2001-09-28
`
`P802.16ab-01/01r2, 2001-09-28
`
`P802.16ab-01/01r2
`
`Unapproved Working Document
`
`Local and Metropolitan Area Networks– Part 16:
`
`Standard Air Interface for Fixed
`Broadband Wireless Access
`Systems-
`Media Access Control Modifica-
`tions and Additional Physical
`Layer for 2-11 GHz
`
`Abstract: This document is {potentially the basis of} an amendment to the IEEE 802.16 standard
`for medium-access and physical layer components that meet the functional requirements of a point-
`to-multipoint Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system between 2 and 11 GHz as defined by the
`IEEE 802.16 Working Group. Detailed logical, electrical, and signal processing specifications are
`presented that enable the production of interoperable equipment.
`
`Keywords: WirelessMAN™ standards, metropolitan area network,
`access networks
`
`fixed broadband wireless
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`0001
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`VWGoA EX1012
`U.S. Patent No. 8,467,366
`
`

`

`P802.16ab-01/01r2, 2001-09-28
`
`Participants
`
`Current list of responsible officials:
`
`Roger B. Marks,
`Brian Kiernan,
`Carl Bushue
`Durga Satapathy,
`Sanjay Moghe
`Nico van Waes,
`Ken Peirce,
`
`Chair 802.16
`Chair 802.16a
`Vice-Chair 802.16a
`Chair 802.16b
`Vice-Chair 802.16b
`Editor (Overall & PHY)
`Editor (MAC)
`
`Editorial Instructions
`
`NOTE-The editing instructions contained in this amendment/corrigendum define how to merge the material contained
`herein into the existing base standard and its amendments to form the comprehensive standard.
`
`The editing instructions are shown bold italic. Four editing instructions are used: change, delete, insert, and replace.
`Change is used to make small corrections in existing text or tables. The editing instruction specifies the location of the
`change and describes what is being changed by using strikethrough (to remove old material) and underscore (to add new
`material). Delete removes existing material. Insert adds new material without disturbing the existing material. Insertions
`may require renumbering. If so, renumbering instructions are given in the editing instruction. Replace is used to make
`large changes in existing text, subclauses, tables, or figures by removing existing material and replacing it with new
`material. Editorial notes will not be carried over into future editions because the changes will be incorporated into the
`base standard.
`
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`P802.16ab-01/01r2, 2001-09-28
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`4
`
`Contents
`
`1. Overview................................................................................ ......... 16
`1.1 Scope................................................................................................. ...........16
`
`1.1.1 10 - 66 GHz Bands.................................................................................... ............ 16
`
`1.1.2 2-11 Ghz Bands........................................................................................ ............ 16
`1.2 Purpose.............................................................................................. ...........17
`1.3 IEEE 802 Architectural Conformance............................................. ...........17
`1.4 Reference Model............................................................................... ...........17
`
`1.4.1 License Exempt Mesh Topology Option................................................ ............ 17
`1.4.1.1 Distributed scheduling.......................................................................... ............ 17
`1.4.1.2 Centralized and Decentralized scheduling........................................... ............ 18
`4. Abbreviations and acronyms............................................... ......... 18
`6. MAC Sublayer - Common Part........................................... ......... 22
`
`6.2.2 MAC PDU Formats................................................................................... ............ 22
`6.2.2.1 Message Formats................................................................................ ............ 22
`6.2.2.3.1 Downlink Channel Descriptor (DCD) Message.............................. ............ 22
`6.2.2.3.2 Uplink Channel Descriptor (UCD) Message................................... ............ 22
`6.2.2.3.4 Uplink Map (UL-MAP) message..................................................... ............ 22
`6.2.2.3.6 Ranging Response (RNG-RSP) message..................................... ............ 22
`6.2.2.4.33 Mesh Schedule with Distributed Scheduling (MSH-DSCH) Message...... 24
`6.2.2.4.34 Mesh Schedule with Centralized Scheduling (MSH-CSCH) Message..... 25
`6.2.2.4.35 Mesh Network Configuration (MSH-NCFG) Message................. ............ 26
`6.2.2.4.36 Mesh Network Entry (MSH-NENT) Message............................... ............ 29
`6.2.2.4.37 Mesh Centralized Request (MSH-CRQS) Message.................... ............ 30
`
`6.2.4 ARQ - 2-11 GHz Bands Only.................................................................... ............ 32
`6.2.4.1 Block Numbering Scheme.................................................................... ............ 32
`6.2.4.2 ARQ Acknowledgement, Sub-header and Type fields......................... ............ 33
`6.2.4.2.1 Acknowledgment Message Format................................................ ............ 33
`6.2.4.3 Updated Generic MAC header type field encoding.............................. ............ 33
`6.2.4.4 ARQ sub-header without packing........................................................ ............ 35
`6.2.4.5 ARQ sub-header with packing............................................................. ............ 36
`6.2.4.6 ARQ Feedback Sub-header................................................................. ............ 37
`6.2.4.7 ARQ Parameters.................................................................................. ............ 37
`6.2.4.7.1 ARQ_BLOCK_SIZE....................................................................... ............ 37
`6.2.4.7.2 ARQ_WINDOW_SIZE.................................................................... ............ 37
`6.2.4.7.3 ARQ_BLOCK_LIFETIME............................................................... ............ 37
`6.2.4.7.4 ARQ_RETRY_TIMEOUT............................................................... ............ 37
`6.2.4.7.5 ARQ_SYNC_LOSS_TIMEOUT...................................................... ............ 38
`6.2.4.8 ARQ Procedures.................................................................................. ............ 38
`6.2.4.8.1 ARQ State Machine Variables....................................................... ............ 38
`6.2.4.9 ARQ Connection Setup and Negotiation.............................................. ............ 38
`6.2.4.9.1 ARQ_SUPPORT............................................................................ ............ 38
`6.2.4.9.2 ARQ Operation............................................................................... ............ 41
`6.2.4.9.3 Transmitter State Machine............................................................. ............ 42
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`6.2.4.9.4 Receiver State Machine................................................................. ............ 43
`6.2.4.9.5 Standalone ARQ Feedback........................................................... ............ 44
`
`6.2.7 MAC Support of PHY Layers................................................................... ............ 46
`6.2.7.6 MAP Relevance and Synchronization.................................................. ............ 46
`6.2.7.7 Common PHY support elements for systems between 2 and 11 GHz ............ 50
`6.2.7.7.1 Downlink and uplink Operation...................................................... ............ 50
`6.2.7.7.2 Multiplexing and Multiple Access Technique................................. ............ 52
`6.2.7.7.3 MAC support of AAS...................................................................... ............ 55
`6.2.7.8 MAC support of 2-11 GHz SC PHY..................................................... ............ 58
`6.2.7.8.1 Uplink Burst Subframe Structure.................................................... ............ 58
`6.2.7.8.2 PHY SAP Parameter Definitions.................................................... ............ 59
`6.2.7.8.3 Downlink Physical Layer................................................................ ............ 59
`6.2.7.9 MAC support of 2-11 GHz OFDM PHY................................................ ............ 70
`6.2.7.9.1 Uplink Channel Descriptor (UCD) Message Parameters............... ............ 70
`6.2.7.9.2 Downlink Channel Descriptor (DCD) Message Parameters.......... ............ 70
`6.2.7.9.3 Mini-slot Definition.......................................................................... ............ 70
`6.2.7.9.4 Frame Structure............................................................................. ............ 70
`6.2.7.9.5 Preambles...................................................................................... ............ 71
`6.2.7.9.6 FCH Burst and DL Frame prefix..................................................... ............ 71
`6.2.7.9.7 MAP Messages.............................................................................. ............ 72
`6.2.7.10 MAC support of 2-11GHz OFDMA PHY............................................ ............ 78
`6.2.7.10.1 OFDMA Basic parameters........................................................... ............ 78
`6.2.7.10.2 OFDMA Frame Structure............................................................. ............ 78
`6.2.7.10.3 Bandwidth Request Using CDMA Codes..................................... ............ 86
`6.2.7.10.4 OFDMA Based Ranging............................................................... ............ 87
`6.2.7.11 MAC support of 2-11GHz License Exempt operation........................ ............ 92
`6.2.7.11.1 License Exempt Dynamic Frequency Selection........................... ............ 92
`6.2.7.11.2 Interference Mitigation and Co-Existence.................................... ............ 96
`6.2.7.11.3 Power control information element............................................... ............ 99
`6.2.7.12 MAC Support of 2-11GHz Advanced Antenna Systems.................... ............ 100
`6.2.7.12.1 Architectural Overview................................................................. ............ 100
`6.2.7.12.2 Compatability model..................................................................... ............ 102
`6.2.7.12.3 Logical channels with mapping to physical channels................... ............ 102
`6.2.7.12.4 MAC control functions.................................................................. ............ 102
`6.2.7.12.5 Subscriber Station Registration Process...................................... ............ 103
`6.2.7.12.6 Broadcast services....................................................................... ............ 104
`6.2.7.12.7 FDD support................................................................................. ............ 104
`
`6.2.8 Contention resolution.............................................................................. ............ 104
`6.2.8.13 Network Entry Procedure in Mesh mode........................................... ............ 104
`8. Physical Layer....................................................................... ......... 106
`8.3 Physical Layer for frequencies between 2 and 11 GHz................. ...........106
`
`8.3.1 Introduction.............................................................................................. ............ 106
`8.3.1.1 General................................................................................................ ............ 106
`8.3.1.1.1 PHY components........................................................................... ............ 106
`8.3.1.2 Key system capabilities........................................................................ ............ 109
`
`8.3.2 Targeted frequency bands, channel bandwidths and applicable masks ....... 110
`8.3.2.1 Frequency range and the channel bandwidth...................................... ............ 110
`8.3.2.2 Licensed bands.................................................................................... ............ 111
`8.3.2.3 License Exempt Bands........................................................................ ............ 113
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`8.3.2.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................... ............ 113
`8.3.2.3.2 USA................................................................................................ ............ 113
`8.3.2.3.3 CEPT.............................................................................................. ............ 113
`
`8.3.3 Downlink and uplink channels................................................................ ............ 114
`8.3.3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... ............ 114
`8.3.3.1.1 Duplexing modes........................................................................... ............ 114
`8.3.3.1.2 Multiple access............................................................................... ............ 114
`8.3.3.1.3 Transmission stream...................................................................... ............ 114
`8.3.3.1.4 Scrambling (randomization)........................................................... ............ 114
`8.3.3.1.5 Channel coding schemes............................................................... ............ 114
`8.3.3.1.6 Adaptive modulations..................................................................... ............ 123
`8.3.3.2 Downlink............................................................................................... ............ 123
`8.3.3.2.1 Downlink multiplexing..................................................................... ............ 123
`8.3.3.2.2 Downlink data modulation schemes............................................... ............ 123
`8.3.3.3 Uplink................................................................................................... ............ 123
`8.3.3.3.1 Uplink data modulation schemes................................................... ............ 123
`
`8.3.4 Single Carrier PHY Layer......................................................................... ............ 124
`8.3.4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... ............ 124
`8.3.4.2 Single Carrier PHY Features................................................................ ............ 124
`8.3.4.3 SC-FDE Wireless Access System Model............................................. ............ 125
`8.3.4.4 Single-Carrier with Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) Scheme......... 126
`8.3.4.5 Relationship of OFDM to SC-FDE....................................................... ............ 128
`8.3.4.6 Downlink Channel................................................................................ ............ 129
`8.3.4.6.1 DL Multiple Access......................................................................... ............ 129
`8.3.4.6.2 DL Modulation Formats.................................................................. ............ 129
`8.3.4.6.3 DL Transmit Processing................................................................. ............ 129
`8.3.4.6.4 Source Bit Randomization for Energy Dispersal............................ ............ 130
`8.3.4.6.5 DL FEC.......................................................................................... ............ 131
`8.3.4.6.6 DL Baseband Pulse Shaping......................................................... ............ 141
`8.3.4.7 Uplink Channel..................................................................................... ............ 142
`8.3.4.7.1 UL Multiple Access......................................................................... ............ 142
`8.3.4.7.2 UL Modulation Formats.................................................................. ............ 142
`8.3.4.7.3 UL Transmit Processing................................................................. ............ 142
`8.3.4.7.4 UL Source Bit Randomization for Energy Dispersal..................... ............ 142
`8.3.4.7.5 UL FEC.......................................................................................... ............ 143
`8.3.4.7.6 UL Baseband Pulse Shaping......................................................... ............ 143
`8.3.4.8 Framing, Multiple Access, and Duplexing............................................ ............ 143
`8.3.4.8.1 Overview of Frame Formats and Their Application........................ ............ 143
`8.3.4.9 Continuous Transmission Format........................................................ ............ 144
`8.3.4.9.1 Frames and Frame Preambles: Requirements and Usage............ ............ 144
`8.3.4.9.2 Pilot Words: Requirements and Usage.......................................... ............ 145
`8.3.4.9.3 Adaptive Modulation....................................................................... ............ 147
`8.3.4.9.4 Processing of Partially Empty Payloads......................................... ............ 149
`8.3.4.10 Burst Transmission Format................................................................ ............ 149
`8.3.4.10.1 Fundamental Burst Frame Elements........................................... ............ 150
`8.3.4.10.2 Pilot Words: Requirements and Usage........................................ ............ 152
`8.3.4.10.3 Burst Profile and Frequency Domain Equalization Processing Examples152
`8.3.4.10.4 Adaptive Modulation..................................................................... ............ 154
`8.3.4.11 Duplexing: FDD and TDD Operation.................................................. ............ 155
`8.3.4.11.1 FDD Operation............................................................................. ............ 155
`8.3.4.11.2 TDD Operation............................................................................. ............ 158
`8.3.4.12 Unique Word...................................................................................... ............ 159
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`8.3.4.12.1 Unique Word Sequence Design Criteria...................................... ............ 159
`8.3.4.12.2 Unique Word Sequence Specification.......................................... ............ 160
`8.3.4.13 Framing Recommendations for Antenna Diversity Systems.............. ............ 161
`8.3.4.13.1 Alamouti Transmit Diversity......................................................... ............ 161
`8.3.4.13.2 Application of Advanced Diversity Systems................................. ............ 164
`8.3.4.14 Framing Considerations for Adaptive Antenna Systems.................... ............ 165
`8.3.4.14.1 Application of Adaptive Antennas................................................ ............ 165
`8.3.4.15 SC-FDE System Capacity and Modulation Efficiency........................ ............ 165
`8.3.4.15.1 SC-FDE System Throughput....................................................... ............ 166
`8.3.4.16 Minimum Performance Requirements................................................ ............ 168
`8.3.4.16.1 System Requirements.................................................................. ............ 168
`8.3.4.16.2 Cell Requirements........................................................................ ............ 171
`
`8.3.5 OFDM PHY Layers.................................................................................... ............ 174
`8.3.5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... ............ 174
`8.3.5.1.1 Generic OFDM Symbol description................................................ ............ 174
`8.3.5.1.2 Time domain description................................................................ ............ 175
`8.3.5.1.3 Frequency Domain Description...................................................... ............ 176
`8.3.5.1.4 Overview of OFDM Symbol Parameters........................................ ............ 177
`8.3.5.1.5 Basic performance parameters...................................................... ............ 183
`8.3.5.2 Common elements............................................................................... ............ 183
`8.3.5.2.1 PMP Frame structure..................................................................... ............ 183
`8.3.5.2.2 Multiple Antenna Technology (optional)......................................... ............ 184
`8.3.5.3 OFDM PHY Layer for licensed bands.................................................. ............ 187
`8.3.5.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................... ............ 187
`8.3.5.3.2 Common elements......................................................................... ............ 187
`8.3.5.3.3 Mode AL - OFDM........................................................................... ............ 192
`8.3.5.3.4 Mode BL - OFDMA......................................................................... ............ 199
`8.3.5.3.5 Mode CL (optional)......................................................................... ............ 208
`8.3.5.4 OFDM PHY Layer for license-exempt bands....................................... ............ 213
`8.3.5.4.1 Introduction.................................................................................... ............ 213
`8.3.5.4.2 Common elements......................................................................... ............ 213
`8.3.5.4.3 Mode AE - OFDM, 64 FFT............................................................. ............ 226
`8.3.5.4.4 Mode BE- OFDM, 256 FFT............................................................ ............ 227
`8.3.5.4.5 Mode CE- OFDMA (optional)........................................................ ............ 228
`11. TLV-encodings.................................................................... ......... 229
`11.1 TLV-encoding for OFDM PHY........................................................ ...........229
`
`11.1.1 UCD message encodings....................................................................... ............ 229
`11.1.1.2 UCD Burst Profile Encodings............................................................. ............ 229
`11.1.2.2 DCD burst profile encodings.............................................................. ............ 230
`
`11.1.4 "RNG-RSP message encodings"........................................................... ............ 230
`11.2 TLV encoding for OFDMA PHY...................................................... ...........231
`
`11.1.4 RNG-RSP Message Encodings.............................................................. ............ 231
`13 Bibliography......................................................................... ......... 233
`A. Annex to systems between 2 and 11 GHz........................... ......... 237
`A.1 Turbo product codes............................................................. .......... 237
`A.1.1 Example of a shortened 2-dimensional TPC............................ ...........237
`A.1.2 Iterative Decoding....................................................................... ...........237
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`A.2 License-exempt...................................................................... .......... 241
`A.2.1 Interference mitigation and sharing mechanisms................... ...........241
`A.2.1.1 Dynamic frequency selection..................................................... ...........241
`A.2.1.2 Transmit power control.............................................................. ...........241
`A.2.1.3 Ephemeris transmit interruption................................................ ...........241
`A.2.1.4 Antenna directivity..................................................................... ...........241
`A.2.1.5 Antenna polarization.................................................................. ...........242
`A.2.2 Services in the 5 GHz band........................................................ ...........242
`A.2.2.1 IEEE 802.16b PMP system........................................................ ...........242
`A.2.2.2 IEEE 802.16b mesh system....................................................... ...........242
`A.2.2.2.1 Antenna parameters.............................................................. ...........243
`A.2.2.2.2 Mandatory mode Radio parameters...................................... ...........244
`A.2.2.3 EESS and FSS............................................................................ ...........245
`A.2.2.3.1 Altimeter satellites................................................................ ...........245
`A.2.2.3.2 SAR satellites........................................................................ ...........246
`A.2.2.3.3 FSS satellites......................................................................... ...........248
`A.2.2.4 WLANs...................................................................................... ...........249
`A.2.2.5 RTTT.......................................................................................... ...........250
`A.2.2.6 Radar.......................................................................................... ...........251
`A.2.3 IEEE 802.16b PMP interference analyses................................. ...........252
`A.2.3.1 Coexistence with SAR satellites in middle UNII...................... ...........252
`A.2.4 IEEE 802.16b mesh interference analyses................................ ...........254
`A.2.4.1 Interference to EESS and FSS................................................... ...........254
`A.2.4.1.1 Altimeter satellites................................................................ ...........254
`A.2.4.1.2 SAR satellites........................................................................ ...........255
`A.2.4.1.3 FSS satellites......................................................................... ...........256
`A.2.4.2 Interference to WLANs.............................................................. ...........257
`A.2.4.2.1 Immediate neighborhood analysis........................................ ...........257
`A.2.4.2.2 Outdoor WLAN analysis...................................................... ...........258
`A.2.4.2.3 Network analysis................................................................... ...........259
`A.2.4.2.4 Adjacent channel issues........................................................ ...........262
`A.2.4.3 Interference to RTTT................................................................. ...........262
`A.2.4.4 Interference to Radar.................................................................. ...........263
`A.2.5 Channel and interference simulation model............................. ...........265
`A.2.5.1 Introduction................................................................................ ...........265
`A.2.5.2 Multipath channel...................................................................... ...........266
`A.2.5.3 Interference models.................................................................... ...........267
`A2.5.3.1 Basic assumptions.................................................................. ...........268
`A2.5.3.2 Signal Wave shape................................................................. ...........268
`A2.5.3.3 Generating Procedure............................................................. ...........269
`A.2.5.4 Radio Impairments..................................................................... ...........269
`A2.5.4.1 Power amplifier non-linearity................................................ ...........269
`A2.5.4.2 Phase noise............................................................................. ...........270
`A.3 MIMO Systems and Beamforming Antenna Technology... .......... 271
`A.3.1 Introduction................................................................................. ...........271
`A.3.2 Multiple Input (MI) Systems....................................................... ...........272
`A.3.3 Multiple Output Systems............................................................ ...........274
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`0007
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`

`P802.16ab-01/01r2, 2001-09-28
`
`A.3.4 Application of Beam Forming Antenna Technology................ ...........274
`A.4 SC LINK Budget Analysis..................................................... .......... 279
`A.5 FDD/TDD Co-existence.......................................................... .......... 283
`A.6 Compatibility of SC-FD and OFDM....................................... .......... 285
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`0008
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`

`

`P802.16ab-01/01r2, 2001-09-28
`
`Figures
`
`Figure 130—MSDU encapsulation in MAC PDUs................................................... ............... 32
`Figure 131—Example MAC PDU with ARQ feedback as piggybacked sub-header............... 33
`Figure 132—MAC PDU with ARQ sub-header without packing............................... ............... 35
`Figure 133—Structure of the MAC PDU with ARQ sub-header with packing.......... ............... 36
`Figure 134—Block usage for ARQ transmissions and retransmissions................... ............... 42
`Figure 135—ARQ block states................................................................................. ............... 43
`Figure 136—Time Relevance of MSH-DSCH in Distributed Scheduing Mode........ ............... 48
`Figure 137—Time Relevance of MSH-CSCH in Centralized Scheduing Mode....... ............... 49
`Figure 138—Example of burst FDD Bandwidth Allocation....................................... ............... 51
`Figure 139—TDD Frame.......................................................................................... ............... 53
`Figure 140—DL-MAP usage and shortened FEC blocks......................................... ............... 54
`Figure 141—Uplink Subframe Structure.................................................................. ............... 58
`Figure 142—Uplink Mapping in the Continuous Downstream FDD Case................ ............... 59
`Figure 143—PHY Synchronization Field (PHY Type = 2)........................................ ............... 60
`Figure 144—Mode B Downlink Subframe Structure................................................ ............... 62
`Figure 145—PHY Synchronization Field (PHY Type = {0,1} )................................. ............... 63
`Figure 146—Data grant burst allocation.................................................................. ............... 66
`Figure 147—Maximum Time Relevance of PHY and MAC Control Information (TDD).......... 68
`Figure 148—Maximum Time Relevance of PHY and MAC Control Information (FDD).......... 68
`Figure 149—TDD Frame structure........................................................................... ............... 70
`Figure 150—Burst structure..................................................................................... ............... 71
`Figure 151—FCH Burst..........................