( 12 ) United States Patent
`Liberty
`
`( 10 ) Patent No . : US 10 , 438 , 196 B2
`( 45 ) Date of Patent :
`* Oct . 8 , 2019
`
`US010438196B2
`
`( 54 ) USING A MOBILE WALLET
`INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT
`MULTIPLE MOBILE WALLET PROVIDERS
`( 71 ) Applicant : Mozido , Inc . , Austin , TX ( US )
`( 72 ) Inventor : Michael A . Liberty , Orlando , FL ( US )
`( 73 ) Assignee : MOZIDO , INC . , Austin , TX ( US )
`Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this
`( * ) Notice :
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 601 days .
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis
`claimer .
`( 21 ) Appl . No . : 14 / 928 , 521
`( 22 ) Filed :
`Oct . 30 , 2015
`Prior Publication Data
`( 65 )
`US 2016 / 0055483 A1 Feb . 25 , 2016
`
`Related U . S . Application Data
`( 63 ) Continuation of application No . 13 / 680 , 824 , filed on
`Nov . 19 , 2012 , now Pat . No . 9 , 208 , 488 .
`( Continued )
`
`( 51 )
`
`( 52 )
`
`Int . Ci .
`( 2012 . 01 )
`G06Q 20 / 00
`G06Q 20 / 36
`( 2012 . 01 )
`( Continued )
`U . S . CI .
`CPC . . . . . . . G06Q 20 / 3674 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; G06Q 20 / 065
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; G06Q 20 / 202 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; G06Q
`20 / 36 ( 2013 . 01 )
`( 58 ) Field of Classification Search
`None
`See application file for complete search history .
`
`CA
`CN
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5 , 717 , 374 A
`2 / 1998 Smith
`5 , 828 , 739 A
`10 / 1998 Nakanishi
`( Continued )
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2666616
`4 / 2008
`101606400
`12 / 2009
`( Continued )
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 928 , 105 , filed Oct . 30 , 2015 , Liberty , Michael A .
`( Continued )
`Primary Examiner — Paul Danneman
`( 74 ) Attorney , Agent , or Firm — Workman Nydegger
`( 57 )
`ABSTRACT
`Embodiments are directed to performing a transaction using
`a third party mobile wallet , performing a transaction using
`a third party point of sale ( POS ) system and to making a
`purchase from a third party mobile wallet provided by a third
`party mobile wallet provider . In one scenario , a cloud - based
`transaction platform is provided , which receives communi
`cation from an agent terminal over a communication channel
`connected to the cloud - based transaction platform . The
`agent communication indicates that a customer desires to
`perform a mobile wallet transaction using their third party
`mobile wallet . The cloud - based transaction platform sends
`the agent communication to a third party mobile wallet
`platform , receives communication from the third party
`mobile wallet platform confirming processing of the trans
`action , and sends communication to the agent terminal over
`a communication channel connected to the cloud - based
`transaction platform , where the communication indicates
`confirmation of the processing of the transaction .
`22 Claims , 9 Drawing Sheets
`
`607
`
`619
`
`Log
`
`Customer
`Notification
`618
`
`Confirmation
`Data
`617
`
`Transaction
`Data
`610
`
`Cloud - Based
`Transaction Platform 601
`Mobile
`Wallets
`605
`
`Agent Terminal
`602
`
`Commission
`616
`
`Confirmation
`Data
`612
`
`Third Party
`Transaction
`Data 611
`
`Third Party
`Transaction
`Data 613
`
`Confirmation
`Data
`615
`
`Third Party
`Processor
`604
`
`Third Party
`Transaction
`Data 614
`
`Mobile Wallet Platform
`603
`Third Party
`Mobile Wallets
`606
`
`APPL-1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 1 of 30
`
`

`

`US 10 , 438 , 196 B2
`Page 2
`
`Related U . S . Application Data
`( 60 ) Provisional application No . 61 / 562 , 301 , filed on Nov .
`21 , 2011 .
`( 51 ) Int . Ci .
`G060 20 / 06
`G06Q 20 / 20
`
`( 56 )
`
`( 2012 . 01 )
`( 2012 . 01 )
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5 , 991 , 749 A
`11 / 1999 Morrill
`6 , 021 . 397 A
`2 / 2000 Jones et al .
`6 , 175 , 823 B1
`1 / 2001 Van Dusen
`6 , 185 , 545 B1
`2 / 2001 Resnick
`6 / 2001 Forslund
`6 , 250 , 557 B1
`7 / 2002 Stadelmann
`6 , 415 , 156 B1
`9 / 2003 Himmel
`6 , 622 , 015 B1
`6 , 697 , 839 B2
`2 / 2004 Sini
`6 , 714 , 797 B1
`3 / 2004 Rautila
`6 , 736 , 322 B2
`5 / 2004 Gobburu
`6 , 819 , 219 B1
`11 / 2004 Bolle
`6 , 840 , 448 B2
`1 / 2005 Fukushima
`3 / 2005 Anttila et al .
`6 , 862 , 575 B1
`3 / 2005 Schutzer
`6 , 873 , 974 B1
`10 / 2005 Vatanen
`6 , 957 , 342 B2
`3 / 2006 Boncyk
`7 , 016 , 532 B2
`4 / 2006 Nagy
`7 , 024 , 174 B2
`5 / 2006 Lynam
`7 , 054 , 430 B2
`6 / 2006 Rupp
`7 , 069 , 001 B2
`8 / 2006 Levchin
`7 , 089 , 208 B1
`8 / 2006 Mann
`7 , 099 , 850 B1
`9 / 2006 Rasti
`7 , 100 , 821 B2
`7 , 107 , 247 B2
`9 / 2006 Kinoshita
`9 / 2006 Handa
`7 , 110 , 972 B1
`5 / 2007 Ylitalo
`7 , 221 , 939 B2
`7 , 240 , 836 B2
`7 / 2007 Vrotsos
`7 / 2007 Joyce
`7 , 248 , 855 B2
`8 / 2007 De Leon
`7 , 255 , 264 B2
`10 / 2007 Gray
`7 , 275 , 685 B2
`1 / 2008 Letsinger
`7 , 322 , 043 B2
`1 / 2008 Takayama
`7 , 325 , 132 B2
`2 / 2008 Hulst et al .
`7 , 334 , 720 B2
`7 , 347 , 361 B2
`3 / 2008 Lovett
`7 , 349 , 871 B2
`3 / 2008 Labrou
`4 / 2008 Labrou
`7 , 353 , 382 B2
`7 , 363 , 261 B2
`4 / 2008 Whitehead
`7 , 370 , 017 B1
`5 / 2008 Lindeman
`7 / 2008 Boncyk
`7 , 403 , 652 B2
`7 , 421 , 410 B1
`9 / 2008 Schechtman et al .
`7 , 461 , 010 B2
`12 / 2008 Kwan
`12 / 2008 Wronski
`7 , 461 , 028 B2
`1 / 2009 Boncyk
`7 , 477 , 780 B2
`7 , 494 , 055 B2
`2 / 2009 Fernandes
`3 / 2009 Jiang
`7 , 512 , 098 B2
`5 / 2009 Truitt
`7 , 527 , 194 B2
`6 / 2009 Ramer
`7 , 548 , 915 B2
`7 , 562 , 818 B1
`7 / 2009 Bierbaum
`7 / 2009 Boncyk
`7 , 564 , 469 B2
`7 / 2009 Boncyk
`7 , 565 , 008 B2
`7 , 606 , 560 B2
`10 / 2009 Labrou
`2 / 2010 Stambaugh
`7 , 657 , 489 B2
`3 / 2010 Van Luchene
`7 , 677 , 973 B2
`3 / 2010 Boncyk
`7 , 680 , 324 B2
`7 , 689 , 506 B2
`3 / 2010 Fei et al .
`4 / 2010 Barnes et al .
`7 , 694 , 876 B2
`7 , 699 , 218 B2
`4 / 2010 Garcia
`7 , 708 , 194 B2
`5 / 2010 Vawter
`6 / 2010 Lego
`7 , 729 , 963 B1
`6 / 2010 Wakim
`7 , 729 , 987 B1
`7 , 748 , 618 B2
`7 / 2010 Vawter
`7 , 774 , 076 B2
`8 / 2010 Skowronek
`7 , 774 , 231 B2
`8 / 2010 Pond
`8 / 2010 Boncyk
`7 , 775 , 437 B2
`7 , 784 , 684 B2
`8 / 2010 Labrou
`7 , 801 , 826 B2
`9 / 2010 Labrou
`
`10 / 2010 Lyons
`7 , 819 , 307 B2
`10 / 2010 Labrou
`7 , 822 , 688 B2
`7 , 823 , 772 B2 11 / 2010 Vawter
`7 , 848 , 500 B2 12 / 2010 Lynam
`7 , 848 , 504 B2 12 / 2010 Lynam
`7 , 865 , 414 B2
`1 / 2011 Fung
`7 , 865 , 431 B2
`1 / 2011 Takayama
`7 , 877 , 605 B2
`1 / 2011 Labrou
`7 , 881 , 529 B2
`2 / 2011 Boncyk
`7 , 886 , 962 B2
`2 / 2011 Vawter
`7 , 890 , 424 B1
`2 / 2011 Wakim
`7 , 899 , 243 B2
`3 / 2011 Boncyk
`7 , 899 , 252 B2
`3 / 2011 Boncyk
`7 , 937 , 302 B1
`5 / 2011 Lego
`7 , 937 , 305 B1
`5 / 2011 Lego
`7 , 942 , 317 B2
`5 / 2011 Racz et al .
`7 , 958 , 052 B2
`6 / 2011 Powell
`7 , 967 , 196 B1
`6 / 2011 Bierbaum
`7 , 979 , 026 B2
`7 / 2011 Hulvey
`7 . 988 , 060 B2
`8 / 2011 Killian
`8 , 016 , 185 B2
`9 / 2011 Modi
`8 , 019 , 365 B2
`9 / 2011 Fisher
`8 , 033 , 458 B2
`10 / 2011 Hulst et al .
`8 , 041 , 338 B2 10 / 2011 Chen
`8 , 052 , 042 B2 11 / 2011 Kolinski - Schultz
`8 , 060 , 012 B2 11 / 2011 Sklovsky
`8 , 061 , 598 B2 11 / 2011 Racz et al .
`8 , 073 , 783 B2 12 / 2011 Felsted
`8 , 077 , 042 B2 12 / 2011 Peeters
`8 , 090 , 945 B2
`1 / 2012 Singhal
`8 , 095 , 113 B2
`1 / 2012 Kean
`8 , 116 , 734 B2
`2 / 2012 Vawter
`8 , 116 , 773 B2
`2 / 2012 Chitrapu
`8 , 118 , 221 B2
`2 / 2012 Racz et al .
`8 , 121 , 945 B2
`2 / 2012 Rackley
`8 , 130 , 242 B2
`3 / 2012 Boncyk
`8 , 145 , 568 B2
`3 / 2012 Rackley
`8 , 160 , 959 B2
`4 / 2012 Rackley
`8 , 170 , 485 B2
`5 / 2012 Hulvey
`8 , 190 , 087 B2
`5 / 2012 Fisher et al .
`8 , 195 , 576 B1
`6 / 2012 Grigg et al .
`8 , 196 , 131 B1
`6 / 2012 von Behren
`8 , 213 , 470 B2
`7 / 2012 Gu
`8 , 218 , 873 B2
`7 / 2012 Boncyk
`8 , 229 , 354 B2
`7 / 2012 Sklovsky
`8 , 239 , 325 B2
`8 / 2012 Schwarz
`8 , 275 , 312 B2
`9 / 2012 Fisher
`8 , 290 , 433 B2 10 / 2012 Fisher
`8 , 332 , 272 B2 12 / 2012 Fisher
`8 , 333 , 319 B2 12 / 2012 Roth
`8 , 336 , 772 B2 12 / 2012 Racz et al .
`8 , 352 , 323 B2
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`8 , 355 , 670 B2
`1 / 2013 White
`8 , 359 , 265 B2
`1 / 2013 Van Rensburg
`8 , 360 , 329 B2
`1 / 2013 Grigg
`8 , 374 , 916 B2
`2 / 2013 White
`8 , 380 , 177 B2
`2 / 2013 Laracey
`8 , 396 , 793 B2
`3 / 2013 Hill
`8 , 487 , 771 B2
`7 / 2013 Hsieh et al .
`9 / 2013 Liberty
`8 , 538 , 845 B2
`8 , 577 , 803 B2
`11 / 2013 Chatterjee et al .
`8 , 612 , 325 B2 11 / 2013 Laracey
`8 , 632 , 000 B2
`1 / 2014 Laracey
`9 , 208 , 488 B2 * 12 / 2015 Liberty . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2001 / 0011248 A1 8 / 2001 Himmel
`2001 / 0037264 Al 11 / 2001 Husemann
`2001 / 0042785 A1 11 / 2001 Walker et al .
`2002 / 0042776 A1 4 / 2002 Woo
`2002 / 0052754 Al 5 / 2002 Joyce
`2002 / 0060246 A1
`5 / 2002 Gobburu
`2002 / 0065774 A1 5 / 2002 Young
`2002 / 0069123 A1 6 / 2002 Soderlind
`2002 / 0131404 A1 9 / 2002 Mehta
`2002 / 0141586 A
`10 / 2002 Margalit
`2002 / 0152177 Al 10 / 2002 Wolf
`2002 / 0161708 A
`10 / 2002 Offer
`2003 / 0001010 AL
`1 / 2003 Schmidt
`2003 / 0026404 A1
`2 / 2003 Joyce
`2003 / 0055735 A13 / 2003 Cameron
`
`GO6Q 20 / 202
`
`APPL-1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 2 of 30
`
`

`

`US 10 , 438 , 196 B2
`Page 3
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2003 / 0071115 A14 / 2003 Horn
`2003 / 0154165 AL
`8 / 2003 Horn
`2003 / 0195842 Al 10 / 2003 Reece
`2004 / 0117302 AL 6 / 2004 Weichert et al .
`2004 / 0181531 AL
`9 / 2004 Becker
`2004 / 0205618 A1 10 / 2004 Sini
`2004 / 0235450 AL 11 / 2004 Rosenberg
`2004 / 0248554 Al 12 / 2004 Khan
`2005 / 0070265 Al
`3 / 2005 Korpinen
`2005 / 0071512 A1 3 / 2005 Kim et al .
`2005 / 0080697 A
`4 / 2005 Foss
`2005 / 0199709 Al
`9 / 2005 Linlor
`2005 / 0222961 Al 10 / 2005 Staib
`2005 / 0283434 Al 12 / 2005 Hahn - Carlson
`2006 / 0116892 AL
`6 / 2006 Grimes
`2006 / 0136901 Al
`6 / 2006 Nichols
`2006 / 0165060 A1
`7 / 2006 Dua
`2006 / 0179452 AL 8 / 2006 Amodeo
`2006 / 0200427 Al
`9 / 2006 Morrison
`2006 / 0253335 AL 11 / 2006 Keena et al .
`2006 / 0287004 Al 12 / 2006 Fuqua
`2007 / 0006327 AL
`1 / 2007 Lal et al .
`2007 / 0033285 Al
`2 / 2007 Shiigi
`2007 / 0106564 A1
`5 / 2007 Matotek
`2007 / 0123305 A1 5 / 2007 Chen
`2007 / 0125838 A1 6 / 2007 Law
`2007 / 0125840 A1
`6 / 2007 Law
`2007 / 0162471 A1
`7 / 2007 Samuelsson
`2007 / 0179885 Al
`8 / 2007 Bird
`2007 / 0198432 Al
`8 / 2007 Pitroda
`2007 / 0203850 Al 8 / 2007 Singh
`2007 / 0241189 Al 10 / 2007 Slavin
`2007 / 0244811 A1 10 / 2007 Tumminaro
`2007 / 0255620 Al 11 / 2007 Tumminaro et al .
`2007 / 0255652 A1 11 / 2007 Tumminaro et al .
`2007 / 0255653 AL 11 / 2007 Tumminaro
`2007 / 0265984 Al 11 / 2007 Santhana
`2008 / 0006685 Al
`1 / 2008 Rackley
`2008 / 0010191 Al
`1 / 2008 Rackley
`2008 / 0010196 A1
`1 / 2008 Rackley
`2008 / 0010204 A1
`1 / 2008 Rackley
`2008 / 0010215 Al
`1 / 2008 Rackley
`2008 / 0011825 A1
`1 / 2008 Giordano
`2008 / 0017704 A1
`1 / 2008 Van Deburg
`2008 / 0040265 A1
`2 / 2008 Rackley
`2008 / 0040285 Al
`2 / 2008 Wankmueller
`2008 / 0052192 Al 2 / 2008 Fisher
`2008 / 0065490 A1
`3 / 2008 Novick et al .
`2008 / 0097851 A1 4 / 2008 Bemmel
`2008 / 0126145 A1
`5 / 2008 Rackley
`2008 / 0126929 A1
`5 / 2008 Bykov
`2008 / 0143487 A1
`6 / 2008 Hulvey
`2008 / 0197190 Al
`8 / 2008 Fujita
`2008 / 0204358 Al
`8 / 2008 Sato
`2008 / 0208743 Al
`8 / 2008 Arthur
`2008 / 0208744 Al
`8 / 2008 Arthur
`2008 / 0208762 Al
`8 / 2008 Arthur
`2008 / 0210751 AL
`9 / 2008 Kim
`2008 / 0249927 Al 10 / 2008 Rethorn
`2008 / 0249928 A
`10 / 2008 Hill
`2008 / 0249930 A
`10 / 2008 Hill
`2008 / 0249933 Al 10 / 2008 Rethorn
`2008 / 0255947 Al 10 / 2008 Friedman
`2008 / 0275779 AL 11 / 2008 Lakshminarayanan
`2008 / 0281737 AL 11 / 2008 Fajardo
`2009 / 0024526 Al
`1 / 2009 Erickson
`2009 / 0037326 AL
`2 / 2009 Chitti
`2009 / 0055322 Al
`2 / 2009 Bykov
`2009 / 0063312 Al 3 / 2009 Hurst
`2009 / 0081989 Al 3 / 2009 Wuhrer
`2009 / 0098854 A1 4 / 2009 Park
`2009 / 0104888 A1 4 / 2009 Cox
`2009 / 0106148 A1 4 / 2009 Prada
`2009 / 0108015 A1 4 / 2009 Kreamer
`2009 / 0119190 A1 5 / 2009 Realini
`
`2009 / 0132362 Al 5 / 2009 Fisher
`2009 / 0132392 A1 5 / 2009 Davis
`2009 / 0138366 A1 5 / 2009 Bemmel
`2009 / 0144161 Al
`6 / 2009 Fisher
`2009 / 0156190 A1 6 / 2009 Fisher
`2009 / 0157546 Al 6 / 2009 Garcia
`2009 / 0177578 A1 7 / 2009 Garcia
`2009 / 0177581 A1 7 / 2009 Garcia
`2009 / 02 10308 Al
`8 / 2009 Toomer
`2009 / 0222353 A1
`9 / 2009 Guest
`2009 / 0222358 Al
`9 / 2009 Bednarek
`2009 / 0234751 AL 9 / 2009 Chan et al .
`2009 / 0248537 A1 10 / 2009 Sarkeshik
`2009 / 0254440 A1 10 / 2009 Pharris
`2009 / 0254479 A
`10 / 2009 Pharris
`2009 / 0265272 A
`10 / 2009 Dill et al .
`2009 / 0281904 AL 11 / 2009 Pharris
`2009 / 0288012 Al 11 / 2009 Hertel
`2009 / 0299844 Al 12 / 2009 Reilly
`2009 / 0307132 Al 12 / 2009 Phillips
`2010 / 0010964 Al
`1 / 2010 Skowronek
`2010 / 0023449 A1 1 / 2010 Skowronek
`2010 / 0030651 A1 2 / 2010 Matotek et al .
`2010 / 0044430 A1
`2 / 2010 Song
`2010 / 0048226 A1 2 / 2010 Owen
`2010 / 0049599 Al 2 / 2010 Owen
`2010 / 0051685 Al
`3 / 2010 Royyuru
`2010 / 0057614 Al 3 / 2010 Rainey
`2010 / 0057619 Al 3 / 2010 Weller
`2010 / 0057624 Al 3 / 2010 Hurt
`2010 / 0063895 A1 3 / 2010 Dominguez
`2010 / 0088188 A1 4 / 2010 Kumar
`2010 / 0114739 Al
`5 / 2010 Johnston
`2010 / 0125495 Al 5 / 2010 Smith
`2010 / 0125510 A1
`5 / 2010 Smith
`2010 / 0146607 A1 6 / 2010 Piepenbrink et al .
`2010 / 0151790 A1 6 / 2010 Hoeksel et al .
`2010 / 0197326 A1
`8 / 2010 Ngo
`2010 / 0223110 A1
`9 / 2010 Slavin
`2010 / 0235283 A1
`9 / 2010 Gerson
`2010 / 0248710 A1 9 / 2010 Sklovsky
`2010 / 0250356 A1 9 / 2010 Gillenson
`2010 / 0250436 Al 9 / 2010 Loevenguth
`2010 / 0260388 A1 10 / 2010 Garrett
`2010 / 0333129 Al 12 / 2010 Alhadeff et al .
`2011 / 0047016 A1 2 / 2011 Cook
`2011 / 0057025 A1 3 / 2011 Denzer
`2011 / 0087529 A1
`4 / 2011 Angeli
`2011 / 0087610 Al 4 / 2011 Batada
`2011 / 0105022 Al
`5 / 2011 Vawter
`2011 / 0113473 Al 5 / 2011 Corda
`2011 / 0131421 Al 6 / 2011 Jogand - Coulomb et al .
`2011 / 0145049 A1 6 / 2011 Hertel
`2011 / 0145149 Al 6 / 2011 Valdes
`2011 / 0179113 A1
`7 / 2011 Thomas
`2011 / 0196788 A1
`8 / 2011 Lu et al .
`2011 / 0218911 A1 9 / 2011 Spodak
`2011 / 0246284 Al 10 / 2011 Chaikin
`2011 / 0250866 A1 10 / 2011 Fisher
`2011 / 0251941 Al 10 / 2011 Dunwoody
`2011 / 0258024 Al 10 / 2011 Prince
`2011 / 0258115 Al 10 / 2011 Mulhim
`2011 / 0276417 Al 11 / 2011 Campbell
`2011 / 0295750 A112 / 2011 Rammal
`2011 / 0302016 Al 12 / 2011 Haddad
`2011 / 0302406 Al 12 / 2011 Machani
`2011 / 0313924 A1 12 / 2011 Carell
`2011 / 0320243 Al 12 / 2011 Khan
`2011 / 0320293 Al 12 / 2011 Khan
`2011 / 0320294 Al 12 / 2011 Votaw
`2011 / 0320345 Al 12 / 2011 Taveau
`2012 / 0005076 Al
`1 / 2012 Dessert
`2012 / 0011058 A1 1 / 2012 Pitroda et al .
`2012 / 0011063 Al
`1 / 2012 Killian
`2012 / 0028612 A1 2 / 2012 Hurst
`2012 / 0029990 A1
`2 / 2012 Fisher
`2012 / 0047070 A1 2 / 2012 Pharris
`2012 / 0074232 A1
`3 / 2012 Spodak
`2012 / 0078735 A1 3 / 2012 Bauer
`
`APPL-1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 3 of 30
`
`

`

`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2012 / 0079521 AL 3 / 2012 Garg et al .
`2012 / 0084203 A1
`4 / 2012 Mehew
`2012 / 0095855 Al 4 / 2012 Sterling
`2012 / 0095856 AL
`4 / 2012 Sanjeev
`2012 / 0122447 Al 5 / 2012 Craft
`2012 / 0123841 A1 5 / 2012 Taveau
`2012 / 0123868 A1 5 / 2012 Brudnicki
`2012 / 0123880 A1
`5 / 2012 Craft
`2012 / 0123935 Al
`5 / 2012 Brudnicki
`2012 / 0123937 A1
`5 / 2012 Spodak
`2012 / 0131653 Al 5 / 2012 Pasquero
`2012 / 0143752 A1
`6 / 2012 Wong
`2012 / 0150669 A1 6 / 2012 Langley
`2012 / 0158589 Al 6 / 2012 Katzin
`2012 / 0166311 Al 6 / 2012 Dwight
`2012 / 0171992 Al
`7 / 2012 Cheong
`2012 / 0172026 A1 7 / 2012 Kwon
`2012 / 0172089 Al 7 / 2012 Bae
`2012 / 0174189 Al
`7 / 2012 Lim
`2012 / 0191557 Al
`7 / 2012 Fisher
`2012 / 0191612 A1 7 / 2012 Spodak
`2012 / 0196586 A1 8 / 2012 Grigg
`2012 / 0197691 Al
`8 / 2012 Grigg
`2012 / 0197740 A1
`8 / 2012 Grigg
`2012 / 0197743 Al 8 / 2012 Grigg
`2012 / 0197745 A1
`8 / 2012 Fisher
`2012 / 0197787 A1
`8 / 2012 Grigg
`2012 / 0203610 A1 8 / 2012 Grigg et al .
`2012 / 0203632 A1
`8 / 2012 Blum
`2012 / 0209688 A1
`8 / 2012 Lamothe
`2012 / 0209749 A1
`8 / 2012 Hammad
`2012 / 0215701 Al
`8 / 2012 Mehta
`2012 / 0221421 Al 8 / 2012 Hammad
`2012 / 0221475 A1 8 / 2012 Grigg
`2012 / 0226610 A1 9 / 2012 Gill
`2012 / 0229647 A1
`9 / 2012 Calman
`2012 / 0229657 A1
`9 / 2012 Calman
`2012 / 0231424 A1
`9 / 2012 Calman
`2012 / 0231425 Al
`9 / 2012 Calman
`2012 / 0232937 A1
`9 / 2012 Calman
`2012 / 0232977 Al 9 / 2012 Calman
`2012 / 0232983 AL 9 / 2012 Bertha
`2012 / 0245986 AL 9 / 2012 Regan
`2012 / 0253852 A1 10 / 2012 Pourfallah
`2012 / 0259598 A
`10 / 2012 Yurrow
`2012 / 0259686 Al 10 / 2012 Yurow
`2012 / 0259732 Al 10 / 2012 Sasankan
`2012 / 0265677 Al 10 / 2012 Rackley
`2012 / 0265685 Al 10 / 2012 Brudnicki
`2012 / 0271712 AL 10 / 2012 Katzin
`2012 / 0284131 AL 11 / 2012 Soffer
`2012 / 0286928 AL 11 / 2012 Mullen
`2012 / 0290376 AL 11 / 2012 Dryer
`2012 / 0290449 AL 11 / 2012 Mullen
`2012 / 0290478 A1 11 / 2012 Crofts et al .
`2012 / 0293303 A1 11 / 2012 Khan
`2012 / 0296708 AL 11 / 2012 Bachmann
`2012 / 0296720 AL 11 / 2012 Pirillo
`2012 / 0296722 AL 11 / 2012 Gosavi
`2012 / 0296741 AL 11 / 2012 Dykes
`2012 / 0297204 Al 11 / 2012 Buer
`2012 / 0302204 Al 11 / 2012 Gupta
`2012 / 0303425 AL 11 / 2012 Katzin
`2012 / 0310720 A112 / 2012 Balsan
`2012 / 0310760 Al 12 / 2012 Phillips
`2012 / 0310824 Al 12 / 2012 Liberty
`2012 / 0310826 A1 12 / 2012 Chatterjee
`2012 / 0316950 AL 12 / 2012 Laporte
`2012 / 0316951 Al 12 / 2012 Fisher
`2012 / 0316992 Al 12 / 2012 Oborne
`2012 / 0317019 A112 / 2012 Carnes
`2012 / 0323653 A112 / 2012 Fisher
`2012 / 0323664 Al 12 / 2012 Klems
`2012 / 0323670 Al 12 / 2012 Fisher
`2012 / 0323777 Al 12 / 2012 Liberty
`
`US 10 , 438 , 196 B2
`Page 4
`
`2012 / 0329394 Al 12 / 2012 Fisher
`2012 / 0330737 A112 / 2012 Liberty
`2012 / 0330792 A1 12 / 2012 Kashanian
`2013 / 0012125 A1
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0012126 A1
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0012131 A1 1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0013352 A1 1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0013353 A1 1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0013355 Al
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0013432 A1 1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0013434 A1
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0013490 Al
`1 / 2013 Keller
`2013 / 0013498 Al
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0013501 Al
`1 / 2013 Rackley
`2013 / 0017784 A1
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0018738 A1
`1 / 2013 Faires
`2013 / 0018740 A1 1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0018742 A1
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0018793 Al 1 / 2013 Wong
`2013 / 0023209 Al
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0023294 A1
`1 / 2013 Singh
`2013 / 0024220 A1 1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0024221 A1
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0024223 Al
`1 / 2013 Thomas
`2013 / 0024280 A1
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0024364 AL
`1 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0024371 A1
`1 / 2013 Hariramani
`2013 / 0024372 A1 1 / 2013 Spodak
`2013 / 0024377 A1
`1 / 2013 Stong
`2013 / 0029646 A1
`1 / 2013 Chowdhury
`2013 / 0030828 A1 1 / 2013 Pourfallah
`2013 / 0030960 A1 1 / 2013 Kashanian
`2013 / 0030997 Al
`1 / 2013 Spodak
`2013 / 0035035 Al 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035036 A1
`2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035037 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035068 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035069 Al 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035070 A1
`2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035071 Al 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035072 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035087 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035967 Al
`2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035968 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035969 Al 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0035970 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0040568 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0040569 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0041699 Al 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0041700 A1 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0041701 Al 2 / 2013 Roth
`2013 / 0041736 A1 2 / 2013 Coppinger
`2013 / 0041743 Al 2 / 2013 Coppinger
`2013 / 0041744 A1
`2 / 2013 Coppinger
`2013 / 0041745 A1 2 / 2013 Coppinger
`2013 / 0041769 Al 2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0046608 Al
`2 / 2013 Coppinger
`2013 / 0046634 Al 2 / 2013 Grigg
`2013 / 0046645 Al 2 / 2013 Grigg
`2013 / 0048723 Al 2 / 2013 King
`2013 / 0052952 Al
`2 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0054336 Al 2 / 2013 Graylin
`2013 / 0054337 Al 2 / 2013 Brendell
`2013 / 0054412 A1 2 / 2013 Brendell
`2013 / 0054441 A1 2 / 2013 Kamdar
`2013 / 0057392 A1 3 / 2013 Bullock
`2013 / 0060618 A1 3 / 2013 Barton
`2013 / 0073373 Al 3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0073377 A1 3 / 2013 Heath
`2013 / 0073458 Al
`3 / 2013 Sherwin
`2013 / 0080228 A1 3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0080229 Al 3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0080230 A1 3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0080231 A1 3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0080232 A1 3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0080233 Al 3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0080240 AL
`3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0080241 Al 3 / 2013 Fisher
`2013 / 0080329 A1 3 / 2013 Royyuru
`
`APPL-1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 4 of 30
`
`

`

`US 10 , 438 , 196 B2
`Page 5
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2013 / 0091012 AL
`4 / 2013 Liberty
`2013 / 0246141 A1
`4 / 2013 Liberty
`2013 / 0132219 AL
`5 / 2013 Liberty
`2013 / 0238455 A1 9 / 2013 Laracey
`2013 / 0246203 A1
`9 / 2013 Laracey
`2013 / 0013499 A1 10 / 2013 Kalgi
`2013 / 0317928 A1 11 / 2013 Laracey
`2013 / 0332347 Al 12 / 2013 Liberty
`2013 / 0346309 AL | 12 / 2013 Giori
`2014 / 0006048 Al
`1 / 2014 Liberty
`2014 / 0014721 Al 1 / 2014 Lindeman
`2014 / 0201070 A1
`7 / 2014 Liberty
`2015 / 0039517 AL
`2 / 2015 Liberty
`2016 / 0055483 A12 / 2016 Liberty
`2016 / 0314443 A1 10 / 2016 Liberty
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`102073958
`5 / 2011
`9 / 2002
`10119808
`1280115
`1 / 2003
`2284783
`2 / 2011
`2001 - 297198
`10 / 2001
`2001357164
`12 / 2001
`4 / 2002
`2002 - 99716
`10 - 2002 - 0065989
`8 / 2002
`10 - 2003 - 0068603
`8 / 2003
`10 - 2007 - 0092400
`9 / 2007
`8 / 1998
`199834203
`3 / 1999
`9913636
`0171627
`9 / 2001
`2001097118
`12 / 2001
`2002071354
`9 / 2002
`2003012717
`2 / 2003
`2004010393
`1 / 2004
`2004023353
`3 / 2004
`2004053640
`6 / 2004
`2004088641
`10 / 2004
`2005079254
`9 / 2005
`2005086593
`9 / 2005
`2007145500
`12 / 2007
`1 / 2008
`2008008735
`3 / 2012
`2012025824
`1 / 2013
`2013009444
`2013009446
`1 / 2013
`2 / 2013
`2013025273
`2013078176
`5 / 2013
`2013166174
`11 / 2013
`
`KR
`KR
`KR
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`et al , Short - Range Wireless Technologies with
`Chen , Jiajun Jim
`Mobile Payments Systems . Proceedings of the 6th International
`Conference on Electronic Commerce [ Online ] 2004 , pp . 649 - 656 .
`Clarke , Irvine III , “ Emerging Value Propositions for M - commerce , "
`Journal of Business Strategies , vol . 25 , Issue 2 , Fall 2008 , p . 41 - 57 ;
`ISSN : 0887 - 2058 .
`Edwin , et al . , “ Technobiography , ” Oct . 2004 , 29 pages .
`European Search Report for EP12824344 dated Sep . 29 , 2014 .
`Gao , Jerry , et al . , “ P2P - Paid : A Peer - to - Peer Wireless Payment
`System , ” Proceedings of the 2005 Second IEEE International Work
`shop on Mobile Commerce and Services ( WMCS ’ 05 ) Jul . 2005 , 10
`pages .
`International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT / US2012 /
`066013 dated Jan . 29 , 2013 .
`International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT / US2012 /
`040131 dated Jan . 29 , 2013 .
`International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT / US2012 /
`043321 dated Sep . 6 , 2012 .
`International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT / US2012 /
`058849 dated Jan . 4 , 2013 .
`
`International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT / US2012 /
`43458 dated Aug . 17 , 2012 .
`International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT / US2013 /
`039100 dated Aug . 23 , 2013 .
`Labrou , Yannis et al , Wireless Wallet . Proceedings of the First
`Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Sys
`tems : Networking and Services [ Online ] 2004 , pp . 1 - 10 .
`Motorola , Motorola M - Wallet Solution . [ Online ] 2006 http : / / www .
`motorola . com / networkoperators / pdfs / M - Wallet - Brochure . pdf ( Accessed
`Oct . 4 , 2012 ) .
`Sykes , et al . “ Securing Mobile Banking , ” Credit Union Manage
`ment , Nov . 2010 , vol . 33 No . 11 ; ISSN 0273 - 9267 .
`Valcourt , E . et al . , “ Investigating Mobile Payment , ” Wireless and
`Mobile Computing , Networking and Communications , 2005 .
`( WiMob ' 2005 ) , IEEE International Conference on Aug . 22 - 24 ,
`2005 , Aug . 2005 , vol . 4 , pp . 29 - 36 .
`Wei , et al . , “ Development of a Web - Based Mobile Airline Ticketing
`Model with Usability Features , " 2005 , Industrial Management +
`Data Systems ; vol . 105 No . 9 , ISSN : 0263 - 5577 .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 484 , 199 , Dec . 26 , 2012 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 484 , 199 , Jun . 7 , 2013 , Notice of Allowance .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 527 , 466 , Apr . 15 , 2013 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 527 , 466 , Dec . 4 , 2013 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 964 , 707 , Feb . 24 , 2014 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 213 , 543 , May 6 , 2014 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 680 , 824 , Jun . 16 , 2014 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 528 , 720 , Jun . 25 , 2014 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 964 , 707 , Jul . 10 , 2014 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 527 , 466 , Aug . 1 , 2014 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 012 , 822 , Aug . 7 , 2014 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 528 , 720 , Dec . 10 , 2014 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 012 , 822 , Jan . 7 , 2015 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 680 , 824 , Feb . 6 , 2015 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 964 , 707 , Mar . 16 , 2015 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 213 , 543 , Apr . 8 , 2015 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 874 , 192 , Jul . 14 , 2015 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 527 , 466 , Jul . 16 , 2015 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 528 , 720 , Jul . 22 , 2015 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 012 , 822 , Sep . 11 , 2015 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 680 , 824 , Sep . 18 , 2015 , Notice of Allowance .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 213 , 543 , Jan . 6 , 2016 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 15 / 201 , 152 , Aug . 8 , 2017 , Notice of Allowance .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 527 , 466 , Aug . 9 , 2017 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 874 , 192 , Apr . 18 , 2016 , Final Office Action .
`International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT / US2015 )
`58886 dated Feb . 4 , 2016 .
`European Search Report for EP12851211 dated Feb . 18 , 2016 .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 528 , 720 , Mar . 2 , 2016 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 012 , 822 , May 6 , 2016 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 15 / 201 , 152 , Oct . 25 , 2016 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 15 / 201 , 152 , Jun . 15 , 2017 , Final Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 527 , 466 , Dec . 14 , 2016 , Office Action .
`Ron White , How Computers Work , Oct . 15 , 2003 , Paul Boger ,
`Illustrated by Timothy Edward Dwons , 7th Edition ( Year : 2003 ) .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 341 , 605 , Nov . 27 , 2017 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 13 / 527 , 466 , Apr . 1 , 2016 , Office Action .
`U . S . Appl . No . 15 / 809 , 872 , filed Nov . 10 , 2017 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 61 / 493 , 064 , filed Jun . 3 , 2011 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 61 / 522 , 099 , filed Aug . 10 , 2011 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 62 / 075 , 657 , filed Nov . 5 , 2014 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 61 / 498 , 957 , filed Jun . 20 , 2011 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 61 / 499 , 927 , filed Jun . 22 , 2011 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 61 / 562 , 301 , filed Nov . 21 , 2011 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 61 / 694 , 118 , filed Aug . 28 , 2012 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 61 / 641 , 677 , filed May 2 , 2012 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 61 / 862 , 437 , filed Aug . 5 , 2012 , Liberty , Michael A .
`U . S . Appl . No . 14 / 928 , 105 , Aug . 27 , 2018 , Office Action .
`Medhi et al . , “ Mobile - banking adoption and usage by low - literate ,
`low - income users in the developing world ” , 2009 , N . Aykin ( Ed . ) :
`Internationalization , Design , LNCS 5623 , pp . 485 - 486 .
`Mbogo , “ The impact of mobile payments on the success and growth
`of micro - business : the case of M - Pesa in Kenya ” , The Journal of
`
`APPL-1001
`APPLE INC. / Page 5 of 30
`
`

`

`US 10 , 438 , 196 B2
`Page 6
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Language , Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa , vol . 2 , No . 1 ,
`2010 , ISSN 1998 - 1279 , pp . 182 - 203 .
`Jack et al . , “ Monetary Theory and electronic money : reflections on
`the Kenyan experience ” , economic quarterly , vol . 96 , No . 1 , first
`quarter 2010 , pp . 83 - 122 .
`Comninos et al . , “ M - banking the unbanked ” , towards evidence
`based ICT policy and regulation , vol . 1 , 2008 , policy paper 4 , pp .
`1 - 15 .
`Lonie , “ M - PESA : finding new ways to serve the unbanked in
`Kenya ” , innovations in rural and agricultural finance , Jul . 2010 ,
`focus 18 , brief 8 , pp . 1 - 3 .
`Plyler et al . , “ Community level economic effects of M - PESA in
`Kenya : initial findings ( executive summary ) ” , financial services
`assessment , IRIS center , university of maryland college park , Mar .
`30 , 2010 , pp . 1 - 4 , accessible at < http : / / www . fsassessment . umd . edu /
`> .
`Hughes et al . , “ M - PESA : mobile money for the ‘ unbanked ' turning
`cellphones into 24 - hour tellers in Kenya ” , winter & spring 2007 ,
`innovations , pp . 63 - 81 .
`Omwansa , “ M - PESA : Progress and prospects ” , innovations case
`discussion : M - PESA , 2009 , innovations , mobile world congress ,
`pp . 107 - 123 .
`Mas et al . , “ Designing mobile money services lessons from M - PESA ” ,
`innovations , spring 2009 , pp . 77 - 91 .
`Porteous , “ Just how transformational is m - banking ? ” , commis
`sioned by FinMark Trust , bankable frontier associates LLC , Feb .
`2007 , pp . 1 - 32 .
`Morawczynski et al . , “ Poor people using mobile financial services :
`observations on customer usage impact from M - PESA ” , CGAP ,
`Aug . 2009 , pp . 1 - 4 .
`Jack et al . , “ The economics of M - PESA " , Aug . 2010 , commissioned
`by the Centre Bank of Kenya , managed by Financial Sector Deep
`ening , administered by the Steadman Group , pp . 1 - 20 .
`“ RadioShack and Trumpet Mobile launch prepaid mobile phone
`service nationwide with unique mobile money transfer capabilities ” ,
`Apr . 1 , 2008 , Source : Trumpet Mobile , pp . 1 - 3 .
`Sultana , “ Mobile banking : overview of regulatory framework in
`emerging markets " , Grameenphone Ltd , Celebration Point , Bangla
`desh , electronic copy available at < http : / / ssrn . com / abstract =
`1554160 > , pp . 1 - 17 .
`Ivatury et al . , “ The early experience with branchless banking ” ,
`CGAP , No . 46 , Apr . 2008 , electronic copy available at < http : / / ssrn .
`com / abstract = 1655257 > pp . 1 - 16 .
`Porteous , “ The enabling environment for mobile banking in Africa ” ,
`version 3 . 1 , report commissioned by Department for International
`Development ( DFID ) , Bankable Frontier Associates , May 2006 , pp .
`1 - 57 .
`
`Jack et al . , “ Mobile money : the economics of M - PESA ” , working
`paper 16721 , National Bureau of Economic Research ( NBER )
`working paper series , Jan . 2011 , accessible at < http : / / www . nber .
`org / papers / w16721 > , pp . 1 - 30 .
`Rice , “ Kenya sets world first with money transfers by mobile ” , The
`Guardian , Mar . 20 , 2007 , pp . 1 - 3 , accessed via < https : / / www .
`theguardian . com / money / 2007 / mar / 20 / kenya . mobilephones > on Mar .
`25 , 2019 .
`PYMNTS , “ Mobile payments go viral : M - PESA in Kenya ” , Aug . 4 ,
`2010 , Business Wire , from ‘ Yes Africa can : success stories from a
`dynamic continent , world bank ' — May 2010 , pp . 1 - 30 , accessed via
`< https : / / www . pymnts . com / business - wire / 2010 / mobile - payments - go
`viral - m - pesa - in - kenya > on Mar . 25 , 2019 .
`Youtube video , “ M - PESA : send money home tv commercial ” ,
`accessed via < https : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = nEZ30K5dBWU >
`on Mar . 25 , 2019 .
`Mon 25 2010
`Graham , “ M - PESA : Kenya ' s mobile wallet revolution ” , technology
`of business reporter , BBC news , Nov . 22 , 2010 , pp . 1 - 18 , accessed
`via < https : / / www . bbc . com / news / business - 11793290 > on Mar . 25 ,
`2019 .
`Starita , “ Mobile cash transfers pose threat to banks ” , Feb . 26 , 2009 ,
`News & Commentary , Philanthropy Action , pp . 1 - 4 , accessed via
`< philanthropyaction . com / nc / mobile _ cash _ transfers _ pose _ threat _ to _
`banks > on Mar . 25 , 2019 .
`Anonymous Staff Writer , “ Portuguese firm flourishing in Mozam
`bique " , Africa Business Insight , How We Made It in Africa , pp . 1 - 2 ,
`accessed via < https : / / howwemadeitinafrica . com / portuguese - firm
`flourishing - in - mozambique / 3599 / > on Mar . 25 , 2019 .
`Njihia , “ What you dont now about Mpesa . . . " , The Mind of
`Mbugua Njihia , Jul . 15 , 2009 , adapted from an article by O