INTERNATIONAL®
`
`SURFACE VEHICLE
`STANDARD
`
`Color Specification
`
`Issued
`Revised
`
`1942-01
`2019-02
`
`Superseding J578 MAR2016
`
`RATIONALE
`
`There are instances where twodistinct lighting functions with different individual colors, when operated simultaneously, may
`cause confusionin a traffic environment by producing a colorof light different than that of either function operated alone.
`This SAE J578 update provides guidance for device testers and lighting manufacturers on awareness and managing this
`effect, which can occur during simultaneous operation of multiple lighting functions that are optically combined or separate,
`but in close proximity. The optically combined situation is addressed in this document, but the close proximity situation is
`not because present color measurement and optical simulation approaches cannotreliably predict and measureit.
`
`The precautions in A.1 were modified and moved to Section 4, because they pertain to color variations likely to occurin
`optically combined lamps providing multiple lighting functions of differing colors.
`
`Thetitle of SAE J774, “Emergency Warning Device and Emergency Warning Device Protective Container,” was updated.
`
`The publication number of CFRTitle 49 Part 571.125, “Warning Devices, 39 FR 28636, Aug. 9, 1974 as amended at 40
`FR 4, Jan. 2, 1975,” was updated.
`
`The publication number of CFR Title 49 Part 571.108, “Lamps, Reflective Devices and Associated Equipment (FMVSS
`108),” was updated.
`
`A.6, which listed ASTM E308 as a cited publication, was removed,since this documentis already referenced in 2.1.3.
`
`1. SCOPE
`
`This SAE Standard defines and provides a means for the control of colors employed in motor vehicle external lighting
`equipment, including lamps and reflex reflectors. The document applies to the overall effective colorof light emitted by the
`device in any given direction, and not to the colorof the light from a small area of the lens. It does not apply to pilot, indicator,
`ortell-tale lights.
`
`
`SAE Technical Standards Board Rules providethat: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use ofthis report is entirely
`voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement ansing therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”
`SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at whichtime it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and
`suggestions.
`Copyright © 2019 SAE Intemational
`
`recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.
`SAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this
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`All nights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system ortransmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
`
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`

`SAE INTERNATIONAL
`
`J578™: FEB2019
`
`Page 2 of 8
`
`2. REFERENCES
`
`2.1. Applicable Documents
`
`The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the
`latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.
`
`2.1.1.
`
`SAE Publications
`
`Available from SAEInternational, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
`and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.
`
`SAE J774
`
`Emergency Warning Device and Emergency Warning Device Protective Container
`
`2.1.2
`
`Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
`
`Available from the United States Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401,
`Tel: 202-512-1800, www.gpo.gov.
`
`CFRTitle 49 Part 571.125 Warning Devices, 39 FR 28636, Aug. 9, 1974 as amendedat 40 FR 4,Jan. 2, 1975
`
`CFRTitle 49 Part 571.108 Lamps, Reflective Devices and Associated Equipment (FMVSS108)
`
`2.1.3. ASTM Publications
`
`Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
`Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.
`
`ASTM E308
`
`Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
`
`2.1.4
`
`CIE Publications
`
`Available from CIE Central Bureau, Babenbergerstrasse 9/9A, 1010 Vienna, Austria, Tel: +43 1 714 31 87, www.cie.co.at.
`
`CIE 1931
`
`Standard - Colorimetry
`
`2.2 Related Documents
`
`The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical
`Report.
`
`2.2.1
`
`IES Publications
`
`Available from Illuminating Engineering Society, 120 Wall Street, Floor 17, New York, NY 10005-4001, Tel: 212-248-5000,
`www.ies.org.
`
`IES TM-27-24
`
`IES Standard Format for the Electronic Transfer of Spectral Data.
`
`3. DEFINITIONS
`
`3.1.
`
`CHROMATICITY COORDINATES
`
`The fundamental requirements for color are expressed as chromaticity coordinates according to the CIE (1931) standard
`colorimetric system (see Figure 1). The following requirements shall apply when measured by the tristimulus or
`spectrophotometric methods.
`
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`

`SAE INTERNATIONAL
`
`J578™: FEB2019
`
`Page 3 of 8
`
`3.1.1.
`
`Red
`
`The colorof light emitted from the device shall fall within the following boundaries:
`
`Boundary Equations
`
`y = 0.335 (yellow boundary)
`y = 0.980 - x (purple boundary)
`
`0.265
`
`Boundary Vertex Points
`x
`y
`0.665
`0:335
`0.645
`0.335
`0.721
`0.259
`
`0.735
`
`3.1.2 Yellow (Amber)
`
`Thecolorof light emitted from the device shall fall within the following boundaries:
`
`Boundary Equations
`
`y = x - 0.120 (green boundary)
`y = 0.390 (red boundary)
`y = 0.790 - 0.670x (white boundary)
`
`Boundary Vertex Points
`x
`y
`0.560
`0.440
`0.545
`0.425
`0.597
`0.390
`0.610
`
`3.1.2.1
`
`Selective Yellow (See A.1)
`
`Thecolorof light emitted from the device shall fall within the following boundaries:
`
`0.390
`0.454
`
`Boundary Equations
`
`y = 1.290x - 0.100 (green boundary)
`y = 0.138 + 0.580x (red boundary)
`y = 0.440 (white boundary)
`y = 0.940 - x (white boundary)
`
`Boundary Vertex Points
`x
`y
`0.480
`0.519
`0.454
`0.486
`0.500
`0.440
`0.521
`0.440
`0.545
`
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`

`

`J578™ FEB2019
`
`SAE INTERNATIONAL
`
`Page 4 of 8
`
`Figure 1 - Chromaticity diagram
`
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`

`

`SAE INTERNATIONAL
`
`J578™: FEB2019
`
`Page 5 of 8
`
`3.1.3. White (Achromatic)
`
`The colorof light emitted from the device shall fall within the following boundaries:
`
`0.440
`0.692
`
`Boundary Equations
`
`x = 0.310 (blue boundary)
`x = 0.500 (yellow boundary)
`y = 0.150 + 0.640x (green boundary)
`y = 0.050 + 0.750x (purple boundary)
`y = 0.440 (green boundary)
`y = 0.382 (red boundary)
`
`Boundary Vertex Points
`x
`y
`0.310
`0.342
`0.310
`0.275
`0.440
`0.382
`0.500
`0.382
`0.500
`0.440
`0.453
`
`3.1.4 Green
`
`Thecolorof light emitted from the device shall fall within the following boundaries:
`
`Boundary Equations
`
`y = 3.470 - 9.200x (yellow boundary)
`y = 0.600 (white boundary)
`y = 0.768 - 1.306x (blue boundary)
`
`Boundary Vertex Points
`x
`y
`0.014
`0.750
`0.129
`0.600
`0.312
`0.600
`0.302
`
`3.1.5
`
`Blue
`
`3.1.5.1
`
`Restricted Blue (See A.1)
`
`Thecolorof light emitted from the device shall fall within the following boundaries:
`
`Boundary Equations
`
`y = 0.065 +0.805x (green boundary)
`x = 0.400 - y (white boundary)
`xX = 0.133 + 0.600y (violet boundary)
`
`Boundary Vertex Points
`x
`y
`0.090
`0.137
`0.186
`0215
`0.233
`0.167
`0.148
`
`0.026
`0.026
`
`3.1.5.2
`
`Signal Blue (See A.1)
`
`Thecolorof light emitted from the device shall fall within the following boundaries:
`
`Boundary Equations
`
`y = 0.320 (green boundary)
`x = 0.160 (white boundary)
`x = 0.400 - y (white boundary)
`xX = 0.133 + 0.600y (violet boundary)
`
`Boundary Vertex Points
`x
`y
`0.040
`0.320
`0.160
`0.320
`0.160
`0.240
`0.233
`0.167
`0.148
`
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`

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`SAE INTERNATIONAL
`
`J578™: FEB2019
`
`Page 6 of 8
`
`4. TEST METHODS
`
`4.1. Method of Color Measurement
`
`One of the methodslisted in 4.1.1 or 4.1.2 shall be used to check the color of the light from the device, or its optical
`components, for compliance with the color specifications. The device shall be operated at the design test voltage.
`Components (bulbs, cap lenses, and the like) shall be tested in a fixture or in a manner simulating the intended application.
`
`In measuring the color of reflex devices, precautions shall be made to eliminate the first surface reflections of the incident
`light.
`
`Lighting devices that are covered with neutral density filters shall be tested for color with such filters in place.
`
`If two or morelighting functions are optically combined, the color requirement of each function shall be met whenindividually
`illuminated. In addition, if the functions are illuminated simultaneously, the emitted light shall not be a color other than the
`colors permitted by the requirements of the illuminated functions.
`
`Some devices may emit a different color of light in one direction than another. Measurements shall be made in as many
`directions as needed to define the color characteristics of emitted light and to ensure the color requirement of the function
`is metin all directions.
`
`Someinstruments (tristimulus and spectroradiometric) use an integrating sphere at the inlet port of the device to integrate
`all the light from the device. Care shall be taken to assure that the integrating sphere is not combining different colorlight
`emitted in different directions from the device and thereby providing an erroneousreading.
`
`The lamp and optical components shall be allowed to reach operating temperature before any measurements are made.
`
`If the device does notvisually appear to be emitting light with a uniform color, additional measurements shall be taken to
`ensure the color requirementof the function is metin all directions.
`
`The distance betweenthe test instrument and the device under test should be great enough so that further increasesin
`distance do notaffect the results.
`
`4.1.1
`
`Tristimulus Method
`
`In this method, photoelectric detectors with spectral responses that approximate the 1931 CIE standard spectral tristimulus
`values are used to make the color measurements. These measured tristimulus values are used to calculate the chromaticity
`coordinates of the color of emitted light from the device. The instrument used for this type of measurementis a colorimeter.
`Theseinstruments are generally used for production control of color and are satisfactory if calibrated against colorfilters of
`known chromaticity coordinates. As a rule, the tristimulus method should only be used on incandescent steady-state
`sources. Other sources must use the method prescribed in 4.1.2.
`
`Visual tristimulus colorimeters can also be used for color evaluation.
`
`4.1.2
`
`Spectrophotometric Method
`
`The standard CIE method of color measurementis computing chromaticity coordinates from the spectral energy distribution
`of the device. This method should be used as a referee approach when the commonly used methods produce questionable
`results.
`
`Refer to ASTM E308 for more details on spectrophotometric measurements.
`
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`

`

`SAE INTERNATIONAL
`
`J578™: FEB2019
`
`Page / of 8
`
`5. NOTES
`
`5.1
`
`Revision Indicator
`
`A changebar(I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the userin locating areas where technical revisions, not
`editorial changes, have been madeto the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbolto the left of the documenttitle
`indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not usedin original
`publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changesonly.
`
`PREPARED BY THE SAE LIGHTING STANDARD PRACTICES COMMITTEE
`
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`

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`SAE INTERNATIONAL
`
`J578™: FEB2019
`
`Page 8 of 8
`
`A.1
`
`COLOR APPLICATION
`
`APPENDIX A
`
`Selective yellow is used on a limited basis primarily for fog lights and is not to be used in turn signal, parking, identification,
`clearance, sidemarker, and school bus warning lamps,or yellow reflex reflector applications as required by FMVSS 108.
`
`Restricted blue is used whenthereliable identification of the signallight as blue is necessary.
`
`Signal blue is used whenthereliable identification of the signallight as blue is not necessary.
`
`A.2
`
`NEUTRAL DENSITY
`
`Filtering materials are sometimes used over existing lighting devices to reduce the light intensity, but not to change the
`fundamental color requirements as detailed in this document.
`
`A.3
`
`ORANGE FLUORESCENT INFORMATION GUIDELINE
`
`Definitions and requirements for orange fluorescent color can be foundin the appropriate SAE RecommendedPractice or
`Standard. Refer to SAE J774, or FMVSS No. 125, Warning Devices, 39 FR 28636, Aug. 9, 1974 as amended at 40 FR 4,
`Jan. 2, 1975.
`
`A4
`
`COLOR MEASUREMENTSOF GASEOUS DISCHARGE LIGHTING DEVICES
`
`Somelaboratories cannot measurethe coloroflight from the short pulses of lamps that use discharge tubes; therefore,
`these lamps need a steady burning test source, operated at the color temperature of the gaseous discharge warning lamp.
`Useof CIE Illuminant C for strobe lights has been confirmed by independent testing laboratories.
`
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`