`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`____________________________________________
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`____________________________________________
`CLOVER NETWORK, LLC
`Petitioner,
`v.
`CLOUDOFCHANGE, LLC
`Patent Owner.
`_________________________________________
`Case IPR2023-00287
`U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`DECLARATION OF DR. TODD MOWRY IN SUPPORT OF
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CLOVER NETWORK 1002
`
`

`

`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Page
`I. 
`INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 
`PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND .................................................................... 1 
`II. 
`III.  RELEVANT LEGAL STANDARDS ................................................................... 5 
`IV.  LEVEL OF SKILL IN THE ART ......................................................................... 8 
`V. 
`TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND ...................................................................... 9 
`VI.  THE ’793 PATENT ............................................................................................. 14 
`A.  Overview of the ’793 patent...................................................................... 14 
`B. 
`Prosecution History of the ’793 patent ..................................................... 15 
`VII.  LISTING OF CLAIMS ....................................................................................... 19 
`VIII.  CLAIM CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................ 28 
`A. 
`“wherein the further information regarding the one or more POS
`transactions, the information used for creating or modifying the one or
`more POS screens, or a combination thereof comprises one or more of…”
`(all claims) ................................................................................................. 28 
`“display interfaces” (all claims) ................................................................ 29 
`“the input interface element” (claim 23) ................................................... 29 
`“the web server”/“the at least one web server” (claim 38) ....................... 30 
`“creating or modifying functionality of the one or POS terminals” (claim
`44) ............................................................................................................. 30 
`IX.  OVERVIEW OF THE PRIOR ART ................................................................... 31 
`A.  Overview of Woycik (EX1004) ................................................................ 31 
`B. 
`Overview of Tengler (EX1005) ................................................................ 32 
`THE PRIOR ART GROUNDS RELIED UPON HEREIN ARE
`DISTINCT FROM THOSE CONSIDERED DURING
`EXAMINATION ................................................................................................. 33 
`
`B. 
`C. 
`D. 
`E. 
`
`X. 
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`XI.  GROUND 1: WOYCIK IN VIEW OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF
`A PERSON OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART RENDERS
`CLAIMS 1-4, 7-28, AND 31-44 OBVIOUS ...................................................... 34 
`A. 
`Claim 1 ...................................................................................................... 34 
`1. 
`1[pre] ............................................................................................... 34 
`2. 
`1[a] .................................................................................................. 35 
`3. 
`1[c] .................................................................................................. 38 
`4. 
`1[d] .................................................................................................. 45 
`5. 
`1[e] .................................................................................................. 46 
`6. 
`1[f] .................................................................................................. 54 
`Claims 2 .................................................................................................... 59 
`B. 
`Claim 3 ...................................................................................................... 60 
`C. 
`Claim 7 ...................................................................................................... 63 
`E. 
`Claim 10 .................................................................................................... 67 
`G. 
`Claim 12 .................................................................................................... 69 
`H. 
`Claim 13 .................................................................................................... 71 
`I. 
`Claim 14 .................................................................................................... 74 
`J. 
`Claim 15 .................................................................................................... 75 
`K. 
`Claim 16 .................................................................................................... 76 
`L. 
`M.  Claim 17 .................................................................................................... 78 
`N. 
`Claims 18 .................................................................................................. 79 
`O. 
`Claim 19 .................................................................................................... 80 
`P. 
`Claim 21 .................................................................................................... 81 
`Q. 
`Claim 22 .................................................................................................... 82 
`R. 
`Claim 23 .................................................................................................... 83 
`S. 
`Claim 24 .................................................................................................... 86 
`T. 
`Claims 25 .................................................................................................. 87 
`U. 
`Claim 27 .................................................................................................... 90 
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`
`1. 
`27[pre] ............................................................................................. 91 
`27[a] ................................................................................................ 91 
`2. 
`27[c] ................................................................................................ 92 
`3. 
`27[d] ................................................................................................ 94 
`4. 
`27[e] ................................................................................................ 94 
`5. 
`27[f] ................................................................................................ 95 
`6. 
`27[g] ................................................................................................ 96 
`7. 
`Claims 28, 31-38, 40-41 ............................................................................ 96 
`V. 
`W.  Claim 39 .................................................................................................... 98 
`X. 
`Claim 42 .................................................................................................... 98 
`Y. 
`Claim 43 .................................................................................................... 99 
`Z. 
`Claim 44 .................................................................................................. 100 
`XII.  GROUND 2: TENGLER IN VIEW OF THE KNOWLEDGE
`OF A PERSON OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART
`RENDERS CLAIMS 1-4, 7-28, AND 31-44 OBVIOUS ................................. 101 
`A. 
`Claim 1 .................................................................................................... 101 
`1. 
`1[pre] ............................................................................................. 101 
`2. 
`1[a] ................................................................................................ 103 
`3. 
`1[c] ................................................................................................ 109 
`4. 
`1[d] ................................................................................................ 115 
`5. 
`1[e] ................................................................................................ 120 
`6. 
`1[f] ................................................................................................ 124 
`Claims 2 .................................................................................................. 132 
`Claim 3 .................................................................................................... 133 
`Claims 4 .................................................................................................. 135 
`Claim 7 .................................................................................................... 137 
`Claim 8 .................................................................................................... 138 
`Claim 10 .................................................................................................. 140 
`
`B. 
`C. 
`D. 
`E. 
`F. 
`G. 
`
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`
`H. 
`Claim 12 .................................................................................................. 143 
`Claim 13 .................................................................................................. 144 
`I. 
`Claim 14 .................................................................................................. 145 
`J. 
`Claim 15 .................................................................................................. 146 
`K. 
`Claim 16 .................................................................................................. 148 
`L. 
`M.  Claim 17 .................................................................................................. 150 
`N. 
`Claims 18 ................................................................................................ 151 
`O. 
`Claim 19 .................................................................................................. 153 
`P. 
`Claim 21 .................................................................................................. 155 
`Q. 
`Claim 22 .................................................................................................. 156 
`R. 
`Claim 23 .................................................................................................. 156 
`S. 
`Claim 24 .................................................................................................. 159 
`T. 
`Claims 25 ................................................................................................ 160 
`U. 
`Claim 27 .................................................................................................. 162 
`1. 
`27[pre] ........................................................................................... 162 
`3. 
`27[c] .............................................................................................. 163 
`4. 
`27[d] .............................................................................................. 165 
`5. 
`27[e] .............................................................................................. 165 
`6. 
`27[f] .............................................................................................. 166 
`7. 
`27[g] .............................................................................................. 166 
`Claims 28, 31-38, 40-41 .......................................................................... 167 
`V. 
`W.  Claim 39 .................................................................................................. 169 
`X. 
`Claim 42 .................................................................................................. 169 
`Y. 
`Claim 43 .................................................................................................. 170 
`Z. 
`Claim 44 .................................................................................................. 171 
`XIII.  CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 172 
`XIV.  AVAILABILITY FOR CROSS-EXAMINATION .......................................... 172 
`XV.  RIGHT TO SUPPLEMENT .............................................................................. 173 
`
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
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`XVI.  ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................... 173 
`
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`1. My name is Todd Mowry.
`
`2.
`
`I have been retained by Clover Network, LLC (“Clover”) to provide
`
`opinions in this proceeding related to U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793 (“’793 patent”).
`
`II.
`
`PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND
`3.
`I am a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Carnegie
`
`Mellon University. I also have a courtesy appointment in the Department of
`
`Electrical and Computer Engineering. I have served on the faculty of Carnegie
`
`Mellon University for 25 years starting in 1997 through the present (2022).
`
`4.
`
`As a faculty member, I have taught and continue to teach courses and
`
`directed research in computer systems and software, operating systems, distributed
`
`and network systems, object-oriented programming and design, and mobile
`
`computing.
`
`5.
`
`I also served on the faculty of the University of Toronto for four years
`
`between 1993 and 1997, in the Department of Electrical and Computer
`
`Engineering and with a courtesy appointment in the Department of Computer
`
`Science.
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`
`Prior to that appointment, I served as a Graduate Research Assistant in
`
`6.
`
`the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University for four years
`
`between 1989 and 1993.
`
`7.
`
`I received a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering with Highest
`
`Distinction from the University of Virginia in May 1988. I received an M.S. in
`
`Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in June 1989 and a Ph.D. in
`
`Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in March 1994.
`
`8.
`
`I have worked in the computer industry in various capacities. I was a
`
`part-time Computer Architect and then Computer Architecture Consultant at
`
`Silicon Graphics, Inc., in Mountain View, California (formerly MIPS Computer
`
`Systems in Sunnyvale, California) from 1989 to 1993 and 1993 to 1996,
`
`respectively.
`
`9.
`
`I was a Visiting Scientist at IBM in Toronto from 1996 to 2004.
`
`During that same time period (1996 to 2004), I was also a Member of the
`
`Technical Advisory Board of SandCraft, Inc. in Santa Clara, California. I was the
`
`Director of the Intel Research Pittsburgh Lab at Intel Corporation in Pittsburgh,
`
`Pennsylvania from 2004 to 2007.
`
`10.
`
`I have authored 19 journal articles and 60 conference papers. I am
`
`also an inventor on 5 patents. I am the recipient of several honors and awards: the
`
`2
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`Arthur Samuel Thesis Award (awarded by the Stanford Computer Science
`
`department to the top two Ph.D. theses in a given year), several IBM Faculty
`
`Development Awards (1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003), several
`
`Best Paper Awards (the Second Symposium on Operating Systems Design and
`
`Implementation in 1996; the 20th International Conference on Data Engineering
`
`(ICDE) in 2004), the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship (awarded to researchers
`
`in recognition of distinguished performance and a unique potential to make
`
`substantial contributions to their field), the Most Thought-Provoking Idea Award
`
`in 2004 (awarded by the Architectural Support for Programming Languages and
`
`Operating Systems (ASPLOS)), the TR100 Award in 1999 (awarded by MIT’s
`
`Technology Review magazine to the top 100 most promising young innovators in
`
`science and technology), and I became an ACM Fellow in 2016.
`
`11.
`
`I am a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
`
`(IEEE) and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM).
`
`12.
`
`I was the Editor-in-Chief of ACM Transactions on Computer
`
`Systems, the premier journal for computer systems research, from 2013-2018. I
`
`was an Associate Editor for the journal prior to that, since 2001.
`
`13.
`
`I was the Program Chair of the International Conference on
`
`Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
`
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
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`(ASPLOS) in 2010. I was the Co-Program Chair of the International Conference
`
`on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT) in 2001.
`
`14.
`
`I have been on the programming committee in various years for
`
`ASPLOS, the International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), the
`
`International Symposium on Microarchitectures, and the Workshop on
`
`Architectural and System Support for Improving Format.
`
`15. Overall, I have over 25 years of experience in the field of computer
`
`science, including relevant experience with web-based distributed software
`
`applications, programming environments, distributed systems, database
`
`management systems, and user interfaces.
`
`16. A copy of my curriculum vitae, including references to the
`
`publications I authored, is attached to my Report as Appendix A.
`
`17.
`
`In light of the foregoing, I consider myself to be an expert in the field
`
`of computer science, and I believe that I am qualified to provide an opinion as to
`
`what a person of ordinary skill in the art would have understood, known, or
`
`concluded regarding the subject matter of the ’793 patent at the time of its alleged
`
`invention.
`
`18.
`
`I am being compensated at my normal consulting rate of $650 an hour
`
`for my work. My compensation is not dependent on the outcome of this IPR
`
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`proceeding or related litigation, nor is my compensation tied to any positions I take
`
`in this Declaration, and therefore it does not affect the substance of my statements
`
`in this Declaration.
`
`19.
`
`I have no financial interest in Petitioner. I have no financial interest in
`
`the ’793 patent.
`
`III. RELEVANT LEGAL STANDARDS
`20.
`I am not an attorney. For purposes of this declaration, I have been
`
`informed about and understand certain aspects of the law that are relevant to my
`
`analysis and opinions.
`
`21.
`
`I have been informed and understand that a patent claim can be
`
`considered to have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time
`
`of the alleged invention. This means that, even if all the requirements of a claim
`
`are not found in a single prior art reference, the claim is not patentable if the
`
`differences between the subject matter in the prior art and the subject matter in the
`
`claim would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of
`
`the alleged invention.
`
`22.
`
`I have been informed and understand that a determination of whether
`
`a claim would have been obvious should be based upon several factors, including,
`
`among others:
`
`5
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
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` the level of ordinary skill in the art at the time the application was
`
`filed;
`
` the scope and content of the prior art; and
`
` what differences, if any, existed between the claimed invention and
`
`the prior art.
`
`23.
`
`I have been informed and understand that the teachings of two or
`
`more references may be combined if such a combination would have been obvious
`
`to one having ordinary skill in the art.
`
`24.
`
`In determining whether a combination based on multiple references
`
`would have been obvious, it is appropriate to consider, among other factors:
`
` whether the teachings of the prior art references disclose known
`
`concepts combined in familiar ways, and when combined, would yield
`
`predictable results;
`
` whether a person of ordinary skill in the art could implement a
`
`predictable variation, and would see the benefit of doing so;
`
` whether the claimed elements represent one of a limited number of
`
`known design choices, and would have a reasonable expectation of
`
`success by those skilled in the art;
`
`6
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`

`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`
` whether a person of ordinary skill would have recognized a reason to
`
`combine known elements in the manner described in the claim;
`
` whether there is some teaching or suggestion in the prior art to make
`
`the modification or combination of elements claimed in the patent;
`
`and
`
` whether the claimed invention applies a known technique that had
`
`been used to improve a similar device or method in a similar way.
`
`25.
`
`I have been informed and understand that one of ordinary skill in the
`
`art has ordinary creativity and is not an automaton.
`
`26.
`
`I have been informed and understand that in considering obviousness,
`
`it is important not to determine obviousness using the benefit of hindsight derived
`
`from the patent being considered.
`
`27.
`
`I have been informed and understand that for a patent’s claims to
`
`receive the benefit of priority of an earlier-filed application, every application in
`
`the priority chain leading to the application in question must support every
`
`limitation of the claim. This means that every parent application must describe
`
`every limitation of every claim and that it is not enough for the parent application
`
`to simply render obvious the claims of the child patent. I have been informed and
`
`understand that if a child patent includes claims that are greater in scope than the
`
`7
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`

`

`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`subject matter that the inventor chose to disclose to the public in the written
`
`description of the parent application, the parent application does not provide
`
`written description support for the claims of the child patent.
`
`28.
`
`I have been informed and understand that whether an application
`
`describes a patent’s claim limitations is known as the “written description
`
`requirement.” I have been informed and understand that to satisfy the written
`
`description requirement, the patent’s specification must describe the claimed
`
`invention in sufficient detail such that a person of ordinary skill in the art could
`
`reasonably conclude that the inventor had possession of the claimed invention at
`
`the time of filing.
`
`IV. LEVEL OF SKILL IN THE ART
`29.
`It is my understanding that when interpreting the claims of the ’793
`
`patent, I must do so based on the perspective of one of ordinary skill in the art at
`
`the relevant priority date. I understand that the earliest priority date for the ’793
`
`patent is February 5, 2008 (“the Critical Date”). For the purpose of this proceeding,
`
`I will consider the Critical Date to be the relevant date to ascertain the perspective
`
`of one of ordinary skill in the art.
`
`30.
`
`In my opinion, a person of ordinary skill in the art at the Critical Date
`
`would have been someone with a working knowledge of designing, developing and
`
`8
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`deploying web-based software and systems. A person of ordinary skill in the art
`
`would have a Bachelor of Science in computer science or a related field, and
`
`approximately two years of professional experience or equivalent study in the
`
`design and development of web-based software and systems, including web-based
`
`POS systems. Additional graduate education could substitute for professional
`
`experience, or significant experience in the field could substitute for formal
`
`education.
`
`V. TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND
`31. Web-based POS systems were known in the art. For example, Manno
`
`discloses a “web-based point of sale (WPOS) system.” EX1007, Abstract. Woycik
`
`discloses a web-based administrative tool for building and editing user interfaces
`
`of self-service POS kiosks. EX1004, Abstract. Olson discloses a web-based back-
`
`office system for managing POS terminal devices. EX1006, Abstract. Cusack
`
`discloses a “[s]ystem and method for facilitating real-time, web based point of sale
`
`operations.” EX1009, Abstract. Tomlinson discloses retail store tills coupled to a
`
`remote transaction server over the internet. EX1010, [57]. McNally discloses a
`
`method that “facilitates database equilibrium and synchronization with wired,
`
`wireless and Web-based systems, user-friendly and efficient generation of
`
`computerized menus and reservations for restaurants and other applications . . .
`
`9
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`

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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`information management and communication with host computer, digital input
`
`device or remote pager via standard hardwired connection, the internet, a wireless
`
`link or the like.” EX1021, Abstract. Mueller discloses “a ‘Web server,’” “POS
`
`server 105,” that communicates with terminal devices via the Internet. EX1008,
`
`[0036], [0033], [0057]. Tengler discloses “restaurant management software” that
`
`allows “a manager to access a management database of a quick-serve restaurant
`
`location remotely through a web interface.” EX1005, [0049], [0022].
`
`32. POS builder software was also known in the art. For example, Manno
`
`discloses the WPOS system allows a manager “to create or alter web pages on the
`
`store web sites . . . or to view any other commercial data for either store location in
`
`real time.” EX1007, [0051]. Woycik discloses “an administrative tool” that
`
`provides “a menu editor that enables the administrator to create and edit the
`
`interactive menu screens provided by the self-order application at the self-service
`
`client terminals.” EX1004, [0015], [0016]. Cohen discloses a “configuration
`
`builder suitable for use in configuring point of sale systems.” EX1020, 1:34-35.
`
`McNally discloses an “application that enables the rapid creation and building of a
`
`menu and provides a means to instantly download the menu configuration onto,
`
`e.g., a handheld device or Web page and to seamlessly interface with standard
`
`point of sale (‘POS’) systems.” EX1021, 3:16-20. Wagner discloses “[a] builder,
`
`10
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`

`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
`
`tester, and runtime integration system and method for a graphical touch user
`
`interface, such as a point-of-sale (POS) touch screen interface system.” EX1022,
`
`Abstract. Tengler discloses “user interface designer 614 [that] allows management
`
`to edit the user interface of the register and self-service applications and also saves
`
`the specifications in the database 602” on main server 464. EX1005, [0103],
`
`[0116]. I also understand that Patent Owner stated during a prior litigation that it
`
`“does not dispute that the prior art discloses POS builder software.” EX1012, 7 n.3.
`
`33. The background of the ’793 patent references prior art Eisenbrandt,
`
`which discloses “a user configurable interface” that permits users to “configure
`
`display screens either at a point of sale location or at home with, e.g., a personal
`
`computer.” EX1001, 1:54-58 (citing Eisenbrandt). The ’793 patent also references
`
`prior art Cohen, which discloses “a configuration builder” for configuring POS
`
`systems. Id., 1:63-67 (citing Cohen).
`
`34. Web-based access to POS builder systems was also known in the art.
`
`For example, Manno discloses “[a]t a management location 54, which can be
`
`anywhere where there is access to the Internet 18 (or to a LAN at either store
`
`location or at the headquarters location), an authorized management employee or
`
`officer can access the WPOS system using a standard Internet or web-enabled
`
`device such as laptop computer 56, PDA or cell phone 58, or desktop computer
`
`11
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`

`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
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`60.” EX1007, [0051]. Woycik discloses the Internet “can also be used by the
`
`administrators to access the administrative tools remotely using a standard web
`
`browser.” EX1004, [0121]. Mueller discloses “a ‘Web server,’” “POS server 105
`
`… that may be accessed via the Web and allows communication with the POS
`
`server 105 in a manner known in the art.” EX1008, [0036]. Tengler discloses that
`
`“[m]anagers access information about the restaurant 2 using the web server 620
`
`and interfaces 192 and 196,” and that “managers can … modify menus and change
`
`prices using interfaces 192 and 196.” EX1005, [0109], [0073]. Likewise, POS
`
`builder interfaces allowing programmatic creation and editing of user interfaces,
`
`including POS screens and web pages, were also known. For example, Woycik
`
`discloses POS builder screens and their operation in Figs. 11-13 and 20-22 and
`
`related discussions in the specification. EX1004, Figs. 11-13, 20-22, [0041]-
`
`[0043], [0050]-[0052]. Tengler discloses POS builder screens and describes their
`
`operation in related discussions in the specification. E.g., EX1005, Fig. 7A, [0039].
`
`Bernardo discloses more generalized builder screens that could be used to build
`
`POS screens and describes the same. E.g., EX1026, Figs. 4-29, 4:3-59.
`
`35. Using the Internet for communications between a POS server and
`
`POS terminals was known. For example, Woycik discloses that “central server 22”
`
`is configured to communicate with kiosks 16, 30, and/or 36 over a network
`
`12
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`Declaration of Dr. Todd Mowry
`
`
` In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 11,226,793
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`comprising “Internet 18.” EX1004, [0071]. Woycik also discloses the Internet can
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`“be used by the administrators to access the administrative tools remotely using a
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`standard web browser.” EX1005, [0121]. Mueller discloses “[c]ommunication
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`between … [POS terminals] 120 and the POS server 105 may be … over the
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`Internet through a Web site maintained by POS server 105 on a remote server.”
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`EX1008, [0034]. Manno discloses “[a] network or web-based point of sale
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`(WPOS) system employs a store server and point-of-sale client computers that are
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`connected … over the Internet to the server.” EX1004, Abstract. Wetmore
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`discloses “[t]ypically, the system 100 includes … one or more product information
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`servers 104, and one or more point-of-sale terminals 106” that “communicate with
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`each other via … the Internet or some other wide area network.” EX1015, [0011].
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`Thompson discloses POS terminals connecting to a server over the Internet.
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`EX1013, Fig. 10. And Olson discloses the “[t]he POS terminals and web servers