throbber
(12) United States Patent
`Ludwig et al.
`
`USOO6237025B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,237,025 B1
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*May 22, 2001
`
`(54) MULTIMEDIA COLLABORATION SYSTEM
`(75) Inventors: Lester F. Ludwig, Hillsborough; J.
`Chris Lauwers, Menlo Park; Keith A.
`Lantz, Los Altos; Gerald J. Burnett,
`Atherton, all of CA (US); Emmett R.
`B
`Jack WY (US
`urns, JacKSon,
`(US)
`(73) Assignee: Collaboration Properties, Inc., Incline
`Village, NV (US)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`This patent is Subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`(21) Appl. No.: 08/994,848
`(22) Filed:
`Dec. 19, 1997
`9
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation of application No. 08/660,461, filed on Jun. 7,
`1996, now Pat. No. 5,802,294, which is a continuation of
`application No. 08/131,523, filed on Oct. 1, 1993, now Pat.
`No. 5,689,641.
`(51) Int. Cl. ............................. G06F 13/00; G06F 15/16
`(52) U.S. Cl. ............................................. 709/204; 345/330
`(58) Field of Search ..................................... 345/326, 329,
`345/330, 331, 332, 335; 709/202, 205,
`206, 207
`
`(56)
`
`3,723.653
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3/1973 Tatsuzawa.
`(List continued on next page.)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`35 07 152
`8/1985 (DE).
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Rangan et al. “Software Architecture for Integration of
`Video Services in the Etherphone System,” IEEE Journal on
`Selected Area of Communications, v9, n9, Dec. 1991, pp.
`1395-1404.
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`Primary Examiner Dung C. Dinh
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sughrue, Mion, Zinn,
`Macpeak & Seas, PLLC
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`A multimedia collaboration System that integrates Separate
`real-time and asynchronous networks-the former for real
`time audio and Video, and the latter for control Signals and
`textual, graphical and other data-in a manner that is
`interoperable acroSS different computer and network oper
`ating System platforms and which closely approximates the
`experience of face-to-face collaboration, while liberating the
`participants from the limitations of time and distance. These
`capabilities are achieved by exploiting a variety of hardware,
`software and networking technologies in a manner that
`preserves the quality and integrity of audio/video/data and
`other multimedia information, even after wide area
`transmission, and at a significantly reduced networking cost
`as compared to what would be required by presently known
`approaches. The System architecture is readily Scalable to
`the largest enterprise network environments. It accommo
`dates differing levels of collaborative capabilities available
`to individual users and permits high-quality audio and Video
`capabilities to be readily Superimposed onto existing per
`Sonal computers and WorkStations and their interconnecting
`LANs and WANs. In a particular preferred embodiment, a
`plurality of geographically dispersed multimedia LANs are
`interconnected by a WAN. The demands made on the WAN
`are significantly reduced by employing multi-hopping
`techniques, including dynamically avoiding the unnecessary
`decompression of data at intermediate hops, and exploiting
`Video mosaicing, cut-and-paste and audio mixing technolo
`gies So that Significantly fewer wide area transmission paths
`are required while maintaining the high quality of the
`transmitted audio/video.
`
`44 Claims, 34 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1. $7.
`s
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 001
`
`

`

`US 6,237,025 B1
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3/1975 Kleinerman et al. .
`3,873,771
`8/1976 Tatsuzawa.
`3,974,337
`1/1977 Verhoeckx et al. .
`4,005,265
`10/1977 Poirier et al. .
`4,054,908
`7/1980 Yumide et al. .
`4,210,927
`4/1984 Schussler et al. .
`4,441,180
`5/1984 Burke et al. .
`4,451,705
`10/1984 Brown.
`4,475,193
`5/1985 Fabris et al..
`4,516,156
`7/1985 Colton et al. .
`4,529,839
`7/1985 Colton et al..
`4,529,840
`7/1985 Colton et al..
`4,531,024
`3/1986 Scordo .
`4,574,374
`2/1987 Pressman et al. .
`4,645,872
`3/1987 Boerger et al. .
`4,650,929
`3/1987 Hayden.
`4,653,090
`8/1987 Tompkins et al..
`4,686,698
`12/1987 Tomkins et al. .
`4,710,917
`12/1987 Tompkins et al. .
`4,716,585
`1/1989 Blinken et al. .
`4,796,293
`3/1989 Cree et al..
`4,817,018
`6/1989 Cohen et al. .
`4,837,798
`7/1989 Tompkins et al..
`4,847,829
`12/1989 Ando et al..
`4,888,795
`5/1990 Hashimoto.
`4,922,523
`6/1990 Stoddard et al. .
`4,931,872
`8/1990 Hayden et al. .
`4,953,159
`10/1990 Tsugane et al. .
`4,961.211
`10/1990 Kannes.
`4,965,819
`12/1990 McGauhey et al..
`4,977.520
`1/1991 Stults et al. .
`4,987,492
`2/1991 Weber et al. .
`4,995,071
`3/1991 Kao .
`4,998.243
`3/1991 Ashida et al..
`5,003.532
`4/1991 Goodman et al. .
`5,010,399
`5/1991 Tompkins et al. .
`5,014,267
`6/1991 Baji et al..
`5,027,400
`8/1991 Lee et al. .
`5,042,062
`10/1991 Smith.
`5,056,136
`12/1991 Todd.
`5,072,442
`12/1991 Suzuki et al. .
`5,073,926
`3/1992 Blinken, Jr. et al..
`5,099,510
`7/1992 Ikeno et al. .
`5,130,399
`7/1992 Bordry et al..
`5,130,793
`7/1992 Yamaguchi.
`5,130,801
`10/1992 Hammond.
`5,155,761
`10/1992 Kassatly.
`5,157,491
`12/1992 Guichard et al. .
`5,170,427
`5,195,086 * 3/1993 Baumgartner et al. .............. 345/329
`5,195,087
`3/1993 Bennett et al. .
`5,200,989
`4/1993 Milone.
`5,202,828 * 4/1993 Vertelney et al. ................... 345/326
`5,202,957
`4/1993 Serrao .
`5,218,627
`6/1993 Corey et al..
`5,224,094
`6/1993 Maher et al. .
`5,231,492
`7/1993 Dangi et al..
`5,239,466
`8/1993 Morgan et al..
`5,253,362
`10/1993 Nolan et al..
`5,260,941
`11/1993 Wilder et al..
`5,283,637
`2/1994 Goolcharan.
`5,303,343
`4/1994 Ohya et al..
`5,315,633
`5/1994 Champa.
`5,319.795
`6/1994 Hamabe et al. .
`5,333,133
`7/1994 Andrews et al. .
`5,333,299
`7/1994 Koval et al. .
`5,335,321
`8/1994 Harney et al..
`5,345,258
`9/1994 Matsubara et al. .
`5,351.276
`9/1994 Doll, Jr. et al..
`5,353,398
`10/1994 Kitahara et al..
`5,363,507
`11/1994 Nakayama et al. .
`
`5,365,265
`5,367,629
`5,373.549
`5,374,952
`5,375,068
`5,379,374
`5,382,972
`5,384,598
`5,384,772
`5,392.223
`5,392,346
`5,404,435
`5,408.526
`5,408,662
`5,422,883
`5,432,525
`5,444,476
`5,471.318
`5,473,679
`5,475,421
`5,485,504
`5,491,.695
`5,506,954
`5,515,491
`5,526,024
`5,550,966
`5,553,222
`5,561,736
`5,565,910
`5,581,702
`5,594.495
`5,602,580
`5,608,653
`5,689,553
`5,864,844
`
`11/1994 Shibata et al..
`11/1994 Chu et al..
`12/1994 Bales et al. .
`12/1994 Flohr.
`12/1994 Palmer et al. .
`1/1995 Ishizaki et al. .
`1/1995 Kannes.
`1/1995 Rodriguez et al..
`1/1995 Marshall.
`2/1995 Caci .
`2/1995 Hassler et al..
`4/1995 Rosenbaum .
`4/1995 McFarland et al..
`4/1995 Katsurabayashi.
`6/1995 Hauris et al..
`7/1995 Maruo et al. .
`8/1995 Conway
`11/1995 Ahuja et al..
`12/1995 La Porta et al..
`12/1995 Palmer et al. .
`1/1996 Ohnsorge.
`2/1996 Meagher et al. .
`4/1996 Arshi et al..
`5/1996 Bates et al. .
`6/1996 Gaglianello et al..
`8/1996 Drake et al..
`9/1996 Milne et al..
`10/1996 Moore et al. .
`10/1996 Rowse et al..
`12/1996 McArdle.
`1/1997 Palmer et al..
`2/1997 Tseng.
`3/1997 Palmer et al. .
`11/1997 Ahuja et al. .
`1/1999 James et al. ............................. 707/4
`
`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`O 041902 12/1981 (EP).
`O 190 060
`8/1986 (EP).
`O 354 370
`2/1990 (EP).
`O 403 118
`12/1990 (EP).
`O 414 222
`2/1991 (EP).
`O 436 345
`7/1991 (EP).
`O 453 128
`10/1991 (EP).
`O 497 O22
`8/1992 (EP).
`O 516371
`12/1992 (EP).
`O 523 618
`1/1993 (EP).
`O 523 626
`1/1993 (EP).
`O 535 601
`4/1993 (EP).
`OS48597
`6/1993 (EP).
`O 561 381
`9/1993 (EP).
`O 604 O53
`6/1994 (EP).
`WO 92/21211
`11/1992 (WO).
`WO 94/24803
`10/1994 (WO).
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Marskak, Ronni T. “BeyondMail for Windows-epitomiz
`ing the mail-enabled application’, Patricia Seybold's Office
`Computing Report, Sep. 1992, v15 n9. (full text copy from
`Computer Select 1992 CD).*
`Videomatic Switching: Systems and Services, C. Crawford,
`F. Milone, D. Zoppellaro. Digital Communications, 1988
`International Zurich Seminar.
`ACM Press, Conference on Organizational Computing Sys
`tems, SIGOIS Bulletin, vol. 12, No. 2-3, Nov. 5-8, 1991.
`The American Users Forum (Niu-Forum) Aug. 6-9, 1990.
`Bellcore News, “IMAL Makes Media Merging Magic,”
`5(20), Nov. 9, 1988.
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 002
`
`

`

`US 6,237,025 B1
`Page 3
`
`Frontiers in computer communications technology, Sigcom
`87 Workshop (Aug. 11–13, 1987).
`Unix 4" Berkeley Release 1991 man pages for login,
`htmp, talk, and who. Online Internet: http://www.de
`..freebdS. org.
`Ahuja et al., “Coordination and Control of Multimedia
`Conferencing.” IEEE Communication Magazine, 30(5):
`38-42, May 1992.
`Ahuja et al., “Networking Requirements of the Rapport
`Multimedia Conferencing System,” Infocom '88, IEEE, pp.
`746-751, 1988.
`Biswas et al., “Distributed Scheduling of Meetings: A Case
`Study in Prototyping Distributed Application,” System Inte
`gration, 1992 2" International Conference.
`Cohen et al., “Audio Windows: User Interfaces for Manipu
`lating Virtual Acoustic Environments, pp. 479-480.
`Cohen et al., “Audio Windows for Binaural Telecommuni
`cation.” EIC, Tokyo (Oct. 1991).
`Cohen et al., “Design and Control of Shared Conferencing
`Environments for Audio Telecommunication,” Proceedings
`of the Second Int’l Symposium on Measurement and Con
`trol Robotics (ISMCR '92), Tsukuba Science City, Japan,
`(Nov. 15–19, 1992), pp. 405–412.
`Cohen et al., “Exocentric Control of Audio Imaging in
`Binaural Telecommunication.” IEICE Trans. Fundamentals,
`vol. E75–A, No. 2, (Feb. 1992).
`Cohen et al., “Multidimensional Audio Window Manage
`ment.” Int’l Journal of Man-Machine Studie, vol.
`34:319-336 (1991).
`Cohen et al., “Multidimensional Audio Windows: Confer
`ences, Concerts and Cocktails, Human FactorS Society
`Meeting, SF, CA, pp. 1-15, Jun. 12, 1991.
`Ensor et al., “The Rapport Multimedia Conferencing Sys
`tem-Software Overview.” Computer Workstation Confer
`ence, IEEE, pp. 52–58, 1988.
`Gopal et al., “Directories of Networks with Causally Con
`nected Users," IEEE, pp. 1060–1064, 1988.
`Horn et al., “An ISDN Multimedia Conference Bridge.”
`Tencon 90–1990 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Com
`puter and Communication, pp. 853-856, 1990.
`Kamel, “An Integrated Approach to Share Synchronous
`Groupwire Workspaces," IEEE 1993.
`Kendall et al., “Stimulating the Cue of Spatial Hearing in
`Natural Environments.” Northwestern University, Evanston,
`IL 602O1.
`Klein, Telekommunikation von AngeSichtZu AngeSicht 2323
`Telcom Report 9 (1986) Sep./Oct., No. 5, Erlangen, W.
`Germany.
`Kobayashi et al., “Development and Trial Operation of
`Video Teleconference System,” IEEE Globecom, pp.
`2060-2063, 1999.
`Lake et al." A network environment for Studying multimedia
`network architecture and control,” (1989 Globecom).
`Lantz, An Experiment in Integrated Multimedia Conferenc
`ing, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University,
`Stanford, CA 94305, Dec. 1986.
`Lantz et al., Collaboration Technology Research at Olivetti
`Research California, Aug. 1989.
`Lauwers et al., Replicated Architecture for Shared Window
`Systems: A Critique, (Olivetti Research California) Version
`of Apr. 1990.
`
`Lauwers et al., Collaboration AwareneSS in Support of
`Collaboration Transparency: Requirements for the Next
`Generation of Shared Windows Systems, (Olivetti Research
`California) Version of Apr. 1989.
`Leung et al., Optimum Connection Paths for a Class of
`Videoconferences, Department of Information Engineering,
`the Chinese University of Honk Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
`Maeno et al., Distributed Desktop Conferencing System
`(MERMAID) Based on Group Communication Architec
`ture, The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Infor
`mation and Comm. Engineers E74 (1991) Sep., No. 9,
`Tokyo, JP.
`Martens, “Principal Components Analysis and Resynthesis
`of Spectral Cues to Perceived Direction,” Proceedings of the
`1987 Int’l Computer Music Conference; Northwestern Uni
`versity, Evanston, IL 60201.
`Masaki et al., “A Desktop Teleconferencing Terminal Based
`on B-ISDN: PMTC,” NTT Review, 4(4):81–85, 1992.
`NG et al., Systems Integration ’90, (Apr. 23–26, 1990).
`Nunokawa et al., “Teleconferencing Using Stereo Voice and
`Electronic OHP, IEEE, 1988.
`Ohmori et al., “Distributed Cooperative Control for Sharing
`Applications Based on Multiparty and Multimedia Desktop
`Conferencing System,” IEEE, 1992.
`Pate, “Trends in Multimedia Applications and the Network
`Models to Support Them,” Globecom’s 90: 1990.
`Perkins, “Spider: An investigation in collaborative technolo
`gies and their effects on network performance'.
`Ramanathan et al., Optimal Communication Architectures
`for Multimedia Conferencing in Distributed Systems, Mul
`timedia Laboratory Dept. of Computer Science and Engi
`neering, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
`Rangan et al., “Software architecture for integration of video
`services in the etherphone system,” IEEE J. on Selected
`Areas in Comm., 9(9): 1395–1404, Dec. 91.
`Rangan et al., “A Window-Based Editor for Digital Video
`and Audio,” System Sciences, 1992 Hawaii Int’l Confer
`ence (1992).
`Sakata, “B-ISDN Multimedia Workstation Architecture,”
`IEEE, 1993.
`Sakata et al., “Development and Evaluation of an In-House
`Multimedia Desktop Conference System,” NEC Research &
`Development, No. 98, pp. 107-117, Jul. 1990.
`Stefik et al., “Beyond the Chalkboard: Computer Support for
`Collaboration and Problem Solving,” Communications of
`the ACM, vol. 30, No. 1, Jan. 1987.
`Vinet al., Hierarchical Conferencing Architectures for Inter
`-Group Multimedia Collaboration, Multimedia Laboratory
`Department of Computer Science and Engineering Univer
`sity of California at San Diego, La Jolla.
`Vin et al., Multimedia Conferencing in the Etherphone
`Environment, Computer Magazine, Vol. 24, ISSue 10, pp.
`69-79, 1991.
`Watabe et al., “A Distributed Multiparty Desktop Confer
`encing System and Its Architecture," IEEE, 1991.
`Watabe et al., “Distributed Desktop Conferencing System
`with Multiuser Multimedia Interface.” IEEE, 1991.
`Weiss, Desk Top Video Conferencing An Important Fea
`ture of Future Visual, Siemens AG-Munich-West Ger
`many.
`Zellweger et al., “An Overview of the Etherphone System
`and Its Applications,' Computer WorkStations Conference,
`1988.
`* cited by examiner
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 003
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 1 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 004
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 2 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 005
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 3 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`san
`ZZ SA &
`
`9. -- -
`O
`C
`Se
`
`c S
`
`i.
`
`...)
`3.
`O
`a.
`
`- 2
`do
`CC
`cry
`?o
`C.)
`
`c - 9.
`
`g
`
`.
`
`OOOOOOO
`OOOOOOOOOO
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 006
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May22, 2001
`
`Sheet 4 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`‘HINOOD
`
`vOAvinavoI)"|NVMHOLSV2
`
`
`ecegelVrfz
`Feweovat
`
`JOQIYG
`
`Got
`
`NVIWWHOL
`
`JUVMGYVH
`
`NVIW
`
`WHOL
`
`az
`
`ONIGNOdS3HHOIOLanyYYNVI
`
`
`(91)S3OUNOS3Yviva
`
`AW
`
`eel
`
`S
`
`¢aunbry
`
`0909
`
`909WAAUAS(91)saguNOSau
`
`
`
`
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 — 007
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet S of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`LOCATION B
`
`
`
`WS'''
`
`WAN
`
`Ayw GATEWAY
`LOCATIONA wan
`GATEWAY
`
`Gaay ASW
`LOCATION D
`
`LOCATION C
`
`Aigure 4
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 008
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 6 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`:
`
`
`
`
`
`SZAVN SXS X7
`
`Aigura 2
`
`122-n -
`
`
`
`14-
`
`114-
`
`
`
`116-1
`16-in
`
`
`
`r 36
`
`MOSAICING
`CIRCUITRY
`Aigure 7
`38
`AUDIO
`MXNG
`CIRCUITRY
`Aigure 9
`39
`
`WDEO
`CIRCUTRY
`
`
`
`
`
`16a
`
`116b
`116c
`116C
`
`Aique //
`
`8a
`Ba-2
`
`:-
`
`DGTAL FRAME
`BUFFER
`17
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 009
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 7 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`camuelLeave word
`Cails on Hold:
`Lester Ludwig, Keith Lantz
`
`Resne
`Resume
`Resume
`
`Aigure 84
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 010
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 8 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`rangupted Muelleave WordStatewietoard
`
`Calls on Hold:
`
`
`
`Aigure 8A
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 011
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 9 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`s
`
`R
`
`7
`)
`
`U
`
`Rise &
`A. f
`f AF2.
`
`E). (t/
`
`N
`
`SN
`
`Nss
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 012
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 10 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`STE NO. 1
`PARTICIPANTA
`PARTICIPANT B
`AB - O UNIT DELAY ATB
`C, D = 1 UNT DELA
`
`
`
`STE NO. 1
`PARTICIPANTA
`PARTICIPANT B
`
`2
`C D
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2
`Aigure /24
`
`STE NO. 2
`PARTICIPANT A
`PARTICIPANT B
`CD - O UNIT DELAY
`cio AB = 1 UNIT DELAY
`
`STE NO. 2
`PARTICIPANT A
`PARTICIPANT B
`
`A HEARS B - C - O
`C HEARSA + 8 + D
`8 HEARSA - C - O
`D HEARSA - B - C
`A.B = 0 UNT DELAY
`C.D. s. O UNIT DELAY
`CD = 1 UNT DELAY
`AB is 1 UNT DELAY
`Aigure J2A
`
`
`
`o
`
`STE NO. 2
`PARTICIPANTD
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`STE NO. 1
`PARTICIPANTA
`PARTICIPANT B
`PARTICIPANT C
`A.
`A,B,C.. O UNIT DELAY AIB c2 AIBD - O UNIT DELAY
`D - 1 UNIT DELAY cd
`cDA,B,C - 1 UNIT DELAY
`Aigure Ja
`
`
`
`STE NO. 1
`PARTICIPANTA
`PARTICIPANT B
`PARTICIPANT C
`
`STE NO. 2
`PARTICIPANTD
`
`A HEARS B - C - O
`B HEARSA + C + D
`C HEARSA - B - D
`AB is OUNT DELAY
`D = 1 UNT DELAY
`Aigure JA
`
`D HEARSA - B - C
`D is OUNT DELAY
`A,B,C s 1 UNT DELAY
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 013
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 11 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`c
`
`STE NO. 2 - 42.558.
`A &
`PARTICIPANT C
`PARTICIPANT B
`As
`CD
`AB is OUNT DELAY
`C.D. 1 UNT DELAY
`Aigure J44
`
`cD
`C = 0 UNT DELAY
`AB = 1 UN DELAY
`D = 2 UNTSOELAY
`
`SITE NO. 3
`PARTICIPANTD
`c 2
`cD
`D = OUNT DELAY
`AB is 1 UNT DELAY
`C is 2 UNTS DELAY
`
`STE NO. 2
`PARTICIPANT C
`C HEARS A + B -- C
`
`A + 3 + C
`C
`
`D
`STE NO. 1
`STE NO. 3
`PARTICIPANT A
`PARTICIPANT B.A. B. c. PARTICIPANT D
`A HEARS B - C - D
`D HEARSA - B - C
`B HEARSA - C - D
`AB is OUNT DELAY
`C.D. s. 1 UN DELAY
`A.
`AiGURE /45
`
`De OUNT DELAY
`AB = 1 UNT DELAY
`C = 2 UNITS DELAY
`
`C = OUNT DELAY
`AB is 1 UNT DELAY
`O = 2 UNTS DELAY
`
`2
`2B
`cD SE NO. 3
`c D
`STE NO. 1
`STE NO. 2
`PAfricIPANT AR =PAF ficIPANT BREE
`AB
`AB
`AB 2. As
`cD
`C
`CD
`As OUNT DEAY
`B is O UN DELAY
`C.D. OUNT DELAY
`B is 1 UNT DELAY
`A.C.D. 1 UNIT DELAY B s 1 UNIT DELAY
`C.D. s. 2 UNTS DELAY
`As 2 UNITS DELAY
`Aigure /2A
`
`A
`
`2
`
`B - C - D
`STE NO. 1
`STE NO. 2
`PARTICIPANTA - PARTICIPANTB
`A HEARS B - C + D
`B HEARSA - C - D
`
`C -- D
`
`B is 1 UNIT DELAY
`C.D. s. 2 UNITS DELAY
`
`A,C,D = 1 UNT DELAY
`e
`Aigure J2A
`
`STE NO. 3
`- 5.5
`PARTICIPANT C &
`C HEARS A+ B + D
`D HEARSA - B - C
`C.D. s. OUNT DELAY
`B is 1 UNT DELAY
`As 2 UNITS DELAY
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 014
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 12 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`STE NO. 2
`PARTICIPANT B
`
`cD
`
`
`
`cD
`B is OUNT DELAY
`A 1 UNT DELAY
`CDs 2 UNITS DELAY
`
`
`
`STE NO. 4
`PARTICIPANTD
`
`cD
`OUNT DELAY
`a 1 UNT DELAY
`C = 2 UNTS DELAY
`
`AB 9 = 9 NRELAY
`As 1 UNT DELAY
`CD SD3NS5ELAY
`Aigure /6
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 015
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 13 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`As OUNT DELAY
`B is 1 UNT DELAY
`C = 2 UNITS DELAY
`O - 3 UNTS DELAY
`AB
`
`C = O UNIT DELAY
`B = 0 UNT DELAY
`B, D = 1 UNIT DELAY
`A, C = 1 UNIT DELAY
`A = 2 UNITS DELAY
`D = 2 UNIT DELAY
`AB
`AIB
`2B cd Z cd
`cD
`cD
`STE NO. 3
`C-PARTICIPANrc
`Alle 2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3 = 2 UN
`
`LAY
`
`D = 0 UNT DELAY
`S; NES5E AB
`3 NSBEY cD
`Aigure /74
`
`As OUNT DELAY
`B is 1 UN DELAY
`C is 2 UNTS DELAY
`D = 3 UNTS DELAY
`
`B is OUNT DELAY
`AC s 1 UNT DELAY
`Ds 2 UNT DELAY
`
`C is OUNT DELAY
`B,D s 1 UNIT DELAY
`As 2 UNTS DELAY
`
`
`
`
`
`B - C -- O
`STE NO. 2
`PARTICIPANT B
`
`
`
`
`
`STE NO. 3
`PARTICIPANT C
`
`
`
`D - O UNT DELAY
`STE NO. 4
`C = 1 UNT DELAY
`B 2 UNTS DELAY PARTICIPANTD
`A 3 UNTS DELAY
`Aigure /75
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 016
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 14 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`CAMERA 500
`de
`
`MONITOR -2OO
`old-
`
`t MICROPHONE
`M 6OO
`
`la1
`
`O. O. O. O.
`
`SPEAKER EG
`
`7OO (G
`
`CPU
`
`1 OO
`
`101
`
`130
`
`KEYBOARD 300
`
`104
`8:
`
`
`
`
`
`ADO-ON BOX 800
`
`V-OUT 803
`
`
`
`n
`V-N BO1
`
`A-N
`802
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`AV NETWORK (UTP),901
`
`DATANETWORK (UTP),902
`
`Aigure /84
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 017
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 15 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`SIDE MOUNT - 850
`SOO
`600
`
`C
`O
`N - 820
`T
`R
`O L
`S
`
`700
`
`805
`
`M ONITOR
`
`2OO
`
`u-u
`-1
`
`u-1
`
`O O O O
`
`CPU - 1 OO
`
`150
`103
`102
`
`101
`
`1292
`110 2V16E55SFAY6A552
`2NEfwOKNTEFAC26A
`
`KEYBOARD - 300
`
`M
`
`SE
`
`
`
`EEEEEEEEEEEEE
`H
`
`DATA NETWORK (UTP) /902
`
`Aigure /8A
`
`AV NETWORK
`UTP)
`90
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 018
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 16 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`811
`
`CSR IT
`
`HANDSET WO
`X POWER AMP
`PREAMP
`
`NXHEADSETVo
`POWER AMP
`POWER AMP-82
`XA-OUT
`85 PREAMP
`g-A-IN
`EO
`
`a
`
`815
`
`LOOPBACKIAVMUTE
`
`AWTRANSCEIVERS
`VIDEO OUT WIDEON
`AUDIO 6UT AUDION
`
`AUDIO/VOEO
`O
`805
`
`AVNETWORK (UTP) (80
`Aigure /9
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 019
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 17 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`WORKSTATIONSOFTWARE - 160
`
`
`
`163
`
`ROLODEX
`
`162
`
`OUICKDIAL
`
`169
`
`VIDEOPHONE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OTHER
`STANDARD
`APPLICATION
`170
`
`COLLABORATION
`INTIATOR
`
`161
`
`167
`
`COMPUTER
`INTEGRATED
`TELEPHONY
`
`
`
`COMPUTER
`INTEGRATED
`
`
`
`Ailee 20
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 020
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 18 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`MLAN SERVER
`SOFTWARE MODULES
`
`62
`
`SERVICE SERVER
`69
`AVNM
`
`REAL-TIME
`AUDIO VISUAL
`STORAGE SERVER
`
`OTHER
`MULTIMEDIA
`SERVICES
`
`Aft/Re 27
`(2) REQUEST CALLEES
`ADDRESS
`
`(4) RETURN CALLEE'S
`ADDRESS
`
`COLLABORATION SCALLEE
`
`AWSWTCHING
`CIRCUTRY 30
`
`Aft/Re 24
`
`
`
`CALLER
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 021
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 19 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`E.
`
`Collaboration initiator
`
`Z
`
`Aigure 22
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 022
`
`

`

`AW
`
`JONSHIINODRn
`O3GIVOIGAY AYLINOYIO
`
`SNIHOLIMS
`
`AN
`
`AYLINOUID
`
`OSNIHOLIMS
`
`OIGINOIGAY
`
`ONIHOLIMS
`
`AWLINDUID
`
`ONIHOLUMS
`
`AYLINDYID
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May22, 2001
`
`Sheet 20 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`LeIHD
`
`39q1Ha
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 — 023
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 023
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 21 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`210a
`
`
`
`WORKSTATION
`
`A.
`
`C
`
`WORKSTATION
`
`
`
`MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENT
`AUTHORING
`
`
`
`
`
`MULTIMEDIA CAUCONF.
`RECORDING
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`N Q NS
`
`Aigure 29
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 024
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May22, 2001
`
`Sheet 22 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`/olanv
`
`OJGIA
`
`YOLIGS
`WOWAVId
`
`c0S
`
`SWIW3uY
`
`SININD3S||«oucayns3ON3U3434
`HIAHASJOVYOIS
`
`OsJaIVOIGNY
`foiany||G304093H
`
`
`INJQN3d30-3WILp05
`
`
`INGAZJUNLONGILS“H3dAHSOlHdvuDPONIDVINIixal
`M3GHOO3YHOLIGS
`
`
`ONDINIDINIVd$4O1I03
`
`TWNOILNSANODASVHOIS
`
`SAMIMovsWwvHSDOHd
`W3LSAS3u4Sava
`
`
`SOINdVHDS3I9VWI1X3LN3SWNDO0G
`
`HO1IG3HOLIGS
`
`VIGAN
`
`AAILISNASNI-SWIL
`
`VIQSW
`
`O¢7uNOIY
`
`SINSNOdNO9
`
`VIGSINILTNW
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 — 025
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 025
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 23 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`MLAN ('
`- - - - - - -
`
`SWITCHING
`CIRCURY
`
`
`
`REAL-TIME AUDIOWDEO
`STORAGE SERVER CD
`STORAGE
`MEDUM
`
`13b
`
`13a
`
`25
`
`30
`
`AW
`SWCING PEN
`CIRCUITRY
`
`13a
`
`otter
`STORAGE
`: SERVERS
`
`13b
`
`3b
`
`13b
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CLENT
`WORKSTATION
`
`CENT
`WORKSTATION
`
`CLENT
`WORKSTATION
`
`12-1
`
`12-2
`Aigure 27A
`
`12-3
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 026
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 24 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`REAL-TIME AUDIO/VIDEO
`STORAGE SERVER
`
`COMPRESS
`MODULES
`
`STORAGE
`MEDUM
`
`
`
`CLIENT
`WORKSATION
`
`N-121
`
`12-2
`Aigure s/C
`
`524
`MULTIMEDIA
`MAL SYSTEM
`
`526
`MULTIMEDIADOCUMENT
`MANAGEMENTSYSTEM
`
`STORAGE
`SERVERS
`
`12-3
`
`522
`
`
`
`CONVENTIONAL
`FILE SYSTEM
`
`502
`REAL-TIME AUDIONDEO
`STORAGE SERVER
`
`Aigure 27A
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 027
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 25 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`Aique 2
`
`SCSI CROSSBAR
`
`540
`
`l
`se
`ES5
`C2F.
`E. g.
`a <3 Šss
`
`O
`
`El DISKS 60e
`eEe
`Ege
`Es
`
`a
`
`DSKS 67e
`
`Q
`
`st
`
`Š-532 5321
`NTW NSS
`CPU
`Aigure 22
`
`SR
`SansS
`CPU
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 028
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 26 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`USERS - INFORMATION SYSTEMS:
`
`INFORMATION:
`
`
`
`O AUDIOWDEO OF AL PARTIES
`O SHARED WINDOWS
`
`O TELEPONTING/ANNOTATION
`
`
`
`SAME TIME
`SAME PACE
`
`SAME TIME
`DFFERENT PLACE
`
`DIFFERENT TIME
`SAME PLACE
`
`DIFFERENT TIME
`DIFFERENT PLACE
`
`
`
`
`
`USERS INFORMATION SYSTEMS:
`
`INFORMATION:
`
`O AUDIOWDEO OF AL PARTIES
`
`O SHARED WINDOWS
`O TELEPOINTING/ANNOTATION
`
`Aigure 24
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 029
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 27 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`S
`s
`S. N
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 030
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`May22, 2001
`
`Sheet 28 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` =5coeonn= |ie>N
`
`(WZ
`
`nS)
`
`9, 38/25/-/
`
`yS=
`
`i w
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 — 031
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 031
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 29 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`Zaer yw/25/-/
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 032
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`-
`
`Ny
`
`May22, 2001
`
`Sheet 30 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`ey
`
`€0¢
`
`MoVeareener
`annege-eoraed
`aHye—oties
`aEY
`mpuy AVane
`iD-|-©
`O¢wUNoITy
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 — 033
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 033
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`May22, 2001
`
`Sheet 31 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`1)WOEYAgedpoLie}eg=fa}a==
`ieTeARYCer
`
`4, 3 M/25/-/
`
`6£aUnbry
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 — 034
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 034
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 32 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`RN
`
`cool
`
`RElits
`ti?s Wic
`
`-ulu
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 035
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 33 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`N
`N
`s S
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 036
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 34 of 34
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`
`
`G
`
`3.
`s
`
`Zoho Corp. and Zoho Corp. Pvt., Ltd.
`Exhibit 1018 – 037
`
`

`

`1
`MULTIMEDIA COLLABORATION SYSTEM
`
`US 6,237,025 B1
`
`2
`AS discussed below, prior art desktop Videoconferencing
`Systems provide, at best, only a partial Solution to the
`challenges of distributed collaboration in real time, prima
`rily because of their lack of high-quality Video (which is
`necessary for capturing the visual cues discussed above) and
`their limited data Sharing capabilities. Similarly, telephone
`answering machines, voice mail, fax machines and conven
`tional electronic mail Systems provide incomplete Solutions
`to the problems presented by deferred (asynchronous) col
`laboration because they are totally incapable of communi
`cating visual cues, gestures, etc and, like conventional
`Videoconferencing Systems, are generally limited in the
`richness of the data that can be exchanged.
`It has been proposed to extend traditional videoconfer
`encing capabilities from conference centers, where groups
`of participants must assemble in the same room, to the
`desktop, where individual participants may remain in their
`office or home. Such a system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
`4,710,917 to Tompkins et al for Video Conferencing Net
`work issued on Dec. 1, 1987. It has also been proposed to
`augment Such video conferencing Systems with limited
`“video mail” facilities. However, Such dedicated videocon
`ferencing Systems (and extensions thereof) do not effectively
`leverage the investment in existing embedded information
`infrastructures-Such as desktop personal computers and
`workstations, local area network (LAN) and wide area
`network (WAN) environments, building wiring, etc.-to
`facilitate interactive sharing of data in the form of text,
`images, charts, graphs, recorded Video, Screen displays and
`the like. That is, they attempt to add computing capabilities
`to a Videoconferencing System, rather than adding multime
`dia and collaborative capabilities to the user's existing
`computer System. Thus, while Such systems may be useful
`in limited contexts, they do not provide the capabilities
`required for maximally effective collaboration, and are not
`cost-effective.
`Conversely, audio and Video capture and processing capa
`bilities have recently been integrated into desktop and
`portable personal computers and workstations (hereinafter
`generically referred to as “workStations'). These capabilities
`have been used primarily in desktop multimedia authoring
`systems for producing CD-ROM-based works. While such
`Systems are capable of processing, combining, and recording
`audio, video and data locally (i.e., at the desktop), they do
`not adequately Support networked collaborative
`environments, principally due to the Substantial bandwidth
`requirements for real-time transmission of high-quality,
`digitized audio and full-motion Video which preclude con
`ventional LANs from Supporting more than a few workSta
`tions. Thus, although currently available desktop multime
`dia computers frequently include Videoconferencing and
`other multimedia or collaborative capabilities within their
`advertised feature Set (see, e.g., A Reinhardt, "Video Con
`quers the Desktop,” BYTE, September 1993, pp. 64–90),
`Such Systems have not yet Solved the many problems inher
`ent in any practical implementation of a Scalable collabora
`tion System.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG. 1 is an enterprise view of a desk-top collaboration
`System embodiment of the present invention.
`FIGS. 2A and 2B are photographs which attempt to
`illustrate, to the extent possible in a Still image, the high
`quality of the full-motion Video and related user interface
`displays that appear on typical CMW screens which may be
`generated during operation of a preferred embodiment of the
`invention.
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`This application is a continuation of U.S. applications Ser.
`No. 08/660,461, filed Jun. 7, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No.
`5,802,294, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/131,
`523, filed Oct. 1, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,641.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention relates to computer-based Systems
`for enhancing collaboration between and among individuals
`who are separated by distance and/or time (referred to herein
`as “distributed collaboration”). Principal among the inven
`tion's goals is to replicate in a desktop environment, to the
`maximum extent possible, the full range, level and intensity
`of interpersonal communication and information sharing
`which would occur if all the participants were together in the
`same room at the same time (referred to herein as “face-to
`face collaboration”).
`It is well known to behavioral Scientists that interpersonal
`communication involves a large number of Subtle and com
`plex visual cues, referred to by names like “eye contact” and
`“body language,” which provide additional information over
`and above the spoken words and explicit gestures. These
`cues are, for the most part, processed Subconsciously by the
`participants, and often control the course of a meeting.
`In addition to spoken words, demonstrative gestures and
`behavioral cues, collaboration often involves the Sharing of
`Visual information-e.g., printed material Such as articles,
`drawings, photographs, charts and graphs, as well as Video
`tapes and computer-based animations, visualizations and
`other displayS-in Such a way that the participants can
`collectively and interactively examine, discuss, annotate and
`revise the information. This combination of Spoken words,
`gestures, Visual cues and interactive data sharing Signifi
`cantly enhances the effectiveness of collaboration in a
`variety of contexts, Such as “brainstorming Sessions among
`professionals in a particular field, consultations between one
`or more experts and one

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket