8279171
`
`UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F COMMERCE
`
`United Stntcs Pntcnt nnd Trndcmnrk Office
`
`August 08, 2022
`
`THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ANNEXED IS A TRUE COPY FROM THE
`RECORDS OF THIS OFFICE OF THE FILE WRAPPER AND CONTENTS
`OF:
`
`APPLICATION NUMBER: 13/357,549
`FILING DATE: January 24, 2012
`PATENT NUMBER: 9955551
`ISSUE DATE: April 24, 2018
`
`Certified by
`
`Performing the Functions and Duties of the
`Under Secretary of Commerce
`for Intellectual Property
`and Director of the United Stales
`Patent and Trademark Office
`
`0001
`
`VWGoA EX1002
`U.S. Patent No. 9,955,551
`
`

`

`Patent Application of
`Y echezkal Evan Spero
`for
`
`TITLE: Detector Controlled Illuminating System
`
`Cross Reference to Related Applications
`The present application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C .. sctn. 119(e) of U.S.
`Provisional Application No. 60/395,308 filed Jul. 12, 2002, entitled: Multiple light
`source illumination system; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/535,981, filed
`Oct. 17, 2011 entitled Adjustable Lighting Fixture, the disclosures of which are all
`expressly incorporated herein by reference; and this application is a continuation-in(cid:173)
`part application of, and claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.120 from, co-pending
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/604,360 , entitled "Multiple Light-Source
`Illuminating System" filed on Jul. 14, 2003, The entire content of this non(cid:173)
`provisional patent application is incorporated herein by this reference.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`Field of the Invention
`The present invention is in the field of radiation producing devices. More particularly,
`the present invention is in the technical field of lighting fixtures. However, radiation
`used for headlamps, heating, night vision, UV or visible light curing, medical X-rays
`and other radiation uses are covered as well. General lighting fixtures otherwise
`known as luminaires will be used as the primary example while other irradiating
`devices such as infrared heaters are covered as well. The invention relates to multiple
`light source illuminating devices intended to replace incandescent, fluorescent and
`HID luminaries in general and specialty lighting applications.
`
`Definitions, Terms, Elements
`In order to clarify the intent of the present invention and its dissimilar aspects from
`prior art, a nomenclature system is established.
`
`Used herein illumination refers to the deliberate application of light to achieve some
`practical or aesthetic effect. Correct illumination or recommend lighting practice
`refers to lighting industry standards and recommendations for the illumination of
`living, recreation, architectural and work areas as described in standards and
`handbooks published by industry professional organizations such as the Illuminating
`Engineering Society, the International Association of Lighting Designers, IALD or
`International Commission on Illumination CIE.
`
`Lamp: A lamp, other than a reflector lamp, is generally a device that generates light
`radially from the source. Due to the physics involved in the light generation process, it
`is difficult at the source to gain control of the spatial light propagation. A reflector
`lamp will partially control the emitted light which hits the reflector, but will not
`control the remaining light emanating from the filament or discharge tube. A lamp
`other than a solid-state lamp will generally produce light over a wide range of
`spectrum. The overall color is a function of the physics involved in the generation of
`the different photon energies. While some lamps spectra are closer to sunlight and
`have a good color rendering in relation thereto, other lamps such as low-pressure
`sodium are highly monochromatic with a yellow- orange appearance. A color
`
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`Patent Application of Yechezkal Evan Spero for "Detector Controlled Illuminating System
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`page 2
`
`temperature in degrees Kelvin based on the color of an incandescent filament is used
`to describe a lamp. An incandescent lamp color will be termed "warm" at 2000 Kelvin
`and a Metal Halide "cool" at 4000K. In general, there is no ability to affect the color
`over the intensity level even where dimming is afforded. A lamp is also intended to be
`a replaceable element. Lamps are constructed according to universal standards which
`allow for the substitution of lamps by other manufacturers. Prior-art lamps are thus
`provided with bulky bases which fit into bulky sockets and do not lend themselves to
`being permanently wired into printed circuit boards or bonded onto electronic chips.
`
`Luminaire: A Lighting Fixture or luminaire (the terms are used interchangeably) is a
`device which is constructed around the lamp to provide lighting specific to the
`application including non-lighting considerations such as aesthetics, safety etc. Some
`LF designs are primarily based on aesthetics while others are based on tailoring the
`lumen output such that the lighting fixture output meets the visual task at hand.
`Between these two extremes there are many possible designs, with maintenance,
`fixture cost, hazardous and rough service location considerations also playing a role.
`This is essentially why the industry produces so many different types of luminaires.
`One type for high industrial building ceilings known as high-bay lighting, another for
`office lighting and a third for roadway lighting and a fourth for illuminating corridors.
`Each fixture has its photometric distribution characteristics, that is, how many candela
`at what angle are exiting from the luminaire. Other luminaire considerations include
`keeping the lighting from causing discomfort glare or from being a source of veiling
`reflections. The purely technical goal is to get the required amount of light at the work
`surfaces where visual tasks are carried out by man, animals, plants and machines. A
`LF has a longer life than the lamp, and the lamp is meant to be replaceable within the
`fixture. A luminaire is wired directly to the electrical mains while a lamp due to its
`need to be replaced has a base which fits into a socket by way of which the lamp
`receives its power. Prior art solid-state lamp assemblies are considered lamps, as they
`have no provision for being connected to the mains. A luminaire has apparatus
`whereby it is attached to the building structure while a lamp is mechanically affixed to
`the lamp holder or socket. Another aspect of distinction is, that in general, correct
`lighting practice principles are used to guide in the design of a LF while a lamp is
`"bare" and is expected to have reflectors, refractors, shades and louvers to prevent
`glare and redirect its rays to increase light utilization.
`
`Digital: The term digital used herein in refers to the luminaire concept as espoused by
`teachings of this invention and is loosely defined in parallel to the fine control
`associated with digital equipment. The multiple light sources of specific
`characteristics provide quanta of power and spectrum which are smoothly added or
`detracted to generate a changed lighting effect. The digital aspect arises from the
`sufficient progression of values, varying by minute degrees to produce a continuum so
`as be non-discernable or irrelevant to the user. The added controllability is realized by
`breaking up the light-production, into discrete, specifically aimable, and dimmable
`elements which can be addressed by control electronics for the purpose of affecting
`the intensity, spectrum and spatial distribution of spectrum and of intensity of the
`illumination provided by the luminaire of the present invention.
`
`The overall combination of control capability and discrete light sources yields a
`digital lighting fixture. The terminology "digital" as used herein also refers to the
`discrete nature of the multiple LED lamps provided in the luminaire, whereby,
`
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`Patent Application of Yechezkal Evan Spero for "Detector Controlled Illuminating System
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`page 3
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`"digital" control results from the individual control of the discrete, i.e., "digital"
`lighting elements, the LEDs, in the luminaire.
`
`Correct lighting practice: A bare incandescent lamp illuminating a room is arbitrarily
`termed poor lighting practice. The bare light bulb hooked up to the electric power via
`a light switch, causes glare, wastes light, delivering the light to useless areas, has no
`provision for dimming and is energy inefficient. The Illuminating Engineering
`Society of North America (IESNA) as well as other professional groups such as the
`International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) have developed
`recommended lighting practices for specific applications in indoor and outdoor
`lighting. These recommendations and equations for implementing the
`recommendations can be found in the IESNA Lighting Handbook, 8th and/or 9th
`Editions (available from the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America 120
`Wall St. F1oor 17 New York, NY 10005 included herein by reference. Factors in good
`lighting include lighting intensity levels which may be based on the age of the users
`of the light, the color rendering capacity of the light source, its color temperature, the
`non-production of glare, veiling reflections and energy efficiency amongst others.
`Recommendations for all aspects of lighting in terms of intensity, distribution, color
`temperature, color temperature as a function of light intensity and correct color
`rendering exist in the literature in terms of lighting applications that is the
`environment to be illuminated, in parameters such as lux for intensity, CRI for color
`rendering index and Visual Comfort Parameter (VCP) for glare. In recent years, the
`Unified Glare Rating (UGR) as recommended by the CIE has become widely
`accepted as a general formula for assessing glare. While the US may still use VCP
`ratings, all the lighting-practice engineering organizations worldwide have standards
`and recommended ratings for different activities. For example lighting levels of 500
`lux and a UGR of 19 is recommended in offices while industrial areas intended for
`coarse work a UGR of 28 can tolerated. In good lighting practice, attention is given
`by lighting designers to the correct amount of uplight, that is, light exiting from the
`luminaire towards the ceiling, which prevents a gloomy "dark cave" effect. Attention
`is also given to the cut-off angle of the luminaire, usually provided by shielding
`elements, such that high intensity rays are not emitted at an angle where they enter the
`occupant's eye during normal activity. A correctly designed luminaire for indoor
`lighting may provide 30% uplight and 70% downlight in the angles from the nadir 0
`to 60 degrees and then again 135 to 170 degrees. A governing equation in lighting and
`used in "reverse luminaire design" of the present invention is the cosine law or
`Lambert's law, Equation 1:
`
`-
`
`.
`
`Where: E=Illuminance in lux or footcandles, !=Luminous intensity in candles,
`D=Distance between the source and the point of calculation in meters or feet, 0 =
`Angle of light incidence with illuminated surf ace
`
`Another useful equation used in fixture analysis to avoid glare producing designs
`yields the level of discomfort on the DeBoer scale. The DeBoer rating scale (1-9)
`describes the level of discomfort where: 1= Unbearable, 3 = Disturbing, 5 = Just
`acceptable, 7 = Satisfactory, and 9 = Just noticeable. The allowable level is dependent
`on the application. A surgeon performing an operation may be very sensitive to glare
`
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`Patent Application of Yechezkal Evan Spero for "Detector Controlled Illuminating System
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`page 4
`
`while a chlorophyll producing plant is not. The equation to determine the rating is
`Equation 2:
`W = 5.0 - 2.0 LOG [Ei/ (0.003) (1 + SQRT (La I 0.04)) (cpiY'0.46}
`
`where: W = glare sensation on a scale of 1 to 9, La= adaptation luminance (cd/m 2),
`Ei = illumination directed at observer's eyes from the i-th source (lux), (pi= glare angle
`of the i-th source (minutes of arc) from the observer's line of sight.
`
`Using these equations and correct lighting practice covering preferred angles of
`lighting for visual tasks, it is possible to design from the specific application's
`illumination requirements the spatial light intensity distribution and yet avoid
`manufacturing a glare producing luminaire.
`
`The present invention generally relates to an improved illuminator for use both in
`general and specialty lighting. The term general lighting includes use in living spaces
`such as lighting in industrial, commercial, residential and transportation vehicle
`applications. By specialty lighting we mean emergency lighting activated during
`power failures, fires or smoke accumulations in buildings, microscope, stage
`illuminators, billboard front-lighting, hazardous and difficult access location lighting,
`backlighting for signs, agricultural lighting etc.
`
`Energy Efficiency and Costs. In an example to illustrate the advantages of an energy
`efficient lighting solution, the total cost of lighting a typical 300 foot by 300 foot
`retail facility at 1000 lux over a 10 year period using state of the art (2002) HID
`luminaires is assessed. Including equipment, installation and maintenance cost the
`total bill is over one million dollars. Approximately 80% of this is in energy costs.
`The commodity being purchased is lighting, the major lifecycle cost is electricity. To
`cut down on costs and also conserve energy it desirable to maximize the use of light
`generated. A Japanese survey of office luminaires (Japan Lighting Information
`Services-Seminar-Save Energy of Office Lighting-Loss of light in luminaire-.htm)
`shows LF efficiencies (light that exits the fixture vs. the light produced by the lamp)
`in an open office fluorescent luminaire without anti-glare louvers to be 84% while one
`equipped with louvers is only 52% efficient. The "utilization factor" (which equals the
`light flux which arrives at a work site (e.g. upper surface of a desk) divided by the
`sum of all light flux of the lamp) is 7 4% for an open fixture and only 50% for
`louvered version. This however, is still not what the customer is paying for. The
`customer is after the best lighting solution at minimal energy cost. Chances are, as
`experienced lighting designers know, that the light intensity, even in a good lighting
`design, is still not evenly distributed over the work surfaces. While care is taken in the
`lighting design computer runs not to fall below the minimum illumination intensity at
`any point in the room, there are non-trivial excesses at some points in the lighting
`layout design. This excess light, wasted energy as far as the customer is concerned,
`probably accounts for another 10% loss. While a fluorescent may be appear to be a
`superior and very efficient light source at 80 lumen per watt vs. 30 lumen per watt for
`LEDs this is not actually the case, in actuality 60% of the fluorescent LF's light is
`wasted. Thus, in terms of energy use, a properly designed LED luminaire can be, with
`the proper luminaire design of the present invention, as effective lumen per lumen as
`any discharge light source in illuminating living areas.
`
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`Patent Application of Yechezkal Evan Spero for "Detector Controlled Illuminating System
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`page 5
`
`Expressed in terms of the above background and nomenclature, it is the goal of this
`disclosure to teach how to construct a luminaire which will radiate photons where
`needed, exactly in the correct amounts to accomplish visual tasks and/or create an
`atmosphere. The controlled radiation of light into a living space with a specific spatial
`intensity distribution also having optimal spectral characteristics for the seeing tasks
`at hand is provided by the present invention. Each visual task application has its own
`correct lighting solution with optimal light intensities, light color emanating at angles
`which will not cause glare that interferes with vision or causes discomfort. Tasks in
`living spaces vary with time so it is another objective of the present invention is to
`provide the optimal lighting solution in "real time"(at that specific moment in time).
`
`As a light source of ever increasing choice, LEDs have been packaged in numerous
`forms and used in lighting applications. Special control circuits have been developed
`to take advantage of the variability offered by the new light source and are today
`being offered as a solution to specific applications. In general however the design
`process has not zeroed in on providing the correct lighting solution. A number of LED
`illumination devices create "white" light by combining two or more LEDs of various
`wavelengths. White LEDs are also made using phosphors. The goal has not been to
`vary this color spectrum in real time to coordinate with the usage of the living space.
`The term "white" light is loosely interpreted to cover a range of illuminating light
`having spectral light distributions acceptable to the user for that application. HPS's
`yellow light has even been called white by some and the term is exclusive only of
`almost monochromatic sources such as LEDs and LPS lamps. The terms light
`spectrum, spectra, spectrum, spectral and color are used to refer to the relative spectral
`power distribution of the light source.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
`
`In prior art illuminating devices a universal light source such as an incandescent or
`fluorescent lamp emits light in many directions up to a 360 degree light distribution
`where in practice only a limited angular light distribution is needed in order for people
`to carry out visual tasks. So as to control the light distribution to certain angles,
`reflectors and refractors are used to redirect the light where it is needed. A great deal
`of light is wasted in the inherent inefficiencies in redirecting the light and shielding
`the glare causing light sources. In addition the actual placement of the light rays
`where needed, but not beyond, is often inexact and wasteful.
`In addition it necessary to have a wide variety of lighting fixtures each with dedicated
`optics and even then, there is much wasted light or insufficient lighting in the area
`covered by the luminaire. In addition the light intensity and color spectrum of the
`luminaire is fixed while the visual tasks going on in the space are changing all the
`time. Usually, there is no provision for either detecting the changes going on in the
`living space nor is the lighting fixture equipped with apparatus to effect the necessary
`changes in the lighting. In addition individuals often have their personal lighting
`preferences as to the color and intensity of the lighting. Prior art lighting fixtures have
`no provision for the localized provision of preferred lighting to individuals.
`
`A prior art LED light strip consists of circuitry including a plurality of LEDs mounted
`on a substrate and connected to electrical conductors. The circuitry is sometimes
`encased within a tube like, partially transparent protective sheathing and connected to
`a power source for selective LED illumination. Two examples of LED strip types are
`described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,130,909 to Gross, entitled Emergency Lighting Strip and
`
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`Patent Application of Yechezkal Evan Spero for "Detector Controlled Illuminating System
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`page 6
`
`U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,033 to Meggs et al., entitled Flexible Elongated Lighting System.
`Such strips are utilized in a variety of indoor and outdoor configurations such as
`emergency pathway markers, exit door indicators and ornamental lighting
`arrangements. The LEDs are being used as outline markers where the lighting strips
`are the object to be seen. It is not the purpose of the lighting strips to project light on
`other objects to make them visible. In other applications, where lighting distributed
`evenly along an area is required, these strips are placed at an edge. No attempt is
`made at obtaining an even illumination outward from the edge to the area
`perpendicular to the long dimension.
`
`LED lamps and ballast systems can reduce maintenance costs due to an average rated
`life of 100,000 hours. This is five to eight times the typical service life of
`conventional fluorescent and metal halide lamps. The present system is especially
`well suited for applications where relamping is difficult or expensive.
`
`U.S. Pat. No 6,346,777 issued February 12, 2002 to Kim teaches an illuminating lamp
`assembly. An LED lamp apparatus comprises a plurality of LED lamps including at
`least one LED chip mounted on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), on which a driver
`circuit and/or a control circuit are provided in a printed circuit pattern to drive and/or
`control the LED chip. The device is independent of the lighting application and is
`simply a lamp not a lamp and fixture combination.
`
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,018,290 issued May 28, 1991 to Kozek et al. Teaches an exit sign with
`a plurality of low voltage incandescent lamps mounted on a PCB to provide
`illumination from within a housing. There is no combination of different light source
`characteristics to build a new combined light source characteristic and this is a lamp
`replacement not a LF fit for general illumination.
`
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,577,832 to Lodhie one of the originators of the use of LEDs for
`illumination, describes a multilayer LED assembly which is used as a replacement
`light for equipment used in manufacturing environments. On each layer of the multi(cid:173)
`layer assembly, there are multiple LEDs which are mounted perpendicular to a base.
`The base is used to provide electrical and mechanical connection to a socket. The
`LED assembly may utilize multiple layers of LEDs, with each layer itself having
`multiple LEDs. The LEDs in each layer are mounted in a direction perpendicular to
`the base which results in light emanating in a direction perpendicular to the base. The
`LED assembly is used as a replacement lamp for equipment used in manufacturing
`environments. There is no attempt to match the light distribution to the task at hand.
`
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,379,022 issued April 30, 2002 to Amerson, et al. titled Auxiliary
`illuminating device having adjustable color temperature, describes an auxiliary
`illuminating device that has a least two preset ratios of light adjustable color
`temperature. The color temperature is adjusted by varying the light output at least two
`independently adjustable light sources. The light source is an array of at least 2 colors.
`The light source typically uses at least one set of LED's. The application specifically
`relates to use in producing correct lighting for photography but does not relate to
`general illumination so that its control equipment does not correlate the overall
`illuminance level to the color temperature over the range of illumination nor does its
`control equipment integrate the aiming function for correct light distribution.
`Essentially the auxiliary illuminating device is a lamp replacement for a photographic
`flash lamp.
`
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`Patent Application of Yechezkal Evan Spero for "Detector Controlled Illuminating System
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`page 7
`
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,340,868, Illumination components, discloses a current control for an
`LED lighting assembly, where each current-controlled unit is uniquely addressable
`and capable of receiving illumination color information on a computer lighting
`network. The teachings of the above patent are incorporated herein by reference.
`Although this patent discloses how to construct controllable illumination light systems
`this patent does not relate to the concept of control within the parameters of accurate
`light distribution and correct lighting practice.
`
`In US 6,498,440 Stam, et al. incorporated herein by reference, describes a lamp
`assembly incorporating optical feedback to produce an illuminator assembly that is
`capable of utilizing a plurality of light sources to produce a desired resultant hue. The
`assembly includes a processor, a memory, a plurality of light sources and a detector.
`The memory is coupled to the processor and stores data and information. Each of the
`plurality of light sources are coupled to the processor and produce a different color.
`The processor is capable of independently controlling the intensity of each light
`source so as to produce a desired resultant hue. The detector is also coupled to the
`processor. The detector provides the processor with information which the processor
`utilizes in determining how to adjust the intensity of each of the light sources to
`provide the desired resultant hue.
`
`In an earlier patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,803,579 titled: Illuminator assembly incorporating
`LEDs, by Turnbull, incorporated herein by reference, the different color LEDs light
`output is coincident in such a manner that this overlapped and mixed illumination
`forms a metameric white color and has sufficient intensity and color rendering
`qualities to be an effective illuminator. Electronic circuits for control of the
`independent light sources consist of microprocessor controlled adjustable current
`sources.
`
`United States Patent Application 20020130326 issued to Tamura et al., incorporated
`herein by reference, describes a lighting device that includes a plurality of LEDs
`arranged in an at least two-dimensionally dispersed manner; a transparent resin layer
`that covers the plurality of LEDs in an integrated form; a photo-detecting unit that
`detects an intensity of light emitted from the plurality of LEDs using a photodetector
`and a power supply circuit unit that controls driving of the plurality of LEDs based on
`a detection output from the photo-detecting unit. The purpose is to have a
`predetermined balance of light intensities of the colors according to an output detected
`as to each color by the photo-detecting unit. This device does not integrally cover the
`light distribution function within and does not correlate the lighting spectrum with the
`light intensity. It also does not provide a method to handle color shift over the lifetime
`of the illuminating device.
`
`In U.S. Pat. No. 6,528,954 a light bulb is provided which may include a housing, an
`illumination source, disposed in the housing, and a processor, disposed in the housing,
`for controlling the illumination source. The housing may be configured to fit a
`conventional light fixture. The processor may control the intensity or the color of the
`illumination source. The housing may also house a transmitter and/or receiver.
`Although this device includes the desirable communications control aspect, this
`device does not relate to a multi-light source capability which allows for the smooth
`variation lighting and its even distribution.
`
`0008
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`Patent Application of Yechezkal Evan Spero for "Detector Controlled Illuminating System
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`page 8
`
`In the prior-art approach, the LED manufacture and the power supply manufacture are
`separate units. Typically one power supply is good for a certain number of LEDs.
`This is similar to the historical lamp and ballast segregation that came about probably
`because one manufacturer was working with glass and the other with copper.
`Electronic light sources are semiconductor components as are the power supply
`components. A unique opportunity for integration exists in solid-state luminaire
`design which has not being taken advantage of.
`
`In many energy conserving multi resident stairwell lighting systems the lights are
`typically activated by pressing a button in the hallway or in each apartment. This
`requires special wiring between the switches and the central controller. In many other
`stairwells and hallways the lighting is always left on wasting energy. With long life
`LED lamps, a low energy distributed lighting solution could always be on for
`orientation purposes and would only turn on to full output when activity levels require
`the lights turning on, using integral optoelectronic motion detectors.
`
`A home lighting fixture is often left on at full power when really only lighting for
`orientation purposes is required. A light switch on the wall is provided and sometimes
`this has a dimmer option. An electronic power supply with programmable electronic
`controller with communication over a dedicated data line or alternately over the
`power line or alternately wireless is also possible in present art such as with the DALI
`(Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) protocol. With digital signals, power supplies
`become individually addressable compared to analog systems where only circuits are
`addressable. Additionally, DALI allows for bi-directional communication between the
`power supply and control. DALI also brings the capability of broadcast messaging to
`ballasts. With DALI or any other protocol much more than dimming can be effected.
`Control of spectrum, occupancy sensor controls and specific spatial intensity
`distributions can be modified. However, the present-day lamp or fixture is not
`designed to fully and efficiently take advantage of these new control capabilities.
`
`In United States Patent Application 20100302779 by Chemel titled Fixture with
`Replaceable Light Bars he describes an intelligent LED-based lighting system. The
`LED based lighting systems may include fixtures with one or more of rotatable LED
`light bars, integrated sensors, onboard intelligence to receive signals from the LED
`light bars and control the LED light bars. In this system while an adjustable system of
`moving bars is illustrated so that the LED luminaire can retrofit a variety of older
`discharge lamp based luminaires, advantage has not been taken of the multiplicity of
`light sources to obtain a superior light distribution lighting solution that is now
`obtainable with multiple sources.
`
`Spero in United States Patent Application 20040105264 describes the design of a
`multiple light source system using unique placements of the LEDs on the structure of
`a lighting fixture to generate an application specific light distribution pattern capable
`of providing recommended illuminance levels. The lighting fixture has means for
`being affixed within a living space to be illuminated in a unique orientation in relation
`to the surfaces therein. Subsequently, the lighting fixture is designed by positioning
`LED light sources thereon that emanate light in direction and intensity as required by
`the lighting application. The geometric layout is determined by using knowledge of
`the distances and angles from the light sources to the living-space surfaces as dictated
`by the inverse square law and Lambert's Cosine Law of Incidence. The combination
`of the unique placement of the LEDs on the lighting fixture and the unique orientation
`
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`Patent Application of Yechezkal Evan Spero for "Detector Controlled Illuminating System
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`page 9
`
`of the fixture in the living space results in the predetermined illuminance being
`obtained on the room surfaces. A problem with this technique can arise in non(cid:173)
`standard illumination instances which may be the majority of lighting applications.
`For example in industrial plant lighting, such as in open chemical processing facilities
`or where there are desks, shelves, machinery or other elements requiring an
`unpredictable light distribution. Much energy is wasted in these facilities with the
`wasted light often contributing to light pollution.
`
`In another embodiment Spero describes a solution to this problem where an
`overabundance of LEDs are deployed on the fixture structure giving it the ability to
`illuminate in all directions at required intensities. The controller of the LEDs is
`coupled to a camera which analyzes surfaces and usage within the living space and
`adjusts the lighting accordingly. While the design is highly flexible it requires an over
`capacity of LEDs and the cost of driver and light sources would be high.
`
`People need light for the performance of visual tasks, its aesthetic value or security.
`Light generated but not used by people is wasted energy, money and causes air and
`light pollution. Standard lighting fixtures, even those that are somewhat area based,
`such as a low bay or bedroom luminaire, because of the different object and usages
`within the area, either provide too much light and are wasteful or provide insufficient
`lighting inhibiting visual performance. Therefore it would be beneficial to have a
`lighting fixture that is further configurable to meet the demands of the actual lighting
`application where it has been installed. In addition it would be beneficial if the
`lighting fixture was responsive in real time to the lighting needs at that moment. It is
`no longer necessary to have fixtures providing il