`
`
`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`In re Patent of: Maged F. Barsoum et al.
`U.S. Patent No.:
`10,693,700 Attorney Docket No.: 19688-0196IP1
`Issue Date:
`June 23, 2020
`
`Appl. Serial No.: 16/726,037
`
`Filing Date:
`December 23, 2019
`
`Title:
`RECEIVERS INCORPORATING NON-UNIFORM
`MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTELLATIONS AND CODE RATE
`PAIRS
`
`
`
`Mail Stop Patent Board
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF UNITED STATES PATENT
`NO. 10,693,700 PURSUANT TO 35 U.S.C. §§ 311–319, 37 C.F.R. § 42
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.
`
`REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.104 ............................ 1
`
`A. Standing .................................................................................................... 1
`
`B. Challenge and Relief Requested ............................................................... 1
`
`II.
`
`OVERVIEW OF THE ’700 PATENT ............................................................ 4
`
`A. Brief Description of the ’700 Patent ......................................................... 4
`
`B. Summary of the Prosecution History of the ’700 Patent .......................... 8
`
`C. Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art ............................................................. 9
`
`III. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................ 9
`
`IV. APPLICATION OF PRIOR ART TO THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ......10
`
`A. Ground 1A: Eroz in view of DVB-T render claims 1, 8, 10, 11, 18, 20,
`
`21, 28, and 30 obvious ............................................................................10
`
`1. Overview of Eroz ..........................................................................10
`
`2. Overview of DVB-T ......................................................................13
`
`3.
`
`Combination of Eroz and DVB-T .................................................19
`
`4. Manner in which the EDC renders the Challenged Claims obvious
`
` .......................................................................................................23
`
`B. Ground 1B: EDC and DeGaudenzi render claims 1, 6, 8, 10-11, 16, 18,
`
`20-21, 26, 28, and 30 obvious .................................................................49
`
`i
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`1. Overview of DeGaudenzi ..............................................................49
`
`2.
`
`Combination of EDC+DeGaudenzi ..............................................57
`
`3. Manner in which the EDC+DeGaudenzi render claims 1, 6, 8, 10-
`
`11, 16, 18, 20-21, 26, 28, and 30 obvious .....................................59
`
`C. Ground 2A: EDC and Sommer render claims 4, 14, and 24 obvious ....66
`
`1. Overview of Sommer ....................................................................66
`
`2.
`
`Combination of EDC+Sommer .....................................................69
`
`3. Manner in which the EDC+Sommer renders the Claims 4, 14, and
`
`24 obvious .....................................................................................72
`
`D. Ground 3A: EDC and DVB-S2 render claims 7, 17, and 27 obvious ....75
`
`1. Overview of DVB-S2 ....................................................................75
`
`2.
`
`Combination of EDC+DVB-S2 ....................................................77
`
`3. Manner in which the EDC+DVB-S2 renders the Claims 7, 17, and
`
`27 obvious .....................................................................................80
`
`E. Ground 4A: EDC and DVB-TS, render claims 9, 19, and 29 obvious ..85
`
`1. Overview of DVB-TS ...................................................................85
`
`2.
`
`Combination of EDC+DVB-TS ....................................................86
`
`3. Manner in which the EDC+DVB-TS renders the Claims 9, 19, and
`
`29 obvious .....................................................................................87
`
`F. Ground 2B-4B:........................................................................................91
`
`ii
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`THE ADVANCED BIONICS TEST FAVORS INSTITUTION—§ 325(D) .92
`
`V.
`
`VI. DISCRETIONARY DENIAL IS NOT MERITED IN VIEW OF
`
`PETITIONER’S SOTERA STIPULATION ..................................................93
`
`VII. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................94
`
`VIII. PAYMENT OF FEES – 37 C.F.R. § 42.103 .................................................94
`
`IX. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R § 42.8(a)(1) .........................94
`
`A. Real Parties-In-Interest Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1) ...........................94
`
`B. Related Matters Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2) .......................................94
`
`C. Lead And Back-Up Counsel Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3) ...................95
`
`D. Service Information ................................................................................95
`
`
`
`iii
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`
`EXHIBITS
`
`LGE1001
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`
`LGE1002
`
`Prosecution History for U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`LGE1003
`
`Expert Declaration of Dr. Bertrand Hochwald
`
`LGE1004
`
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2004/0054960 to Eroz et al. (“Eroz”)
`
`LGE1005
`
`LGE1006
`
`LGE1007
`
`LGE1008
`
`LGE1009
`
`ETSI EN 300 744 V1.2.1, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);
`Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital
`terrestrial television, July 1999 (“DVB-T”)
`
`D. Sommer and G.P. Fettweis, Signal Shaping by Non-Uniform
`QAM for AWGN Channels and Applications Using Turbo
`Coding, January 2000 (“Sommer”)
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`Ulrich Reimers et al., DVB The Family of International
`Standards for Digital Video Broadcasting, Second Edition,
`2005 (“Ulrich”)
`
`ETSI EN 302 307 V1.1.2, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);
`Second generation framing structure, channel coding and
`modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services,
`News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications,
`June, 2006 (“DVB-S2”)
`
`LGE1010
`
`U.S. Provisional application No. 60/933,319 (“’319
`Provisional”)
`
`LGE1011
`
`Declaration of June Munford
`
`LGE1012
`
`Stipulation by Petitioner, LGE, Constellation Designs, LLC v.
`LG Electronics, Inc. et al, Case No. 2:21-cv-00448 (E.D. Tex.)
`
`iv
`
`
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`LGE1013
`
`LGE1014
`
`LGE1016
`
`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`ETSI TS 102 006 V1.2.1, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);
`Specifications for System Software Update in DVB Systems,
`October 2002 (“DVB-TS”)
`
`De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK modulations design for
`satellite broadband communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun.
`Network. 2006; 24:261–281, Published online 19 May 2006 in
`Wiley InterScience (“DeGaudenzi”)
`
`G. Robins, Signal constellation design tool: A case study in
`user interface synthesis, International Conference on Computer
`Assisted Learning, 1989. First Online: 01 January 2005.
`(“Robins”)
`
`LGE1017
`
`Declaration of Friedhelm Rodermund
`
`LGE1018
`
`LGE1019
`
`LGE1020
`
`LGE1021
`
`Memorandum, Interim Procedure for Discretionary Denials in
`AIA Post-Grant Proceedings with Parallel District Court
`Litigation (USPTO June 21, 2022) (“Interim Procedure”)
`
`Docket Control Order, Constellation Designs, LLC v. LG
`Electronics, Inc. et al, Case No. 2:21-cv-00448 (E.D. Tex.)
`
`Complaint, Constellation Designs, LLC v. LG Electronics, Inc.
`et al, Case No. 2:21-cv-00448 (E.D. Tex.)
`
`Proakis, John G. Digital Communications, Fourth Edition,
`2000. (“Proakis”)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`v
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`
`LIST OF CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`
`Claim 1
`
`[1pre] A communication system, comprising:
`
`[1a]
`
`a receiver capable of receiving signals via a communication channel
`
`having a channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein the receiver
`
`comprises:
`
`[1b]
`
`a demodulator capable of demodulating a received signal into a
`
`demodulated signal;
`
`[1c]
`
`a demapper, coupled to the demodulator, capable of determining
`
`likelihoods using the demodulated signal and a multidimensional
`
`symbol constellation selected from a plurality of multidimensional
`
`symbol constellations; and
`
`[1d]
`
`a decoder, coupled to the demapper, capable of using the likelihoods
`
`determined by the demapper to provide a sequence of received bits
`
`based upon a low density parity check (LDPC) code;
`
`vi
`
`
`
`[1e]
`
`wherein the plurality of multidimensional symbol constellations
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`comprises a plurality of different non-uniform multidimensional
`
`symbol constellations having the same number of constellation points,
`
`where the constellation points are non-uniformly spaced in each
`
`degree of freedom available to the multidimensional symbol
`
`constellations;
`
`[1f]
`
`wherein the receiver is capable of selecting an LDPC code rate and
`
`multidimensional symbol constellation pair from a plurality of
`
`predetermined LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation pairs, where each of the plurality of different non-
`
`uniform multidimensional symbol constellations is only included in
`
`one of the plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate and
`
`multidimensional symbol constellation pairs.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`vii
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`
`
`Claim 4
`
`[4]
`
`The communication system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality
`
`of different non-uniform multidimensional symbol constellations is
`
`capable of providing a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific
`
`SNR than a similar multidimensional symbol constellation at the same
`
`SNR, where the similar multidimensional symbol constellation differs
`
`only in that the constellation points in the similar multidimensional
`
`symbol constellation are uniformly spaced in each degree of freedom.
`
`Claim 6
`
`[6]
`
`The communication system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality
`
`of different non-uniform multidimensional symbol constellations are
`
`characterized by the assignment of labels and spacing of constellation
`
`points so as to maximize parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR
`
`subject to at least one constraint.
`
`Claim 7
`
`[7a]
`
`The communication system of claim 1, wherein: the receiver is
`
`capable of measuring the quality of the communication channel;
`
`viii
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`
`[7b]
`
`the receiver is capable of selecting an LDPC code rate and
`
`multidimensional symbol constellation pair from a plurality of
`
`predetermined LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation pairs based at least in part on a quality measurement;
`
`[7c]
`
`the receiver is capable of sending a request to a remote transmitter to
`
`use a selected LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation pair.
`
`
`
`Claim 8
`
`[8]
`
`The communication system of claim 1, wherein the demodulator is
`
`capable of using a demodulation scheme that is based on phase shift
`
`keying and the degrees of freedom available to the multidimensional
`
`symbol constellations are amplitude and phase.
`
`Claim 9
`
`[9]
`
`The communication system of claim 1, wherein the receiver is capable
`
`of substituting the plurality of multidimensional symbol constellations
`
`by an upgrade to at least one of the receiver software and firmware.
`
`ix
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`
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`Claim 10
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`[10pre] The communication system of claim 1, further comprising a
`
`transmitter capable of transmitting signals via the communication
`
`channel, where the transmitter comprises:
`
`[10a]
`
`a coder capable of receiving bits and outputting encoded bits using the
`
`Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code;
`
`[10b]
`
`a mapper, coupled to the coder, capable of mapping the encoded bits
`
`to symbols in the selected multidimensional symbol constellation; and
`
`[10c]
`
`a modulator, coupled to the mapper, capable of generating a signal for
`
`transmission via the communication channel based upon symbols
`
`selected by the mapper.
`
`Claim 11
`
`[11pre] A communication system, comprising:
`
`[11a]
`
`a receiver that receives signals via a communication channel having a
`
`channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein the receiver comprises:
`
`[11b]
`
`a demodulator that demodulates a received signal into a demodulated
`
`signal;
`
`x
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`
`[11c]
`
`a demapper that determines likelihoods using the demodulated signal
`
`and a multidimensional symbol constellation selected from a plurality
`
`of multidimensional symbol constellations; and
`
`[11d]
`
`a decoder that uses the likelihoods determined by the demapper to
`
`provide a sequence of received bits based upon a low density parity
`
`check (LDPC) code;
`
`[11e] wherein the demapper is interposed between the demodulator and the
`
`decoder and the demapper receives information from the demodulator
`
`and provides information to the decoder;
`
`[11f] wherein the plurality of multidimensional symbol constellations
`
`comprises a plurality of different non-uniform multidimensional
`
`symbol constellations having the same number of constellation points,
`
`where the constellation points are non-uniformly spaced in each
`
`degree of freedom available to the multidimensional symbol
`
`constellations;
`
`xi
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`
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`[11g] wherein the receiver selects an LDPC code rate and multidimensional
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`symbol constellation pair from a plurality of predetermined LDPC
`
`code rate and multidimensional symbol constellation pairs, where
`
`each of the plurality of different non-uniform multidimensional
`
`symbol constellations is only included in one of the plurality of
`
`predetermined LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation pairs.
`
`
`
`
`
`Claim 14
`
`[14]
`
`The communication system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality
`
`of different non-uniform multidimensional symbol constellations has
`
`a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR than a similar
`
`multidimensional symbol constellation at the same SNR, where the
`
`similar multidimensional symbol constellation differs only in that the
`
`constellation points in the similar multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation are uniformly spaced in each degree of freedom.
`
`Claim 16
`
`xii
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`
`[16]
`
`The communication system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality
`
`of different non-uniform multidimensional symbol constellations are
`
`characterized by the assignment of labels and spacing of constellation
`
`points so as to maximize parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR
`
`subject to at least one constraint.
`
`Claim 17
`
`[17a]
`
`The communication system of claim 11, wherein: the receiver
`
`measures the quality of the communication channel;
`
`[17b]
`
`the receiver selects an LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation pair from a plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate
`
`and multidimensional symbol constellation pairs based at least in part
`
`on a quality measurement;
`
`[17c]
`
`the receiver sends a request to a remote transmitter to use a selected
`
`LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol constellation pair.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`Claim 18
`
`[18]
`
`The communication system of claim 11, wherein the demodulator
`
`uses a demodulation scheme that is based on phase shift keying and
`
`the degrees of freedom available to the multidimensional symbol
`
`constellations are amplitude and phase.
`
`Claim 19
`
`[19]
`
`The communication system of claim 11, wherein the receiver can
`
`substitute the plurality of multidimensional symbol constellations by
`
`an upgrade to at least one of the receiver software and firmware.
`
`Claim 20
`
`[20pre] The communication system of claim 11, further comprising a
`
`transmitter that transmits signals via the communication channel,
`
`where the transmitter comprises:
`
`[20a]
`
`a coder that receives bits and outputs encoded bits using the Low
`
`Density Parity Check (LDPC) code;
`
`[20b]
`
`a mapper that maps the encoded bits to symbols in the selected
`
`multidimensional symbol constellation; and
`
`xiv
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`[20c]
`
`a modulator that generates a signal for transmission via the
`
`communication channel based upon symbols selected by the mapper;
`
`[20d] wherein the mapper is interposed between the modulator and the
`
`coder and the mapper receives information from the coder and
`
`provides information to the modulator.
`
`Claim 21
`
`[21pre] A communication system, comprising:
`
`[21a]
`
`a receiver that receives signals via a communication channel having a
`
`channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein the receiver uses a
`
`multidimensional symbol constellation to transform the received
`
`signals into received bits and the multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation is selected from a plurality of multidimensional symbol
`
`constellations;
`
`xv
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`
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`[21b] wherein the plurality of multidimensional symbol constellations
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
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`comprises a plurality of different non-uniform multidimensional
`
`symbol constellations having the same number of constellation points,
`
`where the constellation points are non-uniformly spaced in each
`
`degree of freedom available to the multidimensional symbol
`
`constellations;
`
`[21c] wherein the receiver selects an LDPC code rate and multidimensional
`
`symbol constellation pair from a plurality of predetermined LDPC
`
`code rate and multidimensional symbol constellation pairs, where
`
`each of the plurality of different non-uniform multidimensional
`
`symbol constellations is only included in one of the plurality of
`
`predetermined LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation pairs.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`xvi
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
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`
`Claim 24
`
`[24]
`
` The communication system of claim 21, wherein each of the plurality
`
`of different non-uniform multidimensional symbol constellations has
`
`a greater parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR than a similar
`
`multidimensional symbol constellation at the same SNR, where the
`
`similar multidimensional symbol constellation differs only in that the
`
`constellation points in the similar multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation are uniformly spaced in each degree of freedom.
`
`Claim 26
`
`[26]
`
` The communication system of claim 21, wherein each of the plurality
`
`of different non-uniform multidimensional symbol constellations are
`
`characterized by the assignment of labels and spacing of constellation
`
`points so as to maximize parallel decoding capacity at a specific SNR
`
`subject to at least one constraint.
`
`Claim 27
`
`[27a]
`
` The communication system of claim 21, wherein:
`
`the receiver measures the quality of the communication channel;
`
`xvii
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`[27b]
`
`the receiver selects an LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation pair from a plurality of predetermined LDPC code rate
`
`and multidimensional symbol constellation pairs based at least in part
`
`on a quality measurement; and
`
`[27c]
`
`the receiver sends a request to a remote transmitter to use a selected
`
`LDPC code rate and multidimensional symbol constellation pair.
`
`Claim 28
`
`[28]
`
`The communication system of claim 21, wherein the receiver uses a
`
`demodulation scheme that is based on phase shift keying and the
`
`degrees of freedom available to the multidimensional symbol
`
`constellations are amplitude and phase.
`
`Claim 29
`
`[29]
`
`The communication system of claim 21, wherein the receiver can
`
`substitute the plurality of multidimensional symbol constellations by
`
`an upgrade to at least one of the receiver software and firmware.
`
`
`
`
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`xviii
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`
`Claim 30
`
`[30]
`
` The communication system of claim 21, further comprising a
`
`transmitter that transmits signals via the communication channel,
`
`where the transmitter uses the selected multidimensional symbol
`
`constellation to transform encoded bits into the transmitted signals.
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`xix
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`LG Electronics, Inc. (“Petitioner” or “LGE”) petitions for inter partes review
`
`(“IPR”) of claims 1, 4, 6-11, 14, 16-21, 24, and 26-30 (“the Challenged Claims”)
`
`of U.S. Patent 10,693,700 (“the ’700 Patent”). As explained in this Petition, there
`
`exists a reasonable likelihood that the Challenged Claims are unpatentable.
`
`
`
`I. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.104
`
`A. Standing
`
`Petitioner certifies that the ’700 Patent is available for IPR. Petitioner is not
`
`barred or estopped from requesting this review. Petitioner was served with a
`
`complaint of infringement of the ’700 Patent less than one year ago. LGE1020.
`
`B. Challenge and Relief Requested
`
`Petitioner requests IPR of the Challenged Claims on the grounds1 identified
`
`in the table below. Accompanying explanations and support are provided in Dr.
`
`Hochwald’s Declaration (LGE1003).
`
`
`
`
`1 Petitioner is not conceding that each challenged claim satisfies all statutory
`
`requirements, such as 35 U.S.C. § 112. As this is an IPR petition, Petitioner is
`
`asserting prior art-based grounds. Petitioner is not waiving any arguments
`
`concerning other grounds that can only be raised in district court.
`
`1
`
`
`
`Ground
`
`Claims
`
`Prior Art Basis
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`1A
`
`1B
`
`2A
`
`2B
`
`3A
`
`3B
`
`4A
`
`4B
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`
`
`1, 8, 10-11, 18, 20-21, 28,
`30
`
`§103 – Eroz in view of DVB-T
`
`1, 6, 8, 10-11, 16, 18, 20-
`21, 26, 28, 30
`
`§103 – Eroz in view of DVB-T and
`DeGaudenzi
`
`4, 14, 24,
`
`4, 14, 24,
`
`7, 17, 27
`
`7, 17, 27
`
`9, 19, 29
`
`9, 19, 29
`
`§103 – Eroz in view of DVB-T and
`Sommer
`
`§103 – Eroz in view of DVB-T and
`Sommer and DeGaudenzi
`
`§103 – Eroz in view of DVB-T and
`DVB-S2
`
`§103 – Eroz in view of DVB-T and
`DVB-S2 and DeGaudenzi
`
`§103 – Eroz in view of DVB-T and
`DVB-TS
`
`§103 – Eroz in view of DVB-T and
`DVB-TS and DeGaudenzi
`
`The ’700 Patent was filed on Dec. 23, 2019 and claims priority from U.S.
`
`Provisional application No. 60/933,319 (“’319 Provisional” or LGE1010), which
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`was filed on June 5, 2007. While Petitioner does not concede that the ’700 Patent
`
`should be afforded a priority date of June 5, 2007, each of the references asserted in
`
`this petition (as shown in the table below) qualifies as prior art even if the June 5,
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`2007 date of the provisional application is used as the priority date of the ’700 Patent.
`
`The declarations of Friedhelm Rodermund (LGE1017) and June Munford
`
`(LGE1011) provide additional information regarding the public availability of the
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`non-patent literature references listed in the table.
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`2
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`
`Reference
`
`Date
`
`Section
`
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2004/0054960 (“Eroz” or
`
`March 18, 2004
`
`102(a)
`
`LGE1004)
`
`ETSI EN 300 744 V1.2.1 (DVB-T) (“DVB-T”
`
`July, 1997
`
`102(a)/(b)
`
`or LGE1005)
`
`
`
`D. Sommer and G.P. Fettweis, Signal Shaping
`
`January 2000
`
`102(a)/(b)
`
`by Non-Uniform QAM for AWGN Channels
`
`and Applications Using Turbo Coding, January
`
`2000 (“Sommer” or LGE1006)
`
`De Gaudenzi et al., Turbo-coded APSK
`
`July/August 2006 102(a)/(b)
`
`modulations design for satellite broadband
`
`communications, Int. J. Satell. Commun.
`
`Network. 2006; 24:261–281, Published online
`
`19 May 2006 in Wiley InterScience
`
`(“DeGaudenzi” or LGE1014)
`
`ETSI EN 302 307 V1.1.2 (“DVB-S2” or
`
`June, 2006
`
`102(a)/(b)
`
`LGE1009)
`
`ETSI TS 102 006 V1.2.1, Digital Video
`
`Oct., 2002
`
`102(a)/(b)
`
`Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for System
`
`Software Update in DVB System, Oct. 2002
`
`(“DVB-TS” or LGE1013)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3
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`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
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`
`II. OVERVIEW OF THE ’700 PATENT
`
`A. Brief Description of the ’700 Patent
`
`The ’700 Patent is directed to communication systems that use
`
`geometrically-shaped constellations. LGE1001, Abstract. In communication
`
`systems, the term “‘constellation’ is used to describe the possible symbols that can
`
`be transmitted by a typical digital communication system.” Id., 1:42-44. When a
`
`transmitter transmits data symbols, a “receiver attempts to detect the symbols that
`
`were transmitted by mapping a received signal to the constellation.” Id., 1:42-46;
`
`LGE1003, ¶¶[0045]-[0049].
`
`Figure 1 (reproduced below) shows a communication system 10 according to
`
`the ’700 Patent, which includes “a source 12 that provides user bits to a transmitter
`
`14,” which in turn “transmits symbols over a channel to a receiver 16 using a
`
`predetermined modulation scheme.” LGE1001, 5:32-35. Using knowledge of the
`
`modulation scheme, the receiver 16 decodes the signal and provides the decoded bits
`
`to a sink device 18 connected to the receiver 16. Id., 5:33-35; LGE1003, ¶¶[0049]-
`
`[0050].
`
`4
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`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`LGE1001, FIG. 1.
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 2 (reproduced below) of the ’700 Patent depicts the transmitter 14 and
`
`its components, which include a coder 20, a mapper 22, and a modulator 24.
`
`LGE1001, 3:45-46, 5:40-51. FIG. 3 (reproduced below) of the ’700 Patent depicts
`
`the receiver 16 and its components, which include a demodulator 30, a demapper 32,
`
`and a decoder 34. LGE1001, 3:47-48, 5:53-59; LGE1003, ¶¶[0050-0051].
`
`5
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`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`LGE1001, FIGS. 2-3. 2
`
`
`
`The coder 20 of the transmitter 14 “receives user bits from a source and
`
`encodes the bits in accordance with a predetermined coding scheme,” such as a
`
`capacity approaching code (e.g., turbo code, LDPC code) or other coding schemes
`
`that provide a coding gain. LGE1001, 5:40-44. A mapper 22 connected to the coder
`
`“maps the bits output by the coder to a symbol within a geometrically distributed
`
`
`2 Annotations to this and other figures in this petition are indicated by colored text
`
`and/or marks.
`
`6
`
`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`signal constellation stored within the mapper” and “provides the symbols to a
`
`modulator 24, which modulates the symbols for transmission via the channel.” Id.,
`
`5:46-51. The mapper of the transmitter encodes bits to symbols in a symbol
`
`constellation
`
`that “is a capacity optimized geometrically spaced symbol
`
`constellation that provides a given capacity at a reduced signal-to-noise ratio
`
`compared to a signal constellation that maximizes dmin.” Id., 2:52-55, 2:56-62, 4:66-
`
`5:3. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is “defined as the ratio of the average constellation
`
`energy per dimension to the average noise energy per dimension.” Id., 7:52-54. The
`
`’700 Patent explains that “capacity optimized constellation at low SNRs are
`
`geometrically shaped constellations
`
`that can achieve significantly higher
`
`performance gains (measured as reduction in minimum required SNR) than
`
`constellations that maximize dmin.” Id., 8:25-29; LGE1003, ¶¶[0051]-[0052].
`
`Receiver 16 of FIG. 3 “includes a demodulator 30 that demodulates a signal
`
`received via the channel to obtain symbol or bit likelihoods” and a demapper 32 that
`
`“uses knowledge of the geometrically shaped symbol constellation used by the
`
`transmitter to determine these likelihoods.” LGE1001, 5:54-58. The demapper also
`
`“provides the likelihoods to a decoder 34 that decodes the encoded bit stream to
`
`provide a sequence of received bits to a sink.” Id., 5:58-60; LGE1003, ¶[0053].
`
`The ’700 Patent discloses that “[t]ransmitters and receivers … utilize
`
`geometrically shaped symbol constellations” and that a geometrically shaped
`
`7
`
`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`symbol constellation can be “used that optimizes the capacity of the constellation.”
`
`LGE1001, 5:62-66. Various factors dictate the selection of a constellation, including
`
`whether the code rate is fixed and specific performance requirements (e.g., specified
`
`bit rate, a maximum transmit power). Id., 5:66-6:1, 6:7-8. The ’700 Patent states
`
`that in “many embodiments, a geometrically shaped constellation is used to replace
`
`a conventional constellation (i.e. a constellation maximized for dmin) in the mapper
`
`of transmitters and the demapper of receivers within a communication system.” Id.,
`
`6:8-13. Moreover, a conventional communication system can easily substitute a
`
`conventional constellation with a “geometrically shaped constellation that provides
`
`a capacity, which is greater than the capacity of a constellation maximized for dmin,”
`
`by way of firmware or software upgrades of the transmitter/receiver. Id., 6:25-32;
`
`LGE1003, ¶¶[0054]-[0055].
`
`B. Summary of the Prosecution History of the ’700 Patent
`
`The ’700 Patent issued on June 23, 2020 and was filed as a Track 1 application
`
`on December 23, 2019. LGE1001, 1; LGE1002, 1,153. Although several IDSs were
`
`submitted during prosecution, the Examiner did not rely on any reference cited in an
`
`IDS for rejections and did not issue any Office Action during prosecution. See
`
`generally LGE1002; LGE1003, ¶[0056].
`
`
`
`
`
`8
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`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`C. Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`
`For purposes of this IPR, Petitioner submits that a person of ordinary skill in
`
`the art at the time of the alleged invention (a “POSITA”) would have had at least a
`
`Master’s degree in an academic area emphasizing electrical engineering or a similar
`
`discipline, and at least two years of experience in the field working with, teaching,
`
`or researching communication systems including the use of constellations in
`
`transmitting signals between devices. LGE1003, ¶[21-23]. Superior education
`
`could compensate for a deficiency in work experience, and vice-versa. Id.
`
`
`
`III. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
`
`Petitioner submits no claim constructions are necessary. See Nidec Motor
`
`Corp. v. Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co., 868 F.3d 1013, 1017 (Fed. Cir. 2017)
`
`(“need only construe terms ‘that are in controversy, and only to the extent necessary
`
`to resolve the controversy’” (quoting Vivid Techs., Inc. v. Am. Sci. & Eng’g, Inc.,
`
`200 F.3d 795, 803 (Fed. Cir. 1999))). Petitioner reserves the right to respond to any
`
`constructions offered/adopted by Patent Owner or the Board.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9
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`
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`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`IV. APPLICATION OF PRIOR ART TO THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`
`A. Ground 1A: Eroz in view of DVB-T render claims 1, 8, 10,
`11, 18, 20, 21, 28, and 30 obvious
`
`1. Overview of Eroz3
`
`Eroz is a U.S. Patent Publication entitled “Method and System for providing
`
`Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Encoding.” LGE1004, cover. Like the ’700
`
`Patent, Eroz discloses that “a communications system configured to utilize Low
`
`Density Parity Check (LPDC) codes,” and that “generates signal waveforms across
`
`a communication channel to a receiver.” LGE1004, ¶[0030]; LGE1001, 4:62-5:51.
`
`Eroz’s FIG. 1 (reproduced below) depicts an example communication system 100
`
`that “includes a transmitter 101 that generates signal waveforms across a
`
`communication channel 103 to a receiver 105.” LGE1004, ¶[0030], FIG. 1. The
`
`“signal waveforms are attenuated, or otherwise altered, by communications channel
`
`103. Id. Transmitter 101 can include an LDPC encoder 203 and modulator 205 to
`
`transmit LDPC codes. LGE1004, ¶¶[0030]-[0058], FIGS. 2A, 2B; LGE1003,
`
`¶¶[0057, 0060].
`
`
`3 General descriptions provided for this and other references and combinations
`
`thereof are incorporated into each subsection and mapping of the claims that
`
`includes citations to these references.
`
`10
`
`
`
`Attorney Docket No 19688-0196IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 10,693,700
`
`
`LGE1004, FIG. 1.
`
`
`
`Eroz’s FIG. 3 (reproduced below) depicts an example receiver 105/300
`
`receiving signals via antenna 303. LGE1004, FIG. 3. The “receiver 300 includes a
`
`demodulator 301 that performs demodulation of received signals from transmitter
`
`200,” “a de
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