throbber
Telecommunications
`Applications With the
`TMS320C5x DSPs
`
`Application
`Book
`
`1994
`
`Digital Signal Processing Products
`
`
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 1 of 317
`
`

`

`Printed in U.S.A., October 1994
`
`SPRA033
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 2 of 317
`
`

`

`Application
`Book
`
`Telecommunications Applications
`With the TMS320C5x DSPs
`
`1994
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 3 of 317
`
`

`

`Telecommunications Applications
`With the TMS320C5x DSPs
`
`Edited by Mansoor A. Chishtie
`
`Digital Signal Processing Applications — Semiconductor Group
`Texas Instruments Incorporated
`
`SPRA033
`October 1994
`
`Printed on Recycled Paper
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 4 of 317
`
`

`

`Part I
`Introduction
`
`CommScope, Inc.
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`
`

`

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`

`

`Part II
`Digital Cellular Systems
`
`CommScope, Inc.
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`Page 7 of 317
`
`

`

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`
`

`

`Part III
`Speech Synthesis
`
`CommScope, Inc.
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`Page 9 of 317
`
`

`

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`

`

`Part IV
`Error-Correction Coding
`
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`

`

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`

`

`Part V
`Baseband Modulation and Demodulation
`
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`

`

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`

`

`Part VI
`Equalization and Channel Estimation
`
`CommScope, Inc.
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`Page 15 of 317
`
`

`

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`

`

`Part VII
`Speech and Character
`Recognition Algorithms
`
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`

`

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`

`

`Part VIII
`System Design Considerations
`
`CommScope, Inc.
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`

`

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`

`

`Part IX
`Bibliography
`
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`

`

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`

`

`IMPORTANT NOTICE
`
`Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to
`discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its
`customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing
`orders, that the information being relied on is current.
`
`TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products and related software to the
`specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty.
`Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary
`to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not
`necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements.
`
`Certain applications using semiconductor products may involve potential risks of death,
`personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage (“Critical Applications”).
`
`INTENDED,
`TI SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED,
`AUTHORIZED, OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT
`APPLICATIONS, DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS.
`
`Inclusion of TI products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the
`customer. Use of TI products in such applications requires the written approval of an
`appropriate TI officer. Questions concerning potential risk applications should be directed
`to TI through a local SC sales office.
`
`In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design
`and operating safeguards should be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or
`procedural hazards.
`
`TI assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software
`performance, or infringement of patents or services described herein. Nor does TI
`warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any
`patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering
`or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor
`products or services might be or are used.
`
`Copyright  1994, Texas Instruments Incorporated
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 23 of 317
`
`

`

`Preface
`
`This book belongs to a growing series of digital signal processing application books that Texas Instruments
`has published over the years. Some of these books are broad in content and cover a wide variety of
`DSP-related technologies and applications. Others are more focused and concentrate on one DSP
`application area. TI has also published many individual application reports. This particular collection of
`application reports focuses primarily on a variety of DSP applications that are related to the field of
`telecommunications and implemented on the ’C5x generation of the TMS320 family.
`
`This book is divided into nine parts, including the introduction and the bibliography:
`Part I
`Introduction
`Part II
`Digital Cellular Systems
`Part III
`Speech Synthesis
`Part IV
`Error-Correction Coding
`Part V
`Baseband Modulation and Demodulation
`Part VI
`Equalization and Channel Estimation
`Part VII
`Speech and Character Recognition Algorithms
`Part VIII
`System Design Considerations
`Part IX
`Bibliography
`
`Part I introduces the TMS320 family and the TMS320C5x generation; it also summarizes various
`telecommunications applications that use TMS320C5x DSPs. Parts II – VIII discuss major application
`topics.
`
`Most of the papers presented here are application reports written either by the engineering staff of the TI
`digital signal processing department (including factory and field personnel and summer students) or by
`third parties. Some of the papers were contributed by other departments within TI. It is generally assumed
`that reader is DSP literate and has some exposure to the TMS320 DSP family.
`
`The application reports presented in this book represent practical implementations of DSP algorithms.
`Source code associated with these reports is not listed in this book because of space constraints. However,
`most of the papers have associated source code that is publicly available from the TMS320 DSP Bulletin
`Board System (BBS) at 713–274–2323. The contents of this BBS are also mirrored at an Internet
`anonymous FTP site ti.com. Some technical papers included here present commercial implementations that
`are licensable from respective organizations. The technical data sheets of these implementations will also
`be included in a future update of the TMS320 Software Cooperative Library.
`
`The editor would like to thank all the contributors and reviewers of this book. In particular, a special note
`of appreciation goes to Gene Frantz, Jay Reimer, Raj Chirayil, and Paul Buenaflor for their encouragement
`and helpful suggestions in improving the overall structure of this book. It is our hope that this book will
`help you in making the transition to DSP-based telecommunication applications. Lastly, the editor would
`like to acknowledge the untiring efforts of Ms. Katie Delbridge in planning and coordinating this project.
`
`Mansoor A. Chishtie
`Telecom Applications
`Digital Signal Processing
`Semiconductor Group
`Texas Instruments Incorporated
`
`iii
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
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`
`

`

`iv
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 25 of 317
`
`CommScope, Inc.
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`

`

`Contents
`Title
`
`Page
`
`Part I: Introduction
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`1
`Overview
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3
`Programmable Versus Hard-Wired Solutions
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3
`Fixed-Point Versus Floating-Point Solutions
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4
`TMS320 Digital Signal Processors
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5
`TMS320C5x Architecture
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7
`Summary of Telecom Applications Topics
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9
`Bibliographies and Other References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10
`
`Part II: Digital Cellular Systems
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Digital Cellular Phone: A Functional Analysis
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Transmitter
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Receiver
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Summary
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`IS-54 Simulation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Description
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Using the Simulation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Code Availability
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`11
`13
`14
`24
`29
`29
`31
`33
`35
`39
`40
`40
`
`Part III: Speech Synthesis
`
`Theory and Implementation of the Digital Cellular Standard Voice Coder:
`VSELP on the TMS320C5x
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Overview of VSELP
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Speech Decoder
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Features of VSELP
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`TMS320C5x Real-Time Implementation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`A Typical Digital Cellular Vocoder Configuration
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Code Availability
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`41
`43
`43
`57
`59
`59
`60
`61
`61
`
`v
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`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 26 of 317
`
`

`

`Contents
`Title
`
`Page
`
`Part IV: Error-Correction Coding
`
`U.S. Digital Cellular Error-Correction Coding
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Algorithm Implementation on the TMS320C5x
`63
`Abstract
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`65
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`65
`VSELP Channel Format
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`66
`FACCH Channel Format
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`73
`Code Availability
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`75
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`75
`Viterbi Implementation on the TMS320C5x for V.32 Modems
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`77
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`79
`Standard V.32 Encoder
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`82
`Viterbi Decoder
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`85
`Viterbi Decoder Implementation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`90
`Performance Analysis
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`96
`Summary
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`100
`Code Availability
`100
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`101
`A TMS320C53-Based Enhanced Forward Error-Correction Scheme for
`U.S. Digital Cellular Radio
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Abstract
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Algorithm Description
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Implementation Details
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Results
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Conclusions
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`103
`105
`105
`105
`107
`108
`109
`109
`
`Part V: Baseband Modulation and Demodulation
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`IS-54 Digital Cellular Modem Implementation on the TMS320C5x
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Description of p/4-QPSK Modulation Scheme
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Theory of the p/4-DQPSK Modem
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Modem Implementation on the TMS320C5x
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Performance Results
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Summary
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Code Availability
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`111
`113
`113
`115
`119
`126
`129
`129
`130
`
`vi
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`Page 27 of 317
`
`

`

`Contents
`Page
`Title
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`131
`A DSP GMSK Modem for Mobitex and Other Wireless Infrastructures
`133
`Abstract
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`133
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mobitex DSP Modem Characteristics
`135
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Modulator Design
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`137
`GMSK Demodulator Design
`140
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Conclusions
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`144
`Code Availability
`144
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`145
`
`Part VI: Equalization and Channel Estimation
`Equalization Concepts: A Tutorial
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`What Is Intersymbol Interference?
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Equalization
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`LMS Equalization
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Code Availability
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Channel Equalization for the IS-54 Digital Cellular System With the TMS320C5x
`. . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Design Considerations
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Equalizer Design
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Choosing an Update Algorithm
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Code Availability
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Digital Voice Echo Canceler Implementation on the TMS320C5x
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`’C5x Device Features Used in This Implementation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Conclusion
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Acknowledgements
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Code Availability
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Appendix: Schematic of the Dual-Telephone Interface for the TMS320C51 SWDS
`. . . . . . . .
`
`147
`149
`149
`159
`167
`174
`174
`177
`179
`179
`183
`186
`187
`187
`189
`191
`191
`201
`201
`201
`201
`202
`
`vii
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 28 of 317
`
`

`

`Contents
`Title
`Part VII: Speech and Character Recognition Algorithms
`
`Page
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`DSP-Based Handprinted Character Recognition
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Architecture
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`System-Level Software
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Results
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`References
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Implementation of an HMM-Based, Speaker-Independent Speech Recognition System
`on the TMS320C2x and TMS320C5x
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Abstract
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Background
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`The TMS320-Based HMM Recognizer
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`System Considerations
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Conclusion
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Automated Dialing of Cellular Telephones Using Speech Recognition
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`The Technology
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`The Human Interface
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`The Implementation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Accuracy
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Code Availability
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Summary
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Part VIII: System Design Considerations
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`The PCMCIA DSP Card: An All-in-One Communications System
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`System Architecture
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Operation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Conclusion
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Software Coding Guidelines for ’C5x Developers
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Introduction
`Hardware Platform Overview
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Software Organization
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Memory Organization
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Programming Guidelines
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Source Code Documentation
`Appendix: A Sample Linker Command File for the ’C5x Card
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`203
`205
`206
`207
`211
`212
`
`213
`215
`215
`215
`218
`226
`229
`231
`231
`232
`233
`234
`235
`236
`
`237
`239
`240
`242
`245
`247
`249
`249
`249
`252
`253
`254
`255
`
`viii
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 29 of 317
`
`

`

`Contents
`Page
`Title
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`259
`TCM320AC3x/4x Voice-Band Audio Processors
`261
`Introduction
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Principles of Operation
`262
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Transmit Channel
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`262
`Receive Channel
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`264
`Timing and Clocking
`265
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Fixed- and Variable-Data-Rate Modes
`266
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Application Information
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`267
`
`Part IX: Bibliography
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Bibliography
`TMS320 Bibliography
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mobile Radio Systems
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Modulation and Demodulation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Equalization, Channel Estimation, and Adaptive Filtering
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Speech Recognition
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Speech Compression
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`System Design Considerations
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`271
`273
`273
`274
`274
`275
`276
`280
`
`ix
`
`CommScope, Inc.
`IPR2023-00066, Ex. 1013
`Page 30 of 317
`
`

`

`5.
`
`List of Illustrations
`Page
`Title
`Figure
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1
`Introduction
`5
`TMS320 Family of Devices
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.
`Key Features of the TMS320C5x Architecture
`8
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.
`Digital Cellular Phone: A Functional Analysis
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11
`1.
`Functional Components of a DualĆMode (ISĆ54) Cellular Phone
`13
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.
`Functional Blocks of the Digital Portion of a DualĆMode Phone
`14
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.
`FrontĆEnd Analog Section Converts Audio to a 64Ćkbps Data Stream
`15
`. . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.
`FullĆRate Speech Coder (VSELP) Reduces a 64Ćkbps
`Data Stream to an 8Ćkbps Data Stream
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`A Channel Coder and Its Functional Components
`With Associated Data Rates
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Error Protection via Convolutional Coding and CRC Computation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.
`Error Protection Adds 101 Extra Bits per Speech Frame
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7.
`Interleaving Adjacent Frames for Error Protection
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.
`ControlĆSignal Multiplexing
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.
`10. Burst Generator
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11. A 4ĆLevel Modulator Groups Two Bits to Form a Symbol
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`12.
`p/4 Differential Quaternary PSK Modulator States
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`13.
`p/4 DQPSK Modulator
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`14. Linear RF Amplifiers Are Needed for ISĆ54 Cellular Phone
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`15. RF Portion of Receiver Section of DualĆMode Cellular Phone
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`16. An MLSE Adaptive Equalizer
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`17. Channel Decoding and Speech Decoding
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`ISĆ54 Simulation
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`15
`
`17
`18
`18
`19
`20
`21
`22
`22
`23
`23
`24
`26
`27
`31
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`ISĆ54B Simulation Processing Block Diagram
`1.
`ISĆ54 Error Encoding and Interleaving
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.
`ISĆ54 Convolutional Encoding Block Diagram
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.
`ISĆ54 Slot Formats
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.
`Theory and Implementation of the Digital Cellular Standard Voice Coder:
`VSELP on the TMS320C5x
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`LPC Filter Coefficient Quantization and Interpolation
`1.
`Adaptive Code Book Search
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.
`Code Book Search Signal Flow
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.
`Possible Digital Cellular System Configuration
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.
`U.S. Digital Cellular ErrorĆCorrection Coding
`Algorithm Implementation on the TMS320C5x
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`1.
`2.
`3.
`4.
`5.
`6.
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Voice and

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