`
`Microsoft
`
`* Fully updated with the Eyer ae
`Moreaeaek) AU
`edese
`Peanoeek
`ETMMarcasMica elec
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`Box & Dropbox Exhibit 1021
`Page 1
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`Box & Dropbox Exhibit 1021
`Page 1
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`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Micrraait Press
`A Devisien of Micruaolt Corpisration
`One Microsoft Wiy
`Redmond, Washingion 98052-6299
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`All nights reserved. No pant of the contents of this book may be reproduced oF trsiaemithed in any form
`ot by any means waththe written permission of the publisher.
`
`Labrary ol (Congress. Cataloging-in-Publicaticn Buta
`Microsnlt Compiter Dichonary.--S1h ec.
`p.
`) cm.
`ISBN 0-7256-1495-4
`I. Computers--Dichonuries. 2 Microcemputers—Dictionaries.
`
`AQTHS, MS2287
`On’ 3—de2 |
`
`ZOO
`
`qn2t97 14
`
`Printed and bound ia the United States of America
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`Lig4S5 6789 QW Tes a32
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`Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogive record for this book is avaliabbe fromthe Biritist Library,
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`Microsoft Press booke are available through booksellers and dhetibutors workdwide. For further oiorma-
`Hon about international editions, comact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Micromeit
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`Send commenti io euipinp oie micrmandtcom.
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`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMowie, ActiveStoce, ActiveSyne, Activex, Authemticnde,
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`DirectPtay, DirectShow, PirectSound, DirectX, Entourage. FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, [mteliiEye,
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`The cxample companies, organizations. products, domain naines, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`anid events depicted herein inte fotitions. No association with any neal company. Oranizanion, product,
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`Acquisitions Editor; Alex Blanton
`Project Ecliter: SaniHaynes
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`Body Part No. XOS-17920
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`Box & Dropbox Exhibit 1021
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`

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`Digitized by the Internet Archive
`in 2022 with funding from
`Kahle/Austin Foundation
`
`https://archive.org/‘details!&Biopbsoftcomp!uteQo00unse
`Page 3
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`

`Contents
`
`fritrmdlnc Bare
`Charges in the Pith Faiitien
`Cinder of Pre eerrnior
`Entries
`Future Printings amd Ealitions
`
`re
`eet
`arr
`Frey
`
`wt
`‘ait
`its
`wa
`ira
`ile
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`iH
`sade ee
`ee
`sre
`pred
`pte eee.
`,
`a
`eee ee eee aaa:e
`wil
`
`Dictionary of Computer Terms...............1
`
`Appendix A:
`Comman Character Sets. 4.6.6
`ANSD Character Set-
`eae
`
`park neiatataa ts Cee So itty ego aneeeg hac
`:
`Facinirea
`eas
`;
`S87
`
`Apole Macintosh Extended (Character Set...
`LBM Extended Character Set
`reini
`EBCDIC Character Set
`Pees
`
`c02
`
`;
`
`sce sae yee te gee
`arene
`rie
`teats
`Peguero
`
`;
`
`eee SS
`say
`594
`
`emits
`
`Appendix B:
`Common File Extensions
`
`phn ne
`
`Sera ae.
`
`2
`
`toca
`
`mci
`
`wiped ote
`
`Appendix C:
`Instant Messaging Emoticons and Acronyms ........
`
`piste tent
`
`aac Hoge
`
`Appendix D:
`DTUTOE EON ira
`
`oe
`
`sae pe sealers aoe ci eta ee ace eget ee wea pote 623
`
`Appendix E:
`BrineEquivalents. sa eee eee eRe Cne a eee a Sate 631
`
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`fly swapping a. See swap-on-the-fly.
`FM it, See frequency modulation.
`
`FM encoding n. See frequency modulation encoding.
`
`focus Wh. In television and raster-scan displays, to make
`an-dectron beam converge at a single point on the immer
`surface of the screen,
`
`FOCUS 9. See Federation on Computing im the United
`States,
`
`FOOD mn. See fax on demand.
`
`folder a. In the Mac OS, 32-bit versions of Windows, and
`other operating systems, a container for programs and files
`in graphical user interfaces, symboltred on the screen by a
`graphical image (icon) of a file folder. This: container: is
`ciled a directory in other systems, such as MS-DOS ane
`UNIX. A folder is a means of organizing programs and
`documents.on a disk and can hold both files and additional
`folders, It first appeared commercially in Apple Com-
`puter’s Lisa in 1983 and inthe Apple Macintosh in 1984
`See alse directory.
`follo i, A printed page umber.
`follow-up #. A post to a newsgroup that replies 19 an arti-
`éle. The follow-up has the sane subject line as the original
`article, with the prefix “Re: wtteched. An article and all of
`its follow-ups, in the order they were received, constitute a
`threod, which o user cun read together using a newsreader,
`
`font, A-set of characters of the sume typeface (mach aa
`Garamond), style (such as italic), and weight (ach as bold).
`
`alse ROM cartridge.
`
`Font/DA Mover «. An application for older Apple Mac-
`intosh systems thal allows the wser to install screen fonts
`and detk accessones.
`
`font editor n. A utility program that enables the user to
`Modify existing fonts of to create and save new ones, Such
`an application commonly works with a screen representa-
`non of the font, witha representation that.can be down-
`loaded to a PostScript or other primer, or with both. See
`aloo Postscript font, screen font,
`
`font family n. The set of available fonts representing vari-
`ations ofa single typeface. For example, Times Roman
`and Times Roman Italic are members of the same font
`family. When the user indicates italic, the system selects
`the correct italic font forthe font family, with its charac-
`tenstic appearance. If there is noitalic font in the family,
`the system simply slants, or “obliques,” the corresponding
`foman character, See also italic, nore.
`
`font generator nA program (hut transforms built-in
`character outlines into bit maps (pattems of dots) of the
`style and sate required for a printed document. Font gener-
`ators work by scaling a character outline to size; often they
`can also expand or compress the characters they generate,
`Some fom generators store the resultant charucters on
`disk; others send them directly to the printer.
`font number n, The number by which an application or
`operating system internally identifies a given font: On the
`Apple Macintosh, for example, fonts can be identified by
`their exact names as well as their font numbers, and a font
`
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`recorded piano note, dightined and stored im memory, |s
`Weed by ihe synthesizer to create other pume-like motes,
`samural 1. A hacker employed by a company oF organi
`fatiOn 10 Mange network security or condwet begal cewek:
`ing apenstions, A-samurai uses the skills of a hacker to
`meet the legitimate needs of an employer
`SAN ¥. See stompe area network
`
`sandbox ni. 1. tava Virtual Machine security area for
`downloaded (remote or untrusted) applets, an area in
`which such applets are confined and prevented from
`ACCESsystem resources, Confinement to the sandbox
`prevents downloaded applets from carrying out potentially
`dangerous operations, maliciously or otherwise. They
`have to “play” inside the sandbox, and any attempt to
`“escape” is thucanted by the Java Security Manager
`2. Slang for the research and development department at
`tiny software and computer companies. See alse applet,
`Java Virtual Mache.
`
`sans sertf adj. Literally, “without stroke”, describes any
`typeface in which the characters have no serifs (the shor
`lines or ornaments at the upper and bower ends of the
`strokes), A sans serif typeface usually possesses 1 more
`straightorward, geometnic appearance than a typeface
`with serifs and typically lacks the contrast between thick
`and thin strokes found in serif faces. Sans serif typefaces
`ire used tore frequently in display type. such is head
`lines, than in blocks of text. Compare serif'.
`
`SAOL n. Acronym for Structured Audio Orchestra Lun-
`guage. Pant of the MPEG standard. SAOL describes a set
`of tecls for producing computer music, aidio for computer
`fames, streaming Imenset sound or music, and other multi-
`media applications. SAQH is a flexiblecomputer language
`for descnbing music synthesis and integrating synthetic
`sound with recorded sound inn MPEG-4 bit stream. See
`aise bit stream, MPEG-4, streaming {definition |).
`
`SAP n. See Service Advertising Protocol.
`
`SAPI n. Acronym for Speech Application Programming
`Interface. A feature in Windows 9x and Windows NT that
`allows applications to include speech recognition or con-
`vert text to speech, Also called: Speech APL See alse
`Voice MecogHition,
`
`SAS 1. See single attachment station.
`
`SASL x. Acronym for Simple Authentication and Security
`Liver An authentication suppor mechanism for use with
`conpection-hased protocols. SASL allows a client bo
`reejuerd Lend Acation from a server ana hopotiabe wae ol an
`added security layer for authentication during subeeciserit
`clientverver interaction
`
`satellite n, See communicaiions satellite
`
`satellite computer ©. A computer that is connected to
`another companies, wrth which if interacts over a communi-
`cations link. As its name indicates, 2 satellite computer is
`of lesser “stature” than the mam. or host, computer; the
`host comtrols either the satellite itself or the tasks the satel-
`
`lite performs. Sée also remote communications.
`
`satellite dish n. A parabolic (dish-shaped) neflector and
`antenna that 1s used for transmitting and receiving sivnals
`between the ground and carth satellites. Satellite dishes
`are commonly used for recening television transmissions.
`saturated mode n. Thestate in which a switching device
`ar amplifier is passing the maximum possible current. A
`device is iin saturated mode when increasing the contol
`signal does not result in outpedt of additional currerit.
`
`saturation a. 1. Ina switching device or amplifier, the
`fully conducting state, At saturation, the device is passing
`the miximum possible current. The term is most com-
`monly weed with reference to chncuits comtaining bipalar or
`field-effect transistors. 2 In coher graphics and printing.
`the amount of color in a specified hoe, often epecified usa
`percentage, See also HSB,
`save vb. To woe data (typically a file) to a storege
`medium, such as a disk or tape.
`SAX nn. Acconym for Somple APT for XML. An event
`driven application proeram interface (APY) used to inter-
`pretan XML file: SAX works with an XML parser, peo
`viding an interface between the parser and an XML
`application. SAX 1s used a an aliemative to the more
`complex object-based Document Object Model (DOM)
`interface. See alike DOM
`
`scalability n,.A measure of how well acomptiter, service,
`or applicnlion can grow io meet incteaking performance
`demands, For server clusters, it is the ability to incremen-
`tally add one or more systems to an existing cluster when
`the overall load af the cluster exceeds its capabilities, See
`aise server cluster,
`
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`a
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`ae
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`oo
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`symbolic address ». A memory address that can be
`referred to ina program by name rather than by momber.
`
`symbolle coding 1. The expression of an algorithm in
`words, decimal numbers, and symbols rather than in
`binary numbers, 20 that a person can read and understand
`i Symbolic coding is used in high-level programming
`languoges. See also olgorithm, high-level language
`
`symbolic language «A computer language thal uses
`syinbols such as keywords, variables, and operabors to
`farm instructions. All computer hinguages except machine
`language ire symbolic
`
`symbolle link #. A disk directory entry that takes the
`Place of adirectory entry for a file but is actually a refer-
`ence 00 4 file in a different directory, Also cadied> alias,
`shortcut, soft link, symbiek
`
`symbolic logie n. A representation of the lows of reason-
`ing, so named because symbols rather than matural-ban-
`RUPE EXPRESSIONS are used to state propositions and
`relationships. See also logic.
`
`symbol set n Any collection of symbols legitimired by a
`data-codine system, such as extended ASCII. or a pro
`gramming language.
`symboltable nA hist of all identifiers encountered when
`i program is compiled (or assembled), their locations im
`the program, and their attributes, such as variable, roatine,
`and soon. See alse compile, identifier, linker, module
`(definition 1), object cade,
`symlink nm. See symbolic link.
`
`symmetric digital subscriber line n. Ser SDSL
`
`symmetric multiprocessing ». Ser SMP
`
`symmetrle multiprocessing server See SMP server.
`
`SYM », Short for synchronous idle charwcter, A character
`used in synchronous (timed) communications that enables
`the sending and receiving devices to maintain the same,
`timing, Atte caffed: syne chirramcter
`
`syne character n. See SYN.
`
`syncDRAM 1. See SORAM.
`
`synchronization #. 1. In networking. a communications
`transmissian in which multibyte packets of data are sent
`ind received ot a fixed rate. See also packet (definition |),
`2 In networking. the matching of timing hetween comput-
`ers on the network, Allolthe computers are generally
`assigned identical times. to facilitate and coordinate com-
`
`munications. 3. Ina computer, the matching of timing
`berween components of the computer so that all are coor-
`dinated. For instance, operations performed by the operut-
`ing sysiem are generally synchronized with the signals of
`the machine's intemal clock. See ales clock (definition 1),
`operating system. 4. In application or database files, ver
`sion comparisons of copies of the files to ensure they eon:
`tain the same data. 5. In multimedia, precise real-time
`processing. Audio and video ure transmitted over a net-
`work in synchronization #0 ihat they can be played back
`together without delayed responses, See alse real-time,
`6. In handheld computing, the process of updating of back:
`ing op the data on o handheld computer to the linked sofi-
`ware applications on adeskiop-computer, Data changes
`made on the desktop computer may also be copied to the
`handheld dunng synchronization. See alse partnership,
`synchronization signal n. See syne signal.
`synchronize wh To cause to occur af the same time,
`
`Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language 1.
`See SMIL_
`
`synchronous adj. Occurring at the same ume, In com-
`puLer bransnssions, ateference to-activily governed bya
`clock of by synchronized ming.
`
`synchronous burst static RAM nA type of static
`RAM that is synchronized with the system clock, Syn-
`chronows burst static RAM is used in a computer's L2
`cache, where frequently accessed information is stored
`for fast retneval by the CPU. Synchronous burst-static
`RAM is faster than asynchronous static RAM but is lime
`ited to a maximum bus speed of 6 MHe. Computers
`mnning at faster speeds can use another form of cache
`memory known as pipeline burst staiic RAM, Alva
`called; sync SRAM. See also L2 cache, static RAM
`Compare asynchronous static RAM, dynamic RAM,
`pipeline burst sutic RAM,
`
`synchronous communications 1. Computer-to-com-
`Puller communications in which iransmiksionaé are eyn-
`chronined by timing between the sending and receiving
`machines,
`
`Synchronous Data Link Control 1, Sey SDLC.
`
`Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 1. An ITU recommen:
`dation implemented in Europe and similar in most
`fespects to the SONET standard used in North America
`and Japan. See also SONET.
`
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