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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`Claim 1 [not asserted]
`
`
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`[1] A method of encoding a signal,
`comprising:
`
`To the extent this preamble is construed to be limiting, the Accused Products practice a
`method of encoding a signal.
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, which provide a
`method of encoding a signal.
`
`For example, the IEEE 802.11n-2009 amendment to the IEEE 802.11-2007 standard and
`the IEEE 802.11-2012 version of the 802.11 standard include “low-density parity check
`(LDPC) encoding.”
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 5.2.9; IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 4.3.10; IEEE 802.11-2020 at
`§ 4.3.13 (emphasis added).
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`
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1018
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 7.3.2.56.2; IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 8.4.2.58.2; IEEE 802.11-2020
`at § 9.4.2.55 (emphasis added).
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Table 7-43j; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Table 8-124; IEEE
`802.11-2020 at Table 9-184.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 9.6.0e.5.5; IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 9.7.6.5.5; IEEE 802.11-2020 at
`§ 10.6.6.5.7 (emphasis added).
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 9.6.0e.7; 802.11-2012 at § 9.7.6.7; 802.11-2020 at
`§ 10.6.6.7(emphasis added)
`
`LDPC coding was incorporated into the IEEE 802.11 standard via the 802.11n-2009
`amendment. In general, the following sections of 802.11n discuss LDPC coding: § 9.7f,
`§ 20.3.11.6, Annex G at sections G.2 and G.3 and Annex R.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 9.7f; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 9.14; IEEE 802.11-2020 at
`§ 10.15.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`* * *
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Table 20-1; IEEE 802.11-2012 at Table 20-1; IEEE 802.11-2020 at
`Table 19-1 (emphasis added).
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.3 (emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 20.3.3;
`IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.3
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Fig. 20-3; IEEE 802.11-2012 at Fig. 20-3; IEEE 802.11-2020 at
`Fig. 19-3 (emphasis added)
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`* * *
`
`* * *
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.4 (emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 20.3.4;
`IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.4.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`* * *
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.9.4.3, Table 20-10; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Table 20-
`11; IEEE 802.11-2020 at Table 19-11.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11 (emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.1; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.1.
`
`
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`
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`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.3 (emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.4; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.4.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.1 (emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.
`
`* * *
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`* * *
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Table 20-23; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Table 20-24; IEEE
`802.11-2020 at Table 19-24.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Table 20-27 (emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Table
`20-28.
`
`
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`* * *
`
`
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`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Annex A, § A.4.19.2; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Annex B,
`§ B.4.19.2; IEEE 802.11-2020 at Annex B, § B.4.17.2.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11ax-2021 at Annex B, § B.4.33.2.
`
`See also IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.3, Annex G, Annex R; IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.3, Annex L, Annex F; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.3, Annex I, Annex F.
`
`The Very High Throughput (“VHT”) PHY specification of the IEEE 802.11ac-2013
`amendment to the IEEE 802.11-2012 standard, which uses LDPC coding, is based on and
`incorporates the LDPC coding used in the High Throughput (“HT”) PHY, as defined in
`Clause 20 of the IEEE 802.11-2012 standard.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11ac-2013 at § 22.1.1 (emphasis added).
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11ac-2013 at § 22.3.10.5.4 (emphasis added).
`
`The High Efficiency (“HE”) PHY specification of the IEEE 802.11ax-2021 amendment to
`the IEEE 802.11-2020 standard, which uses LDPC coding, is based on and incorporates
`the LDPC coding used in the High Throughput (“HT”) PHY, as defined in Clause 19 of the
`IEEE 802.11-2020 standard.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11ax-2021 at § 27.1.1 (emphasis added)
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`
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`IEEE 802.11ax-2021 at § 27.3.12.5.2 (emphasis added)
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`[1a] receiving a block of data in the
`signal to be encoded, the block of data
`including information bits;
`
`The Accused Products receive a block of data in the signal to be encoded, the block of data
`including information bits.
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, which receive a block
`of data in the signal to be encoded, the block of data including information bits.
`
`For example, the process of LDPC-encoding a signal per IEEE 802.11 includes obtaining a
`block of data in the signal to be encoded. The IEEE 802.11 LDPC codes are block codes.
`Each signal to be encoded, e.g. an MPDU from the MAC layer, is divided into one or more
`blocks of data including information bits as shown in Table 20-14.
`
`\
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.2 (emphasis added); see also 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.2; 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.2.
`
`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.3(emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.3; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.3.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
`
`See also IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.4, Tables R.1 to R.3 and IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.4, Tables F-1 to F-3 and IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.4, Tables F-1 to F-3,
`showing “Parity-check matrices” in block form, thus further indicating that blocks of data
`in the signal are encoded.
`
`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.4; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 20.3.11.7.4; IEEE
`802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.4.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Figure 20-13; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Figure 20-13; IEEE
`802.11-2020 at Figure 19-13.
`
`Annex G of IEEE 802.11n-2009 and Annex L of IEEE 802.11-2012 and Annex I of IEEE
`802.11-2020 provide examples of how a block of data in the signal to be encoded is
`received.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Annex G, § G.2.1; see also IEEE 8022.11-2012 at Annex L,
`§ L.2.1; IEEE 802.11-2020 at Annex I, § I.2.2.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`* * *
`
`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Annex G, § G.2.5; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Annex L, § L.2.5;
`IEEE 802.11-2020 at Annex I, § I.2.6.
`
`See also IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Annex G, § § G.3.1, G.3.5; IEEE 802.11-2012 at Annex L
`§ L.3.1, L.3.5; IEEE 802.11-2020 at Annex I, § I.3.2, I.3.6.
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`For example, to the extent that Samsung contends that their LDPC encoding and/or
`decoding implementations do not literally infringe because they do not receive a block of
`data in a “signal” to be encoded, e.g., by construing “signal” to mean an analog waveform,
`the accused products would infringe under the doctrine of equivalents because they receive
`a block of data in a digital representation of a signal to be encoded. Whether or not the
`block of data is received from an analog waveform or its digital equivalent is an
`insubstantial difference: both scenarios accomplish substantially the same function of
`obtaining data to be encoded, in substantially the same way, i.e., processing that data as a
`block including information bits, and accomplish substantially the same result of preparing
`a block of data including information bits for encoding by the LDPC encoder.
`
`[1b] performing a first encoding
`operation on at least some of the
`information bits, the first encoding
`operation being a linear transform
`
`The Accused Products perform a first encoding operation on at least some of the
`information bits, the first encoding operation being a linear transform operation that
`generates L transformed bits.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`operation that generates L transformed
`bits; and
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, which perform a first
`encoding operation on at least some of the information bits, the first encoding operation
`being a linear transform operation that generates L transformed bits.
`
`As shown below, the parity check matrices of the LDPC codes in the 802.11 standard use a
`dual diagonal pattern. This dual diagonal pattern permits efficient “first encoding” and
`“second encoding.”
`
`The 802.11 standard defines a codeword c = (i0,i1,…i(k-1), p0,p1,…p(n-k-1)), with information
`bits i and parity bits p. The parity bits p may be determined from a parity check matrix H
`by computing H x cT = 0.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.3 (emphasis added); see also IEEE802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.3; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.3.
`
`The parity check matrix H for each block size and code rate is defined in Tables R.1 to R.3
`of the 802.11n-2009 amendment, and in Tables F-1 to F-3 of the 802.11-2012 standard;
`and the 802.11-2020 standard.
`
`
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`* * *
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`
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Annex R, Table R.1; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Annex F, Table
`F-1; IEEE 802.11-2020 at Annex F, Table F-1.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.4; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 20.3.11.7.4; IEEE
`802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.4.
`
`The parity check matrices may also be represented as a combination of two matrices, H1
`and H2, where H = [H1 H2], H1 is an (n-k) x k matrix, and H2 is an (n-k) x (n-k) matrix,
`such that H1 x iT + H2 x pT = 0, i = (i0,i1,…i(k-1)) and p = (p0,p1,…p(n-k-1)). The dual
`diagonal structure of H2 makes its inverse multiplication (and thus the encoding) efficient.
`
`The parity check matrices may be used to generate a Tanner Graph that reflects the code
`structure. The Tanner Graph representation of the 802.11 parity check matrices show the
`first encoding operation generating L transformed bits.
`
`For example, in the exemplary Tanner Graph shown below for the (648, 486) code (R =
`3/4), the dashed green rectangle illustrates the first encoding operation. This encoding
`operation takes 486 information bits as inputs and generate 162 transformed bits.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
`
`See also Appendix B (showing exemplary Tanner Graph representations for all 12 parity
`check matrices defined in the 802.11 standards).
`
`Zooming in on the left-hand portion of the exemplary Tanner Graph shows that the
`information bits are inputs to the first encoding operation:
`
`
`See also Appendix B.
`
`The first encoding operation processes each information bit to generate a subset of the L
`transformed bits, reflected by the green line segments in the exemplary Tanner Graph, as
`shown below:
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`
`
`See also Appendix B.
`
`Different information bits are used in different numbers of subsets of L transformed bits, as
`shown below:
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`The information bits are interleaved, as shown below:
`
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`See also Appendix B.
`
`Subsets of interleaved information bits are then summed at each check node, as represented
`in the exemplary Tanner Graph at the points where green line segments intersect with red
`line segments.
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`
`
`
`
`See also Appendix B.
`
`The above illustrated first encoding operation is a linear transform operation because it is
`comprised of a series of linear operations—specifically, interleaving followed by binary
`summation.
`
`As shown by their corresponding exemplary Tanner Graphs, each of the eleven other parity
`check matrices provided in the 802.11 standard—(1944, 974); (1296, 648); (648, 324);
`(1944, 1296); (1296, 864); (648, 432); (1944, 1458); (1296, 972); (1944, 1620); (1296,
`1080); and (648,540)—define a code whose encoding involves a first encoding operation
`on at least some of the information bits, the first encoding operation being a linear
`transform operation that generates L transformed bits. See Appendix B.
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`[1c] performing a second encoding
`operation using the L transformed bits
`as an input, the second encoding
`operation including an accumulation
`operation in which the L transformed
`bits generated by the first encoding
`operation are accumulated, said second
`encoding operation producing at least a
`portion of a codeword, wherein L is
`
`two or more.
`
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`The Accused Products perform a second encoding operation using the L transformed bits
`as an input, the second encoding operation including an accumulation operation in which
`the L transformed bits generated by the first encoding operation are accumulated, said
`second encoding operation producing at least a portion of a codeword, wherein L is
`
`two or more.
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, which perform a
`second encoding operation using the L transformed bits as an input, the second encoding
`operation including an accumulation operation in which the L transformed bits generated
`by the first encoding operation are accumulated, said second encoding operation producing
`at least a portion of a codeword, wherein L is two or more.
`
`As shown below, the parity check matrix of the LDPC codes in the 802.11 standard use a
`dual diagonal pattern. This dual diagonal pattern permits efficient “first encoding” and
`“second encoding.”
`
`The dual diagonal pattern results in the second encoding including an accumulation
`operation because at least some parity bits will be equal to the sum of a transformed bit and
`another parity bit. The second encoding operation generates parity bits, which are a portion
`of the codeword.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
`
`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.3 (emphasis added); see also IEEE802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.3; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.3.
`
`* * *
`
`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Annex R, Table R.1; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Annex F, Table
`F-1; IEEE 802.11-2020 at Annex F, Table F-1.
`
`
`
`
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
`
`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`
`
`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.4; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 20.3.11.7.4; IEEE
`802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.4.
`
`The parity check matrices may be used to generate a Tanner Graph that reflects the code
`structure. The Tanner Graph representation of the 802.11 parity check matrices show the
`second encoding operation using the L transformed bits to generate at least a portion of a
`codeword.
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`For example, in the exemplary Tanner Graph shown below for the (648, 486) code (R =
`3/4), the dashed red rectangle illustrates the second encoding operation. This encoding
`operation takes 162 transformed bits as inputs and generates 162 parity bits.
`
`See also Appendix B (showing exemplary Tanner Graph representations for all 12 parity
`check matrices defined in the 802.11 standard).
`
`Zooming in on the right-hand portion of the exemplary Tanner Graph shows that the L
`transformed bits are inputs to the second encoding operation:
`
`
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
`
`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`
`
`See also Appendix B.
`
`The second encoding operation accumulates the L transformed bits to generate parity bits,
`as shown above. The zig-zagging red line segments reflect the accumulation of the L
`transformed bits to generate parity bits. The parity bits are at least a portion of the
`codeword.
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`For example, to the extent that Samsung contends that their LDPC encoding and/or
`decoding implementations do not literally infringe because they do not perform distinct
`first and second encoding operations (e.g., because each parity bit is generated in a single
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`operation that incorporates both of the claimed first and second encoding operations), the
`accused products would infringe under the doctrine of equivalents because they generate at
`parity bits by combining a plurality of information bits with previous parity bits. Whether
`or not the first and second encoding operations are performed separately, in sequence, or
`combined into a single step is an insubstantial difference: both scenarios accomplish
`substantially the same function of generating parity bits, in substantially the same way, i.e.,
`using a plurality of information bits and a previous parity bit to generate a successive
`parity bit, and accomplish substantially the same result of providing an efficient and
`effective linear error correction code.
`
`Alternatively, to the extent that Samsung contends that their LDPC encoding and/or
`decoding implementations do not literally infringe because they do not perform an
`accumulation (e.g., because parity bits are generated by computing the sum of the L
`transformed bits and other parity bits, without an accumulator), the accused products
`would infringe under the doctrine of equivalents because they generate parity bits by
`combining a plurality of information bits with previous parity bits. Whether or not this
`combination is performed in an accumulator (which performs a type of summation) is an
`insubstantial difference: both scenarios accomplish substantially the same function of
`generating parity bits, in substantially the same way, i.e., using a plurality of information
`bits and a previous parity bit to generate a successive parity bit, and accomplish
`substantially the same result of providing an efficient and effective linear error correction
`code.
`
`Claim 2 [not asserted]
`
`
`
`[2] The method of claim 1, further
`comprising:
`
`The Accused Products practice the method of claim 1.
`
`See supra [1]-[1c].
`
`[2a] outputting the codeword, wherein
`the codeword comprises parity bits.
`
`The Accused Products output a codeword, wherein the codeword comprises partiy bits.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, which output a
`codeword, wherein the codeword comprises partiy bits.
`
`For example, the LDPC encoder outputs a codeword “c” of size “n” that includes “k”
`information bits and “n-k” parity bits.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.3 (emphasis added); see also IEEE802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.3; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.3.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.6 (emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.6; IEEE 802.11-2020 § 19.3.11.7.6.
`
`
`
`
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Figure 20-13; IEEE 802.11-2012 at Figure 20-13; IEEE 802-11-
`2020 at Figure 19-13.
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`
`
`Claim 3
`
`
`
`[3] The method of claim 2, wherein
`outputting the codeword comprises:
`
`The Accused Products practice the method of claim 2.
`
`See claim [2]-[2a].
`
`[3a] outputting the parity bits; and
`
`The Accused Products output the parity bits.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, which output the
`parity bits.
`
`For example, the LDPC encoder outputs a codeword “c” of size “n” that includes “k”
`information bits and “n-k” parity bits.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.3 (emphasis added); see also IEEE802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.3; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.3.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.6 (emphasis added); see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.6; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.6.
`
`
`
`
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Figure 20-13; IEEE 802.11-2012 at Figure 20-13; IEEE 802.11-
`2020 at Figure 19-13.
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`
`
`The Accused Products output at least some of the information bits.
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, which output at least
`some of the information bits.
`
`For example, the LDPC encoder outputs a codeword “c” of size “n” that includes “k”
`information bits and “n-k” parity bits.
`
`[3b] outputting at least some of the
`information bits.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.3 (emphasis added); see also IEEE802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.3; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.3.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.6 (emphasis added); see also IEEE802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.6; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.6.
`
`
`
`
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Figure 20-13; IEEE 802.11-2012 at Figure 20-13; IEEE 802.11-
`2020 at Figure 19-13.
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`
`
`Claim 4
`
`
`
`[4] The method of claim 3, wherein
`outputting the codeword comprises:
`
`The Accused Products practice the method of claim 3.
`
`See claim [3]-[3b].
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`[4a] outputting the parity bits following
`the information bits.
`
`The Accused Products output the parity bits following the information bits.
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, which output the
`parity bits following the information bits.
`
`For example, the LDPC encoder outputs a codeword “c” of size “n” that includes “k”
`information bits followed by “n-k” parity bits.
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.3 (emphasis added); see also IEEE802.11-2012 at
`§ 20.3.11.7.3; IEEE 802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.3.
`
`
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Figure 20-13; IEEE 802.11-2012 at Figure 20-13; IEEE 802.11-
`2020 at Figure 19-13.
`
`See also, e.g., IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Annex G, § G.2.5, G.3.5; IEEE 802.11-2012 at
`Annex L, § L.2.5, L.3.5; IEEE 802.11-2020 at Annex I, § I.2.6, I.3.6. (showing in
`examples that LDPC encoder appends parity bits after information bits).
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`Claim 5
`
`
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`Analysis
`
`[5] The method of claim 2, wherein
`performing the first encoding operation
`comprises transforming the at least
`some of the information bits via a low
`density generator matrix
`transformation.
`
`The Accused Products practice the method of claim 2.
`
`See claim [2]-[2a].
`
`In the Accused Products, performing the first encoding operation comprises transforming
`the at least some of the information bits via a low density generator matrix transformation.
`
`For example, the Accused Products implement the IEEE Standards, and in said standards
`performing the first encoding operation comprises transforming the at least some of the
`information bits via a low density generator matrix transformation.
`
`As shown below, the parity check matrix of the LDPC codes in the 802.11 standard use a
`dual diagonal pattern. This dual diagonal pattern permits efficient “first encoding” and
`“second encoding.”
`
`* * *
`
`
`
`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at Annex R, Table R.1; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at Annex F, Table
`F-1; IEEE 802.11-2020 at Annex F, Table F-1.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IEEE 802.11n-2009 at § 20.3.11.6.4; see also IEEE 802.11-2012 at § 20.3.11.7.4; IEEE
`802.11-2020 at § 19.3.11.7.4.
`
`As shown in [1b] and [1c], the 802.11 LDPC codes can be represented using a Tanner
`Graph that includes the claimed first and second encoding operations.
`
`This first encoding operation can also be described using a low density generator matrix
`(LDGM). An exemplary LDGM for the (648, 486) LDPC code (R=3/4) is shown below.
`The matrix is 486 by 162. Dots are used to show the locations in the LDGM that are equal
`to one. All other locations are equal to zero. Other LDGMs with the information bits
`(inputs) and check nodes (outputs) in a different order may also be used, and would satisfy
`the claim limitation.
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`Exhibit 3 – Preliminary Claim Chart For U.S. Patent No. 7,916,781
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`Claim Language
`
`Analysis
`
`See also Appendix B (showing corresponding exemplary LDGMs for all 12 parity check
`matrices defined in the 802.11 standard).
`
`Analysis of the 12 parity check matrices defined in the 802.11 standard shows the
`generator matrix used in connection with the first encoding operation is low density. The
`following are the densities of exemplary LDGMs generated from the 12 parity check
`matrices defined in the 802.11 standard:
`
`
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`Claim Language
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`Analysis
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`LDGM Number Density
`LDGM 1
`1.6204%
`LDGM 2
`2.0544%
`LDGM 3
`2.572%
`LDGM 4
`3.6574%
`LDGM 5
`0.78447%
`LDGM 6
`1.0272%
`LDGM 7
`1.286%
`LDGM 8
`1.7593%
`LDGM 9
`0.52298%
`LDGM 10
`0.6848%
`LDGM 11
`0.82305%
`LDGM 12
`1.0802%
`
`On information and belief, products made or sold by Samsung that implement the IEEE
`Standards do so in such a way that infringes this limitation. To the extent that Samsung
`contends that their LDPC encoding and/or decoding implementations do not literally
`infringe the limitations of this claim, such differences are insubstantial and thus the claim
`limitations are satisfied under the doctrine of equivalents.
`
`For example, to the extent that Samsung contends that their LDPC encoding and/or
`decoding implementations do not literally infringe because they do not perform