(12) United States Patent
`Pan
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,855,988 B2
`Dec. 21, 2010
`
`US007855.988B2
`
`SYSTEM, METHOD, AND DEVICE FOR
`ROUTING CALLS USINGADISTRIBUTED
`MOBILE ARCHITECTURE
`
`2006/0258358 A1
`11/2006 Kallio
`6/2007 Somes et al.
`2007/O147598 A1
`2007/023O352 A1 10, 2007 Kokku et al.
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`International Search Report and Written Opinion in corresponding
`PCT Application No. PCT/US2009/045973 from the International
`Searching Authority (KR) mailed Jan. 18, 2010, 14 pages.
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner Bob A. Phunkulh
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Toler Law Group, IP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Methods and devices for routing communications between
`distributed mobile architecture (DMA) servers using DMA
`gateways are disclosed. Communications information is
`received at a first DMA gateway for a communications net
`work accessible by a second DMA gateway. The communi
`cations information indicates one or more devices that are
`accessible by one of a DMA server and a legacy communi
`cations network. The first DMA gateway and the second
`DMA gateway participate in a DMA gateway communica
`tions network. The communications information is stored in a
`home DMA register of the first DMA gateway. A communi
`cation is received at the first DMA gateway for a target device
`indicated by the communications information to be served by
`the second DMA gateway. The communication is routed from
`the first DMA gateway to the target device by relaying the
`communication from the first DMA gateway to the second
`DMA gateway via the DMA gateway communications net
`work.
`
`45 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets
`
`536
`
`536
`
`536
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`(73)
`
`(*)
`
`(21)
`(22)
`(65)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`Inventor: Shaowei Pan, Kildeer, IL (US)
`Assignee: Lemko Corporation, Schaumburg, IL
`(US)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 249 days.
`Appl. No.: 12/172,639
`
`Notice:
`
`Filed:
`
`Jul. 14, 2008
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 201O/OOO8369 A1
`Jan. 14, 2010
`
`Int. C.
`(2009.01)
`H0474/00
`U.S. Cl. ........................ 370/328; 370/401; 370/352
`Field of Classification Search ....................... None
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`7,054,322 B2*
`2002fOOO9060 A1*
`2003/0048766 A1*
`2005/0091392 A1
`2006/0098661 A1
`2006.0114934 A1*
`
`5/2006 D'Annunzio et al. ....... 370/401
`1/2002 Gross ......................... 370,321
`3/2003 D'Annunzio et al. ....... 370,338
`4/2005 Gesswein et al.
`5, 2006 Pan
`6, 2006 Shin et al. ................... 370/466
`
`
`
`500
`
`Computer
`Readable
`Medium
`
`DMA Serve
`
`/
`406
`
`54
`
`502
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Sheet 2 of 15
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sheet 3 of 15
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Microsoft v. Lemko- IPR2023-00531
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
`Microsoft v. Lemko- IPR2023-00531
`Page 6 of 28
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
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`Page 7 of 28
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Sheet 7 Of 15
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Sheet 8 of 15
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Sheet 9 Of 15
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Sheet 10 of 15
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
`Microsoft v. Lemko- IPR2023-00531
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Sheet 12 of 15
`
`US 7,855,988 B2
`
`1200
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`DMAG 1
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`CLR Database WR Database
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
`Microsoft v. Lemko- IPR2023-00531
`Page 13 of 28
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Sheet 13 of 15
`
`US 7,855,988 B2
`
`300
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`1330
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`FiG. 3
`
`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
`Microsoft v. Lemko- IPR2023-00531
`Page 14 of 28
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 21, 2010
`
`Sheet 14 of 15
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`US 7,855,988 B2
`
`A.
`
`.
`
`Receive information at a first DMAG indicating
`the location of register data for a DMA server
`
`Receive information indicating a second DMAG
`Communicating with a legacy communications network
`
`Detect the DMAS in communications range of the first DMAG
`
`Receive the DMAS register data at the first DMAG
`
`Receive information related to communication placed by mobile device
`associated with DMAS, where communication is placed to a target device
`accessible via the legacy communications network
`
`Route the Communication information from the first DMAG
`to the Second DMAG
`
`
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`
`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
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`Page 15 of 28
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 21, 2010
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`Sheet 15 Of 15
`
`US 7,855,988 B2
`
`50
`
`
`
`NO
`
`52
`
`Send information related
`to communication to
`DMAG via Satellite
`communication network
`interface
`
`W
`
`
`
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`
`
`
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`
`Receive routing instructions at a DMA server
`from a DMAG when the DMA server is in
`Communication with the DMAG
`
`Receive a communication at the DMA server
`from a mobile Communication device via a
`wireless transceiver coupled to the DMA server
`
`DMA server
`Communicating with private IP
`
`network?
`
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`
`Send packet data related to the communication
`to the DMAG via a private IP network interface
`
`Route the communication from the DMAG
`to the destination device
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`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
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`Page 16 of 28
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`US 7,855,988 B2
`
`1.
`SYSTEM, METHOD, AND DEVICE FOR
`ROUTING CALLS USINGADISTRIBUTED
`MOBILE ARCHITECTURE
`
`FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
`
`The present disclosure relates generally to distributed
`mobile communications systems.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`10
`
`15
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`Access to basic telephony service is particularly important
`for rural and isolated communities. Telephony access allows
`Small-scale enterprises, cooperatives, and farmers to obtain
`accurate information on fair prices for their products and to
`access regional and national markets. Access also reduces the
`cost of transportation and Supports the local tourist industry.
`By bringing markets to people via telecommunications,
`rather than forcing people to leave in search of markets, urban
`migration is reduced and greater income and employment
`potential are generated in rural areas.
`Unfortunately, the last decade of the telecommunications
`boom has not alleviated the disparities between urban and
`rural communities. The average imbalance, in terms of tele
`phone penetration, in Asia, for example, is overten to one and
`is often as high as twenty to one. This means that a country
`whose urban markets have a penetration of four (4) telephone
`lines per one-hundred (100) inhabitants, e.g., India and Paki
`stan, has a rural penetration of less than 0.2 per one-hundred
`(100). The situation is more acute in most African countries
`and in Some parts of Latin America. By comparison, the
`disparity in average income level between urban and rural
`residents in the developing world is usually less than 4 to 1.
`Current telephone systems are expensive to deploy. For
`example, a typical cellular system that includes a mobile
`switching center (MSC), a base station controller (BSC), and
`40
`a home location register/visitor location register (HLR/VLR)
`can cost over $2.0 million. Moreover, such a system may
`require a minimum often thousand users in order to be eco
`nomically viable. In many rural areas, the population is not
`large enough to support the installation of Such a system.
`Further, in many cases, the conditions in which the equipment
`(e.g., the MSC, BSC, and HLR/VLR) are to be operated are
`extremely harsh and environmentally prohibitive. An alterna
`tive to Such a cellular system can include a wired system, but
`the costs associated with deploying and maintaining land
`lines are too high for certain rural areas.
`In deploying telephone systems in Such situations, a further
`concern is how to expand an existing telephone system or
`implement a new phone system capable of operating with
`existing telephone systems. For example, it may be desirable
`to allow communications with users serviced by existing
`public switched telephone network (PSTN) services, Voice
`over Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems, wireless communica
`tions systems, and other systems. Providing compatibility
`between these systems presents a challenge in itself. More
`over, because Some of these systems may be deployed in rural
`or other remote areas, providing a medium through which
`newly deployed systems can communicate with one another
`presents a concern.
`65
`Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved commu
`nications system that is relatively inexpensive to deploy and
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`2
`relatively inexpensive to operate, as well as able to integrate
`different communications systems.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The present invention is pointed out with particularity in
`the appended claims. However, other features are described in
`the following detailed description in conjunction with the
`accompanying drawings in which:
`FIG. 1 is a view of a particular illustrative embodiment of
`a distributed mobile architecture (DMA) server having a first
`illustrative form factor;
`FIG. 2 is a view of another particular illustrative embodi
`ment of an alternative embodiment of a DMA server having a
`second illustrative form factor;
`FIG. 3 is a diagram of another particular illustrative
`embodiment of an alternative embodiment of a DMA server
`having a third illustrative form factor;
`FIG. 4 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment
`of a distributed and associative communications system;
`FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a particular illustrative
`embodiment of a DMA server;
`FIG. 6 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment
`of a network incorporating a plurality of DMA gateways
`linking a plurality of DMA servers and a legacy network;
`FIG. 7 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment
`of a network incorporating a plurality of satellite-based DMA
`gateways linking a plurality of DMA servers and a legacy
`network;
`FIG. 8 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment
`of a network incorporating a DMA gateway linking a plural
`ity of satellite-based DMA servers and ground-based DMA
`Servers;
`FIG. 9 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment
`of a network incorporating a plurality of satellite-based and
`ground-based DMA gateways linking a plurality of satellite
`based and ground-based DMA servers:
`FIG.10 is a diagram of aparticular illustrative embodiment
`of a network incorporating a plurality of DMA gateways and
`a plurality of legacy networks utilizing a central register data
`base for communications devices accessible within the net
`work;
`FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a particular illustrative
`embodiment of a DMA gateway;
`FIG. 12 is a diagram of aparticular illustrative embodiment
`of an exemplary data structure used by a DMA gateway for
`maintaining information about communications devices
`accessible through other gateways:
`FIG.13 is a diagram of aparticular illustrative embodiment
`of an exemplary structure maintained in a central database
`accessible by DMA gateways to maintain information about
`communications devices accessible throughout a network;
`FIG. 14 is a flow chart to illustrate a particular illustrative
`embodiment of the use of information about accessible net
`works and devices for routing communications between
`DMA gateways; and
`FIG. 15 is a flow chart to illustrate a particular illustrative
`embodiment of a selective routing of a communication by a
`DMA gateway via a private Internet Protocol network or a
`gateway network.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Methods and devices for routing communications between
`distributed mobile architecture (DMA) servers using DMA
`gateways are disclosed. Communications information is
`received at a first DMA gateway for a communications net
`
`Microsoft - Exhibit 1001
`Microsoft v. Lemko- IPR2023-00531
`Page 17 of 28
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`US 7,855,988 B2
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`5
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`10
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`25
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`30
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`3
`work accessible by a second DMA gateway. The communi
`cations information indicates one or more devices that are
`accessible by one of a DMA server and a legacy communi
`cations network. The first DMA gateway and the second
`DMA gateway participate in a DMA gateway communica
`tions network. The communications information is stored in a
`home DMA register of the first DMA gateway. A communi
`cation is received at the first DMA gateway for a target device
`indicated by the communications information to be served by
`the second DMA gateway. The communication is routed from
`the first DMA gateway to the target device by relaying the
`communication from the first DMA gateway to the second
`DMA gateway via the DMA gateway communications net
`work.
`15
`In a particular embodiment, a first distributed mobile archi
`tecture (DMA) gateway includes a number of interfaces. A
`first interface is adapted to communicate with a legacy com
`munications network. A second interface is adapted to com
`municate with a private Internet Protocol (IP) network. A
`third interface is adapted to communicate with a DMA gate
`way communications network. The gateway also includes a
`server having logic adapted to receive legacy network infor
`mation from a second DMA gateway, the legacy network
`information indicating that the legacy communications net
`work is in a communications range of the second DMA gate
`way. The DMA gateway forwards information associated
`with a communication received from a DMA server via the
`second interface to the second DMA gateway via the third
`interface. The call is placed to a destination device accessible
`via the legacy communications network.
`In another particular embodiment, first routing instructions
`at a first distributed mobile architecture (DMA) server from a
`first DMA gateway when the first DMA server is in a first
`service area of the first DMA gateway. The first DMA gate
`way comprises a first orbiting satellite. A first call received at
`the first DMA server from a first mobile communications
`device via a wireless transceiver integrated with the first
`DMA server is sent to the first DMA gateway via a private
`Internet Protocol (IP) network according to the first routing
`instructions. The first call is placed to a destination device
`accessible via a legacy communications network, the legacy
`communications network accessible via the first DMA gate
`way.
`In another embodiment, a distributed mobile architecture
`45
`(DMA) server is coupled to a wireless transceiver. The DMA
`server includes a first interface adapted to communicate with
`a private Internet Protocol (IP) network and a second interface
`adapted to communicate with a satellite communications net
`work. The DMA server includes a server having logic adapted
`to receive a call from a mobile communications device via the
`wireless transceiver and send call information related to the
`call to a DMA gateway. The DMA gateway comprises an
`orbiting satellite. The call is placed to a destination device
`accessible via a legacy communications network, the legacy
`communications network accessible via the DMA gateway.
`In yet another embodiment, an orbiting satellite includes a
`first interface adapted to communicate with a legacy commu
`nications network and a second interface adapted to commu
`nicate with a private Internet Protocol (IP) network. The
`60
`satellite also includes a server having logic adapted to receive
`a call via the first interface. The call is placed to a first mobile
`communications device accessible to a first distributed
`mobile architecture (DMA) server. The call is then routed to
`the first DMA server via the second interface, wherein the first
`DMA server includes a wireless transceiver to communicate
`with the first mobile communications device.
`
`55
`
`4
`According to the present disclosure, one or more of the
`communications devices between which a communication,
`Such as a voice communication and/or a data communication,
`participates in a communications network via a DMA server.
`A DMA server enables the deployment or expansion of a
`communications network to, for example, rural areas where
`remoteness of the area to be served or a relatively small
`customer base to be served make the installation of a conven
`tional telephone system impractical or otherwise undesirable.
`As further described below according to embodiments of this
`disclosure, while one or more DMA servers may communi
`cate with one another over a private IP network, when a
`private IP network is not available, the DMA servers may
`communicate through a plurality of DMA gateways that com
`municate with one another through a gateway communica
`tions network. For example, the DMA gateways may be
`implemented as orbiting satellites that participate in a gate
`way communications network that includes a satellite com
`munications network.
`In introducing the operation of DMA gateways, exemplary
`embodiments of DMA servers and their operation are
`described below.
`Referring to FIG. 1, a DMA server is shown and is gener
`ally designated 100. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the DMA server
`100 includes a base 102 and a lid 104. As shown, the lid 104
`is attached to the base by a first lid hinge 106 and a second lid
`hinge 108. In a particular embodiment, the lid 104 can be
`rotated about the first lid hinge 106 and the second lid hinge
`108 between an open position, shown in FIG. 1, and a closed
`position (not shown) in which the lid 104 overlays the base
`102 and the DMA server 100 is essentially shaped like a box
`or a briefcase.
`As indicated in FIG. 1, the base 102 has a length 110, a
`width 112 and a height 114. FIG. 1 shows that the DMA
`server 100 includes a keyboard input device 116 that is incor
`porated in an upper surface of the base 102. Further, the DMA
`server 100 includes a mouse input device 118 that is also
`incorporated into the upper surface of the base 102. In a
`particular embodiment, the mouse input device 118 is a touch
`mouse input device 118. Additionally, the DMA server 100
`includes a left side button 120 and a right side button 122. In
`a particular embodiment, the left side button 120 can be used
`to perform left-click functionality associated with the mouse
`input device 118. Moreover, the right side button 122 can be
`used to perform right-click functionality associated with the
`mouse input device 118.
`FIG. 1 further indicates that the base 102 of the DMA
`server 100 is formed with a vent 124 to permit air exchange
`with the interior of the base 102 of the DMA server 100 and
`to facilitate cooling of the electronic components of the DMA
`server 100 housed within the base 102. Moreover, the base
`102 of the DMA server 100 includes a handle 126 that is
`attached to the base 102 via a first handle hinge 128 and a
`second handle hinge 130. The base 102 also includes a pair of
`latch engagement notches 132.
`As shown in FIG. 1, the lid 104 includes a flat panel display
`134 incorporated therein. When the lid 104 is closed, the
`display 134 is adjacent to the keyboard 116. Moreover, when
`the lid 104 is closed, the lid 104 and the base 102 cooperate to
`protect the display 134, the keyboard 116, the mouse 118, and
`the buttons 120, 122. FIG. 1 also depicts a latch 136 that is
`incorporated into the lid 104. When the lid 104 is closed, the
`latch 136 can engage the latch engagement notches 132 in
`order to lock the lid in the closed position. As depicted in FIG.
`1, an antenna 138 is incorporated into the lid 104. The antenna
`138 can be extended during operation and retracted when the
`DMA server 100 is not operating.
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`5
`In a particular embodiment, the length 110 of the base 102
`is 31.0 centimeters. Further, in a particular embodiment, the
`width 112 of the base 102 is 25.5 centimeters. Additionally, in
`a particular embodiment, the height 114 of the base 102 with
`the lid 104 in the closed position is 7.0 centimeters. Accord
`ingly, the DMA server 100 has a total volume of 5,533.5
`centimeters cubed and a footprint area of 790.5 centimeters
`squared. Further, in a particular embodiment, the DMA server
`100 weighs approximately 5.8 kilograms (kg). As such, in a
`particular embodiment, the DMA server 100 has a total vol
`ume that is less than 6,000 centimeters cubed, a footprint area
`that is less than 800 centimeters squared, and a weight that is
`less than 6.0 kilograms.
`In a particular embodiment, the DMA server 100 is rela
`tively rugged. Particularly, the DMA server 100 is operable in
`a temperature range from negative twenty degrees Celsius to
`positive fifty-five degrees Celsius (-20°C. to 55° C.). Also,
`the DMA server 100 is substantially shock resistant and can
`withstand a one meter drop. Further, the DMA server 100 is
`Substantially weather resistant, Substantially dust resistant,
`and substantially sand resistant. The DMA server 100 is por
`table and it can be mounted in a vehicle or carried like a brief
`case. Further, multiple DMA servers 100 can be deployed as
`described herein.
`FIG. 2 depicts an alternative embodiment of a distributed
`mobile architecture (DMA) server that is generally desig
`nated 200. As shown in FIG. 2, the DMA server 200 includes
`a base 202 and a lid 204 that is coupled to the base 202 via a
`plurality of fasteners (not shown). Additionally, the DMA
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`server 200 has a length 208, a width 210, and a height 212.
`Further, the base 202 of the DMA server 200 includes a first
`vent 214, a second vent 216, and a third vent 218. In a
`particular embodiment, the vents 214, 216, 218 permit air
`exchange with the interior of the base 202 of the DMA server
`200 and facilitate cooling of the electronic components of the
`DMA server 200 housed within the base 202. As shown in
`FIG. 2, the DMA server 200 includes an access window 220.
`One or more interfaces 222, e.g., wires can be accessed via the
`access window 220 and coupled to a base transceiver station
`(BTS) during deployment of the DMA server 200. As shown
`in FIG. 2, the DMA server 200 can be mounted within a
`vehicle 224. Further, multiple DMA servers 200 can be
`deployed as described herein.
`In a particular embodiment, the length 208 of the base 202
`is 92.0 centimeters. Further, in a particular embodiment, the
`width 210 of the base 202 is 45.0 centimeters. Additionally, in
`a particular embodiment, the height 212 of the base 202 is
`34.0 centimeters. Accordingly, the DMA server 200 has a
`total volume of approximately 140,760 centimeters cubed
`and a footprint area of approximately 4,140 centimeters
`squared. Further, in a particular embodiment, the DMA server
`200 weighs approximately 48 kilograms (kg). As such, in a
`particular embodiment, the DMA server 100 has a total vol
`ume that is less than 150,000 centimeters cubed, a footprint
`area that is less than 5,000 centimeters squared, and a weight
`that is less than 50.0 kilograms.
`FIG. 3 illustrates another alternative embodiment of a dis
`tributed mobile architecture (DMA) server that is generally
`designated 300. As depicted in FIG. 3, the DMA server 300
`includes a housing 302 that has a length 304, a width 306, and
`a height 308. Additionally, the housing 302 can be formed
`with a first vent 310 and a second vent 312. In a particular
`embodiment, the vents 310,312 permit air exchange with the
`interior of the housing 302 of the DMA server 300 and facili
`tate cooling of the electronic components of the DMA server
`300 within the housing 302.
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`US 7,855,988 B2
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`As shown in FIG. 3, at least one side of the housing 302 is
`formed with a rib 314 to enable the DMA server 300 to be slid
`into a server rack (not shown). Further, the DMA server 300
`includes a clip 316 that is coupled to the housing 302 via a
`fastener, e.g., a bolt. The clip 316 can be engaged with a server
`rack (not shown) to prevent the DMA server 300 from unin
`tentionally sliding out of the server rack (not shown).
`In a particular embodiment, the length 304 of the housing
`302 is approximately 76.2 centimeters. Further, in a particular
`embodiment, the width 306 of the housing 302 is approxi
`mately 48.2 centimeters. Additionally, in aparticular embodi
`ment, the height 308 of the housing 302 is approximately 4.3
`centimeters. Accordingly, the DMA server 300 has a total
`volume of approximately 15,756.5 centimeters cubed and a
`footprint area of approximately 3,672.9 centimeters squared.
`Further, in a particular embodiment, the DMA server 300
`weighs approximately 17.7 kilograms (kg). Also, in a particu
`lar embodiment, the DMA server 300 is stackable in order to
`Support various capacity requirements. As such, in a particu
`lar embodiment, the DMA server 100 has a total volume that
`is less than 16,000 centimeters cubed, a footprint area that is
`less than 4,000 centimeters squared, and a weight that is less
`than 20.0 kilograms.
`The description of embodiments of DMA servers with
`reference to FIGS. 1-3 are provided for illustration, not limi
`tation. DMA servers also may be embodied in any other
`suitable form. For example, as described further below, a
`DMA server may be incorporated within an orbiting satellite
`that communicates with DMA gateways and other devices via
`satellite and ground-based communication networks.
`FIG. 4 illustrates a non-limiting, exemplary embodiment
`of a distributive and associated telecommunications system
`generally designated 400. As depicted in FIG. 4, the system
`400 includes four cellular coverage sites 402. Each coverage
`site 402 includes an antenna 404. In one embodiment, the
`antenna 404 is connected to a transceiver belonging to a base
`transceiver station (BTS) and the BTS is a 3-sector BTS. FIG.
`4 also indicates that a distributed mobile architecture (DMA)
`server 406 (abbreviated in FIG. 4 and figures as “DMAS)
`can be connected to each antenna 404. In one embodiment,
`each DMA server 406 is physically and directly connected to
`its respective antenna 404, e.g., by a wire or cable 408. Fur
`ther, in an illustrative embodiment, the DMA servers 406 can
`be any of the DMA servers shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG.
`3.
`As illustrated in FIG. 4, each DMA server 406 is intercon
`nected with the other DMA servers 406 via an Internet pro
`tocol network 410. AS Such, there exists a peer-to-peer con
`nection 412 between each DMA server 406 in the system 400.
`As described in detail below, the DMA servers 406 can handle
`telephony traffic that is communicated at each antenna 404.
`For example, the DMA servers 406 can switch and route calls
`received via each antenna 404. Additionally, the DMA serv
`ers 406 can hand-off calls to each other as mobile communi
`cations devices move around and between the cellular cover
`age sites 402. The DMA servers 406 can communicate with
`each other via the IP network 410 and can further transmit
`calls to each other via the IP network 410. It should be
`understood that more than four cellular coverage sites 402 can
`be included in the system and that the inclusion of only four
`cellular coverage sites 402 in FIG. 4 is merely for clarity and
`explanation purposes.
`Within the distributed and associative telecommunications
`system 400 the controlling logic can be distributed and de
`centralized. Moreover, the wireless coverage provided by the
`disclosed system 400 is self-healing and redundant. In other
`words, due to the interconnectivity via the IP network 410, if
`
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`Microsoft v. Lemko- IPR2023-00531
`Page 19 of 28
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`7
`one or more of the DMA servers 406 loses powers, fails, or is
`otherwise inoperable, telephony traffic handled by the inop
`erable DMA server 406 can re-routed to one of the remaining
`operable DMA servers 406. Additionally, user data stored in
`a database, e.g., a home locator resource (HLR) or a visitor
`locator resource (VLR), can be distributed equally and fully
`among all of the DMA servers 406. It can also be appreciated
`that new cellular coverage sites can be easily added to the
`system 400 as the demand for users increases. Specifically, a
`DMA server can be deployed as described below, connected
`to an antenna, connected to the IP network, and activated to
`provide cellular coverage in a new area.
`FIG.5 shows an exemplary, non-limiting, detailed embodi
`ment of a DMA server, e.g., one of the DMA servers 406
`described in conjunction with FIG. 4. Further, any of the
`DMA servers 100, 200,300 shown in FIG.1, FIG.2, and FIG.
`3 can include the components depicted in FIG. 5 and
`described herein.
`In a particular embodiment, the DMA server 406 is essen
`tially a processor, or computer, having a housing and a com
`puter readable medium 500 that is disposed therein. A power
`supply 502 can also be disposed within the housing of the
`DMA server 406 in order to provide power to the DMA server
`406. The power supply 502 can be a rechargeable battery
`disposed within the DMA server 406 or it can be external to
`the DMA server 406, i.e., a standard power outlet. Moreover,
`a cooling system 504, e.g., a fan with a thermostat, can be
`within the DMA server 406 in order to keep the DMA server
`406 from overheating. In an alternative embodiment, the
`DMA server 406 can be a single board processor that does not
`require a fan.
`As depicted in FIG. 5, the DMA server 406 may include a
`mobile switching center (MSC) module 506 and a