`
`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`
`FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
`
`MARSHALL DIVISION
`
`Luminati Networks Ltd.,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`Vv.
`
`Teso LT, UAB, Oxysales, UAB, and
`Metacluster LT, UAB,
`
`Defendants.
`
`
`
`Civil Action No.
`
`2:19-cv-00395-IRG
`
`Lead Case
`
`FILED UNDER SEAL
`
`OXYLABS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT OF INVALIDITY
`
`SIEBMAN, FORREST,
`BurcG & SmitH LLP
`
`MICHAEL C. SMITH
`
`CHARHON CALLAHAN
`Rosson & GARZA, PLLC
`
`STEVEN CALLAHAN
`CRAIG TOLLIVER
`GEORGET. “JORDE” SCOTT
`
`MITCHELL SIBLEY
`
`Counselfor Teso LT, UAB, Oxysales, UAB,
`and Metacluster LT, UAB
`
`Code200, UAB,etal. v. Bright Data Ltd.
`IPR2023-00038, EX. 2003
`1 of 34
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`February 5, 2021
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`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.
`II.
`
`III.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Statement Of Issues To Be Decided ................................................................................... 1
`Undisputed Material Facts .................................................................................................. 1
`A.
`Invalidity Facts ............................................................................................................. 1
`B. Eligibility Facts............................................................................................................. 2
`The Court Should Grant Summary Judgment That The Asserted Claims Of The
`319 And 510 Patents Are Invalid In View Of Crowds .................................................... 2
`A. There Is No Genuine Dispute That Crowds Anticipates Claim 1 Of The 319
`And 510 Patents. ......................................................................................................... 2
`1. Crowds discloses every limitation of claim 1 ............................................................. 3
`a)
`The limitations of 319 Patent claim 1 are met ................................................. 4
`b)
`The limitations of 510 Patent claim 1 are met ................................................. 6
`2. Luminatis attempt to distinguish Crowds relies on a contradiction of the
`Courts claim construction .......................................................................................... 8
`a)
`The Court construed first client device and second server ......................... 8
`b)
`The jondo 4 is a second server in the path discussed above ....................... 9
`c)
`Crowds jondos perform the same steps that Dr. Rhyne assigns to the
`corresponding components of the Accused Systems for purposes of
`alleged infringement ........................................................................................ 10
`Luminati and Dr. Rhyne flout the Courts claim construction ........................ 11
`Luminatis and Dr. Rhynes flawed claim construction position is
`internally inconsistent ...................................................................................... 12
`
`
`
`
`
`
`d)
`e)
`
`
`
`
`
`f)
`
`Even if Dr. Rhynes understanding of a server is accepted, Crowds
`expressly discloses such a server operating a jondo ........................................ 15
`
`
`B. There Is No Dispute That Crowds Anticipates The Dependent Claims Of
`The 319 Patent ........................................................................................................... 16
`1. Claim 2 ...................................................................................................................... 17
`2. Claims 14-15 ............................................................................................................. 18
`3. Claims 17-18 ............................................................................................................. 18
`4. Claims 21-22 and 24-25 ............................................................................................ 19
`5. Claim 26 .................................................................................................................... 19
`6. Claim 27 .................................................................................................................... 20
`C. There Is No Dispute That Crowds Anticipates The
`Dependent Claims Of The 510 Patent. ...................................................................... 20
`
`i
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`1. Claim 2 ...................................................................................................................... 20
`2. Claims 8-9 ................................................................................................................. 21
`3. Claims 10-11 ............................................................................................................. 21
`4. Claim 13 .................................................................................................................... 22
`5. Claim 15 .................................................................................................................... 22
`6. Claim 16 .................................................................................................................... 22
`7. Claims 18-19 ............................................................................................................. 23
`8. Claim 20 .................................................................................................................... 23
`9. Claim 22 .................................................................................................................... 23
`10. Claim 23 .................................................................................................................... 23
`The Court Should Grant Summary Judgment of Invalidity Because The Asserted
`Claims Fail 35 U.S.C. § 101 ............................................................................................. 24
`Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 28
`
`IV.
`
`V.
`
`
`
`ii
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`
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Page(s)
`
`CASES
`
`Alice Corp. Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank Intl,
`573 U.S. 208 (2014) .................................................................................................1, 24, 25, 27
`
`Intellectual Ventures I LLC v. Erie Indem. Co.,
`850 F.3d 1315 (Fed. Cir. 2017)................................................................................................27
`
`Reese v. Sprint Nextel Corp.,
`774 Fed. Appx 656 (Fed. Cir. 2019) .......................................................................................27
`
`Specialized Monitoring Solutions, LLC v. ADT LLC,
`367 F. Supp. 3d 575 (E.D. Tex. 2019) .....................................................................................27
`
`SRI Intl, Inc. v. Cisco Systems, Inc.,
`930 F.3d 1295 (Fed. Cir. 2019)................................................................................................26
`
`Voip-Pal.Com, Inc. v. Apple Inc.,
`411 F. Supp. 3d 926 (N.D. Cal. 2019) .....................................................................................27
`
`STATUTES
`
`35 U.S.C. § 101 ........................................................................................................................24, 27
`
`35 U.S.C. § 102(b) ...........................................................................................................................2
`
`OTHER AUTHORITIES
`
`Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c) ................................................................................................................24, 27
`
`iii
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`Defendants Teso LT, UAB, Oxysales, UAB, and Metacluster LT, UAB (collectively,
`
`Oxylabs) file this Motion for Summary Judgment of Invalidity:
`
`I.
`
`STATEMENT OF ISSUES TO BE DECIDED
`
`This motion for summary judgment presents two issues for the Court to decide:
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`Whether the Crowds prior-art reference invalidates the 510 and 319 patents; and
`
`Whether Alice renders the Patents-in-Suit invalid for impermissibly claiming an
`abstract idea.
`
`II.
`
`UNDISPUTED MATERIAL FACTS
`
`A.
`
`1.
`
`Invalidity Facts
`
`Crowds: Anonymity for Web Transactions Ex. 1 (Crowds) is an article authored
`
`by Michael K. Reiter of Bell Laboratories and Aviel D. Rubin of AT&T Labs, and published in
`
`1998 in the ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, Vol. 1, No. 1, November
`
`1998, Pages 66-92. Crowds states that it was published in November 1998. ACM confirms in a
`
`declaration that Crowds was published in the November 1998 journal. Ex. 2. Crowds was not
`
`before the Patent Office during prosecution of the patents.
`
`2.
`
`For claim 1 of both the 319 and 510 patents, Luminatis expert, Dr. Thomas
`
`Rhyne, contests only whether the jondo 4in the sample 5
`
`4 6 server path discussed by
`
`Dr. Freedmanis the second server recited in the claim. Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 230:14-22.
`
`3.
`
`Like all network servers, jondos are identied by their IP address and port num-
`
`ber. Ex. 1 (Crowds) at 90.1 The jondos were tested on a 150-MHz Sparc 20 workstation running
`
`SunOS 4.1.4. Id. at 82. Crowds also discusses use of Unix platforms for jondos. Id. at 81.
`
`
`1 All emphases in quotations have been added, unless otherwise indicated.
`
`1
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`4.
`
`The Court rejected Luminatis argument that a client device is specifically not a
`
`server. ECF No. 191 at 11. Despite this, Dr. Rhynes opinion is that a client device is specifi-
`
`cally not a server. Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 70:3-11, 228:18-229:13.
`
`B.
`
`5.
`
`Eligibility Facts
`
`HTTP, TCP/IP, proxy servers, P2P, CDNs, VPNs, resource management, conges-
`
`tion control, use of client and mobile operating systems, and use of smartphones were well-
`
`known to a POSA in 2009. Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) at ¶¶ 52-57, 59-69, and 73-74.
`
`6.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`III. THE COURT SHOULD GRANT SUMMARY JUDGMENT THAT THE
`ASSERTED CLAIMS OF THE 319 AND 510 PATENTS ARE INVALID IN
`VIEW OF CROWDS
`
`A.
`
`There Is No Genuine Dispute That Crowds Anticipates Claim 1 Of The 319
`And 510 Patents
`
`Crowds was published in the ACM Transactions on Information and System Security in
`
`November 1998 and is prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b). See Section II.A. Luminatis expert
`
`admits that the only issue
`
`
`
` Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 230:14-22; Ex. 6 at ¶¶ 132-
`
`139, 152-160.2 As discussed in Section III.A.2 below, Dr. Rhynes opinions regarding the sec-
`
`ond server are based solely upon his decision to ignore the Courts Claim Construction Order.
`
`Despite Dr. Rhyne having only a narrow disagreement with Dr. Freedmans opinions regarding
`
`anticipation of claim 1 by Crowds, Oxylabs walks through the steps of claim 1 below.
`
`2 Dr. Rhyne also
` claim 1 of
`the 510 patent (Ex. 6 at ¶ 159), but that unsupported opinion lacks merit as discussed below.
`
`
`
`2
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`1.
`
`Crowds discloses every limitation of claim 1
`
`Crowds is a system for protecting users anonymity on the world-wide-web. Ex. 1
`
`(Crowds) at 66. A users request to a web server is not passed directly to the web server, but in-
`
`stead to a random member of the crowd, with the web request eventually submitted to the web
`
`server by a random member, thus preventing the end server from identifying its true initiator.
`
`Id. at 67. Crowds focus on anonymity matches up precisely with Luminatis assertions that its
`
`alleged inventions of the Asserted Patents achieve anonymity for web requests. ECF No. 28 at 7.
`
`A Crowds user is represented in a crowd by a process on her computer called a jondo
`
`that knows the membership of other members of the crowd. Ex. 1 at 73. After receiving the user
`
`request from the browser, the jondo initiates the establishment of a random path of jondos that
`
`carries its users transactions to and from their intended web servers. Id. Crowds illustrates a
`
`number of different jondo paths in Figure 2:
`
`
`
`One of many paths noted by Crowds is 5
`
`4
`
`6 server, where the initiator would be
`
`jondo 5, which would forward the web request to jondo 4 on another users computer, which
`
`would forward the request to jondo 6 on another users computer, which would make the re-
`
`quest to the target web server. Id. at 73, Fig. 2; Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. A at 3-4.
`
`
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`3
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`a)
`
`The limitations of 319 Patent claim 1 are met
`
`Preamble: Each of the preamble elements is satisfied for the reasons provided in the dis-
`
`cussion of claim steps (a)-(d) below, because, as discussed below, each of steps (a)-(d) is by the
`
`first client device, is used with a first server (steps (b) and (c)) and second server (steps (a) and
`
`(d)), and the first server (web server) is an HTTP server that responds to HTTP requests and
`
`stores a first content identified by a first content identifier (URL) (steps (b) and (c)).
`
`As explained below in connection with steps (a)-(d), the preamble maps onto Crowds (in
`
`at least the example 5 4 6
`
`server path) as follows: the first client device would be jondo
`
`6; the second server would be jondo 4; the first server would be the target web server;
`
`the first content identifier would be the requested URL; the first content would be the re-
`
`quested web page at the requested URL. Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. A at 7.
`
`Claim step (a): Step (a) recites the first client device receiving, from the second server,
`
`the first content identifier. As noted above, each request in Crowds travels from the users
`
`browser, through some number of jondos, and nally to the end server. Ex. 1 at 73. In the ex-
`
`ample 5 4
`
`6 server path disclosed in Crowds, the last jondo in the path (jondo 6) sends
`
`the web request to the web server and would be the first client device. Jondos are started on a
`
`users computer, and a jondo has a standard IP address and port number. Id. at 73, 90.
`
`Jondo 4, from which jondo 6 receives the content identifier (URL) of the web con-
`
`tent to be retrieved, would be the second server. Jondo 4 is in the role of a server because it
`
`accepts a connection from jondo 5 to send back a response. Crowds confirms that server re-
`
`plies traverse the same path as the requests, only in reverse. Id. at 74. Like all network servers,
`
`jondos are identied by their IP address and port number. Id. at 90.
`
`Crowds is a system for execut[ing] web transactions (id. at 67) to web servers (id. at
`
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`66, 73, Fig. 2), with URLs as content identifiers (id. at 89 (Fig. 6)). This limitation is satisfied.
`
`Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. A at 10-15.
`
`Claim step (b): Step (b) recites sending, to the first server over the Internet, a Hypertext
`
`Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request that comprises the first content identifier. Multiple web serv-
`
`ers are shown in Crowds. Ex. 1 at Figure 2, 72. The web server or end server is the server for
`
`which the request was destined. Id. at 73. HTTP must be included in the proxied services (id. at
`
`73 n.1), and jondos operate as HTTP proxies (id. at Fig. 6).
`
`Step (b) is satisfied when the first client device (jondo 6) sends the URL to the first
`
`server (target Web Server[s]). Id. at 73-74, Fig. 2; Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. A at 15-18.
`
`Claim step (c): Step (c) recites receiving, the first content from the first server over the
`
`Internet in response to the sending of the first content identifier. As discussed above, the prima-
`
`ry purpose of Crowds is for the last jondo in the path (the first client device, or jondo 6) to
`
`receive the first content, such as the user specified web page. The initiating jondo establishes
`
`the random path of jondos that carries its users transactions to and from their intended web
`
`servers. Ex. 1 at 73. Further, server replies traverse the same path as the requests, only in re-
`
`verse. Id. at 74; see also id. at 82 (latency for retrieving web pages). Accordingly, step (c) is
`
`satisfied when the first client device (jondo 6) receives the requested web page (first content)
`
`for sending back to the requesting user. Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. A at 19-20.
`
`Claim step (d): Step (d) recites sending, the first content by the first client device to the
`
`second server, in response to the receiving of the first content identifier. As discussed immedi-
`
`ately above, Crowds discloses that the first client device (jondo 6) receives the first content
`
`from the web server. Further, as explained above regarding claim step (a), jondo 6 previously
`
`receives the first content identifier from the second server (jondo 4 in the above example
`
`5
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`path). The first client device (here, jondo “6”) sends the first content (web page content) back to
`
`the second server (here, jondo “4,” the prior jondo). The second server, jondo “4,” can then send
`
`the web page content back to the requesting user (here, jondo “5”).
`
`Accordingly, step (d) is satisfied when the “first client device” (jondo “6”) sends the re-
`
`quested webpage(first content) back to jondo “4.” Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. A at 20-21.
`
`b)
`
`Thelimitations of ’510 Patent claim 1 are met
`
`For the same reasons explained above, Crowds meets the limitations ofclaim 1.
`
`Claim step (a): Claim step (a) recites “establishing a Transmission Control Protocol
`
`(TCP) connection with a second server.” As explained above with respect to claim step (a) of the
`
`°319 patent, the first client device (jondo “6”) communicates with the second server (jondo “4”)
`
`and receives the first content identifier (URL) from jondo “4.”
`
`Crowds also expressly discloses TCP/IP usage, stating that “such failures are detected by
`
`the TCP/IP connection to the jondo breaking or being refused. .
`
`.” Ex.
`
`1 at 81. Further, HTTP
`
`must be included in the proxied services. /d. at 73 n.1; id. at 88 (the jondo “serves as the HTTP
`
`proxy of [user’s] browser”). Additionally, per Figure 6, URLs are used and jondos operate as
`
`HTTPproxies. A POSA would have understood at the relevant time period that HTTP works on
`
`top of TCP, at the application layer of the TCP/IP networking model. Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.)
`
`Appx.E at 9-10. Like HTTP, the TCP/IP networking model was well known to a POSA./d. This
`
`claimstep is satisfied by the TCP connection betweenjondo “4” and jondo “6.” Jd. at 8-10.
`
`
`
`3
`
`As discussed in Section LI.A.4 of Oxylabs’ Motion for Summary Judgment of Non-
`Infringement, filed concurrently herewith, Lumuinati alleges infringement when
`
`y for infringementand validity, Lumi-
`
`
`nati’s interpretation of claim 1 (if accepted by the Court) is anticipated by Crowds.
`
`6
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`Dr. Rhyne states that
`
` Ex. 6 (Rhyne Valid. Rep.) at ¶ 159. Dr. Rhynes conclusory and vague state-
`
`ment makes little sense given Dr. Freedmans opinions and Crowds express disclosure of TCP/IP
`
`connections between jondos. Dr. Rhynes conclusory statement is insufficient to provide a basis
`
`for any rebuttal opinion, and fails to create any genuine issue of material fact.
`
`Claim step (b): Claim step (b) recites sending, to the web server over an Internet, the
`
`first content identifier. This claim limitation is disclosed for the same reasons discussed above
`
`regarding step (b) of the 319 patent. For the same reasons explained above, this claim step is
`
`satisfied when jondo 6 sends to the web server the content identifier (URL) of the targeted
`
`content. Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. E at 12-14.
`
`Claim step (c): Claim step (c) recites receiving, the first content from the web server
`
`over the Internet in response to the sending of the first content identifier. This claim limitation
`
`is disclosed for the same reasons discussed above regarding step (c) of the 319 patent. For the
`
`same reasons explained above, this claim step is satisfied when jondo 6 receives the content
`
`from the web server. Id. at 15-16.
`
`Claim step (d): Claim step (d) recites sending the received first content, to the second
`
`server over the established TCP connection, in response to the receiving of the first content iden-
`
`tifier. This claim limitation is disclosed for the same reasons discussed above regarding step (d)
`
`of the 319 patent. Also, as discussed above regarding claim step (a) of the 510 patent, the jon-
`
`dos use a TCP connection. Crowds therefore anticipates claim 1 of the 510 patent.
`
`7
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`2.
`
`Luminatis attempt to distinguish Crowds relies on a contradiction of
`the Courts claim construction
`
`a)
`
`The Court construed first client device and second server
`
`Dr. Rhyne
`
`
`
` Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 230:14-22. The Courts Order construes client de-
`
`vice and second server in terms of their roles, which is typical for Internet communications.
`
`Client device is a communication device that is operating in the role of a client. ECF No.
`
`191 at 12. The Court expressly rejected Luminatis arguments that (i) a client device is a con-
`
`sumer computer (id. at 11) and (ii) a client device is specifically not a server (id.). For exam-
`
`ple, the Court stated, Luminatis second argumentthat a client device is specifically not a
`
`serveris not supported by the specification. Id. The Court further stated that the patent speci-
`
`fication disclosure is not sufficient to construe client device as unable to act as a server in all
`
`cases, and the Court declined to import the negative claim limitation[] proposed by Luminati.
`
`The Court construed second server as server that is not the client device. ECF No.
`
`191 at 13-14. The Court noted that claim 1 of the 510 Patent recites that the client device estab-
`
`lishes a TCP connection with the second server, and that [s]uch a connection would not be re-
`
`quired if the first client device and second server were the same device. Id. at 14. Therefore, the
`
`Court construed the claimed devices to be different devices (not the client device). See id.
`
`The Court noted that Luminatis own P.R. 4-2 extrinsic evidence cit[ed] sources that de-
`
`fine client as, for example, [t]he role adopted by an application when it is retrieving and/or
`
`rendering resources. Id.at 12 (citing to ECF No. 138-3). Oxylabs also notes that Luminatis
`
`same extrinsic evidence, for second server, offered a definition of server as [t]he role
`
`adopted by an application when it is supplying resources or resource manifestations, and [a]
`
`program which provides a service to another, known as the client. ECF No. 138-3 at 4.
`
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`Further, the 319 and 510 patents also refer in claim 1 to the use of the HTTP protocol,
`
`which is defined by the protocol RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1) released by the Internet Engineering
`
`Task Force in 1999. Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 203:19-204:7. The patents also expressly cite to RFC
`
`2616, and recite RFC 2616 in dependent claims. 319 Pat. at 16:22, claim 15; 510 Pat., claim 11.
`
`RFC 2616 confirms the role-based usage of client and server. For example, RFC 2616 de-
`
`fines a client as [a] program that establishes connections for the purpose of sending requests,
`
`while a server is defined as [a]n application program that accepts connections in order to ser-
`
`vice requests by sending back responses. Ex. 7 (RFC 2616) at §1.3. RFC 2616 also confirms
`
`that client and server refer to roles, and that [a]ny given program may be capable of being
`
`both a client and a server; our use of these terms refers only to the role being performed by the
`
`program for a particular connection. Id. at §1.3.
`
`b)
`
`The jondo 4 is a second server in the path discussed above
`
`As discussed above, a jondo in Crowds is an application on a computer that is used in a
`
`crowd of other jondos/computer to make web requests. Oxylabs explains above that jondo 6
`
`serves as the first client device and jondo 4 serves as the second server in the example
`
`5 4
`
`6
`
`server path. See Section III.A.1. Jondo 4 is a server in the above path because it
`
`sends back a response (the desired web content) to jondo 5. As Crowds notes, server replies
`
`traverse the same path as the requests, only in reverse. Ex. 1 at 74. Therefore, jondo 4 sends
`
`back a response to jondo 5. See Section VII.A.1. Dr. Rhyne
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 226:25-227:3.
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`Further, per the Court’s Claim Construction, jondo “4” is not jondo “6” (client device).
`
`>
`Asdiscussed above, jondo “4” is on a user’s computer, and jondo “6” would be on anotheruser’s
`
`computer. Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. A at 7. Dr. Ryit
`
`c)
`
`Crowds’ jondos perform the same steps that Dr. Rhyne assigns
`to the corresponding components of the Accused Systems for
`purposesof alleged infringement
`
`For purposes ofhis infringement opinion, Dr. Rhynetestified that it was his understand-
`
`ing that, in the AccusedSyste,
`
`Rhyneherby
`
`Dr. Rhyne wasalso asked a similar question about the disclosure in Crowds. The substan-
`
`tial similarityae
`
`Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 218:25-220:1. Dr. Rhyne further admitted
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` Id. at 220:2-16. Dr. Rhyne admits
`
`
`
`
`
` Id. at 226:11-14. As previously noted, jondo 4s
`
`response to another components request is characteristic of a server.
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`Dr. Rhyne
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`. In view of the plain disclosure of
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`Crowds
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` there is no question that Crowds anticipates claim 1, in-
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`cluding the role of jondo 4 as the second server.
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`d)
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`Luminati and Dr. Rhyne flout the Courts claim construction
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`Luminati and Dr. Rhyne make a mockery of the Courts Claim Construction Order in an
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`attempt to distinguish Crowds and other prior art. In the process of construing client device as
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`communication device that is operating in the role of a client, the Court unambiguously stated:
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`Luminatis second argumentthat a client device is specifically not a serveris not supported
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`by the specification. ECF No. 191 at 11. The Court also stated that the written description is
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`not sufficient to construe client device as unable to act as a server in all cases. Id. at 12. The
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`Court expressly rejected the negative limitations proposed by Luminati for client device.
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`The Court may compare the above language and its rejection of Luminatis proposal for
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`the negative limitation of a client device is specifically not a server with the following testi-
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`mony from Dr. Rhyne:
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`Ex. 3 at 69:8-12.
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`Dr. Rhyne misreads the Court’s Claim Construction Orderto arrive at his own construc-
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`tion that is actually the polar opposite of what the Court found:
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`
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`Id. at 70:3-11.
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`Dr. Rhyne madecls
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`I
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`Id. at 228:18-229:13.
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`Luminati’s and Dr. Rhyne’s argument—that Crowds cannot disclose a jondo on one
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`computer operating as a client and a jondo on another computer operating as a server—is based
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`on a refusal to abide by the Claim Construction Orderand should be rejected.
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`e)
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`Luminati’s and Dr. Rhyne’s flawed claim construction position
`is internally inconsistent
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`Lumuinati’s argument—in addition to defying the Court’s claim construction as discussed
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`above—is not eveninternally consistent. First, Luminati never argued during claim construction
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`that a second server must be comprised of some type of special server hardware, and it never
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`identified any such hardware description in the specification. As the Court noted, the issue was
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`whether the second server is a distinct device from the client device and web server. ECF No.
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`191 at 13. Luminati never arguedand cannot arguethat a server is restricted to a special
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`type of server hardware. And Luminati clearly did not invent any server hardware.
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`Second, Dr. Rhynes admissions in deposition
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` (Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 67:6-13),
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` (id. at 75:5-11). Dr. Rhyne later opined
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` Id. at 197:13-19. In Dr. Rhynes opinion, a server would
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`Id. at 201:22-202:4.
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`Dr. Rhynes
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`
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` Id. at 197:19-25.
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`.
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`13
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`EENove of this is remotely supported by the Court’s claim construction
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`or any definition in the patent specification. Again, Luminati never made any such arguments to
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`the Court during claim construction.
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`Third,it is notable that Dr. Rhyne
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`Indeed, when assessing infringement, Dr. Rhyne
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`Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 89:20-90:4. Dr. Rhyne, in fact,
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`Pe Td. at 80:8-85:16. When asked whether he remembered
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`Similarly, and as discussed above in Section III.A.2.a, the RFC 2616 specification for
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`HTTP/1.1, is expressly identified in the patent specification and recited in the patent claims as
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`something with which a POSA would have been familiar. It provides a role-based definition of
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`server: [a]n application program that accepts connections in order to service requests by sending
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`back responses. See Section III.A.2.a. In deposition, Dr. Rhyne
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`Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 204:23207:22. But that is precisely the audience for the 319 and 510 pa-
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`tents. Dr. Rhyne admitted,
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` (id. at 207:23208:11),
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`Dr. Rhynes references to
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` (id. at 209:10-18).
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`f)
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`Even if Dr. Rhynes understanding of a server is accepted,
`Crowds expressly discloses such a server operating a jondo
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`.
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`In deposition, Dr. Rhyne admitted
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`200:3. Dr. Rhyne
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`
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` Ex. 3 (Rhyne Tr.) at 199:18
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` Id. at 200:4-11. Dr. Rhyne agreed
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` Id. at 200:18-21.
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`Curiously,
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` Ex. 3 at 218:14-23. To
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`the contrary, Crowds described testing of the described system and jondos, and stated, The
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`crowd consisted of four jondos, each executing on a separate, moderately loaded 150-MHz Sparc
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`20 running SunOs 4.1.4. Ex. 1 (Crowds) at 82. The Sparc 20 was a Sun workstation, not a lap-
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`top or personal computer.4 Crowds also discusses use of Unix platforms for jondos. Id. at 81. Dr.
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`Freedman agrees that this discussion of a jondo executing on a Sun workstation confirms that a
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`jondo could be a second server even if specialized server equipment is required, despite the
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`Courts claim construction. Ex. 4 (Freedman Rep.) Appx. A at 12. This further confirms to a
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`POSA that, depending on a devices role, any type of equipment with an IP address could be a
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`server. See id. As previously noted, Crowds also expressly discloses, Like all network servers,
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`jondos are identified by their IP address and port number. Ex. 1 (Crowds) at 90.
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`For all of these reasons, the Court should reject Luminatis misapplication of the Courts
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`claim construction. But even if Dr. Rhynes opinions regarding separate server equipment are
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`applied, Crowds discloses the jondo as a second server.
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`B.
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`There Is No Dispute That Crowds Anticipates The Dependent Claims Of The
`319 Patent
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`The dependent claims of the 319 patent recite the usage of standard Internet communica-
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`tions and protocols. Given that claim 1 is anticipated, as discussed above, the dependent claims
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`also are anticipated for the further reasons discussed below. In addition, given that Dr. Rhyne
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`either (i) does not contest anticipation of the dependent claims for any reason beyond his opinion
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`for claim 1 and/or (ii) includes an insufficient, one-sentence rebuttal of Dr. Freedmans opin-
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`4 See https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19127-01/sparc20.ws/801-6189-12/801-6189-12.pdf.
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`ions, as discussed below