Dictionary of
`Computer and
`Internet lerms
`
`Netskope Exhibit 1014
`
`Sa—————————===
`
`Douglas Downing, Ph.D., Michael Covington, Ph.D., and
`Melody Mauldin Covington
`
`Page 1 of 4
`
`BARRON’S
`BUSINESS
`GUIDES
`
`Siow eeliaten
`
`* More than 3,200 key terms defined and explained,
`many with helptul illustrations and tables
`* Practical guidance for the business software users,
`Tecra MUAea law, and ethics
`* Computer science principles and programming examples
`in the most widely used computer languages
`tiemenetemiceeleehweTTiCeeLCito
`Tiesaitmeeiiatle cetteMal ites
`
`Page 1 of 4
`
`Netskope Exhibit 1014
`
`
`
`Dictionary of
`Computer and
`Internet Terms
`
`Tenth Edition
`
`Douglas A. Downing, Ph.D.
`School of Business and Economics
`Seattle Pacific University
`
`Michael A. Covington, Ph.D.
`Artificial Intelligence Center
`The University of Georgia
`
`Melody Mauldin Covington
`Covington Innovations
`Athens, Georgia
`
`Catherine Anne Covington
`Covington Innovations
`Athens, Georgia
`
`With the assistance of
`Sharon Covington
`
`Page 2 of 4
`
`Netskope Exhibit 1014
`
`
`
`ABOUT THE AUTHORS
`
`Douglas Downing teaches economics and quantitative methods at the School of
`Business and Economics at Seattle Pacific University. He is the author of several
`books in both Barron’s Easy Way and Business Review series. He is also the author
`of Java Programming the Easy Way and Dictionary of Mathematics Terms, published
`by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. He holds the Ph.D. degree in economics from
`Yale University.
`Michael Covington is Associate Director of the Artificial Intelligence Institute at
`the University of Georgia. He is the author of several books and over 250 magazine
`articles. He holds the Ph.D. degree in linguistics from Yale University.
`Melody Mauldin Covington is a graphic designer living in Athens, Georgia. She
`is the author of Dictionary of Desktop Publishing (published by Barron’s).
`Catherine Anne Covington is a student at the Lamar Dodd School of Art
`(University of Georgia).
`Sharon Covington is a student at Emory University.
`
`© Copyright 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1998, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1989,
`and 1986 by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.
`
`All rights reserved.
`No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in
`any form or by any means without the written permission
`of the copyright owner.
`
`All inquiries should be addressed to:
`Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.
`250 Wireless Boulevard
`Hauppauge, NY 11788
`www.barronseduc.com
`ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-4105-8
`ISBN-10: 0-7641-4105-8
`
`Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 2008044365
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Downing, Douglas.
`Dictionary of computer and Internet terms / Douglas A. Downing,
`Michael A. Covington, Melody Mauldin Covington. — 10th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 978-0-7641-4105-8
`1. Computers—Dictionaries. 2. Internet—Dictionaries. I. Covington,
`Michael A., 1957– II. Covington, Melody Mauldin. III. Title.
`
`QA76.15.D667 2009
`004.03—dc22
`
`PRINTED IN CHINA
`9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
`
`2008044365
`
`Page 3 of 4
`
`Netskope Exhibit 1014
`
`
`
`\n
`
`322
`
`N
`\n in C and related languages, the symbol, within a character string, that
`indicates starting a new line. Thus, “hello\nworld” is a string which
`prints out as:
`
`hello
`world
`
`nagware shareware that always opens with a message begging for remu-
`neration. Some nagware is exceptionally persistent and interrupts your
`work sessions with messages reminding you to register (and pay!). See
`FREE SOFTWARE; SHAREWARE.
`.name a suffix indicating that a web or e-mail domain address belongs to an
`individual person (in any country). Contrast .COM. See also ICANN; TLD.
`nameserver a computer whose job is to translate names into IP ADDRESSES
`for other computers.
`Most computers on the Internet do not contain their own directories
`of the whole network. Instead, they rely on nameservers to interpret
`names for them. Nameservers, in turn, obtain information from other
`nameservers. See DNS.
`
`namespace
`1. the set of names available for naming things such as files, variables
`in a program, or computers in a network. If two parts of a program have
`different namespaces, the same name can be used in both places for dif-
`ferent purposes without conflict. See also LOCAL VARIABLE.
`2. in C#, a section of a program that has its own namespace (definition 1).
`
`NAND gate (Figure 174) a logic gate whose output is 0 if both of the inputs
`are 1, and is 1 otherwise, thus:
`
`Inputs
`0
`0
`0
`1
`1
`0
`1
`1
`
`Output
`1
`1
`1
`0
`
`A NAND gate is equivalent to an AND gate followed by a NOT gate.
`NAND gates are important because all the other types of logic circuits
`can be built out of them. See LOGIC CIRCUITS.
`
`FIGURE 174. NAND gate (logic symbol)
`
`Page 4 of 4
`
`Netskope Exhibit 1014
`
`
