`
`1
`
`Exhibit 1034
`Samsung v. DoDots
`IPR2023-00701
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced ortransmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher,
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -- 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7356-0615-3
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`|. Microsoft Press computer dictionary,
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`004'.03--de21
`
`99-20168
`CIP
`
`Printed and boundin the United States of America.
`
`3456789 MLML 43210
`
`Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. Forfurther information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Website at mspress.microsoft.com.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TrueTypefonts are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, Active Platform, ActiveX,
`Authenticode, BackOffice, DirectInput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS, MSN, NetMeeting,
`NetShow, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J++, WebTV, WebTV Network, Win32, Win32s, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENEX are cither registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporationin the
`United States and/or other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks oftheir respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa-
`tion with any real company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or shouldbe inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
`
`2
`
`

`

`
`
`DA an. See desk accessory.
`DAC \dak\ n. See digital-to-analog converter.
`
`daemon 7. A program associated with UNIX systems
`that performs a housekeeping or maintenanceutility
`function without being called by the user, A daemon
`sits in the background and is activated only when
`needed, for example, to correct an error from which
`another program cannot recover.
`daisy chain' ». A set of devices connected in series. In
`order to eliminate conflicting requests to use the chan-
`nel (bus) to which all the devices are connected, cach
`device is given a different priority. SCSI (Small Com-
`puter System Interface) and the newer USB (Univer-
`sal Serial Bus) both support daisy chained devices.
`See also SCSI, USB.
`
`daisy chain’ vb. To connect aseries of devices, one to
`another, like daisies in a chain of flowers.
`
`daisy wheel ». A print element consisting of a set of
`formed characters with each character mounted on a
`
`separate type bar, all radiating from a center hub.
`See also daisy-wheel printer, thimble, thimble
`printer.
`
`daisy-wheel printer n, A printer that uses a daisy-
`wheel type element, Daisy-wheel output is crisp and
`slightly imprinted, with fully formed characters resem-
`bling typewriter quality. Daisy-wheel printers were
`standard for high-quality printing until being super-
`seded bylaserprinters. See alse daisy wheel, thimble,
`thimble printer.
`damping ». A technique for preventing overshoot (ex-
`ceeding the desired limit) in the response of a circuit
`or device.
`
`D-AMPS n. Acronym for Digital Advanced Mobile
`Phone Service. The digital form of the analog AMPS
`cellular phone service. D-AMPS, sometimes spelled
`DAMPS,differs from AMPSin being digital and in
`tripling the number of available channels byusing
`time division multiple access (TDMA)to divide each
`of the 30 AMPSchannels into three separate channels.
`See alsoAMPS, FOMA, TDMA.
`
`DAP \dap\ n. See Directory Access Protocol.
`
`dark fiber mn. Unused capacity in fiber-optic communi-
`cations.
`
`Darlington cireuit m. An amplificr circuit made of two
`transistors, often mounted in the same housing. The
`collectors of the two transistors are connected, and the
`emitter ofthe first is connected to the base of the sec-
`ond. Darlington circuits provide high-gain amplifica-
`tion. Also called Darlington pair.
`Darlington pair n. See Darlington circuit.
`
`DARPA \dir’pa\ n. See Defense Advanced Research
`Projects Agency.
`DARPANET \dar’po-net’\ n. Short for Defense Ad-
`vanced Research Projects Agency Network. See
`ARPANET.
`
`DAS a. See dual attachmentstation.
`
`DASD \daz‘de\ n. Acronymfor direct access storage
`device. A data storage device by which information
`can be accessed directly, instead of by passing sequen-
`tially through all storage areas. For example, a disk
`drive is a DASD,but a tape unit is not, because, with
`a tape unit, the data is stored as a linear sequence. See
`also direct access. Compare sequential access.
`dat nm. A generic file extension for a datafile.
`
`DAT \dat\ n, See digital audio tape, dynamic address
`translation.
`
`data ». Plural of the Latin datum, meaning an item of
`information. In practice, data is often used for the
`singular as well as the plural form of the noun. Com-
`pare information.
`data acquisition n. The process of obtaining data from
`another source, usually one outside a specific system.
`
`data aggregate n. A collection of data records. It usu-
`ally includes a description of the placement of the
`data blocks and theirrelation to the entire set.
`
`data attribute 7. Structural information about data that
`
`describes its context and meaning.
`data bank ». Any substantial collection ofdata.
`
`122
`
`
`
`3
`
`

`

`database
`
`data conferencing
`
`database n. A file composed of records, each contain-
`ing fields together with a set of operations for search-
`ing, sorting, recombining, and other functions.
`database administrator n. One who manages a data-
`base. The administrator determines the content, inter-
`nal structure, and access strategy for a database,
`defines security and integrity, and monitors perfor-
`mance. Acronym: DBA.Also called database manager.
`database analyst n. One who providesthe analytic
`functions needed to design and maintain applications
`requiring a database.
`database designer n. One who designs and implements
`functions required for applications that use a database.
`database engine n. The program module or modules
`that provide access to a database management system
`(DBMS).
`database machine n, 1. A peripheral that executes
`database tasks, thereby relieving the main computer
`from performing them, 2. A database server that per-
`forms only database tasks.
`database management system 7, A software inter-
`face between the database and the user. A database
`management system handles user requests for data-
`base actions and allows for control of security and
`data integrity requirements. Acronym: DBMS. Alse
`called database manager. See also database engine.
`database manager n. See database administrator,
`database management system.
`database publishing n. The use of desktop publishing
`or Internet technology to produce reports containing
`information obtained from a database.
`
`database server n. A network node,or station, dedi-
`cated to storing and providing access to a shared data-
`base. Also called database machine.
`
`database structure ». A general description of the
`format of records in a database, including the number
`of fields, specifications regarding the type of data that
`can be entered in eachfield, and the field names used.
`data bit n. In asynchronous communications, one of a
`group of from 5 to 8 bits that represents a single chat-
`acter of data for transmission. Data bits are preceded
`by a start bit and followed by an optionalparity bit
`and one or more stop bits. See also asynchronous
`transmission, bit, communications parameter.
`
`data buffer mn. An area in memory where data is tem-
`porarily stored while being moved from one location
`to another. See also buffer’.
`
`data bus n. See bus.
`
`data cable n. Fiber-optic or wire cable used to transfer
`data from one device to another.
`
`data capture n. 1. The collection of information at the
`time of a transaction. 2. The process of saving on a
`storage mediuma record of interchanges between a
`user and a remote informationutility.
`
`data carrier n. See carrier (definition 1).
`
`Data Carrier Detected n. See DCD (definition 1).
`data chaining n. The process of storing segments of
`data in noncontiguous locations while retaining the
`ability to reconnect them in the proper sequence,
`data channel n. See channel (definition 1).
`
`data collection 7. 1. The process of acquiring source
`documents or data. 2. The grouping of data by means
`of classification, sorting, ordering, and other organiz-
`ing methods.
`datacom n. Short for data communications. See com-
`munications.
`
`data communications n. See communications,
`data compaction n. See data compression.
`data compression n. A means of reducing the amount
`of space or bandwidth neededto store or transmit a
`block of data, used in data communications, facsimile
`transmission, file storage and transfer, and CD-ROM
`publishing. Also called data compaction.
`data conferencing 7. Simultaneous data communica-
`tion among geographically separated participants in a
`meeting. Data conferencing invelves whiteboards and
`other software that enable a single set of files at one
`location to be accessed and modified byall partici-
`pants. See the illustration. See also desktop
`conferencing, whiteboard. Compare video
`conferencing.
`
`
`
`Data conferencing.
`
`123
`
`4
`
`

`

`data control
`
`data integrity
`
`data control n. The aspect of data management con-
`cerned with tracking how and by whomdata is used,
`accessed, altered. owned, and reported on.
`data conversion m, Changing the way informationis
`represented in a document orfile—for instance, chang-
`ing binary representation to decimal or hexadecimal.
`data corruption n, See corruption.
`data declaration n. A statement in a program that
`specifies the characteristics of a variable. The require-
`ments for data declarations vary among different pro-
`gramming languages but can include such values as
`variable name, data type, initial value, and size speci-
`fication. See also array, data type, record’, variable.
`data definition language n. A language that defines all
`attributes and properties of a database, especially
`record layouts, field definitions, key fields, file loca-
`tions, and storage strategy. Acronym: DDL.
`data description language nv. A language designed
`specifically for declaring data structures and files.
`See also data definition language.
`data dictionary n. A database containing data aboutall
`the databases in a database system. Data dictionaries
`store all the various schemaandfile specifications and
`their locations. They also contain information about
`which programs use which data and which users are
`interested in which reports.
`
`data directory n. See catalog, data dictionary.
`data-driven processing n. A form of processing
`where the processor or program must wait for data to
`arrive before it can advance to the next step in a se-
`quence.
`
`data element 7. A single unit of data. Also called data
`item. See also data field,
`
`data encryption n. See encryption.
`data encryption key nm. A sequence of secret informa-
`tion, such as a string of decimal numbers or binary
`digits, that is used to encrypt and decrypt data, Acro-
`nym: DEK. See also decryption, encryption, key
`(definition 3).
`
`data encryption standard 7. See DES.
`data entry m, The process of writing newdata to com-
`puler memory.
`data/fax medem n. A modemthat can handle both
`serial data and facsimile imagesto either send or
`receive transmissions.
`
`data field . A well-defined portion of a data record,
`such as a column ina database table.
`
`data field masking n, The process offiltering or se-
`lecting part of a data field to control the way it is re-
`turned anddisplayed.
`data file 7. A file consisting of data in the form oftext,
`numbers, or graphics, as distinct from a program file
`of commands and instructions. Compare programfile.
`data flow or dataflow n. 1. The movement of data
`through a system, fromentry to destination. 2. In par-
`allel processing, a design in which a calculation is
`made either when all necessary data is available (data-
`driven processing) or when other processors request
`the data (demand-driven processing). See also parallel
`processing.
`data fork n. In Macintoshfiles, the part of a stored
`document that contains user-supplied information,
`such as the text of a word-processing document, A
`Macintoshfile can have a data fork, a resource fork
`(which contains information such as program code,
`font data, digitized sound, or icons), and a header. All
`three parts are used by the operating system in file
`management and storage. See also resource (defini-
`tion 2), resource fork.
`
`data format n. The structure applied to data by an ap-
`plication program to provide a context in which the
`data can be interpreted.
`data frame n. A packet of information transmitted as a
`unit on a network. Data frames are defined by the
`network’s data-link layer andexist only on the wire
`between network nodes. See also data-link layer,
`frame (definition 2).
`data glove n. A data input device or controller in the
`form of a glove fitted with sensors that convert move-
`ment of the hand and fingers into commands. See also
`virtualreality.
`datagram a. One packet, or unit, of information, along
`withrelevant delivery information such as the destina-
`tion address, that is sent through a packet-switching
`network. See alse packet switching.
`data independence 7. The separation of data in a data-
`base from the programs that manipulate it. Data inde-
`pendence makes stored data as accessible as possible.
`data integrity 2, The accuracy of data and its confor-
`mity to its expected value, especially after being trans-
`mitted or processed.
`
`124
`
`
`
`5
`
`

`

`data interchange format
`
`data model
`
`data interchange format n. A formatconsisting of
`ASCII codes in which database, spreadsheet, and
`similar documents can be structured to facilitate their
`use by andtransfer to other programs. Acronym: DIF.
`See also ASCII.
`
`data item n. See data clement.
`data library 7. A cataloged collection of data files on
`disk or in another storage medium.
`data link n. A connection between any two devices
`capable of sending and receiving information, such as a
`computer and a printer or a main computer and a termi-
`nal. Sometimesthe term is extended to include equip-
`ment, such as a modem,that enables transmission and
`receiving, Such devices follow protocols that govern
`data transmission. See also communications protocol,
`data-link layer, DCE (definition 1), DTE.
`Data Link Connection Identifier n. A virtual circuit
`on frame relay networks that permanently identifies
`the path to a particular destination. See also frame
`relay, virtual circuit.
`Data Link Control a. See DLC.
`data link escape 1. In data transmission, a control
`character that changes the meaning of the characters
`immediately followingit.
`data-link layer n. The second of seven layers in the
`ISO/OSIreference modelfor standardizing computer-
`to-computer communications. The data-link layeris
`one layer above the physical layer. Its concern is pack-
`aging and addressing data and managing the flow of
`transmissions.It is the lowest of the three layers (data-
`link, network, and transport) involved in actually mov-
`ing data between devices. See theillustration. See also
`ISO/OSI reference model.
`data management n. The control of data from acquisi-
`tion and input through processing, output, and stor-
`age. In microcomputers, hardware managesdata by
`gathering it, moving it, and following instructions to
`process it. The operating system manages the hard-
`ware and ensures that the parts of the system work in
`harmony so that data is stored safely and accurately.
`Application programs manage data by receiving and
`processing input according to the user’s commands,
`and sending results to an output device or.to disk stor-
`age. The user also is responsible for data management
`by acquiring data, labeling and organizing disks, back-
`ing up data, archiving files, and removing unneeded
`material from the hard disk.
`
`ISO/OSI Layer
`Application
`(highest level)
`Presentation
`
`Session
`
`Transport
`Network
`
`Datalink
`
`Physical
`
`1SO/0SI MODEL
`Focus
`Program-to-program transfer
`of information
`Text formatting and display, code
`conversion
`Establishing, maintaining, and
`eoordinating communication
`Accurate delivery, service quality
`Transport routes, message
`handling and transfer
`Coding, addressing, and
`transmitting information
`Hardware connections
`
`Data-link layer on ISO/OSI reference model.
`data manipulation 7, The processing of data by
`means of programs that accept user commands,offer
`ways to handle data, andtell the hardware what to do
`with the data.
`data manipulation language n. In database manage-
`mentsystems, a language that is used to insert data
`in, update, and query a database. Data manipulation
`languages are often capable of performing math-
`ematical and statistical calculations that facilitate
`generating reports. Acronym: DML.See also struc-
`tured query language.
`data mart n. A scaled-downversion of a data ware-
`housethat is tailored to contain only informationlikely
`to be used by the target group. See also data warehouse.
`data medium x. The physical material on which com-
`puter data is stored.
`data migration n. 1. The process of moving data from
`one repository or source, such as a database, to an-
`other, usually via automated scripts or programs.
`Often data migration involves transferring data from
`one type of computer system to another. 2. In super-
`computingapplications, the process of storing large
`amounts of data offline while making them appear to
`be online as disk-residentfiles.
`data mining n. The process ofidentifying commer-
`cially useful patterns or relationships in databases or
`other computerrepositories through the use of ad-
`vancedstatistical tools.
`data model n, A collection of related object types, op-
`erators, and integrity rules that form the abstract entity
`
`125
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`
`

`

`data network
`
`data type
`
`supported by a database management system
`(DBMS). Thus, one speaks of a relational DBMS, a
`network DBMS, and so on, depending on the type of
`data model a DBMS supports. In general, a DBMS
`supports only one data model as a practical rather
`than a theoretical restriction.
`
`data network n. A network designed for transferring
`data encodedas digital signals, as opposed to a voice
`network, which transmits analog signals.
`
`Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification n.
`See DOCSIS.
`
`data packet n. See packet.
`data path n, The route that a signal follows as it trav-
`els through a computer network.
`data point ». Any pair of numeric values plotted on
`a chart.
`
`data processing n. 1. The general work performed by
`computers. 2, More specifically, the manipulation of
`data to transformit into some desired result. Acronym:
`DP. Also called ADP, automatic data processing, EDP.
`electronic data processing. See also centralized process-
`ing. decentralized processing, distributed processing.
`Data Processing Management Association n. See
`DPMA.
`
`data projector n. A device, similar to a slide projec-
`tor, that projects the video monitor output of a com-
`puter onto a screen.
`data protection n. The process of ensuring the preser-
`vation, integrity, and reliability of data. See also data
`integrity.
`data rate n. The speed at which a circuit or communi-
`cations line can transfer information, usually mea-
`sured in bits per second (bps).
`data record n. See record’.
`
`data reduction n. The process of converting raw data
`to a more useful form by scaling, smoothing, order-
`ing, or other editing procedures.
`data segment a. The portion of memoryor auxiliary
`storage that contains the data used by a program.
`Data Service Unit n. See DDS.
`
`data set n. 1. A collection of related information
`
`made up of separate elements that can be treated as a
`unit in data handling. 2. In communications, a mo-
`dem. See also modem,
`
`Data Set Ready n, See DSR.
`
`data sharing 7. The use of a single file by more than
`one person or computer. Data sharing can be done by
`physically transferring a file from one computer to
`another, or, more commonly, by networking and
`computer-to-computer communications.
`data signal n. The information transmitted overa line
`or circuit. It consists of binary digits and can include
`actual information or messages and other elements
`such as control characters or error-checking codes.
`
`data sink ». 1. Any recording medium where data can
`be stored until needed. 2. In communications, the
`portion of a Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) device
`that receives transmitted data,
`
`data source n. 1, The originator of computer data,
`frequently an analog or digital data collection device.
`2. In communications, the portion of a Data Terminal
`Equipment (DTE) device that sends data.
`data stream 7. An undifferentiated, byte-by-byte flow
`of data.
`
`data structure 7. An organizational scheme, such as a
`record or array, that can be appliedto data to facilitate
`interpreting the data or performing operations on it.
`
`data switch n. A device in a computer system that
`routes incoming data to various locations.
`
`Data Terminal Equipment n. See DTE.
`
`Data Terminal Ready n. See DTR.
`
`data traffic n. The exchange of clectronic messages—
`control and data—across a network. Traffic capacity
`is measured in bandwidth; traffic speed is measured
`in bits per unit of time.
`data transfer n. The movement of information from
`
`one location to another, either within a computer (as
`froma disk drive to memory), between a computer and
`an external device (as between afile server and a com-
`puter on a network), or between separate computers.
`data transfer rate n. See data rate.
`
`data transmission n. The electronic transfer of infor-
`mation from a sending device to a receiving device.
`data type n, In programming,adefinition ofa set of
`data that specifies the possible range of values of the
`set, the operations that can be performed on the val-
`ues, and the way in which the values are stored in
`memory. Defining the data type allows a computerto
`
`126
`
`
`
`7
`
`

`

`data validation
`
`DCE
`
`manipulate the data appropriately. Data types are
`daughterboard n. A circuit board that attaches to
`most often supported in high-level languages and
`another, such as the main system board
`often include types such as real, integer, floating
`(motherboard), to add extra capabilities. See also
`motherboard.
`point, character, Boolean, and pointer. Howalan-
`guage handies data typing is one ofits major charac-
`DAV connector \dav ka-nektar\ 7. See digital audio/
`teristics. See aiso cast, constant, enumerated data
`video connector,
`type, strong typing, type checking, user-defined data
`type, variable, weak typing.
`data validation n. The process oftesting the accuracy
`of data,
`
`_DB a. See database.
`dB n. See decibel.
`
`DBA n. See database administrator.
`
`data value n. The literal or interpreted meaning of a
`data item, such as an entry in a database, ora type,
`such as an integer, that can be used for a variable.
`data warehouse’ n. A database, frequently very large,
`that can access all of a company’s information. While
`the warchouse can be distributed over several com-
`
`puters and may contain several databases and infor-
`mation from numerous sources in a variety of
`formats, it should be accessible through a server.
`Thus, access to the warehouseis transparent to the
`user, who can use simple commands to retrieve and
`analyze all the information. The data warchouse also
`contains data about how the warchouse is organized,
`where the information can be found, and any connec-
`tions between data. Frequently used for decision sup-
`port within an organization, the data warehouse also
`allows the organization to organize its data, coordi-
`nate updates, and see relationships between informa-
`tion gathered from different parts of the organization.
`See also database, decision support system, server
`(definition |), transparent (definition 1).
`data warehouse’ yb. To acquire, collect, manage, and
`disseminate information gathered from various
`sources into a single location; or to implement an
`informational database used to store sharable data.
`Data warehousing is a four-step process; gathering
`data; managing the data in a centralized location;
`providing access to the data along with tools for in-
`terpreting, analyzing, and reporting on the data: and
`producing reports on the data to be used for decision
`making. See also downflow, inflow, metaflow,
`upflow.
`date stamping n. A software feature that automati-
`cally inserts the current date into a document.
`
`datum n. Singular of data; a single item of informa-
`tion. See also data.
`
`DB connector n. Any of various connectorsthat fa-
`cilitate parallel input and output. The initials DB (for
`data bus) are followed by a numberthat indicates the
`number of lines (wires) within the connector. For
`example, a DB-9 connector has nine pins and sup-
`ports up to nine lines, each of which can connect to a
`pin on the connector.
`-dbf n. A file extension for a dBASE database file.
`
`DBMS n. See database management system.
`DBS n. See direct broadcast satellite.
`
`DC nz, See direct current.
`
`DCA n. 1. Acronym for Document Content Architec-
`ture, A formatting guideline used in IBM’s Systems
`Network Architecture (SNA) that enables the ex-
`change of text-only documents between differing
`types of computers. DCA provides for two types of
`document formatting: Revisable-Form-Text DCA
`(RFTDCA), which allows for modification of format-
`ting, and Final-Form-Text DCA (FFTDCA), which
`cannot be modified. See also DIA, SNA. 2. Acronym
`for Directory Client Agent. See DUA.
`DCD n. L. Acronym for Data Carrier Detected. A sig-
`nal in serial communications that is sent from a mo-
`dem to its computer to indicate that the modem is
`ready for transmitting. Alse called RLSD., See also
`RS-232-C standard. 2. Acronym for Document Con-
`tent Description. A specification governing the rules
`for defining the structure and content of XML, docu-
`ments. The specification was created by IBM and
`Microsoft in 1998 and was submitted to the World
`Wide Web Consortium for approval. See also XML.
`DCE n. 1. Acronym for Data Communications Equip-
`ment. the term used in RS-232 and X.25 specifica-
`tions for a device, such as 1 modem, that provides
`another device (knownas the Data Terminal Equip-
`ment or DTE) with access to a communicationsline.
`
`127
`
`8
`
`