United States Patent (19)
`Baran
`
`(54)
`
`METHOD AND CELL BASED WIDE AREA
`NETWORKALTERNATIVE ACCESS
`TELEPHONE AND DATA SYSTEM
`
`(75)
`
`Inventor: Paul Baran, Atherton, Calif.
`
`(73)
`
`Assignee: COM 21, Inc., Mountain View, Calif.
`
`21
`22)
`
`Appl. No. 336,325
`Filcd:
`Nov. 8, 1994
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Continuation of Ser. No. 953,744, Sep. 29, 1992, abandoned.
`Int. Cl." ... H04L 12/56
`U.S. Cl. ................... 370/60.1; 370/942; 340/825.52
`Field of Search ........................... 370/60, 60.1, 85.8,
`370/94.1, 94.2, 94.3, 95.2, 110.1; 340/825.08,
`825.52, 825.53; 379/201, 211, 216, 219,
`220, 57,269; 455/5.1; 358/85, 86
`
`References Cited
`
`(63)
`(51)
`52)
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2,957,047 10/1960 Wennemer .............................. 379/211
`4,191,860 3/1980 Weber ....................................... 179/18
`4,245,245
`1/1981 Matsumoro et al.
`... 358/122
`4,356,484 10/1982 Eckhardt ..............
`340/825.03
`4,404,514 9/1983 Reichert, Jr. ............................. 455/5.1
`4,430,731
`2/1984 Gimple et al. .......
`... 370/30
`4,521,881
`6/1985 Stapleford et al.
`... 370/72
`4,530,008 7/1985 McVoy ...................................... 358/86
`4,533,948
`8/1985 McNamara et al. .................... 358/122
`4,534,024
`8/1985 Maxemchuck et al. .................. 370/85
`4,577,312 3/1986 Nash ....................
`... 370/112
`4,633,462 12/1986 Stifle et al. ............................... 358/86
`4,689,619 8/1987 O'Brien, Jr. .............................. 358/86
`4,698,841 10/1987 Haselton et al. .......................... 370/60
`4,717,970
`1/1988 Long ........................
`... 358/86
`4,751,510
`6/1988 de Saint Michel et al.
`... 370/84
`4,763,317 8/1988 Lehman et al. ..............
`... 370/60
`4,763,322 8/1988 Eizenhofer ................................ 370/95
`4,763,323
`8/1988 Nelson et al. ............................ 370/96
`4,764,920 8/1988 Furuya ...................................... 370/94
`4,768,188
`8/1988 Barnhart et al. .......................... 370/80
`4,771,425 9/1988 Baran et al. .............................. 370/85
`
`USOO.5544164A
`11) Patent Number:
`45 Date of Patent:
`
`5,544,164
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`1/1989 Habbab et al. ............................. 370/3
`4,797,879
`4,819,228 4/1989 Baran et al. .............................. 370/85
`4,829,297
`5/1989 Ilg et al. .....................
`3401825.5
`4,860,379
`8/1989 Schoeneberger et al. ......
`455/5.1
`4,901,340 2/1990 Parker et al. ............................. 379/60
`4,903,261
`2/1990 Baran et al. ....
`370/110.
`4,920,533 4/1990 Dufresne et al.
`... 370/85.2
`4,933,935 6/1990 Adams ............
`... 370/85.7
`4,949,395
`8/1990 Rydbeck .....
`... 455/33.1
`4,951,278 8/1990 Biber et al. .
`... 370/60
`4,956,839 9/1990 Torii et al. ......
`370/60
`4.959,862 9/1990 Davidov et al.
`380/10
`4,961,188 10/1990 Lau .................
`370/94.2
`4,970,717 11/1990 Haas.......................................... 370/60
`4,972,505 11/1990 Isberg ....................................... 455/3.
`(List continued on next page.)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Jerrold Communications, PCN Interface Using CATV
`Feeder, In-Home PCN Integration, PCN Interface At The
`Home, In-Home Interface, In-Home PCN Interface, Inte
`grated Home Block Diagram.
`Leland L. Johnson and David P. Reed, Residential Broad
`band Services by Telephone Companies?, Technology, Eco
`nomics, and Public Policy, RAND, R-3906-MF/RL, Jun.
`1990, pp. v.-ix.
`James Chiddix and Ronald Wolfe, Communications Engi
`neering and Design, Fiber optic implementation, A case
`study, Sep. 1989, pp. 8,
`, 14, 16, 19, 21-22.
`Primary. Examiner-Hassan Kizou
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Allston L. Jones
`57)
`ABSTRACT
`The present invention is a Wide Area Network (WAN)
`Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) compliant cell based
`communications system that is capable of delivering high
`data rate cells from a plurality of terminal devices to support
`a multiplicity of simultaneous terminal device applications
`for homes and businesses. This system provides the capa
`bility of providing voice and data communications on cable
`TV systems and to tie multiple cable TV systems and telcos
`together for transmission of voice and data communication
`between any combination of them.
`
`5 Claims, 28 Drawing Sheets
`
`-/tal
`20
`32
`42 : :
`GSE = 755, sh
`5 S
`E E3 2
`e CENTRATOR -s CENTRATOR
`
`HIGHEWEL 0
`DOWN- E
`
`CRYPTO
`
`TERMINAL
`DEVICE.
`
`TERMNA
`EWICE.
`WIREESS
`----------
`SJSSCR3r
`INTERFACE
`UNI
`14
`TERMINAL 22
`DEWICE,
`Wre
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 1
`
`

`

`5,544,164
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`12/1990 Bernstein .................................. 370/80
`12/1990 Raith et al. ............................... 379/63
`1/1991 Dufresne et al. ........................ 445/4.1
`2/1991 Cidon et al. ..
`370/94.1
`2/1991 Blais ........................................... 380/7
`3/1991 Irvine-Halliday et al. ... 370/94.1
`3/1991 Kositpaiboon et al. ............... 370/94.1
`4f1991 Van Den Dool et al. ................ 370/60
`4/1991 Nagakura .............
`... 370/95.2
`4/1991 Sardana .....
`... 370/95.3
`5/1991 Lobinski et al. ........................ 370/60
`7/1991 Chao et al. ............................ 370/95.
`
`4,980,886
`4,980,907
`4,982,440
`4,991,172
`4,991,206
`4,998,247
`5,001,707
`5,007,043
`5,010,329
`5,012,469
`5,016,245
`5,029,163
`
`5,067,123 11/1991 Hyodo et al. .......................... 370158.1
`5,107,493 4/1992 Eng et al. .............................. 370/94.1
`5,111,454
`5/1992 Hung et al. ............................ 370/95.3
`5,115,43
`5/1992 Williams et al. ...................... 370/94,
`5,124,980 7/1992 Maki ......................................... 370/77
`5,130,793 7/1992 Bordry et al. ........................... 455/5.
`5,132,680 7/1992 Tezuka et al. ..................... 3401825.08
`5,138,649 8/1992 Krisbergh et al. ........................ 379/56
`5,150,361 9/1992 Wieczorek et al... 370/95.1
`5,161,154 11/1992 Diaz et al. ......
`370/95.1
`5,164,937 11/1992 Tanabe et al. ..
`... 370/56
`5,241,534 8/993 Omuro et al. ............................ 370/16
`
`
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 1 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`O
`
`
`
`TERMINAL
`DEVICE,
`WREESS
`12
`TERMINAL
`DEVICE,
`27
`WIRE ESS
`SUBSCRISEA
`INTERFACE
`14.
`UNIT
`TERMINAL 22
`DEVICE
`WIRED
`
`XXC
`
`
`
`6
`
`18
`
`:
`
`:
`: NON
`FIBER ;
`UNKS :
`DOMAIN
`
`LOWLEVEL
`UPSTREAM
`CEE CON
`CENTRATOR
`
`26
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`/24
`LOWLEWE
`DOWN-
`STREAM
`CELL
`ROUTER
`
`
`
`HIGH EVEL
`UPSTREAM
`CEL CON
`CENTRATOR
`
`/34 .
`HIGH EVEL 40-
`
`NE
`
`R
`E
`A
`
`CABLE TV SYSTEM
`
`
`
`FIBER OPTICAL
`LINKSDOMAIN
`;
`48 N,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DACS INFERCONNECTION
`NETWORK
`
`
`
`DRECTORY
`COMPUTER
`
`---
`
`
`
`PONT OF
`PRESENCE
`INTERFACE
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 2 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`Fig. 1b
`
`w w is
`
`. The
`
`Y.
`
`E.
`
`P.
`
`Yu
`
`wa 'h
`
`a
`
`. a
`
`wa T.
`
`W. Y "
`
`'
`
`LONG DISTANCE
`ATMSWITCHING
`ANDTRANSMISSION
`
`/58
`
`
`
`
`
`DRECTORY
`COMPUTERS)
`
`
`
`ATMSWTCH
`
`Ayyuan.
`
`& 32, 40 N
`
`20, 24
`
`y
`
`X. W.
`
`L.
`
`r
`
`FIBER OPTIC
`TRANSMISSION
`AEIGA.
`NEWORK M
`
`w.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. w a w, a w w h
`
`10
`
`DATA
`TERMINAL
`SEEST
`TELEPHONE
`10 -T
`
`O
`
`18 N.
`N
`
`N. COAX
`FEEDERS
`
`62
`TAPS-C 60
`Es
`
`s
`l
`
`60
`
`|
`
`COAXAL
`CABLETW
`DISTRIBUTION
`SYSTEM
`
`- - a a - - - - - - a a - - - - - - -
`
`N-HOUSE
`TELEPHONE
`WRING
`
`16
`SUN SUBSCRIBER
`INTERFACE
`UNI
`HOUSE
`WITH TV
`ONLY
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 3 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`ar,
`
`in
`
`P
`
`- via as
`
`it w
`
`e
`
`ANTENNA
`SECTION
`
`- w O 6
`
`108
`
`DOCKING STATION
`
`162
`a
`168
`; ;
`160
`|
`e C
`: EDDDPLEXERH) RFINPUT g;
`170,172 (; ;
`:
`; lo
`:
`158
`; :
`": ;
`;
`;
`------------,
`-
`76
`RF OUTPUT
`; ;
`MIXER 180
`,
`is rise
`; ;
`: MODULATOR-51st-
`152 A715090
`MODUATOR
`; ;
`ENCODER
`148
`:
`:: SPLTER-188
`
`m
`
`- -. .
`
`.
`
`.
`
`we are
`
`- a- as a
`
`r
`
`vra
`
`:
`
`|
`i
`
`:
`I
`
`
`
`at
`
`a
`236
`
`r
`
`> apa
`
`Y
`
`238
`PLUG-INDET
`
`;
`
`)
`
`
`
`a - a - -
`
`234
`174
`
`TRANS- O
`FORMERY230
`173
`232
`155 240
`242
`POWER
`SUPPLY
`252
`FREC. offio. 264-
`& AGILITY
`
`
`
`
`
`:
`
`:SECTION-- X
`: Qx.
`raw an
`- w
`aw
`124;
`CELL FORMER
`(CONTROLLER #1)
`28 A ; ; V2O2
`122 V30
`;
`l
`BOARD
`S&H
`AD 120
`; : AD sh
`DAJ ; ; 210
`&AED
`/\ it, S; ;
`212 21628;
`iD
`MICRO-
`; :
`CODEBOOK
`ROM
`(Li2PHONE
`; :
`224 226
`C SPEAKER
`; :
`st :: pittenting
`SECTION
`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -f
`
`19
`
`214
`
`;
`:
`
`:
`FREOEF)
`9-24s
`2
`as
`TIMING & CONTROL LE
`
`As
`
`;
`
`204
`206,
`:
`27
`262
`BT TIMING
`7 FREENSTRUON ' .
`209
`2
`:
`FREQUENCY CONTROL
`AND MING SECTION
`
`r arr r a rar av ar av ar v ar a
`
`as a
`
`as a
`
`Fig. 2
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 4 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`--
`: 416
`
`as
`
`404
`
`402
`406 : 49 411
`a Pascalerikipe
`
`
`
`A 452
`
`256
`
`:
`
`45
`PL to
`
`450
`
`447
`
`OSC& CONTROLSECTION)
`
`O
`
`;302
`
`as
`
`5
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 5 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`?g
`
`
`
`HolyH?HINI ?LG?
`
`
`
`989 Z8G 089
`
`
`
`
`
`gzg 938 OZ9
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 6 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`R
`
`FRONT WIEW
`
`500
`
`Fi 9 5
`
`507
`
`
`
`S.
`REAR VIEW
`Y
`
`
`
`
`
`TO TWCABLE
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 7 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`Fig. 6a
`
`550
`PRESCALER
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CABLE-TV
`VERSION
`
`450 MHZ
`RCWR
`S7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`l
`
`
`
`520 522
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`32
`MICROPROCESSOR
`AS
`to it 5-30
`
`OUTPUT
`BUFFER
`
`MHZ
`XMTR
`
`
`
`ADSL WISED
`PAIR WERSION
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 8 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`562
`
`TDOOPLEXER
`
`570
`
`526
`
`572
`
`: (.750MHz, 58.902Hz
`CABLE
`L.
`TRANSMTTER
`RECEIVER
`TRANSCEIVER
`902 MHZ
`RANSMTTER
`546
`
`504
`A.
`502 P
`TV SET
`
`H
`
`575
`
`648
`
`250-500+ MHZ
`EWER
`REC
`
`
`
`TDDDIPLEXER 160
`104 108
`
`E 902-28
`s
`MHZ
`RCWR
`E
`S36
`
`ar
`
`902
`MHZ
`XMTR
`
`O
`
`
`
`Solo
`
`
`
`24 WRE
`HYBRID
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`m w
`
`E
`
`D
`
`
`
`622
`
`N618-
`SECONOARY
`CARRIER
`INTERFACENT
`-
`IN-HOUSE
`624
`TELEPHONE LINE
`
`Fig. 7
`
`Stizos
`40
`A r142O2
`w
`CORDLESSTELEPHONE
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 9 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`M 506
`
`507
`e
`2
`a.
`
`91.5 MHZRCVR
`
`t
`
`H 9.5 MHZXMTR
`
`u
`a
`3
`o
`re
`
`ar - - - - - - - - - - - - a rar r s - -
`
`-------------
`
`
`
`9.5 MHZ RCWR
`
`MHZXMTR
`
`622 680
`4.
`SECONDARY
`50 -
`CARRIER
`EXISTING IN HOUSE INTERFACE UNIT
`WRNG
`
`
`
`682
`
`EXISTENGN-HOUSE INTERFACE UNIT
`WIRING
`
`
`
`E.
`
`PRIMARY
`CARRIER
`INTERFACE
`UNIT
`
`
`
`
`
`HOUSE 2
`
`ANTENNA
`
`PRIMARY
`CAREER
`
`INTERFACE
`UNI
`
`
`
`O
`O
`-
`
`F.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`o
`
`5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`O
`
`
`
`HOUSE #3 Early
`
`gets MHz.xmlr
`
`AUDIO Y
`
`ANTENNA
`
`
`
`
`
`SECONARY
`S. E.
`Nics BSTNNOUSE INTiSEENT
`Fig. 8
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 10 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`—- 12t SEC->
`
`700
`
`3
`Sics
`2s 22
`
`FRAME COMMAND
`704
`SYMBOLS
`12 BITS
`
`ADDRESS
`706
`3 SYMBOLS
`2 BITS
`
`TIME
`
`12 BITS 4.048 STATES
`
`ADDRESSES
`
`POLLINGSIGNAL
`1 INTERROGATINGEACHDEVICE
`
`X-----
`
`FRAME FLAG
`SYS E. ARE 12
`C.
`SA
`1S
`
`i-n-
`
`
`
`Fig. 9C RETURNED SGNALS
`
`MESSAGE
`SENT
`
`708
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 11 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`START
`
`720
`
`722
`NCREMENT
`a +
`
`726
`
`724
`
`728
`
`INTERROGATE THE
`ITH DEVICE
`
`730
`
`HAS 24 MICROSEC
`PASSEDYET
`
`N
`
`as
`Y
`738
`N/DOES THE TH DEVICE
`WISHOTRANSMIT?
`740
`Y 74 2
`DETERMINE THE TIME RECURED
`BY TABLE LOOKUP. J.E. DEVICE
`#912 ISATELEPHONE CALL;
`EXPECA 192 BIT CELL,
`744
`746
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`RESERVE THE REQUIRED
`TIME INTERWA,
`748
`750
`S THE PACKE BEING
`RECEIVED WITHINTHE
`REQUISITE TIME WINDOW
`
`Fig.10
`
`756
`HAS THERE BEENA
`NON-RESPONSE OVER N TIMES
`FOR THE TH DEVICE
`7641N
`766
`KEEP THE DEVICE ON
`HE HIGHEST PREORITYLIST.
`768
`
`NCREMENTALY LOWER THE
`PRIORITY (FREQUENCY) BY WHICH
`THE TH DEVICE IS EXAMINED.
`762
`
`764
`
`
`
`STHIS PACKET
`MANGLED
`Y
`
`768
`
`PLACETHE RECEIVED PACKET
`ONTO THE OU-GOING OUEUE.
`770
`
`772
`A NEW PROBEM
`STHIS
`
`752
`Y
`
`776
`
`
`
`CREATE ERROR REPORT.
`
`782
`
`783
`AWE ALL DEVICES BEEN POLED
`86
`Y 790
`OPEN POLE FOR NEW DEVICES
`792
`
`
`
`784
`
`N
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 12 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`DETECTED
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SIGNAL
`SCANNED
`
`REMOTETRANSCEIVER STATEDIAGRAM As
`Fig.11a
`
`F. 9 .1 1 b
`
`
`
`880
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`MASTER
`POLL
`
`
`
`POLLING PROTOCO STATE DAGRAM
`GOAHEADMESSAGES
`TO THE Tith DEVICE
`
`884
`
`886
`
`FIXED PERIOD Q SHORT
`MESSAGE 868
`
`
`
`ONG
`MESSAGE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TIME-OUT AFTER
`RESPONSE
`2
`
`TERMINATES WITH
`A CLOSING FLAG
`
`RANSMISSION STATES
`
`
`
`
`
`876
`
`874
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 13 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`Fig. 12
`
`DOWNSTREAM DIRECTION
`Hr-m-
`886
`SERIALTO
`PARALLEL
`
`890
`
`
`
`398 882
`CELL
`ADDRESS
`DETECTOR
`
`
`
`
`
`START OF
`CELL
`DETECTOR
`
`
`
`904
`900
`902
`MCROPROCESSOR
`& OGC
`
`880
`
`5
`sa
`8
`f
`
`L
`
`886
`
`LINE OK
`884
`
`94
`P = MAXIMUMNUMBER OF
`CELLS THAT ARE
`BUFFERED
`
`O
`RT
`
`894
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2
`o KK
`9
`
`908
`
`i.
`-
`5
`R 2
`922,
`9
`ala-
`3,920
`
`94
`912
`
`918
`
`928
`
`A -- QYE, IE
`
`DESIGNAOR
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 15
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 14 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`DOWNSTREAM DIRECTION
`H
`
`
`
`Fig. 13
`
`948
`
`956
`
`958
`
`960
`
`962
`
`OUTPUT BUFFER -- 931
`
`OUTPUT BUFFER -
`. .
`
`(
`
`950
`952
`
`
`
`
`
`944
`
`- Red
`
`875
`
`894
`
`N
`
`3
`
`ADDRESS
`
`OUTPUT BUFFER
`:
`{
`OUTPUT BUFFER
`
`-
`-
`954
`
`-1
`
`-
`t
`
`MICRO
`PESSESS-936
`OR
`CGIC
`
`COUNTER
`D
`
`934
`
`922
`
`ENABLES
`
`932
`
`OUTPUT LINE
`
`ADDRESSBUS
`
`928
`
`926
`
`942
`COUNTERC
`
`938
`
`920
`
`918
`SEMAPHOREL-e
`924
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 16
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 15 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`988
`
`982
`
`986
`
`HAS START OF A NEW
`CELL BEEN DETECTED?
`Y992
`
`RESET COUNTERC 994
`996
`998
`
`PLACE NEXT WORD OF
`NCOMING CELL INTO
`LOCATION Y WAPORT
`INPUT PORT
`
`Fig. 14
`
`99.
`
`1008
`
`READ OCAL
`ADDRESSBS
`
`100
`
`O2
`
`SEN-PROCESS SEMAPHONE
`CORRESPONDING TO THIS
`OUTGOING LINE
`O4
`
`DOES REASONABLENESS
`CHECKPASS
`
`1020
`
`N
`
`022
`
`ERROR EXIT
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 17
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 16 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`CUTGOING PROCESS #1
`
`1040
`
`044
`
`1042
`
`1045
`
`<saysEMPHorset)
`
`1046 Y
`
`READ OUTPULINE
`
`1050
`
`RECUEST
`
`1054
`
`TURN OFF
`
`58
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OUTGOING PROCESS #2
`
`1060
`
`ANY LINES NEEDING
`ATTENTION
`
`e
`
`
`
`1066
`
`SEQUENTIALLY READ
`THE OUTGONG LINE
`
`1068
`
`1070
`
`Fig. 15b
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 17 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`FG 16
`
`
`
`54
`COMPUTER -----
`56 S.
`52
`52
`
`60
`
`60
`
`f
`
`CABLE
`SYSTEM - 1080
`: N
`
`0, 14
`SUBSCRIBERS
`
`080"
`
`10, 14
`SUBSCRIBERS
`
`SUBSCRIBERS
`
`SONET OCLNES CARRYING ATM
`- - - - -DS ORDS3 LINES CARRYING PCM
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 18 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`Fig. 17
`
`20
`
`270
`
`330 MHZ
`
`h 1088
`
`160
`
`100
`
`to
`1102
`Alix
`006
`108
`1090 XET
`
`1092
`
`110
`
`1 1096
`Emir C
`
`098
`/
`
`Eni. 100
`
`OVERLAPPINGSIDEBANDS TO SAVE SPECTRUM
`SPACE
`
`NOTE 1. HETERODYNENGTHE 5-30 MHZBAND
`GENERATESUNWANTED SOEBANDS, THESE
`ARENTENTIONALLY POSITONED TO OVERLAP
`ONE ANOTHER TO SAVE UPSTREAMBANDWIDTH,
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 20
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 19 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`KEYBASE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PRVACY
`FUNCTION
`
`
`
`EDENTICAL KEYBASES
`
`GENERAL
`PURPOSE
`PRIVACY
`FUNCTON
`
`
`
`PRIVACY KEYFLOW
`56
`
`154
`
`DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS
`
`"HEADEND" i52
`
`
`
`TrisRis
`AKEYBASE 15
`
`
`
`isi f
`UNABL
`TO RECEIVE
`MESSAGE
`
`
`
`160
`
`1162
`
`Fig. 18b
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 20 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`
`
`1178
`
`PLACE EACHBYTE INTO AN
`ADORESS LOCATIONUSING
`THE KEY PERMUTE TABLE.
`
`PERFORMA ROTATARY SHIFT
`USINGAN OFFSET TO THE
`ADDRESS. (PARTB OF THE KEY)
`
`
`
`X-OREACH BYE WITH PARTC
`OF THE KEY
`
`
`
`24
`
`DEPACKETIZE
`1220
`
`
`
`128
`
`DATAOUT
`
`1222
`
`Fig. 19
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 21 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`PREPARAON OF THE PERMUTE ALGORITHM
`(PARTA OF THE KEY):
`1240
`CREATEA RANDOMNUMBER WHICH
`BECOMES THE KEYBASE START FUNCTION,
`242
`
`
`
`CREAEALIST OF NUMBERS WITH ONE
`AND ONLY ONE APPEARANCE OF EACH
`NUMBER IN THE LIST.
`
`IFNUMBER HAS BEEN USED PREVIOUSLY
`INTHE LIST, ITIS SKIPED AND REPLACED
`WITH THE FIRST NUMBER NOT IN THE
`SERIES
`
`Fig.20a
`
`1252
`GENERATE
`ES 1254
`KEYBASE
`256
`
`TAKENEXT
`6 BTS
`1260
`S BETWEEN
`O AND 47?
`N
`
`
`
`1258
`
`262
`
`
`
`264
`
`WRITE : NTO
`TEMPORARY
`REGISTER
`
`1266
`
`C is Nusri)
`
`1292
`SELECT NEXT
`UNASSIGNED
`
`NUMBER
`
`
`
`1294
`
`1274
`
`ADD TO LIST
`in 1276
`
`1278
`
`<sus couplete)
`N
`y
`29
`1280
`STORE IN EEPROM
`1300
`1302
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 22 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`fil
`
`fil
`
`fil
`
`
`
`$g = TEO WIW298||
`
`$$ = TIHO WIý
`SE Lź
`
`----
`
`SA89
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 24
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 23 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`DIRECTORY
`
`POP3 PCP5 DIRECTORY
`
`56 c 21 1.
`lift?,
`
`4.
`
`54
`
`
`
`O
`
`A.
`
`66
`
`NATONALLEVEL
`Fig. 22
`
`923.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`57
`
`
`
`234 y
`Gri?" a.)
`66 - UP y
`
`UP DowN-66
`
`S
`
`D1234
`
`
`
`CABLE TW
`SYSTEM,
`
`CABLE TW
`SYSTEM
`
`1080 C
`
`O
`
`O
`
`O
`
`C
`
`C
`
`C
`
`C
`
`RY
`
`RY2
`
`RY2
`
`10,14\c
`
`O
`
`
`
`CABLE TW
`SYSTEM
`
`a
`
`C
`
`O
`
`C
`
`RY
`
`O
`
`C
`
`RY
`
`C
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 25
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 24 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`
`
`
`
`y
`
`1.
`
`H
`2
`
`w an re
`
`
`
`
`
`DRECTORY
`COMPUTER
`TRANSLATION
`
`NOT
`COM21 RECRED
`EXAMPLE: POTSOCOM2 CAN USE
`PREFEX SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER,
`
`080'
`
`SEM-PERMANEN VIRTUAL CIRCUITTO
`DIRECTORY COMPUER, 1088
`SEMPERMANENTVIRTUALCIRCUITTOPOP
`INTERFACE UNIT, 1090
`
`Fig 23b
`
`
`
`
`
`1080
`
`...
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 26
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 25 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`Fig. 24
`
`
`
`404
`
`
`
`
`
`i400
`END DEVICE SENDSA SIGNALNG CELL
`PACKET TO A DIRECTORY COMPUTER
`7402
`OK
`RECEIVESCALED
`NUMBER CE
`
`NG
`
`1418 N46
`IS PREFIXO, OR #
`S7 DGS
`20
`y
`422,
`22
`BELIEVED TO BE A POTS
`TYPE NUMBER
`
`1424
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ISTHIS ANA PHABETIC (Y)
`OR ANNUMERIC(N)
`440
`Y
`THS SAN
`APHAWALUE
`
`
`
`
`
`1460
`THIS ISANUMERIC 462
`WALUE
`1464
`
`SECURITY
`NUMBER
`
`PERFORMTABLE LOOKUP
`
`48
`
`
`
`1482
`OK (Y) OR CANT FIND (N)
`Y
`1488
`RETURN THE PHYSICAL
`NUMBER ASA CE
`
`480
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 27
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 26 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`7 1500
`INCOMING CELS
`P
`(ONE PER CALL SETUP)
`OUGOING
`CELLS
`
`OH15O2
`
`504
`
`HASH INCOMING
`NUMBER
`
`1506
`
`Fig. 25
`(154.
`NEW CUSTOMERACCOUNTS AND
`CHANGES
`
`an-L1542
`
`1544
`
`
`
`546
`
`DATA ENTRY
`CLUSTER(S)
`
`t508
`
`1510
`RAF
`- 154
`1512
`STHE DALED NUMBER
`PRESENT
`56-Y
`
`1520
`RETURN CELL
`
`552
`
`N
`5
`518
`
`524.
`RETURN"NO
`
`1548
`
`550
`ETHERNET
`GATEWAYS
`54
`15
`
`1556N
`DISK BACKUP
`MEMORY
`
`1558
`
`1560
`
`
`
`1522
`
`526
`
`528
`
`SYSTEM
`
`TROUBLE
`SHOOTING
`RECORD
`
`1530
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 28
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 27 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`580
`
`
`
`
`
`FIRSTATM CELLTO
`SETUPTHE CALL
`
`
`
`
`
`READINCOMING
`#, 1 TON BYTES
`1588
`
`
`
`HASH THE INCOMING
`NUMBERTO CREATEA 48
`BIT NUMBER
`
`RAM: INPUTA 48 BT
`ADDRESS (6 OCTETS)
`AND OUTPU 3 OCTETS.
`
`PHYSICA SIZE=36 RAM
`CHIPS 64 MBTEX
`
`
`
`
`
`IFWALDADDRESS IS FOUND THE RESULT IS
`THE PHYSICAL ADDRESS FOR SUBSEQUENT
`CELLS; OTHERWISE, OTHERFUNCTIONS
`
`*ALSO CHECKS TO SEETHAT THERE ARE NO ON-GOING
`CONVERSATIONS.
`OTHER MESSAGESINCLUDE: NUMBER BEING FORWARDED;
`EMEARLY OUT OF SERVICE: NOSERVICE BECAUSE OF ANUNPAID
`
`
`
`1. ADDRESS SPACE FOR 48 BTS2'482.81 X 10"14.
`2. NUMBER OF WALID ADDRESSES = 2XO"6.
`
`roBABLT OFNOTCATCHNGANERROR-2x10's (8x10"19-7.11x
`
`10"
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 29
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 6, 1996
`
`Sheet 28 of 28
`
`5,544,164
`
`A UBIQUITOUS, FASTPACKETNETWORK, WITH VIRTUAL CONNECTIONS
`THAT CAN BE SETUPBETWEEN ANY PARS OF USERS DESRING
`COMMUNICATIONS.
`
`SONET ATM DOMAIN
`
`50
`
`Fig 27
`
`A.
`
`54
`K DIRECTORY
`COMPUTER
`
`A DATAGRAM CONTROLPACKET FROMATOD TOK SETSUPTHE
`Sg.NECTION THEREAFTER AWIRTUAL CRCUIT EXESTSBE WEENATO)
`
`THIS CREATES THE ILUSION OFA COPPER WERE CIRCUIT FROMATO C.
`AFTER THE COMMUNICATIONSSESSIONS COMPLEED ADATAGRAM
`CONTROL PACKET FROM AOR FROM CTOKKNOCKSDOWN THE
`WRUAL CONNECTION.
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 30
`
`

`

`5,544,164
`
`1.
`METHOD AND CELL BASED WIDE AREA
`NETWORKALTERNATIVE ACCESS
`TELEPHONE AND DATA SYSTEM
`
`2
`The closest relevant prior art of the present invention
`found was in a recent proposal by the Jerrold division of
`General Instruments, Co. described in a public presentation
`at the Cable TV Laboratories, Denver, Colo. Cable TV
`Laboratories is sponsored by a consortium of cable TV
`operators). In the presentation, Jerrold proposes using TV
`cable to connect PCN type telephone instruments to the
`telephone central office. PCN is a low power cellular
`approach and offers a simpler and lower cost base station
`arrangement than conventional cellular radio. Initially PCN
`was used to refer to wireless telephone calls that could only
`initiate calls. But, this definition of PCN is evolving towards
`initiation and receiving inbound calls. The shorter range of
`PCN, generally up to 600 meters, allows lower power levels
`than required by longer range cellular radio. In turn, this
`lower power requirement allows the use of smaller hand
`held telephone instruments with a longer battery life
`between recharges than the larger, more powerful, cellular
`radio telephones.
`In the Jerrold proposal, PCN signals within the vicinity of
`a house are received by an active coupling unit physically
`connected to the end of the TV drop cable. These signals are
`transmitted upstream (“Upstream' refers to the direction
`toward the cable TV head-end, and "downstream' refers to
`the direction toward the terminal devices) via the drop cable.
`The drop cable connects to the TV feeder cable. An active
`coupling unit, used within the house, contains an amplifier,
`an AGC control circuit, a microprocessor and a varilloser (an
`amplitude limiting device) to provide a signal levelling
`capability to prevent strong PCN signals from swamping out
`other signals on the cable. The arrangement described cre
`ates a transmission path for frequency division of PCN
`device signals over the cable TV system.
`It would be desirable to have a system that overcomes the
`limitations of the known proposals and describes a com
`bined cable TV plus telephone system technology which
`appears to offer greater capabilities and at a potentially lower
`cost than known alternatives. More specifically, it would be
`desirable to have a system that adds telephone and data
`capability to existing cable TV systems, with special appli
`cability to cable TV systems using fiber-to-the-feeder con
`figurations. It would further be desirable to have a total
`end-to-end solution, starting with cell relay packets gener
`ated within cordless telephone instruments and thence trans
`mitted through the cable TV system to seamlessly intercon
`necting with SONET (synchronous optical network) fiber
`optic systems operating in the ATM (asychronous time
`multiplexing) mode for connection to fast packet switches.
`The present invention provides such a system.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`A Wide Area Network (WAN) Asynchronous Transfer
`Mode (ATM) compliant cell based communications system
`that is capable of delivering high data rate cells from a
`plurality of terminal devices to support a multiplicity of
`simultaneous terminal device applications for homes and
`businesses. This system provides the capability of providing
`voice and data communications on cable TV systems and to
`tie multiple cable TV systems and telcos together for trans
`mission of voice and data communication between any
`combination of them.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG. 1a is an overall system block diagram of the present
`invention.
`
`CROSS REFERENCE
`This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/953,744,
`filed on Sep. 29, 1992, now abandoned. The present appli
`cation is related to two patent applications by the same
`10
`inventor, a first one entitled "DIGITAL TELEPHONE,
`CABLE TV SYSTEM AND LOCAL EXCHANGE
`BYPASS NETWORK" filed on Sep. 17, 1991, and given
`Ser. No. 07/761,281, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,030, and a
`Second one entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
`15
`SHARING OF COMMON IN-HOUSE WIRING TO PER
`MIT MULTIPLE TELEPHONE CARRIERS TO SERVE
`THE SAME CUSTOMER" filed Sep. 22, 1992, and given
`Ser. No. 07/949,424, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,341,415, with
`those applications being assigned to the same assignee as the
`present invention.
`
`20
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`A communications network for data and voice commu
`25
`nications which links telephone and cable TV systems for
`providing an expanded and competitive communications
`system.
`
`30
`
`35
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`The use of a cable TV system as an alternative local loop
`instead of telco (telephone company) copper wires has been
`proposed many times over the years. A few systems have
`been built which use separate frequency division multi
`plexed carriers for each telephone, but the economics has not
`been competitive, nor the performance fully acceptable.
`Some systems have been proposed which use fiber optic
`lines carrying analog cable TV signals together with PCN
`40
`(Personal Communications Network) digital voice tele
`phone signals to distribution pedestals serving a cluster of
`houses with both TV and telephones. Today, such alternative
`technologies remain higher cost alternatives than the present
`use of separate telephone plants, and separate cable TV
`45
`systems (Ref: Johnson, Leland L. and David P. Reed,
`RESIDENTIAL BROADBAND SERVICES BY TELE
`PHONE COMPANIES?, The RAND Corp., June 1990).
`Fiber optic cable is increasingly being used in new and
`rebuilt cable TV systems to replace the large diameter
`50
`coaxial trunk cables carrying programs from cable TV
`head-ends to the feeder cable network. TV signals are
`transmitted using AM (and sometimes FM) modulation on
`fiber optic cables. These signals are converted to electrical
`signals at the feeder cable junction. This produces higher
`quality TV performance at a price comparable to an all
`coaxial cable TV system (Ref. Chiddex, James, "FIBER
`OPTIC IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE STUDY', Commu
`nications Engineering and Design September 1989, p. 8).
`PCN which uses small radio telephones have been devel
`oped in Europe, the Far East and in the U.S. In the U.S. a
`plethora of applicants are filing for PCN licenses from the
`FCC in the hope that a monopoly value will accrue to the
`paper license similar to the cellular radio license experience,
`where the paper licenses were issued by lottery with the
`intention of being resold at a high price to the eventual
`system builder.
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`Petitioner’s Ex. 1021, Page 31
`
`

`

`25
`
`3
`FIG. 1b is another block diagram of the system of the
`present invention which includes more detail with respect to
`the feeder and drop cables of a cable TV system and how it
`is integrated into the present invention.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a cordless
`less telephone unit for use with the present invention.
`FIG. 3a is a block diagram of the internals of a second
`embodiment of a cordless telephone unit for use with the
`present invention.
`FIG. 3b is a block diagram of the details of the oscillator
`and control section of the cordless telephone unit of FIG.3a.
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram that illustrates the prior art
`spread spectrum signal technique approved by the FCC for
`communication between the SIU and the cordless phone at
`a high data rate.
`FIG. 5 is a simplified perspective view of the subscriber
`interface unit of the present invention.
`FIG. 6a is a simplified block diagram of the subscriber
`interface unit of the present invention for use with cable TV
`systems.
`20
`FIG. 6b is a simplified block diagram the section of the
`subscriber interface unit of the present invention for use
`ADSL twisted pair in place of the cable TV section of FIG.
`6a.
`FIG. 7 is another block diagram of the subscriberinterface
`unit of the present invention illustrating the interconnection
`thereof with the subscriber's in-house telephone wiring and
`with a cordless telephone of the present invention.
`FIG. 8 is a block diagram to illustrate the interconnection
`of the in-house telephone wiring of users who are not cable
`TV subscribers.
`FIG. 9a illustrates the initial string of any signal which
`has been designed to minimize the time used in each signal
`for house keeping.
`FIG.9b illustrates the polling mode where the signal only
`consists of the initial string.
`FIG. 9c shows a polling response.
`FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the protocol for the end
`device servicing scheduling.
`FIG. 11a is a state diagram illustrating the remote trans
`ceiver state pattern.
`FIG. 11b is a state diagram of the poling protocol of the
`present invention.
`FIG. 12 is a block diagram that illustrates the initial
`processing of downstream cells.
`FIG. 13 is a block diagram that illustrates the delivery of
`the cells following treatment as in FIG. 12.
`FIG. 14 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of the
`circuit of FIG. 12.
`FIGS. 15a and 15b are flow charts which illustrate the
`different modes of operation for the circuitry of FIG. 13.
`FIG. 16 is a block diagram of the ATM DACS switching
`system to interconnect multiple cable and telco systems as
`per the present invention.
`FIG. 17 is a representation of the overlapping sideband
`technique of the upstream data communications signals of
`the present invention.
`FIG. 18a is a block diagram representation of the keybase
`privacy encoding technique of the present invention.
`FIG. 18b is a block diagram illustrating the privacy
`function on a cable system in both the up and down stream
`directions.
`FIG. 19 is a flow chart illustrating the privacy protection
`of the present invention.
`
`4
`FIG. 20a is a flow chart that illustrates the permutation
`algorithm in flow chart form for part A of the key in FIG. 19.
`FIG. 20b is a flow chart illustrates a more detailed flow
`chart of more specific algorithms that can be used to create
`a random number for the keybase as in FIG. 20a.
`FIG. 21a illustrates the standard ATM cell of the prior art.
`FIG. 21b illustrates the standard ATM cell of the prior art
`in an ATM cell packet.
`FIG. 21c illustrates the modified ATM cell of the present
`invention.
`FIG. 22 is another block diagram to illustrate the small
`component count necessary to implement the ATM DACS
`switching system of the present invention.
`FIG. 23a is a simplified overview block diagram of the
`interconnection of cable TV systems and telcos by means of
`the present invention.
`FIG. 23b is a table that illustrates when translation of the
`number being called is necessary by the directory computer
`is necessary for calls between various systems.
`FIG. 24 is a flow chart of the incoming cell flow of the
`directory computer of the present invention.
`FIG. 25 is a simplified flow chart of the flow through the
`directory computer of the present invention.
`FIG. 26 is a flow chart to illustrate the flow for searching
`the table of the directory computer of the present invention.
`FIG. 27 is block diagram illustration of the basic network
`concept of the present invention.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENT
`The present invention is a Wide Area Network (WAN)
`Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) compliant cell based
`communications system that is capable of delivering high
`data rate cells from a plurality of terminal devices to support
`a multiplicity of simultaneous terminal device applications
`for homes and businesses.
`Terminal devices used with this system may be wired or
`wireless,such as voice and data transceivers. In the preferred
`embodiments the terminal devices are polled to allow each
`of many terminal devices to share a common dynamically
`assigned frequency channel. Signals within the system are
`transmitted using short fixed length cell packets. Each such
`cell packet contains unique information defining the source
`and far end destination for each cell packet with each string
`of cells being assembled and unpacked in such a manner as
`to create the illusion of a real time circuit.
`By using an ATM compl