Microsoft
`
`
`
`* Fully updated with the latest
`technologies, terms, and acer
`* Easy to read, expertly teoon |
`¢ Definitive coverage of hardware,
`software, the Internet, and more!
`
`
`
`Topia Exhibit 2015
`Page | of 4
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced of transmitted in any form
`of by amy means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`
`1. Computers--Dictionaries.
`
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`AQT6.3.M52267
`004".03--dc21
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`23456789 OWT 765432
`
`Distributed in Canada by HB. Fenn and Company Ltd.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Libraty.
`
`Microsoft Press books ate available though booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further infomma-
`tion about intemational editions, contact yout local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press Intemational directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit oor Web site at wawmicrosoft.com/‘mspress.
`Send comments 00 mspinpur® microsoft. com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSyac, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directinput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, Intellisense, TScrnpt, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Wind2s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox ace either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`companynames mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, of event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X03-41929
`
`Topia Exhibit 2015
`Page 2 of 4
`
`

`

`HTML attribute
`
`HTTPS
`
`indicate how Web browsers should display these elements
`to the user and should respond to user actions such as acti-
`valion of a link by means of a key press of mouse click.
`HTML 2, defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force
`(IETF), included features of HTML common to all Web
`browsers as of 1994 and was the first version of HTML
`
`widely used on the World Wide Web. HTML+ was pro-
`posed for extending HTML 2 in 1994, butit was never
`implemented. HTML 3, which also was never standard-
`ized of fully implemented by a major browser developer,
`introduced tables. HTML 3.2 incorporated features widely
`implemented as of early 1996, including tables, applets,
`and the ability to flow text around images. HTML4,the
`latest specification, supports style sheets and scripting lan-
`guapes and includes intemationalization and accessibility
`features. Future HTML development will be carried out by
`the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Most Web
`browsers, notably Netscape Navigator and Internet
`Explorer, recognize HTMIL tags beyond those included in
`the present standard. See also .htm, .html, SGML, tag
`(definition 3), Web browser.
`
`HTML attribute a. A value within an HTML tag that
`assigns additional properties to the object being defined.
`Some HTMLediting software assigns some attributes
`automatically when you create an object such as a para-
`@raph or table.
`
`HTML cede fragment «. HTML code that you add toa
`Web page to create features such as a script, a counter, or a
`scrolling marquee. Often used in the context of webrings
`to add a link and standard araphics or automation to an
`individual page to indicate membership.
`HTML document «. A hypertext document that has been
`coded with HTML. See Web pape.
`
`HTML editor nA software program used to create and
`modify HTML documents (Web pages). Most HTMLedi-
`tors include a method for inserting HTMLtags without
`actually having to type out each tag. A number of HTML
`editors will also automatically reformat a document with
`HTML tags, based on formatting codes used by the word
`processing program in which the document was created.
`See also tag (definition 3), Web page.
`
`HTML extensions #. A feature or setting that is an exten-
`sion to the formal HTML specification. Extensions may
`not be supported by all Web browsers, but they may be
`used widely by Web authors. An example of an extension
`is Marquee scrolling text.
`HTML page a. See Web pape.
`
`HTML server control». An ASP.NET server control that
`
`belongs to the System.Web.ULHitmlControls namespace. An
`HTML server conteol maps directly to an HTML element
`and is declared on an ASP.NET page as an HTML element
`Marked by a munai=server atinibute. In contrast to Web server
`controls, HTML server controls do not have an <asp:Con-
`trolName> tag prefix. ve afro Web server control.
`
`HTML source n. See source (definition 2).
`
`HTML source file n. See source (definition 2).
`
`HTMLtag n. See tag (definition 3).
`HTML validation service a. A service used to confirm
`
`that a Web page uses valid HTML according to the latest
`standard and/or that its hyperlinks are valid. An HTML
`validation service can catch small syntactical errors im
`HTML coding as well as deviations from the HTML stan-
`dards. See also HTML.
`
`HTTP #2. Acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The
`protocol used to carry requests from a browser to a Web
`server and to transport pages from Web servers back to the
`requesting browser. Although HTTPis almost universally
`used on the Web, it is not an especially secure protocol.
`HTTPd #. Acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Dae-
`mon. A small, fast HTTP server that was available free
`
`from NCSA. HTTPd was the predecessor for Apache.
`Also called: HTTP Daemon. See also Apache, HTTP
`server, NCSA (definition 1).
`
`HTTP Daemon «. See HTTPS
`
`HTTP Next Generation «. See HTTP-NG.
`
`HTTP-NG an. Acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol
`Next Generation. A standard under development by the
`World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for improving per-
`formance and enabling the addition of features such as
`security. Whereas the current version of HTTP establishes
`a conection each time a request is made, HTTP-NG will
`set up one connection (which consists of separate channels
`for control information and data) for an entire session
`between a particular client and a particular server.
`HTTPS «. 1. Acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol
`Secure. A variation of HTTP that provides for encryption
`and transmission through a secure port. HTTPS was
`devised by Netscape and allows HTTP to nun over a secu-
`rity mechanism known as SS5L (Secure Sockets Layer). See
`also HTTP, SSL. 2. Web server software for Windows NT.
`Developed by the European Microsoft Windows NT Aca-
`demic Centre (EMWAC)at the University of Edinburgh,
`
`Topia Exhibit 2015
`Page 3 of 4
`
`

`

`HTTP server
`
`hyperlink
`
`Scotland, it offers such features as WATS seanch capability.
`See also ATTP server, WAIS.
`
`HTTP server a. 1. Server software that uses HTTP to
`
`serve up HTML documents and any associated files and
`scnipis when requested by a client, such as a Web browser.
`The connection between client and serveris usually bro-
`ken after the requested document or file has been served.
`HTTP servers are used on Web and Intranet sites. Alsa
`
`called: Web server. See aiso HTML, HTTP, server (defi-
`nition 2). Compare application server. 2. Any machine on
`which an HTTP server program is running.
`HTTP status codes nm. Three-digit codes sent by an
`HTTP serverthat indicate the results of a request for data.
`Codes beginning with | respond to requests that the client
`may not have finished sending: with 2, successful
`requests; with 3, further action that the client must take;
`with 4, requests that failed because ofclient error, and
`with 5, requests that failed because of server error. See
`also 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, HTTP.
`
`HTTP streaming . The process of downloading stream-
`ing digital media using an HTTP server (a standard Inter-
`het server) rather than a server designed specifically to
`transmit streaming media. HTTP streaming downloads the
`media file onto a computer, which plays the downloaded
`file as it becomes available. See alse real-time streaming.
`hub ». Ina network, a device joining communicationlines
`ala central location, providing a common connection to
`all devices on the network. The term is an analogy to the
`hub of a wheel. See aise active hub, switching hub.
`hue 7. In the HSB color model, one of the three character-
`istics used to describe a color. Hue is the attribute that
`
`most readily distinguishes one color from other colors. It
`depends on the frequency of a light wave in the visible
`spectrum. See afro color model, HSB. Compare bright-
`ness, saturation (definition 2).
`
`human-machine interface a. The boundary at which
`people make contact with and use machines; when applied
`to programs and operating systems, it is more widely
`known as the user interface.
`
`hung adj. See hang.
`hybrid circuit #. A circuit in which fundamentally differ-
`ent types of components are used to perform similar func-
`tions, such as a stereo amplifier that uses both tubes and
`transistors.
`
`hybrid computer n. A computer that contains both digital
`and analog circuits.
`
`hybrid microcircuit ©. A microelectronic circuit that
`combines individual microminiaturized components and
`integrated components.
`
`hybrid network «. A network constructed of different
`topologies, such as ring and star See alse bus network,
`fing network, star network, Token-Ring network, topology.
`Hybris virus «. A slow-spreading but persistent self-
`updating Intemet worm first detected im late 2000. The
`Hybris vinus is activated whenever an infected computer is
`conmected to the Intermet. It attaches itself to all outgoing
`e-mail messages, Maintains a list of all e-mail addresses in
`the headers of incoming e-mail messages, and sends cop-
`ies of itself to all e-mail addresses on the list. Hybris is
`difficull to eradicate because il updates itself regularly,
`accessing and downloading updates and plug-ins from
`anonymous postings to the all.comp.vinus newsgroup.
`Hybris incorporates downloaded extensions into its code,
`and it e-mails its modified form to additional potential
`victims. Hybris often includes a spiral plug-in which pro-
`duces a spinning disk on top of any active windows on a
`users screen.
`
`HyperCard «. An information-management software tool,
`designed for the Apple Macintosh, that implements many
`hypertext concepts. A HyperCard document consists of a
`series of cards, collected into a stack. Each card can con-
`
`Huffman coding ». A method of compressing a given set
`of data based on the relative frequencyof the individual
`tain text, graphical images, sound, buttons that enable
`elements. The more often a given element, such asaletter,
`travel from cand to card, and other controls. Programs and
`occurs, the shorter, in bits, is its comesponding code. It
`routines can be coded as scripts in an object-oriented lan-
`was one of the earliest data compression codes and. with
`guage called HyperTalk of developed as external code
`modifications, remains one of the most widely used codes
`resources (CMDs and XPCNs). See also hypertext,
`for a lane variety of message types.
`object-oniented programming, XCMD, XPCN.
`
`human engineering n. The designing of machines and
`associated products to suit the needs of humans. See also
`ergonomics.
`
`hyperlink #. A connection between an element in a hyper-
`text document, such as a word, a phrase, a symbol, of an
`image, and a different element in the document, another
`
`Topia Exhibit 2015
`Page 4 of 4
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