I 1111111111111111 1111111111 1111111111 11111 1111111111 111111111111111 IIII IIII
`USO 10894503B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Spero
`
`(IO) Patent No.: US 10,894,503 B2
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Jan.19,2021
`
`(54) DETECTOR CONTROLLED HEADLIGHT
`SYSTEM
`
`(71) Applicant: Yechezkal Evan Spero, Tifrach (IL)
`
`(72)
`
`Inventor: Yechezkal Evan Spero, Tifrach (IL)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by O days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 15/961,861
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Apr. 24, 2018
`
`(2013.01); B60Q 2300/122 (2013.01); B60Q
`2300/134 (2013.01); B60Q 2300/142
`(2013.01); B60Q 2300/21 (2013.01); B60Q
`2300/23 (2013.01);
`
`(Continued)
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC ............ H05B 33/0845; H05B 33/0854; H05B
`37/0227; H05B 47/105; H05B 47/11;
`H05B 47/115; H05B 47/125; H05B
`47/135; B60Q 1/085; B60Q 1/1423;
`B60Q 1/143
`USPC ............................. 315/77, 82,158,307,312
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`(63)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`US 2018/0255622 Al
`
`Sep. 6, 2018
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Continuation of application No. 13/357,549, filed on
`Jan. 24, 2012, now Pat. No. 9,955,551, which is a
`(Continued)
`
`Int. Cl.
`B60Q 1114
`B60Q 1104
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(Continued)
`
`U.S. Cl.
`CPC ............... B60Q 1104 (2013.01); B60Q 11085
`(2013.01); B60Q 111423 (2013.01); F21K 9/23
`(2016.08); F21K 9/232 (2016.08); F21S 4128
`(2016.01); F21S 411143 (2018.01); F21S
`411147 (2018.01); F21S 411153 (2018.01);
`F21S 41165 (2018.01); F21V 19102 (2013.01);
`F21V 2310464 (2013.01); F21V 2310471
`(2013.01); F21V 2310478 (2013.01); H05B
`3/008 (2013.01); H05B 45120 (2020.01);
`H05B 451395 (2020.01); H05B 47110
`(2020.01); H05B 471105 (2020.01); H05B
`47111 (2020.01); B60Q 2300/054 (2013.01);
`B60Q 23001112 (2013.01); B60Q 23001116
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,597,033 A
`5,018,290 A
`
`6/1986 Meggs et al.
`5/ 1991 Kozek et al.
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner - Tung X Le
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Brooks Kushman P.C.
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`An automated headlight system for vehicles replaces the
`high and low beam with a continuum of beam patterns, with
`further variable spatial distribution of intensities and color
`spectrum. The digital-headlight is comprised of a controller,
`sensors and multiple, individually-controllable light-sources
`modified by optical-control elements to form narrow-beams
`which are then combined to create the overall headlamp
`beam. Utilizing real-time sensor data regarding beings,
`objects and vehicles in the way-ahead, as well as optional
`information on the driver, vehicle and environment, the
`logical controller dynamically adapts the headlight system's
`illumination so as to provide vehicle operators with optimal
`visibility while preventing discomfort-glare from reaching
`the eyes oncoming traffic or pedestrians.
`
`70 Claims, 24 Drawing Sheets
`
`450
`
`451 ~ Power Source
`
`½----··-···-·------------------- ----------------------------------
`
`4 52
`~---------
`
`Power Condi1ioning
`
`453
`
`Transducer and Sensor Pack
`E1~vimnmrntul and Gcometrkat Duta lnrut
`lllumirnui{)n h:cdhack Data
`
`Data Storage
`
`Processor
`
`Logical Controller
`
`~-----~,
`
`I J/O Communications
`
`LED Light Source Module
`
`LED Light Source Module
`
`455
`
`Switch & Power
`Controls
`
`LED Driver
`
`LED Driver
`
`456
`- - ---- -- -- -- - - -- - --- -- --- -- - - -- -- - --- ---------
`
`VWGoA EX1001
`U.S. Patent No. 10,894,503
`
`

`

`US 10,894,503 B2
`Page 2
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`continuation-in-part of application No. 10/604,360,
`filed on Jul. 14, 2003, now Pat. No. 8,100,552.
`
`Provisional application No. 60/395,308, filed on Jul.
`12, 2002, provisional application No. 61/535,981,
`filed on Sep. 17, 2011.
`
`(2016.01)
`(2016.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2016.01)
`(2018.01)
`(2018.01)
`(2018.01)
`(2020.01)
`(2020.01)
`(2020.01)
`(2020.01)
`(2020.01)
`(2018.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2015.01)
`(2016.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2016.01)
`(2018.01)
`
`Int. Cl.
`F21K 9/23
`F21K 9/232
`E60Q 1108
`F21V 19102
`F21V 23104
`F21S 4128
`F21S 411143
`F21S 411147
`F21S 41165
`HOSE 471105
`HOSE 45120
`HOSE 451395
`HOSE 47110
`HOSE 47111
`F21S 411153
`HOSE 3/00
`F21V 29/74
`F21Y 115/10
`F21V 21/02
`F21V 21/30
`F21W 111/023
`F21W 111/027
`F21W 111/08
`F21W 131/103
`F21W 131/40
`F21Y 113/00
`F21W 102/00
`U.S. Cl.
`CPC .. B60Q 2300/312 (2013.01); B60Q 2300/314
`(2013.01); B60Q 2300/322 (2013.01); B60Q
`2300/41 (2013.01); B60Q 2300/42 (2013.01);
`F21V 21/02 (2013.01); F21V 21/30 (2013.01);
`F21V 29/74 (2015.01); F21W 2102/00
`(2018.01); F21W 2111/023 (2013.01); F21W
`2111/027 (2013.01); F21W 2111/08 (2013.01);
`F21W 2131/103 (2013.01); F21W 2131/40
`(2013.01); F21Y 2113/00 (2013.01); F21Y
`2115/10 (2016.08); Y02B 20/30 (2013.01);
`Y02B 20/40 (2013.01)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,033,099 A
`5,130,909 A
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`
`7/1991 Yamada et al.
`7 / 1992 Gross
`8/ 1996 Bolle et al.
`10/ 1996 Byrne
`
`5,577,832 A
`5,749,646 A
`5,785,243 A
`5,803,579 A
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`5,969,754 A
`5,983,161 A
`5,994,844 A
`6,046,549 A *
`
`6,149,283 A
`6,166,496 A
`6,281,632 Bl
`6,340,868 Bl
`6,346,777 Bl
`6,379,022 Bl
`6,385,352 Bl
`6,394,614 Bl
`6,406,172 Bl
`6,483,439 Bl
`6,498,440 B2
`6,499,860 B2
`6,528,954 Bl
`6,601,982 Bl
`6,676,282 B2
`6,820,998 B2
`7,524,097 B2 *
`
`1111996 Lodhie
`5/ 1998 Brittell
`7/1998 Cross
`9/1998 Turnbull
`7/1999 Yu
`10/1999 Zeman
`ll/ 1999 Lemelson et al.
`ll/ 1999 Crawford et al.
`4/2000 James ....................... G05F 1112
`315/276
`
`11/2000
`12/2000
`8/2001
`1/2002
`2/2002
`4/2002
`5/2002
`5/2002
`6/2002
`11/2002
`12/2002
`12/2002
`3/2003
`8/2003
`1/2004
`11/2004
`4/2009
`
`Conway et al.
`Lys et al.
`Stam et al.
`Lys et al.
`Kim
`Amerson et al.
`Roustaei
`Chang
`Begemann et al.
`Vukosic
`Stam et al.
`Begemann
`Lys et al.
`Begemann et al.
`Begemann et al.
`Chen
`Turnbull
`
`B60Q 1/2665
`362/545
`8,045,760 B2 * 10/2011 Stam .................. G06K 9/00805
`382/104
`B60Q 1/085
`315/158
`3/2014 Pawlicki ................... G06T 7/13
`340/435
`Liken ................. G06K 9/00791
`7/2016
`8/2001
`Begemann
`2/2002
`Kamieli
`2/2002
`Lemelson et al.
`4/2002
`Chang
`4/2002
`Kinjo
`4/2002
`Morgan et al.
`4/2002
`Lys et al.
`Fernandez et al.
`5/2002
`9/2002
`Tamura et al.
`3/2004
`Mueller
`4/2004
`Howard
`6/2004
`Spero
`7/2004
`Savage et al.
`11/2004 Stam ......................... B60R 1/00
`701/49
`
`8,115,394 B2 *
`
`2/2012 Kobayashi .
`
`8,665,079 B2 *
`
`9,398,270 B2 *
`2001/0014019 Al
`2002/0022774 Al
`2002/0022927 Al
`2002/0039238 Al
`2002/0046100 Al
`2002/0047628 Al
`2002/0047646 Al
`2002/0057340 Al
`2002/0130326 Al
`2004/0052076 Al
`2004/0061605 Al
`2004/0105264 Al
`2004/0138726 Al
`2004/0230358 Al*
`
`2006/0222213 Al
`2008/0136356 Al
`2009/0315485 Al
`2010/0052550 Al*
`
`10/2006 Kiyohara et al.
`6/2008 Zampini et al.
`12/2009 Verfueth et al.
`3/2010 Kobayashi .
`
`B60Q 1/143
`315/158
`
`2010/0302779 Al
`2011/0211110 Al
`2012/0001566 Al
`2012/0091897 Al
`2012/0262575 Al
`2012/0283908 Al*
`
`12/2010
`Cherne!
`9/2011
`Doublet
`1/2012
`Josefowicz et al.
`4/2012
`0 et al.
`10/2012
`Champagne et al.
`11/2012 Schofield ............. G05D 1/0244
`701/36
`B60Q 1/085
`362/465
`
`2013/0258688 Al * 10/2013 Kalapodas
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2021
`
`Sheet 1 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`10
`
`2
`
`Multiple Solid State Light Source
`MSLS Digital Lighting Fixture DLF
`
`5
`
`1-------------------------------------L
`~---~M~e-chanical Base
`Power
`Conditioning
`
`3
`
`Multiple Solid-State
`Light Sources
`
`Controller Electronics
`Storage, Processor &
`Software
`
`Optical
`Elements
`
`Read inputs and
`instructions, process
`data and calculate
`
`Power Line as
`Conductor Cable or Rail
`between Light Source
`Units Also May Serve
`as Affixing Means and
`communications link.
`
`11
`
`4
`
`13
`
`' ' ' ' \
`
`6
`
`12
`
`' 1
`
`1
`1
`1
`
`Change operating
`parameters
`
`Check Time, Sensors & Inputs
`
`FIG. 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 2 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`PRIOR ART
`
`FIG. 2A
`
`FIG. 2B
`
`FIG. 2C
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2021
`
`Sheet 3 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`PRIOR ART
`
`1-------------------------------------------------~
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q] 0
`:
`[Q]
`~ _...__ - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - - -_...._ __ --'_
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`-
`
`- _I
`
`32
`
`36
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`FIG. 3A
`
`35
`
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`
`[Q]
`[Q]
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`[Q]
`
`[Q]
`[Q]
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`[Q]
`
`[Q]
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`
`[Q]
`[Q]
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`[Q]
`
`[Q]
`[Q]
`
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q]
`[Q] 0
`
`I
`!
`I
`
`
`
`
`
`- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - -_ __._ - - _i:
`
`31B
`
`FIG. 3B
`
`31
`
`33
`
`31
`
`38
`
`39
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`Jan. 19, 2021
`
`Sheet 4 of 24
`Sheet 4 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`48
`
`46
`
`44
`
`47
`
`53
`
`65
`
`40 {
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`45
`
`41
`
`66
`
`50
`
`67
`
`56
`
`57
`
`FIG. 4
`FIG. 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 5 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`73
`
`75
`
`74
`
`77
`
`C:--s
`
`FIG. 5
`
`90
`
`~ 105
`
`106
`
`100
`
`99
`
`101
`
`95
`
`98
`
`FIG. 6
`
`92
`
`94
`
`97 r 103
`
`1a o o o o o ~98
`
`107
`
`108
`
`102
`
`~ 9 6
`
`

`

`Sheet 6 of 24
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`131
`
`U.S. -patent
`
`ys 10,894503 PP
`
`(
`\
`I
`\
`
`f\G. 7
`
`f\G. 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 7 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`y
`FIG. 9
`
`PLEASING
`ILLUMINATION
`
`:3000 4000
`
`COLOR TEMPERATURE OF ILLUMINATION "K
`
`FIG. 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2021
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 8 of 24
`Sheet 8 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`172
`
`174 177
`
`170
`
`71
`171
`
`178
`
`175
`
`174
`
`170
`
`178
`
`176
`
`FIG. 11
`FIG. 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2021
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 9 of 24
`Sheet 9 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`192
`
`\/204
`\ -I
`
`I~
`
`.
`198 197 ~=- ----- --
`
`,,,. ,,
`
`...
`
`200
`
`194
`
`205
`
`, ' ,~ 2 0 7
`
`224
`
`199
`
`
`
`220 I
`
`209
`
`)
`
`222
`
`221 223
`
`196
`
`224
`
`226 " - £202
`2 2~ 201
`
`FIG. 12
`FIG. 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 10 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`240
`
`240
`
`258
`
`FIG. 13A
`
`246
`
`245
`
`243
`
`241
`
`FIG. 138
`
`257
`
`244
`
`243
`
`257
`
`FIG. 13C
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 11 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`Detem1ine the Lighting Application and Recomrnended Practices
`
`Detennine the Mounting Height and Surrounding Conditions Typical of the Application
`
`Determine the Area Covered and Light Power Required
`
`Select SLS types capable of producing Required Intensities and Spectrum at Highest
`Conversion Efficiencies at the Lowest Economic Cost
`
`Determine the SLS Beam Spreads
`
`Determine SLS Aimings for the Required Distribution Pattern
`
`Determine Electronics to Control and Power SLS
`
`Determine Lighting Fixture Surface Geometry and Size
`
`NO
`
`Change SLS Beam Spread,
`Fixture Geometries or Size
`
`Design Luminaire include Aesthetics per Application
`
`FIG. 14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 12 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`~274
`
`282
`
`( ...... ::·········· ........... ···:
`' ..... ,, ........ J ·······'
`:
`,, 00000000:
`
`284
`
`283
`
`289
`
`277
`
`273
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`1_ -
`
`-
`
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`
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`I
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`
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`
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`
`-
`
`281
`
`278
`
`270
`
`271
`
`280
`
`279
`
`294
`
`.............. ~295
`
`~293
`
`297
`
`FIG. 15
`
`

`

` yuszed
`
`FIG. 16
`
`e •
`00 .
`
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`~
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`
`~
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`
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`
`1707‘6L“uer
`veJOCTJOYS
`7HCOS‘P68‘0ISA
`
`302
`
`310
`
`307
`
`312
`
`317
`
`303
`
`···:::::·:.~·.-·
`
`313 315
`
`301
`
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`
`309
`
`('D
`('D
`
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`
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`....
`0 ....
`
`N
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`
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`tit = w
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`

`

`Tl
`220/llOv to 24vR1
`200ohm
`
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`30v
`5w D2
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`
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`leds
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`:8
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`30ohm
`
`FIG. 17
`
`.,,. 09 green
`LEDl leds
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`
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`I
`I
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`
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`
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`.....
`....
`0 ....
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`.i;...
`
`d r.,;_
`"'""' = 00
`tit = w
`
`\0
`~
`
`~
`N
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 15 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`428
`
`420
`
`422
`
`433
`
`423
`
`···1~
`\
`,
`. • -··
`\
`···, ..... ,~--------;;'
`
`... ,
`
`414
`
`FIG.1sn
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 16 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`435
`
`412
`
`~rJiJ~r
`
`433
`
`434
`
`436
`
`FIG.19
`
`FIG. 20A
`
`FIG. 20B
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 17 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`Yt -X
`l,(47\
`
`444
`
`44-2
`
`FIG. 21
`
`443
`
`450
`
`451 ~ Power Source
`
`~-----------------------------f------------------------------------
`,,,,,----- 4 5 2~
`Power Conditioning
`
`4 5 3~
`
`I
`Transducer and Sensor Pack
`Environmental and Geometrical Data Input
`Illumination Feedback Data
`
`I
`Logical Controller
`
`~ 4 5 5
`
`Switch & Power
`Controls
`
`I Data Storage 11 Processor
`
`I l~I/-O_C_o_1_n_m_u_n_ic-at-io_n_s~1 •
`
`LED Driver
`
`' I
`
`I
`I
`
`t
`454 ......-/ L LED Light Source Module
`
`457
`, 458
`----------------
`
`I
`_
`LED Driver
`I
`, . _ _ _ _
`____.
`I
`LED Light Source Module t - - - - -~ ~
`- - - - - - - - - - - - -~ '
`456/
`~------------------------------
`---------------------------(cid:173)
`---
`FIG. 22
`
`I
`
`,
`
`- -- -
`
`- --
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 18 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`Run Test Routine of Light Sources to Determine Light Distribution
`
`Identify Furnishings, Appliances, Objects and/or People
`
`Run Lighting Algorithms to Determine Best Practice Illumination Levels
`
`Drive Light Sources to Produce Light Distribution Pattern Needed
`
`Measure Obtained Luminance or User Override Inputs
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`Re-adjust Light Source Aimings or Add Additional LS Modules
`
`Communicate Requirements
`
`Identify Immediate Use for Illumination for Visual Tasks or Ambient Lighting
`
`Operate Lighting Fixture on As Needed Basis for User Vision
`
`Measure Luminance and Glare vs. Best Practice Specification
`
`Adjust LS
`Intensity or
`Aiming
`
`NO
`
`Fig. 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 19 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`4;77
`.-·······'/ ,~Sl
`/
`
`{ ·,.
`-d9 480
`
`475
`
`FIG. 24
`
`FIG. 25A
`
`FIG. 25B
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2021
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 20 of 24
`Sheet 20 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`495
`
`493
`
`--494
`
`492
`
`491
`
`FIG. 26
`FIG. 26
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 21 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`509
`
`.... ·'
`sos
`
`503
`
`506
`
`("",,,505
`f
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`507
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`... , .... _
`_}
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`./
`506
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`504
`
`FIG. 27
`
`.,.~-·--·~ .. .,., ..
`\
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`/516
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`513 ,.---·-"'
`
`··.
`520 .......... ws--')
`
`FIG. 28A
`
`FIG. 28B
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19,2021
`
`Sheet 22 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`5.;0---
`
`FIG. 29
`
`531
`
`)
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`,--,;
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`___ ,_
`.......
`'.).,3- 534
`
`(
`\
`
`\
`536
`
`FIG. 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 23 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`FIG. 31
`
`\ I
`
`558
`
`560
`I
`--~/
`
`FIG. 32
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.19,2021
`
`Sheet 24 of 24
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`Input the Lighting Application Geometry and Visual Tasks to Be Perfom1ed
`
`Input Fixture Placement
`
`Determine Illuminance Values for Room Surfaces
`Based on Usage
`
`Generate Luminaire Spatial Light Intensity
`Distribution Based on Fixture Location
`Relative to Surfaces
`
`Light
`Source
`Library
`
`Build Luminaire from Multiple Light Sources Capable of Providing the
`Required Luminaire Spatial Light Distribution. Set Skeletal Structural
`Geometry
`
`Run Lighting Design Software to Obtain Illuminance Results
`on Room Smfaces and Work Plane.
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`Aesthetic
`Outer
`Package
`Library
`
`YES
`
`Select Aesthetic Outer Luminaire Package Design that
`coordinates with Skeletal Structure
`
`Re-simulate entire light design including the Fixtures
`Appearance.
`
`NO
`
`Order
`FIG. 33
`
`

`

`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`1
`DETECTOR CONTROLLED HEADLIGHT
`SYSTEM
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`The present application is a Continuation of pending U.S.
`patent application Ser. No. 13/357,549 filed Jan. 24, 2012,
`now U.S. Pat. No. 9,955,551 which issued Apr. 24, 2018,
`which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application
`Ser. No. 10/604,360, entitled "Multiple Light-Source Illu(cid:173)
`minating System" filed on Jul. 14, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No.
`8,100,552 which issued on Jan. 24, 2012, which claims
`benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Appli(cid:173)
`cation No. 60/395,308 filed Jul. 12, 2002, entitled: Multiple
`light source illumination system where pending U.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 13/357,549 filed Jan. 24, 2012, also
`claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/535,
`981, filed Sep. 17, 2011 entitledAdjustable Lighting Fixture,
`where the entire content of the disclosures are all expressly
`incorporated herein by reference.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention is in the field of radiation producing
`devices. More particularly, the present invention is in the
`technical field of lighting fixtures. However, radiation used
`for headlamps, heating, night vision, UV or visible light
`curing, medical X-rays and other radiation uses are covered
`as well. General lighting fixtures otherwise known as lumi(cid:173)
`naires will be used as the primary example while other
`irradiating devices such as infrared heaters are covered as
`well. The invention relates to multiple light source illumi(cid:173)
`nating devices intended to replace incandescent, fluorescent
`and HID luminaries in general and specialty lighting appli(cid:173)
`cations.
`
`Definitions, Terms, Elements
`
`In order to clarify the intent of the present invention and
`its dissimilar aspects from prior art, a nomenclature system
`is established.
`Used herein illumination refers to the deliberate applica(cid:173)
`tion of light to achieve some practical or aesthetic effect.
`Correct illumination or recommend lighting practice refers
`to lighting industry standards and recommendations for the
`illumination of living, recreation, architectural and work
`areas as described in standards and handbooks published by 50
`industry professional organizations such as the Illuminating
`Engineering Society, the International Association of Light(cid:173)
`ing Designers, IALD or International Commission on Illu(cid:173)
`mination CIE.
`Lamp: A lamp, other than a reflector lamp, is generally a
`device that generates light radially from the source. Due to
`the physics involved in the light generation process, it is
`difficult at the source to gain control of the spatial light
`propagation. A reflector lamp will partially control the
`emitted light which hits the reflector but will not control the
`remaining light emanating from the filament or discharge
`tube. A lamp other than a solid-state lamp will generally
`produce light over a wide range of spectrum. The overall
`color is a function of the physics involved in the generation
`of the different photon energies. While some lamps spectra
`are closer to sunlight and have a good color rendering in
`relation thereto, other lamps such as low-pressure sodium
`
`2
`are highly monochromatic with a yellow-orange appearance.
`A color temperature in degrees Kelvin based on the color of
`an incandescent filament is used to describe a lamp. An
`incandescent lamp color will be termed "warm" at 2000
`Kelvin and a Metal Halide "cool" at 4000K. In general, there
`is no ability to affect the color over the intensity level even
`where dimming is afforded. A lamp is also intended to be a
`replaceable element. Lamps are constructed according to
`universal standards which allow for the substitution oflamps
`10 by other manufacturers. Prior-art lamps are thus provided
`with bulky bases which fit into bulky sockets and do not lend
`themselves to being permanently wired into printed circuit
`boards or bonded onto electronic chips.
`Luminaire: A Lighting Fixture or luminaire (the terms are
`15 used interchangeably) is a device which is constructed
`around the lamp to provide lighting specific to the applica(cid:173)
`tion including non-lighting considerations such as aesthet(cid:173)
`ics, safety etc. Some LF designs are primarily based on
`aesthetics while others are based on tailoring the lumen
`20 output such that the lighting fixture output meets the visual
`task at hand. Between these two extremes there are many
`possible designs, with maintenance, fixture cost, hazardous
`and rough service location considerations also playing a
`role. This is essentially why the industry produces so many
`25 different types of luminaires. One type for high industrial
`building ceilings known as high-bay lighting, another for
`office lighting and a third for roadway lighting and a fourth
`for illuminating corridors. Each fixture has its photometric
`distribution characteristics, that is, how many candela at
`30 what angle are exiting from the luminaire. Other luminaire
`considerations include keeping the lighting from causing
`discomfort glare or from being a source of veiling reflec(cid:173)
`tions. The purely technical goal is to get the required amount
`of light at the work surfaces where visual tasks are carried
`35 out by man, animals, plants and machines. ALF has a longer
`life than the lamp, and the lamp is meant to be replaceable
`within the fixture. A luminaire is wired directly to the
`electrical mains while a lamp due to its need to be replaced
`has a base which fits into a socket by way of which the lamp
`40 receives its power. Prior art solid-state lamp assemblies are
`considered lamps, as they have no provision for being
`connected to the mains. A luminaire has apparatus whereby
`it is attached to the building structure while a lamp is
`mechanically affixed to the lamp holder or socket. Another
`45 aspect of distinction is, that in general, correct lighting
`practice principles are used to guide in the design of a LF
`while a lamp is "bare" and is expected to have reflectors,
`refractors, shades and louvers to prevent glare and redirect
`its rays to increase light utilization.
`Digital: The term digital used herein in refers to the
`luminaire concept as espoused by teachings of this invention
`and is loosely defined in parallel to the fine control associ(cid:173)
`ated with digital equipment. The multiple light sources of
`specific characteristics provide quanta of power and spec-
`55 trum which are smoothly added or detracted to generate a
`changed lighting effect. The digital aspect arises from the
`sufficient progression of values, varying by minute degrees
`to produce a continuum so as be non-discernable or irrel(cid:173)
`evant to the user. The added controllability is realized by
`60 breaking up the light-production, into discrete, specifically
`aimable, and dimmable elements which can be addressed by
`control electronics for the purpose of affecting the intensity,
`spectrum and spatial distribution of spectrum and of inten(cid:173)
`sity of the illumination provided by the luminaire of the
`65 present invention.
`The overall combination of control capability and discrete
`light sources yields a digital lighting fixture. The terminal-
`
`

`

`10
`
`3
`ogy "digital" as used herein also refers to the discrete nature
`of the multiple LED lamps provided in the luminaire,
`whereby, "digital" control results from the individual control
`of the discrete, i.e., "digital" lighting elements, the LEDs, in
`the luminaire.
`Correct lighting practice: A bare incandescent lamp illu(cid:173)
`minating a room is arbitrarily termed poor lighting practice.
`The bare light bulb hooked up to the electric power via a
`light switch, causes glare, wastes light, delivering the light
`to useless areas, has no provision for dimming and is energy
`inefficient. The Illuminating Engineering Society of North
`America (IESNA) as well as other professional groups such
`as the International Association of Lighting Designers
`(IALD) have developed recommended lighting practices for 15
`specific applications in indoor and outdoor lighting. These
`recommendations and equations for implementing the rec(cid:173)
`ommendations can be found in the IESNA Lighting Hand(cid:173)
`book, 8th and/or 9th Editions (available from the Illuminat(cid:173)
`ing Engineering Society of North America 120 Wall St. 20
`Floor 17 New York, N.Y. 10005 included herein by refer(cid:173)
`ence. Factors in good lighting include lighting intensity
`levels which may be based on the age of the users of the
`light, the color rendering capacity of the light source, its
`color temperature, the non-production of glare, veiling 25
`reflections and energy efficiency amongst others. Recom(cid:173)
`mendations for all aspects of lighting in terms of intensity,
`distribution, color temperature, color temperature as a func(cid:173)
`tion oflight intensity and correct color rendering exist in the
`literature in terms of lighting applications that is the envi- 30
`ronment to be illuminated, in parameters such as lux for
`intensity, CRI for color rendering index and Visual Comfort
`Parameter (VCP) for glare. In recent years, the Unified Glare
`Rating (UGR) as recommended by the CIE has become
`widely accepted as a general formula for assessing glare. 35
`While the US may still use VCP ratings, all the lighting(cid:173)
`practice engineering organizations worldwide have stan(cid:173)
`dards and recommended ratings for different activities. For
`example, lighting levels of 500 lux and a UGR of 19 is
`recommended in offices while industrial areas intended for 40
`coarse work a UGR of 28 can tolerated. In good lighting
`practice, attention is given by lighting designers to the
`correct amount of uplight, that is, light exiting from the
`luminaire towards the ceiling, which prevents a gloomy
`"dark cave" effect. Attention is also given to the cut-off angle 45
`of the luminaire, usually provided by shielding elements,
`such that high intensity rays are not emitted at an angle
`where they enter the occupant's eye during normal activity.
`A correctly designed luminaire for indoor lighting may
`provide 30% uplight and 70% downlight in the angles from 50
`the nadir Oto 60 degrees and then again 135 to 170 degrees.
`A governing equation in lighting and used in "reverse
`luminaire design" of the present invention is the cosine law
`or Lambert's law, Equation 1:
`
`I cos 0
`E= - (cid:173)
`D2
`
`Where: E=Illuminance in lux or footcandles, !=Luminous
`intensity in candles, D=Distance between the source and the
`point of calculation in meters or feet, 8= Angle of light
`incidence with illuminated surface
`Another useful equation used in fixture analysis to avoid
`glare producing designs yields the level of discomfort on the
`DeBoer scale. The DeBoer rating scale (1-9) describes the
`level of discomfort where: 1 =Unbearable, 3=Disturbing,
`
`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`4
`5=Just acceptable, ?=Satisfactory, and 9=Just noticeable.
`The allowable level is dependent on the application. A
`surgeon performing an operation may be very sensitive to
`glare while a chlorophyll producing plant is not. The equa(cid:173)
`tion to determine the rating is Equation 2:
`
`W=5.0-2.0 LOG [E/(0.003)(1+SQRT(La/0.04))(qi;)
`'0.46]
`
`to 9,
`where: W=glare sensation on a scale of 1
`La=adaptation luminance ( cd/m 2), E,=illumination directed
`at observer's eyes from the i-th source (lux), cp,=glare angle
`of the i-th source (minutes of arc) from the observer's line
`of sight.
`Using these equations and correct lighting practice cov(cid:173)
`ering preferred angles of lighting for visual tasks, it is
`possible to design from the specific application's illumina(cid:173)
`tion requirements the spatial light intensity distribution and
`yet avoid manufacturing a glare producing luminaire.
`The present invention generally relates to an improved
`illuminator for use both in general and specialty lighting.
`The term general lighting includes use in living spaces such
`as lighting in industrial, commercial, residential and trans(cid:173)
`portation vehicle applications. By specialty lighting we
`mean emergency lighting activated during power failures,
`fires or smoke accumulations in buildings, microscope, stage
`illuminators, billboard front-lighting, hazardous and difficult
`access location lighting, backlighting for signs, agricultural
`lighting etc.
`Energy Efficiency and Costs. In an example to illustrate
`the advantages of an energy efficient lighting solution, the
`total cost of lighting a typical 300 foot by 300-foot retail
`facility at 1000 lux over a 10 year period using state of the
`art (2002) HID luminaires is assessed. Including equipment,
`installation and maintenance cost the total bill is over one
`million dollars. Approximately 80% of this is in energy
`costs. The commodity being purchased is lighting, the major
`lifecycle cost is electricity. To cut down on costs and also
`conserve energy it desirable to maximize the use of light
`generated. A Japanese survey of office luminaires (Japan
`Lighting Information Services-Seminar-Save Energy of
`Office Lighting-Loss of light in luminaire-.htm) shows LF
`efficiencies (light that exits the fixture vs. the light produced
`by the lamp) in an open office fluorescent luminaire without
`anti-glare louvers to be 84% while one equipped with
`louvers is only 52% efficient. The "utilization factor" (which
`equals the light flux which arrives at a work site (e.g. upper
`surface of a desk) divided by the sum of all light flux of the
`lamp) is 74% for an open fixture and only 50% for louvered
`version. This however, is still not what the customer is
`paying for. The customer is after the best lighting solution at
`minimal energy cost. Chances are, as experienced lighting
`designers know, that the light intensity, even in a good
`lighting design, is still not evenly distributed over the work
`55 surfaces. While care is taken in the lighting design computer
`runs not to fall below the minimum illumination intensity at
`any point in the room, there are non-trivial excesses at some
`points in the lighting layout design. This excess light, wasted
`energy as far as the customer is concerned, probably
`60 accounts for another 10% loss. While a fluorescent may
`appear to be a superior and very efficient light source at 80
`lumen per watt vs. 30 lumen per watt for LEDs this is not
`actually the case, in actuality 60% of the fluorescent LF's
`light is wasted. Thus, in terms of energy use, a properly
`65 designed LED luminaire can be, with the proper luminaire
`design of the present invention, as effective lumen per lumen
`as any discharge light source in illuminating living areas.
`
`

`

`US 10,894,503 B2
`
`5
`Expressed in terms of the above background and nomen(cid:173)
`clature, it is the goal of this disclosure to teach how to
`construct a luminaire which will radiate photons where
`needed, exactly in the correct amounts to accomplish visual
`tasks and/or create an atmosphere. The controlled radiation
`of light into a living space with a specific spatial intensity
`distribution also having optimal spectral characteristics for
`the seeing tasks at hand is provided by the present invention.
`Each visual task application has its own correct lighting
`solution with optimal light intensities, light color emanating
`at angles which will not cause glare that interferes with
`vision or causes discomfort. Tasks in living spaces vary with
`time so it is another objective of the present invention is to
`provide the optimal lighting solution in "real time" (at that
`specific moment in time).
`As a light source of ever increasing choice, LEDs have
`been packaged in numerous forms and used in lighting
`applications. Special control circuits have been developed to
`take advantage of the variability offered by the new light
`source and are today being offered as a solution to specific 20
`applications. In general, however the design process has not
`zeroed in on providing the correct lighting solution. A
`number of LED illumination devices create "white" light by
`combining two or more LEDs of various wavelengths.
`White LEDs are also made using phosphors. The goal has 25
`not been to vary this color spectrum in real time to coordi(cid:173)
`nate with the usage of the living space. The term "white"
`light is loosely interpreted to cover a range of illuminating
`light having spectral light distributions acceptable to the user
`for that application. HPS' s yellow light has even been called 30
`white by some and the term is exclusive only of almost
`monochromatic sources such as LE