
`wires 14, and condensing unit control wires 6. Blower motor
`control wires 7 convey a "pulse width modulation” (“PWM)
`signal to the blower motor to regulate airflow rate.
`The air handling unit (AHU) 9 includes a heat exchange
`coil 10, which includes separate fluid passages for hot water 60
`and refrigerant, the latter being used for cooling purposes,
`and circulating pump 16. The heat exchange coil optionally
`contains only hot water passages and is either upstream or
`downstream relative to the blower. An electronically commu
`tated motor (ECM) 15 powers the blower wheel. The intake of 65
`the AHU9 is connected to outside air damper 12 by a duct 11.
`When indoor air is being re-circulated, damper 12e rests
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`against seals 12f creating an open passageway between return
`air inlet 12c and duct 11. Damper 12e rotates counter-clock
`wise until it rests on seal 12g when outdoor air is needed for
`fresh air ventilation or ventilation cooling, (referred to as the
`“open’ position).
`Coil rows 10 are connected to a heat source 18 by piping
`20. Pump 16 circulates water between the heat source and the
`coil. Piping 19 carries refrigerant between the condensing
`unit and the coil rows 10b.
`FIG. 2 is a view of WDU1 with the cooling settings screen
`selected. The “Set Low' button 26 allows the user to set a
`ventilation cooling low limit temperature indicated by line
`21. the “Set Hi’ button 27 allows the user to set the air
`conditioner temperature setting, indicated by line 25. Using
`indoor and outdoor temperature data stored from the current
`and previous days, high and low temperature settings, and
`statistical equations contained in the control module micro
`processor program, the predicted indoor temperature range
`for the next day is computed and displayed by comfort bar 23.
`The right extent of the comfort bar indicated by line 24 is the
`maximum predicted temperature for the next day, and the left
`extent of the comfort bar indicated by line 22 is both the
`lowest predicted temperature for the next morning, and the
`temperature at which ventilation cooling is terminated. If the
`right extent of the comfort bar 24 passes the air conditioner
`setting 25, a message Air Conditioner Will Run” is dis
`played. Lowering the low limit setting (line 21) will cause
`comfort bar 23 to shift to the left, decreasing the likelihood
`that the Air Conditioner Will Run' message will be dis
`played. Raising the air conditioner setting (line 25) will have
`a similar effect, prompting the using to select settings that can
`avoid air conditioner operation. As weather becomes warmer
`the left extent of the comfort bar, line 22, will approach but not
`pass the low limit setting displayed by line 21 to show that the
`indoor temperature will not be less than the user-specified low
`limit setting.
`With WDU 1 set to provide cooling, when the outdoor
`temperature sensed by outdoor temperature sensor 5 falls
`below the indoor temperature sensed by the WDU by more
`than a temperature differential set using the WDU, blower
`motor 15 starts and damper motor 13 is activated. As a result,
`AHU 9 causes outside air to enter the damper at intake 12a,
`pass through filter 12d, and flow to the building via supply air
`outlet 9a that is connected to ducts that convey cool air to all
`rooms. Excess air pressure from the building interior31 (FIG.
`1) is relieved through return air intake 12c to damper relief
`opening 12b. If the indoor temperature falls below the mini
`mum indoor temperature displayed by the left end (22) of
`comfort bar 23, or if the outdoor temperature exceeds the
`difference between the indoor temperature and the set tem
`perature differential, the blower motor stops and the damper
`closes. While motor 12 is operating to provide ventilation
`cooling its speed and the volume of air it delivers is deter
`mined as a function of the difference between the high tem
`perature setting displayed by line 25 and the predicted maxi
`mum indoor temperature displayed by line 24 on WDU 1. As
`a result, the AHU provides higher ventilation rates in hotter
`weather. If the indoor temperature exceeds the high tempera
`ture setting set by the user and displayed by line 25 then
`blower motor 15 and condensing unit 17 will start. As a result,
`indoor air enters the damper at return air intake 12c, passes
`through heat exchange coil 10 that is cooled by the condens
`ing unit, and is Supplied to building ducting through Supply
`air discharge 9a. During this mode of operation the speed of
`the blower motor is fixed at a setting selected using the WDU.
`With WDU 1 set to provide heating, when the indoor tem
`perature falls below the heating temperature setting, pump 16
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`7
`and blower motor 15 are turned on. Hot water is circulated
`between heat exchange coil 10 and heat source 18. Air drawn
`from the building through return air intake 12c is heated by
`the coil and delivered to the ducting through Supply air dis
`charge 9a. During this mode of operation the speed of the
`blower motor is a function of the difference between the
`heating temperature set at the WDU and the indoor air tem
`perature, with the blower operating at a higher speed when the
`difference is greater. At the beginning of each hour damper 12
`opens to admit outside air for the purpose of maintaining
`indoor air quality. If the blower motor is already operating the
`damper cycles open and closed repeatedly for short time
`intervals. If the blower motor is not already operating, the
`motor starts at a low speed and the damper remains open.
`Control module 3 keeps track of the volume of outside air that
`has been introduced to the building each hour by the AHU and
`cancels further damper operation when the hourly air volume
`is approximately equal to an amount specified by WDU set
`tings.
`With WDU 1 set to maintain “vacation” temperature set
`tings, system heating components maintain the indoor tem
`perature above a low setting, and system cooling components
`maintain the indoor temperature below a high setting, exactly
`as described above for heating and cooling operation.
`Although the invention has been shown and described with
`respect to preferred embodiments thereof, it should be under
`stood by those skilled in the art that various changes and
`omissions in the form and detail thereof may be made therein
`without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as
`defined in the appended claims.
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`6. The system of claim 4, wherein the controller regulates
`operation of the air delivery system based on information
`received from the outside data source over the communica
`tion link.
`7. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller regulates
`an indoor air temperature at which cooling by the outside
`ventilation air is discontinued based on predicted tempera
`tures.
`8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller regulates
`an airflow rate based on predicted temperatures.
`9. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller controls an
`airflow rate of the outside ventilation air in proportion to a
`cooling demand.
`10. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller controls
`the air quality by regulating a Volume of the outside ventila
`tion air delivered by the air delivery system.
`11. The system of claim 1, wherein the air delivery system
`further comprises a vapor compression air conditioner oper
`ably connected to the controller, wherein the controller oper
`ates the vapor compression air conditioner during early morn
`ing hours to pre-cool a building.
`12. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller activates
`the air delivery system when the outdoor air temperature is
`lower than the indoor air temperature.
`13. The system of claim 1, wherein the air delivery system
`includes at least one of a vapor compression unit and an
`evaporative cooling unit to cool the outside ventilation air.
`14. A method of maintaining indoor air comfort and air
`quality with a system having,
`a sensor System for detecting outdoor and indoor air tem
`peratures:
`an air delivery system for delivering the outside ventilation
`air to an interior space; and
`a programmable controller, operably connected to the sen
`Sor system and the air delivery system, that includes:
`a recovery element that receives an outdoor air temperature
`and an indoor air temperature detected by the sensor
`system;
`a storage element that stores the detected outdoor air tem
`perature and the detected indoor air temperature
`detected by the sensor system;
`a calculating element that automatically calculates a pre
`dicted indoor temperature range and a predicted outdoor
`temperature range based on the stored outdoor air tem
`perature and the stored indoor air temperature; and
`a regulating element that automatically regulates operation
`of the air delivery system as a function of predicted
`indoor and outdoor air temperature ranges and a prede
`termined indoor air temperature range, the method com
`prising:
`detecting an outdoor air temperature and an indoor air
`temperature;
`storing the detected outdoor air temperature and the
`detected indoor air temperature;
`calculating a predicted indoor temperature range and a
`predicted outdoor temperature range based on the stored
`outdoor air temperature and the stored indoor air tem
`perature; and
`regulating operation of an air delivery system to deliver
`outside ventilation air into an interior space as a function
`of the predicted indoor and outdoor air temperature
`ranges and the predetermined indoor air temperature
`range.
`15. The method of claim 14, further comprising inputting a
`desired indoor air temperature through a user interface.
`
`40
`
`35
`
`We claim:
`1. A system for using outside ventilation air to maintain
`indoor comfort and air quality, comprising:
`a sensor System for detecting outdoor and indoor air tem
`peratures;
`an air delivery system for delivering the outside ventilation
`air to an interior space; and
`a programmable controller, operably connected to the sen
`Sor system and the air delivery system, that includes:
`a recovery element that receives an outdoor air temperature
`and an indoor air temperature detected by the sensor
`system;
`a storage element that stores the detected outdoor air tem
`45
`perature and the detected indoor air temperature
`detected by the sensor system;
`a calculating element that automatically calculates a pre
`dicted indoor temperature range and a predicted outdoor
`temperature range based on the stored outdoor air tem
`50
`perature and the stored indoor air temperature; and
`a regulating element that automatically regulates operation
`of the air delivery system as a function of predicted
`indoor and outdoor air temperature ranges and a prede
`termined indoor air temperature range.
`2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a user inter
`face that displays the predicted and predetermined indoor air
`temperature ranges and is operably connected to the control
`ler.
`3. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller regulates
`an airflow rate based on the desired indoor air temperature
`range.
`4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a communi
`cation link connected to the controller for connection to an
`outside data source.
`5. The system of claim 4, wherein the communication link
`obtains a weather prediction.
`
`55
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`60
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`65
`
`LENNOX EXHIBIT 1005
`Lennox Industries Inc. v. Rosen Technologies LLC, IPR2023-00715, Page 7
`
`

`

`US 7,398,821 B2
`
`9
`16. The method of claim 14, further comprising connecting
`the controller to an outside data source via a communication
`link.
`17. The method of claim 16, further comprising obtaining
`a weather prediction via the communication link.
`18. The method of claim 14, further comprising regulating
`an indoor air temperature by controlling movement of outside
`ventilation air based on predicted temperatures.
`
`10
`19. The method of claim 14,