(12) United States Patent
`Lys et al.
`
`US006528954B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,528,954 B1
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Mar. 4, 2003
`
`4.420,711 A 12/1983 Takahashi et al. .......... 315/296
`4,625,152 A 11/1986 Nakai ......................... 315/317
`4,647.217 A 3/1987 Havel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 368/10
`
`4,656,398 A * 4/1987 Michael et al. ............. 315/293
`4,668,895 A 5/1987 Schneiter .................... 315/158
`4,687,340 A 8/1987 Havel .......................... 368/10
`4,688,154 A
`8/1987 Nilssen ....................... 362/147
`4,705,406 A 11/1987 Havel .......................... 368/10
`4,707-141 A 11/1987 Havel .......................... 368/11
`2. A "R. E. O. is:
`2 : 1
`(List continued on next page.)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(54) SMART LIGHT BULB
`
`(75) Inventors: Ihor LyS, Boston, MA (US); George G.
`
`Mueller, Boston, MA (US)
`
`O
`O
`(73) ASSignee: Sy Snetics Incorporated, Boston,
`(US)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/215,624
`(22) Filed:
`Dec. 17, 1998
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/920,156, filed on
`Aug. 26, 1997, now Pat. No. 6,016,03.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/090,920, filed on Jun 26,
`1998, provisional application No. 60/079285, filed on Mar.
`25, 1998, provisional application No. 60/078,861, filed on
`Mar. 20, 1998, provisional application No. 60/068,792, filed
`gaps.g. spyisional application No. 6007.
`Dec. 24, 1997 and
`isional
`lication No. 60/071
`
`(51) Int. Cl. ................................................ H05B 37/02
`
`AU
`CA
`EP
`
`12/1996
`6 267 9
`12/1996
`2 178432
`1/1996
`O534 710 B1
`(List continued on next page.)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`High End Systems, Inc., Trackspot User Manual, Aug. 1997,
`Excerpts (Cover, Title page, pp. ii through iii and 2-13
`th
`h 2-14
`rough 2–14).
`(List continued on next page.)
`Primary Examiner David Vu
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Wolf, Greenfield & Sacks,
`PC
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(52) U.S. Cl. ........................................ 315/291; 315/158
`(58) Field of Search ................................. 315/291, 149,
`315/152, 153, 155, 156-159 A Smart lightbulb is provided which may include a housing,
`an illumination Source, disposed in the housing, and a
`processor, disposed in the housing, for controlling the illu
`mination source. The housing may be configured to fit a
`conventional light fixture. The illumination Source may be
`an LED System or other illumination Source. The processor
`may control the intensity or the color of the illumination
`Source. The housing may also house a transmitter and/or
`receiver. The Smart light bulb may respond to a signal from
`another device or Send a signal to another device. The other
`devi evice may be another Smart light bulb or another device.
`Th
`tlight bulb
`b
`iated with
`id
`iet
`e Smart Ignt Dulp may be associated win a wide variety
`of illumination applications and environments.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`3,832,503 A 8/1974 Crane ..................
`... 200/51 R
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`3,974,637 A 8/1976 Bergey et al. .............. 58/50 R
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`4,298.869 A 11/1981. Okuno .............
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`1/1983 Kurahashi et al. .......... 340,701
`4,388,567 A 6/1983 Yamazaki et al. .......... 315/291
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`
`29 Claims, 75 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`00
`
`100
`
`100
`
`100
`
`20
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6
`
`6
`
`6
`
`6
`
`PoSSO
`
`PROCESSR
`
`PROCSSOR
`
`PROCESSOR
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DATA CONNECT
`ON
`
`
`
`TRANSMITTER,
`CIRCUCR
`NEWORK
`
`SO2
`
`CONTROL
`DATA
`GENERATOR
`
`504
`
`500
`
`VWGoA EX1022
`U.S. Patent No. 9,955,551
`
`

`

`US 6,528,954 B1
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`FR
`GB
`JP
`
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`6,072.280 A 6/2000 Allen ..................... 315/185 S
`6,132,072 A 10/2000 Turnbull et al. ............ 362/494
`6,135,604 A 10/2000 Lin ...................
`... 362/101
`6,150,774. A 11/2000 Mueller et al. ............. 315/291
`6,183,086 B1
`2/2001 Neubert ...................... 351/221
`6,184,628 B1
`2/2001 Ruthenberg.
`... 315/185 R
`6,196,471 B1
`3/2001 Ruthenberg .................. 239/18
`2001/0033488 A1 10/2001 Chliwny et al.
`
`4,771.274 A 9/1988 Havel ......................... 340/703
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`... 307/11
`4,818,072 A 4/1989 Mohebban .
`350/336
`4,845,481 A 7/1989 Havel .....
`340/762
`4,845,745. A 7/1989 Havel ........
`... 379/354
`4,887,074 A 12/1989 Simon et al. ..
`... 340/782
`4,965,561 A 10/1990 Havel ...........
`... 340/762
`4,973,835 A 11/1990 Kurosu et al.
`... 250/214
`5,008,595 A
`4/1991 Kazar ......................... 315/178
`1/1997
`O752 632 A2
`5,083,063 A
`1/1992 Brooks ....................... 315/294
`6/1990
`2 64O791
`5,128,595 A 7/1992 Hara ............
`... 315/312
`2 176 042 A 12/1986
`5,282,121. A 1/1994 Bornhorst et al.
`... 362,294
`O604383.0
`2/1994
`5,294.865 A 3/1994 Haraden .......
`... 31.5/58
`9 32O 766
`12/1997
`5,350,977 A
`9/1994 Hamamoto et al.......... 315,291
`WO 89 OSO86
`6/1989
`5,357,170 A 10/1994 Luchaco et al. ............ 315/159
`WO 94 18809
`8/1994
`5,371,618 A 12/1994 Tai et al. ...................... 359,53
`WO 95 13498
`5/1995
`5,374,876. A 12/1994 Horibata et al. ............ 315/313
`WO 96 41098
`12/1996
`5,388,357. A
`2/1995 Malita ......................... 40,570
`5,404,282 A 4/1995 Klinke et al.
`... 362/249
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`5,406,176. A 4/1995 Sugden ......
`... 315/292
`Artistic License, ALA-000 DMX512 Processors, Revision
`5,410,328 A 4/1995 YokSZa et al.
`... 345/82
`3.4, Jun. 2000, Excerpts (Cover, pp. 7.92 through 102).
`5,420,482 A 5/1995 Phares .......
`315/292
`SE A 16.
`No. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SE Artistic License, Miscellaneous Drawings (3 sheets) Jan. 12,
`2 -- 24 Y -
`a
`u- - 1
`- - - - ww..... will · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
`1995.
`
`SE
`E. son et al
`E. A
`313/512
`5,561,346 A 10/1996 Byrne ...
`362/240
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`315/210
`5,592,051 A
`1/1997 Korkala .....
`5,751,118 A 5/1998 Mortimer .................... 315/291
`5,752,766 A 5/1998 Bailey et al. ............... 362/250
`S.C. A g R s al II.33.
`5821.695. A 8. WIN.I.". 5.
`sis50.126 A 12/1998 Kanbar
`5,896,010 A
`4/1999 Mikolajczak et al. ......... 315/77
`5,912,653 A 6/1999 Fitch ...............
`... 345/87
`5,924,784. A 7/1999 Chliwny et al. ........... 362/234
`5,946,209 A * 8/1999 Eckel et al. ...
`... 364/143
`5,963,185. A 10/1999 Havel .......................... 345/83
`6,016,038 A 1/2000 Mueller et al. ............. 315/291
`
`
`
`Artistic License, Miscellaneous Documents (2 sheets) Feb.
`1995 and Apr. 1996.
`“LM117/LM317A/LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regula
`tor', National Semiconductor Corporation, May 1997, pp.
`1-20.
`“DS96177 RS-485 / RS-422 Differential Bus Repeater,
`National Semiconductor Corporation, Feb. 1996, pp. 1-8.
`DS2003 / DA9667 / DS2004 High Current / Voltage
`Darlington Drivers', National Semiconductor Corporation,
`Dec. 1995, pp. 1-8.
`“LM140A? LM140/LM340A/LM780OC Series 3-Terminal
`Positive Regulators', National Semiconductor Corporation,
`Jan. 1995, pp. 1–14.
`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 4, 2003
`
`Sheet 1 of 75
`
`US 6,528,954 B1
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`
`
`POWER
`
`DATA
`
`PROCESSOR
`
`Fig. 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.4, 2003
`
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`US 6,528,954 B1
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`Mar.4, 2003
`Mar. 4, 2003
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`Sheet 3 of 75
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`US 6,528,954 B1
`US 6,528,954 B1
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 4, 2003
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`Mar. 4, 2003
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`US 6,528,954 B1
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`Mar.4, 2003
`Mar. 4, 2003
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`Sheet 14 of 75
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`1
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`2
`color in the visible spectrum. The present invention takes
`advantage of these effects by combining the projected light
`from at least two light emitting diodes (LEDS) of different
`primary colors. It should be understood that for purposes of
`this invention the term “primary colors' encompasses any
`different colors that can be combined to create other colors.
`Computer lighting networks that use LEDs are also
`known. U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,482, issued to Phares, describes
`one Such network that uses different colored LEDs to
`generate a Selectable color, primarily for use in a display
`apparatus. U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,481, issued to Havel, is
`directed to a multicolored display device. Havel uses a pulse
`width modulated Signal to provide current to respective
`LEDs at a particular duty cycle. U.S. Pat. No. 5,184,114,
`issued to Brown, shows an LED display system. U.S. Pat.
`No. 5,134,387, issued to Smith et al., is directed to an LED
`matrix display.
`Illumination Systems exist in which a network of indi
`vidual lights is controlled by a central driver, which may be
`a computer-controlled driver. Such illumination Systems
`include theatrical lighting systems. The USITT DMX-512
`protocol was developed to deliver a stream of data from a
`theatrical console to a Series of theatrical lights.
`The DMX-512 protocol was originally designed to stan
`dardize the control of light dimmerS by lighting consoles.
`The DMX-512 protocol is a multiplexed digital lighting
`control protocol with a signal to control 512 devices, Such
`device including dimmers, Scrollers, non-dim relays, param
`eters of a moving light, or a graphical light in a computerized
`virtual reality set. DMX-512 is used for control for a
`network of devices. The DMX-512 protocol employs digital
`Signal codes. When a transmitting device, Such as a lighting
`console, Sends digital codes, a receiving device, Such as a
`dimmer, transforms these codes into a function command,
`Such as dimming to a specified level. With digital Systems,
`Signal integrity is compromised less over long cable runs,
`relative to analog control. When a coded string of 0/1 digits
`are Sent and received, the device will perform the desired
`task.
`In hardware terms, DMX-512 protocol information is
`transferred between devices over metal wires using the
`RS-485 hardware protocol. This involves the use of two
`wires, known as a twisted pair. The first wire is referred to
`as a data+wire, and the Second wire is referred to as a
`data-wire. The Voltage used on the line is typically positive
`five volts. By way of example, to transmit a logical one, the
`data+wire is taken to positive five volts, and the data-wire
`to Zero Volts. To transmit a logical Zero, the data+wire goes
`to zero volts, and the data-wire to positive five volts. This
`is quite different from the more common RS-232 interface,
`where one wire is always kept at Zero volts. In RS-232, a
`logical one is transmitted by putting between positive Six
`and positive twelve volts on the line, and a logical Zero is
`transmitted by putting a Voltage between negative Six and
`negative twelve volts onto the line. RS-485 is generally
`understood to be better for data transmission than RS-232.
`With RS-232, the receiver has to measure if the incoming
`voltage is positive or negative. With RS-485, the receiver
`only needs to determine which line has the higher Voltage on
`it.
`The two wires over which RS-485 is transmitted are
`preferably twisted. Twisting means that disturbances on the
`line tend to affect both lines Simultaneously, more or leSS by
`the same amount, So that the Voltage on both lines will
`fluctuate, but the difference in voltage between the lines
`remains the Same. The result is that noise is rejected from the
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`This application is a continuation-in-part of Multicolored
`LED Lighting Method and Apparatus, United States utility
`patent application, filed Aug. 26, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No.
`6,016,038, application Ser. No. 08/920,156, naming George
`Mueller and Ihor Lys as inventors, a continuation-in-part of
`Digitally Controlled Light Emitting Diode Systems and
`Methods, U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/071,
`281, filed Dec. 17, 1997, naming George Mueller and Ihor
`Lys as inventors; Multi-Color Intelligent Lighting, U.S.
`provisional patent application No. 60/068,792, filed Dec. 24,
`1997, naming George Mueller and Ihor Lys as inventors;
`Digital Lighting Systems, U.S. provisional patent applica
`tion No. 60/078,861, filed Mar. 20, 1998, naming Ihor Lys
`as inventor; System and Method for Controlled Illumination,
`U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/079,285, filed
`Mar. 25, 1998, naming George Mueller and Ihor Lys as
`inventors; Method for Software Driven Generation of Mul
`tiple Simultaneous High Speed Pulse Width Modulated
`Signals, U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/090,920,
`filed Jun. 26, 1998, naming Ihor Lys as inventor; all of which
`are incorporated by reference in their entirety; and incorpo
`rates by reference the Specification of the following appli
`cations: PCT/US98/17702 filed Aug. 26, 1998, filed on Dec.
`17, 1998; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/213,537 filed
`on Dec. 17, 1998; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/213,
`607 filed on Dec. 17, 1998; U.S. patent application Ser. No.
`09/213,189 filed on Dec. 17, 1998; U.S. patent application
`Ser. No. 09/213.5.48 filed on Dec. 17, 1998; U.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 09/213,581 filed on Dec. 17, 1998; U.S.
`patent application Ser. No. 09/213,659 filed on Dec. 17,
`1998; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/213,540 filed
`on Dec. 17, 1998. In addition, the entire disclosure of each
`of the U.S. patents and patent applications referred to herein
`is hereby incorporated by reference.
`
`15
`
`25
`
`35
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
`Light emitting diodes are known which, when disposed
`on a circuit, accept electrical impulses from the circuit and
`convert the impulses into light signals. LEDs are energy
`efficient, they give off virtually no heat, and they have a long
`lifetime.
`A number of types of LED exist, including air gap LEDs,
`GaAS light-emitting diodes (which may be doubled and
`packaged as Single unit offer greater reliability than conven
`tional Single-diode package), polymer LEDs, and Semi
`conductor LEDs, among others. Most LEDs in current use
`are red. Conventional uses for LEDs include displays for
`low light environments, Such as the flashing light on a
`modem or other computer component, or the digital display
`of a wrist watch. Improved LEDs have recently been used in
`arrays for longer lasting traffic lights. LEDs have been used
`in Scoreboards and other displayS. Also, LEDs have been
`placed in arrays and used as television displayS. Although
`most LEDs in use are red, yellow or white, LEDs may take
`any color; moreover, a Single LED may be designed to
`change colors to any color in the color spectrum in response
`to changing electrical Signals.
`It is well known that combining the projected light of one
`color with the projected light of another color will result in
`the creation of a third color. It is also well known that three
`commonly used primary colorS-red, blue and green-can
`be combined in different proportions to generate almost any
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`line. Also, the drive capability of RS-485 drivers is higher
`than RS-232 drivers. As a result, the RS-485 protocol can
`connect devices over distances hundreds of times further
`than would be possible when using RS-232. RS-485 also
`increases the maximum data rate, i.e., the maximum amount
`of data which can be transmitted over the line every Second.
`Communication between devices using RS-232 is normally
`about nine thousand Six hundred baud (bits per Second).
`Faster communication is possible, but the distances over
`which data can be transmitted are reduced significantly if
`communication is faster. By comparison, DMX-512 (using
`RS-485) permits data to be sent at two hundred fifty thou
`sandbaud (two hundred fifty thousand bits per second) over
`distances of hundreds of meters without problems. Every
`byte transmitted has one start bit, which is used to warn the
`receiver that the next character is starting, eight data bits
`(this conveys up to two hundred fifty six different levels) and
`two stop bits, which are used to tell the receiver that this is
`the end of the character. This means that every byte is
`transmitted as eleven bits, So that the length of each char
`acter is forty-four micro Seconds.
`The receiver looks at the two incoming Signals on a pair
`of pins and compares the differences. A Voltage rise on one
`wire and the inverse on the other will be seen as a differential
`and therefore deciphered as a digit. When both Signals are
`identical, no difference is recognized and no digit deci
`phered. If interference was accidently transmitted along the
`line, it would impart no response as long as the interference
`was identical on both lines. The proximity of the two lines
`assist in assuring that distribution of interference is identical
`on both wires. The signal driver sends five hundred twelve
`device codes in a continual, repetitive Stream of data. The
`receiving device is addressed with a number between one
`and five hundred twelve so it will respond only to data that
`corresponds to its assigned address.
`A terminator resistor is typically installed at the end of a
`DMX line of devices, which reduces the possibility of signal
`reflection which can create errors in the DMX signal. The
`ohm value of the resistor is determined by the cable type
`used. Some devices allow for self termination at the end of
`the line. Multiple lines of DMX data can be distributed
`through an opto-repeater. This device creates a physical
`break in the line by transforming the electrical Signals into
`light which spans a gap, then it is restored to electrical
`Signals. This protects devices from damaging high Voltage,
`accidentally travelling along the network. It will also repeat
`the original DMX data to several output lines. The input data
`is recreated at the outputs, eliminating distortion. The Signal
`leaves the opto-repeater as Strong as it left the console.
`DMX messages are typically generated through computer
`Software. Each DMX message is preceded with a “break.”
`which is a Signal for the receiver that the previous message
`has ended and the next message is about to Start. The length
`of the break signal (equivalent to a logical Zero on the line)
`has to be eighty-eight micro Seconds according to the DMX
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`Specification. The Signal can be more than eighty-eight
`micro Seconds. After the break signal is removed from the
`line, there is a period during which the Signal is at a logical
`one level. This is known as the “Mark' or “Mark After
`Break (MAB) time. This time is typically at least eight
`micro Seconds. After the Mark comes the first character, or
`byte, which is knows as the “Start' character. This character
`is rather loosely specified, and is normally Set to the value
`Zero (it can vary between Zero and two hundred fifty five).
`This Start character may be used to Specify Special messages.
`It is, for example, possible to have five hundred twelve
`dimmerS which respond to messages with the Start character
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`set to zero, and another five hundred twelve dimmers which
`respond to messages with the Start character Set to one. If one
`transmits data for these one thousand twenty-four dimmers,
`and one Sets the Start character to Zero for the first five
`hundred twelve dimmers, and to one for the second set of
`five hundred twelve dimmers, it is possible to control one
`thousand twenty four dimmers (or more if one wishes, using
`the same technique). The disadvantage is a reduction in the
`number of messages Sent to each of the Set of dimmers, in
`this example by a factor two. After the Start character there
`are between one and five hundred twelve characters, which
`normally correspond to the up to five hundred twelve
`channels controlled by DMX. Each of these characters may
`have a value between Zero (for 'off, Zero percent) and two
`hundred fifty five (for full, one hundred percent). After the
`last character there may be another delay (at logic one level)
`before the next break starts. The number of messages which
`are transmitted every Second are dependent on all the
`parameters listed above. In one case, where the bre