UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`VOLKSWAGEN GROUP OF AMERICA, INC.,
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`YECHEZKAL EVAN SPERO,
`Patent Owner
`
`Case IPR2023-00328
`U.S. Patent No. 10,894,503 B2
`
`DECLARATION OF JIANZHONG JIAO, PH.D., IN SUPPORT OF
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF U.S. PATENT NO.
`10,894,503
`
`Mail Stop “PATENT BOARD”
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent & Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`VWGoA EX1003
`U.S. Patent No. 10,894,503
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`Case IPR2023-00328
`U.S. Patent No. 10,894,503
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`
`INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1
`I.
`SUMMARY OF GROUNDS ............................................................................ 3
`II.
`SUMMARY OF OPINIONS ............................................................................. 3
`III.
`IV. QUALIFICATIONS .......................................................................................... 4
`V. MATERIALS CONSIDERED .......................................................................... 8
`VI. LEGAL STANDARDS ................................................................................... 10
`A. My Understanding of Claim Construction ............................................ 11
`B.
`A Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art ................................................... 12
`C. My Understanding of Obviousness ....................................................... 12
`VII. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART ............................................. 18
`VIII. OVERVIEW OF THE ’503 PATENT CLAIMS ............................................ 19
`A.
`Technology Overview of the Patent Claims ......................................... 19
`B.
`Independent Claims 26 and 65 .............................................................. 29
`C.
`Prosecution History Summary .............................................................. 33
`D.
`Claim Construction ............................................................................... 34
`“light sources” (claim 65) ..................................................................... 34
`IX. SUMMARY OF THE APPLIED REFERENCES .......................................... 37
`A. Ground 1 – Beam and Thominet ........................................................... 37
`U.S. Patent No. 6,144,158 to Beam ............................................ 37
`
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2001/0019486 to Thominet ........... 42
`
`Ground 2 – WIPO Patent Publication No. 2001/070538 to Stam
`with Beam-Thominet ............................................................................. 44
`Grounds 3, 4 – U.S. Patent No. 6,049,749 to Kobayashi with
`Beam-Thominet/Beam-Thominet-Stam ................................................ 46
`D. Ground 5 – WIPO Patent Publication No. 2002/004247 to Braun
`with Beam-Thominet-Stam ................................................................... 52
`Grounds 6, 7 – WIPO Patent Publication No. 2001/001038 to
`Harbers with Beam-Thominet/Beam-Thominet-Stam .......................... 53
`Ground 8 – Karlsson and Harbers ......................................................... 55
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` WIPO Patent Publication No. 1998/054030 to Karlsson ........... 55
`Harbers ........................................................................................ 59
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`G. Ground 9 – U.S. Patent No. 5,588,733 to Gotou with Karlsson-
`Harbers .................................................................................................. 60
`H. Ground 10 – Braun with Karlsson-Harbers .......................................... 61
`X. GROUND 1: THE COMBINATION OF BEAM AND THOMINET
`RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIMS 26-27 AND 30-31. ..................................... 62
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Beam and
`Thominet with a reasonable expectation of success. ............................ 65
`Independent Claim 26 ........................................................................... 75
`[26.P]: “A method for generating a headlight beam in an adaptive
`
`headlight system that provides illumination to at least a portion of
`a field-of-view, comprising:” ...................................................... 75
`[26.1]: “utilizing one or more sensors of a vehicle including the
`adaptive headlight system to obtain and provide data” .............. 76
`[26.2]: “predefined as relevant to a determination of illumination
`requirements for the field-of-view, the data including data
`indicative of at least one of one or more other vehicles or a
`pedestrian;” ................................................................................. 78
`[26.3]: “determining illumination requirements for the field-of-
`view based on the data sensed by the sensors,” .......................... 80
`[26.4]: “including determining illumination for at least a first
`subsection of the field-of-view including the other vehicle or
`pedestrian, as indicated by the sensor data, and” ........................ 82
`[26.5]: “for at least a second subsection of the field-of-view not
`including the other vehicle or pedestrian;” ................................. 86
`[26.6]: “determining a control strategy for controlling one or more
`directional light clusters in a headlight assembly to create an
`output headlight beam meeting the determined illumination
`requirements,” ............................................................................. 90
`(a) Beam discloses this element. ............................................ 90
`(b)
`Thominet also discloses this element. .............................. 97
`(c) A POSA would have been motivated to combine Beam
`and Thominet with a reasonable expectation of success. . 98
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`[26.7]: “the headlight beam spatial light distribution shaped to
`provide high beam illumination for a driver of the vehicle, in at
`least the second subsection,” ..................................................... 107
`[26.8]: “while mitigating glaring light illuminating at least the first
`subsection including detected other vehicles or pedestrians;” . 108
`[26.9]: “sending control signals implementing the control strategy
`to an electronic control circuitry configured to operate the light-
`clusters; and” ............................................................................. 110
`[26.10]: “controlling the light clusters via the electronic control
`circuitry to collectively emit the headlight beam meeting the
`determined illumination requirements.” ................................... 112
`Claim 27: “The method of claim 26, wherein the determining
`illumination requirements further comprises: determining the
`illumination requirements based on headlight modes comprising
`one or more of parking lights, low beam, high beam, cornering
`lights, load leveling adjustment, integral turn signal indicators,
`inputtable alternate beam pattern selection, and specified
`preferential headlight illumination color of the driver.” .....................114
`Claim 30: “The method of claim 26, wherein the control strategy
`dynamically adapts the headlight beam based on real-time
`changes to the data sensed by the sensors indicating a change to
`at least one of beings, objects and preceding vehicles ahead of
`the first vehicle.” .................................................................................115
`Claim 31: “The method of claim 26, further comprising receiving
`input to an override switch and, responsive to the input, adjusting
`automatic operation of the headlight system to reflect operator
`instruction as indicated by the input to the override switch or by
`further input to a different vehicle input other than the override
`switch.” ................................................................................................115
`XI. GROUND 2: THE COMBINATION OF BEAM, THOMINET, AND
`STAM RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIM 65. .................................................. 116
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Beam,
`Thominet, and Stam with a reasonable expectation of success. .........119
`Independent Claim 65 .........................................................................122
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`[65.P]: “A method for generating a headlight beam in an adaptive
`headlight system that provides illumination to at least a portion of
`a field-of-view, comprising:” .................................................... 122
`[65.1]: “utilizing one or more sensors of a first vehicle to obtain
`and provide data,” ..................................................................... 123
`[65.2]: “the data including data indicating at least a second
`vehicle;” .................................................................................... 123
`[65.3]: “determining illumination for at least a first subsection
`including the second vehicle and” ............................................ 124
`[65.4]: “at least one or more second subsections, to either side of
`the first subsection,” .................................................................. 124
`[65.5]: “including determining an illumination level for the first
`subsection” ................................................................................ 125
`[65.6]: “that substantially illuminates the first subsection below a
`predefined illuminance, and” .................................................... 128
`(a) Beam discloses this element. .......................................... 128
`(b)
`Stam also discloses this element. .................................... 132
`(c) A POSA would have been motivated to combine Beam,
`Thominet, and Stam with a reasonable expectation of
`success. ........................................................................... 134
`[65.7]: “determining an illumination level for the one or more
`second subsections” .................................................................. 139
`[65.8]: “that substantially illuminates the one or more second
`subsections above the predefined illuminance;” ....................... 142
`(a) Beam discloses this element. .......................................... 143
`(b)
`Stam also discloses this element. .................................... 147
`(c) A POSA would have been motivated to combine Beam,
`Thominet, and Stam with a reasonable expectation of
`success. ........................................................................... 148
`[65.9]: “determining control instructions for controlling one or
`more directional light sources included in the adaptive headlight
`system to achieve the determined illumination levels for at least
`the first and one or more second subsections; and” .................. 153
`(a) Beam discloses this element. .......................................... 153
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`(b)
`Thominet also discloses this element. ............................ 160
`(c) A POSA would have been motivated to combine Beam
`and Thominet with a reasonable expectation of
`success. ........................................................................... 161
`[65.10]: “controlling the light sources to emit the headlight beam
`in accordance with the control instructions.”............................ 170
`XII. GROUND 3: THE COMBINATION OF BEAM, THOMINET, AND
`KOBAYASHI RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIMS 32-36. .............................. 172
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Kobayashi with
`Beam-Thominet with a reasonable expectation of success. ................172
`Claim 32: “The method of claim 26, wherein the determining
`illumination requirements further includes determining
`illumination for an upcoming curve indicated by the sensor data,
`wherein the determining the control strategy further comprises
`determining the control strategy for controlling the directional
`light clusters to create an output headlight beam that illuminates
`around the curve.” ...............................................................................179
`Claim 33: “The method of claim 32, wherein the determining
`illumination requirements further includes determining
`illumination for an upcoming turn indicated by the sensor data,
`wherein the determining the control strategy further comprises
`determining the control strategy for controlling the directional
`light clusters to create an output headlight beam that illuminates
`the turn.” ..............................................................................................179
`Claim 34: “The method of claim 32, wherein the determining
`illumination further includes determining illumination the
`increases illumination of an upcoming turn indicated by the
`sensor data, wherein the determining the control instructions
`further comprises determining the control instructions for
`controlling one or more of the directional light sources to achieve
`illumination of the turn.” .....................................................................179
`Claim 35: “The method of claim 26, wherein the determining
`illumination requirements further includes determining
`illumination for an upcoming turn indicated by the sensor data,
`wherein the determining the control strategy further comprises
`determining the control strategy for controlling the directional
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`light clusters to create an output headlight beam that illuminates
`the turn.” ..............................................................................................180
`Claim 36: “The method of claim 26, wherein the determining
`illumination further includes determining illumination the
`increases illumination of an upcoming turn indicated by the
`sensor data, wherein the determining the control instructions
`further comprises determining the control instructions for
`controlling one or more of the directional light sources to achieve
`illumination of the turn.” .....................................................................180
`Beam-Thominet’s disclosure .................................................... 181
`
`Kobayashi’s disclosure ............................................................. 185
`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Kobayashi with
`Beam-Thominet with a reasonable expectation of success. ..... 187
`XIII. GROUND 4: THE COMBINATION OF BEAM, THOMINET, STAM,
`AND KOBAYASHI RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIM 70. ............................ 194
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Kobayashi with
`Beam-Thominet-Stam with a reasonable expectation of success. ......194
`Claim 70: “The method of claim 65, wherein the determining
`illumination further includes determining illumination that
`increases illumination of an upcoming curve indicated by the
`data, wherein the determining the control instructions further
`comprises determining the control instructions for controlling
`one or more of the directional light sources to achieve
`illumination around the curve.” ...........................................................195
`XIV. GROUND 5: THE COMBINATION OF BEAM, THOMINET, STAM,
`AND BRAUN RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIMS 66-67. .............................. 195
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Braun with
`Beam-Thominet with a reasonable expectation of success. ................195
`Claim 66: “The method of claim 65, wherein the data includes
`data indicating a pedestrian and wherein the determining
`illumination includes determining an illumination level, for at
`least a third subsection including the pedestrian.” ..............................202
`Claim 67: “The method of claim 65, wherein the data includes data
`indicating a road-sign wherein the determining illumination
`includes determining an illumination level, for at least a third
`subsection including the road-sign.” ...................................................202
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`Beam-Thominet-Stam’s disclosure ........................................... 202
`Braun’s disclosure ..................................................................... 204
`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Braun with
`Beam-Thominet-Stam with a reasonable expectation of success.
` ................................................................................................... 206
`XV. GROUND 6: THE COMBINATION OF BEAM, THOMINET, AND
`HARBERS RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIMS 28-29. ................................... 212
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Braun with
`Beam-Thominet with a reasonable expectation of success. ................212
`Claim 28: “The method of claim 26, wherein the illumination
`requirements accommodate peripheral night vision of the driver,
`by defining bluish headlamp illumination along a side of a road,
`while defining yellow tinted illumination along the road.” ................221
`Beam-Thominet’s disclosure .................................................... 221
`
`Harbers’s disclosure .................................................................. 224
`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Harbers with
`Beam-Thominet with a reasonable expectation of success. ..... 225
`Claim 29: “The method of claim 26, wherein the illumination
`requirements accommodate sensed fog or snow environmental
`conditions by defining a shift of at least a portion of the headlight
`beam towards yellow.” ........................................................................234
`Beam-Thominet’s disclosure .................................................... 234
`
`Harbers’s disclosure .................................................................. 236
`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Harbers with
`Beam-Thominet with a reasonable expectation of success. ..... 237
`XVI. GROUND 7: THE COMBINATION OF BEAM, THOMINET, STAM,
`AND HARBERS RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIMS 68-69. ......................... 246
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Harbers with
`Beam-Thominet-Stam with a reasonable expectation of success. ......246
`Claim 68: “The method of claim 65, wherein the determining
`illumination further includes determining a yellowish
`illumination color for illumination illuminating a road within the
`field-of-view and a blueish illumination color for illumination
`illuminating areas off-road within the field-of-view.” ........................246
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`Claim 69: “The method of claim 65, wherein the data includes
`data indicating fog or snow environmental conditions and the
`determining illumination includes determining a shift of at least a
`portion of the light output from the headlight system towards
`yellow.” ...............................................................................................246
`XVII. GROUND 8: THE COMBINATION OF KARLSSON AND HARBERS
`RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIMS 26-31, 65, AND 68-69............................. 247
`“directional light [clusters / sources]” [26.6]/[65.9] ........................... 247
`“predefined illuminance” [65.6]/[65.8] ............................................... 250
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Karlsson and
`Harbers with a reasonable expectation of success. .............................253
`Independent Claims 26 and 65 ............................................................261
`[26.P]: “A method for generating a headlight beam in an adaptive
`
`headlight system that provides illumination to at least a portion of
`a field-of-view, comprising:” .................................................... 262
`[65.P]: “A method for generating a headlight beam in an adaptive
`headlight system that provides illumination to at least a portion of
`a field-of-view, comprising:” .................................................... 262
`[26.1]: “utilizing one or more sensors of a vehicle including the
`adaptive headlight system to obtain and provide data” ............ 264
`[65.1]: “utilizing one or more sensors of a first vehicle to obtain and
`provide data,” ............................................................................ 264
`[26.2]: “predefined as relevant to a determination of illumination
`requirements for the field-of-view, the data including data
`indicative of at least one of one or more other vehicles or a
`pedestrian;” ............................................................................... 265
`[65.2]: “the data including data indicating at least a second vehicle;”
` ................................................................................................... 265
`[26.3]: “determining illumination requirements for the field-of-
`view based on the data sensed by the sensors,” ........................ 267
`[26.4]: “including determining illumination for at least a first
`subsection of the field-of-view including the other vehicle or
`pedestrian, as indicated by the sensor data, and” ...................... 269
`[65.3]: “determining illumination for at least a first subsection including
`the second vehicle and” ............................................................ 269
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`[26.5]: “for at least a second subsection of the field-of-view not
`including the other vehicle or pedestrian;” ............................... 273
`[65.4]: “at least one or more second subsections, to either side of the first
`subsection,” ............................................................................... 273
`[26.6]: “determining a control strategy for controlling one or more
`directional light clusters in a headlight assembly to create an
`output headlight beam meeting the determined illumination
`requirements,” ........................................................................... 277
`(a) Karlsson discloses this element. ...................................277
`(b) Harbers also discloses this element. .............................284
`(c) A POSA would have been motivated to combine Karlsson
`and Harbers with a reasonable expectation of success. 286
`[26.7]: “the headlight beam spatial light distribution shaped to
`provide high beam illumination for a driver of the vehicle, in at
`least the second subsection,” ..................................................... 295
`[26.8]: “while mitigating glaring light illuminating at least the first
`subsection including detected other vehicles or pedestrians;” . 298
`[26.9]: “sending control signals implementing the control strategy
`to an electronic control circuitry configured to operate the light-
`clusters; and” ............................................................................. 301
`[26.10]: “controlling the light clusters via the electronic control
`circuitry to collectively emit the headlight beam meeting the
`determined illumination requirements.” ................................... 303
`Additional Elements of Independent Claim 65 ...................................305
`[65.5]: “including determining an illumination level for the first
`
`subsection” ................................................................................ 305
`[65.6]: “that substantially illuminates the first subsection below a
`predefined illuminance, and” .................................................... 309
`[65.7]: “determining an illumination level for the one or more
`second subsections” .................................................................. 314
`[65.8]: “that substantially illuminates the one or more second
`subsections above the predefined illuminance;” ....................... 318
`[65.9]: “determining control instructions for controlling one or
`more directional light sources included in the adaptive headlight
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`Case IPR2023-00328
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`system to achieve the determined illumination levels for at least
`the first and one or more second subsections; and” .................. 323
`(a) Karlsson discloses this element. ..................................... 323
`(b) Harbers also discloses this element. ............................... 330
`(c) A POSA would have been motivated to combine Karlsson
`and Harbers with a reasonable expectation of success. .. 332
`[65.10]: “controlling the light sources to emit the headlight beam
`in accordance with the control instructions.”............................ 341
`Claim 27: “The method of claim 26, wherein the determining
`illumination requirements further comprises: determining the
`illumination requirements based on headlight modes comprising
`one or more of parking lights, low beam, high beam, cornering
`lights, load leveling adjustment, integral turn signal indicators,
`inputtable alternate beam pattern selection, and specified
`preferential headlight illumination color of the driver.” .....................343
`Claim 28: “The method of claim 26, wherein the illumination
`requirements accommodate peripheral night vision of the driver,
`by defining bluish headlamp illumination along a side of a road,
`while defining yellow tinted illumination along the road.” ................343
`Claim 68: “The method of claim 65, wherein the determining
`illumination further includes determining a yellowish
`illumination color for illumination illuminating a road within the
`field-of-view and a blueish illumination color for illumination
`illuminating areas off-road within the field-of-view.” ........................343
`Karlsson’s disclosure ................................................................ 344
`
`Harbers’s disclosure .................................................................. 346
`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Harbers with
`Karlsson with a reasonable expectation of success. ................. 347
`Claim 29: “The method of claim 26, wherein the illumination
`requirements accommodate sensed fog or snow environmental
`conditions by defining a shift of at least a portion of the headlight
`beam towards yellow.” ........................................................................353
`Claim 69: “The method of claim 65, wherein the data includes data
`indicating fog or snow environmental conditions and the
`determining illumination includes determining a shift of at least a
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`portion of the light output from the headlight system towards
`yellow.” ...............................................................................................353
`Karlsson’s disclosure ................................................................ 353
`
`Harbers’s disclosure .................................................................. 356
`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Harbers with
`Karlsson with a reasonable expectation of success. ................. 357
`Claim 30: “The method of claim 26, wherein the control strategy
`dynamically adapts the headlight beam based on real-time
`changes to the data sensed by the sensors indicating a change to
`at least one of beings, objects and preceding vehicles ahead of
`the first vehicle.” .................................................................................362
`Claim 31: “The method of claim 26, further comprising receiving
`input to an override switch and, responsive to the input, adjusting
`automatic operation of the headlight system to reflect operator
`instruction as indicated by the input to the override switch or by
`further input to a different vehicle input other than the override
`switch.” ................................................................................................363
`GROUND 9: THE COMBINATION OF KARLSSON,
`XVIII.
`HARBERS, AND GOTOU RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIMS 32-36
`AND 70. ......................................................................................................... 365
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Gotou with
`Karlsson-Harbers with a reasonable expectation of success. ..............365
`Claim 32: “The method of claim 26, wherein the determining
`illumination requirements further includes determining
`illumination for an upcoming curve indicated by the sensor data,
`wherein the determining the control strategy further comprises
`determining the control strategy for controlling the directional
`light clusters to create an output headlight beam that illuminates
`around the curve.” ...............................................................................372
`Claim 33: “The method of claim 32, wherein the determining
`illumination requirements further includes determining
`illumination for an upcoming turn indicated by the sensor data,
`wherein the determining the control strategy further comprises
`determining the control strategy for controlling the directional
`light clusters to create an output headlight beam that illuminates
`the turn.” ..............................................................................................372
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`Claim 34: “The method of claim 32, wherein the determining
`illumination further includes determining illumination the
`increases illumination of an upcoming turn indicated by the
`sensor data, wherein the determining the control instructions
`further comprises determining the control instructions for
`controlling one or more of the directional light sources to achieve
`illumination of the turn.” .....................................................................372
`Claim 35: “The method of claim 26, wherein the determining
`illumination requirements further includes determining
`illumination for an upcoming turn indicated by the sensor data,
`wherein the determining the control strategy further comprises
`determining the control strategy for controlling the directional
`light clusters to create an output headlight beam that illuminates
`the turn.” ..............................................................................................373
`Claim 36: “The method of claim 26, wherein the determining
`illumination further includes determining illumination the
`increases illumination of an upcoming turn indicated by the
`sensor data, wherein the determining the control instructions
`further comprises determining the control instructions for
`controlling one or more of the directional light sources to achieve
`illumination of the turn.” .....................................................................373
`Claim 70: “The method of claim 65, wherein the determining
`illumination further includes determining illumination that
`increases illumination of an upcoming curve indicated by the
`data, wherein the determining the control instructions further
`comprises determining the control instructions for controlling
`one or more of the directional light sources to achieve
`illumination around the curve.” ...........................................................373
`Karlsson-Harbers’s disclosure .................................................. 374
`
`Gotou’s disclosure .................................................................... 377
`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Gotou with
`Karlsson-Harbers with a reasonable expectation of success. ... 380
`XIX. GROUND 10: THE COMBINATION OF KARLSSON, HARBERS,
`AND BRAUN RENDERS OBVIOUS CLAIMS 66-67. .............................. 387
`A. A POSA would have been motivated to combine Braun with
`Karlsson-Harbers with a reasonable expectation of success. ..............387
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`Claim 66: “The method of claim 65, wherein the data includes
`data indicating a pedestrian and wherein the determining
`illumination includes determining an illumination level, for at
`least a third subsection including the pedestrian.” ..............................393
`Claim 67: “The method of claim 65, wherein the data includes data
`indicating a road-sign wherein the determining illumination
`includes determining an illumination level, for at least a third
`subsection including the road-sign.” ...................................................393
`Karlsson-Harbers’s disclosure .................................................. 393
`
`Braun’s disclosure ..................................................................... 395
`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Braun with
`Karlsson-Har