`
`Apple EX1008 Page 1
`
`TeETT: eet‘tion
`J eyss Newton—
`-—wa
`)
`—
`— PROUD?OOas
`
`AlTy
`
`Covering Telecommunications,
`Networking, Information Technology,
`NUPEM
`
`IPR2023-00035
`Apple EX1008 Page 1
`
`

`

`STAY INFORMED
`To be alerted by email to updates and corrections
`go to www.cmpbooks.com/newton
`
`CMPBooks
`
`San Francisco
`
`IPR2023-00035
`Apple EX1008 Page 2
`
`

`

`------
`
`NEWTON's TELECOM DICTIONARY
`copyright © 2003 Hony Newton
`email: Hony@HonyNewton.com
`personal web site: www.HonyNewton.com
`business web site: www.Technologylnvestor.com
`
`All rights reserved under International and PortAmericon Copyright conventions,
`
`
`
`
`
`this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`
`including the right to reproduce
`
`Published by CMP Books
`
`An imprint of CMP Media LLC
`Main office: (MP Books, 600 Harrison St., Son Francisco, CA 94107 USA
`
`Phone: 415-947-6615; fox: 415-947-6015
`Soles office: (MP Books, 12 West 21 Street, New York, NY 1 0010
`
`Phone 917-305-3333; fox 212·206-0387
`www.cmpbooks.com
`Email: books@cmp.com
`•• • •
`•• ••
`•• ••
`•• ••
`••••••
`CMP
`
`For individual orders, and for information on special discounts for quantity orders,
`
`United Business Media
`
`please contact:
`CMP Books Distribution Center, 6600 Silacci Woy, Gilroy, CA 95020
`
`
`Tel: 1-800-500-6875 or 408-848-3854; fox: 408-848-5784
`Email: cmp@rushorder.com; Web: www.cmpbooks.com
`
`
`Distributed to the book trade in the U.S. by:
`
`
`
`Publishers Group West, 1700 fourth Street, Berkeley, (ol~ornio 94710
`
`Distributed in Canada by:
`
`Jaguar Book Group, 100 Armstrong Avenue, Georgetown, Ontario M6K 3E7 Canada
`
`
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`This book is also sold through www.Amozon.com, www.fotbroin.com and
`
`
`
`
`www.BornesAndNoble.com
`
`Distributed to the book trade in the U.S. and Canada by Publishers Group West
`
`1700 fourth St., Berkeley, CA 9471 O
`fox: 408-848-5784
`cmp@rushorder.com
`
`ISBN Number 1·57820-307-4
`
`Morch 2003
`
`Nineteenth Edition
`
`Mott Kelsey, Publisher
`Roy Horak, Senior Contributing Editor
`Soul Roldan, Cover Artist
`llio Giaquinto, Project Manager
`Brod Gieene, Text IDyout
`
`l •.
`\ f.
`' •
`
`I :, I
`
`'1
`
`IPR2023-00035
`Apple EX1008 Page 3
`
`

`

`Table of Contents
`
`HELP MAKE THIS DICTIONARY EVEN BETTER
`- We offer a real reward ........................................
`
`119 BEST DOLLAR-SAVING TIPS
`
`
`
`- How to save on telecom, PC, Internet, airline and investing ...............
`
`V
`
`VII
`
`WHY IS IT SO HARD TO BUY?
`
`
`- The logic of coll centers, customer cores, and buying on the Internet ......... XIX
`
`THE NEW WORLD OF TELECOM
`
`- How should a responsible user react? .............................
`
`XXI
`
`DISASTER RECOVERY PLANNING
`
`
`- How to make sure your computing and telecommunications still run ........ XXIII
`
`RULES FOLLOWED IN THIS DICTIONARY
`
`
`- How to figure our ordering of terms and our spellings ..................
`
`ABOUT THE AUTHOR
`
`
`
`
`- Harry Newton does hove a life outside this dictionary ..................
`
`ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
`
`
`
`- Roy Horak teaches, consults and lives in Paradise ....................
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`
`- Dictionary begins with Numbers then goes onto Letters ...................
`
`APPENDIX
`- Standards Organizations and Special Telecom Interest Groups .............
`
`
`
`
`- Publications, Computer and Telecom .............................
`-
`International Calling Codes ...................................
`
`- Standard Plugs and Connectors .............................•..•
`
`iii
`
`XXV
`
`XXIX
`
`XXXI
`
`1
`
`914
`920
`921
`922
`
`I
`
`IPR2023-00035
`Apple EX1008 Page 4
`
`

`

`Digital Multiplex Hierarchy
`
`or group of stations automatically by radio. The operational and technical characteristics of
`
`
`
`ly were of this type before VGA models appeared. Digital monitors do not have as wide o
`
`
`this system ore contained in (CIR Recommendation 493.
`
`
`
`range of color choices as analog types; digital EGA monitors, for example, con display just
`Digital Sequence Spread Spectrum A wireless
`term. An RF (radio fre(cid:173)
`16 colors out of o palette of 64.
`Digital Multiplex Hierarchy An ordered scheme
`
`
`
`quency) modulation technique, which uses algorithms to code transmissions in sequential
`for the combining of digi·
`
`channels and then decode them at the other end.
`
`tol signals by the repeated application of digital multiplexing. Digital multiplexing schemes
`Digital Service Cross-Connect OSX. A termination/patch
`panel that lets
`
`
`may be implemented in many different configurations depending upon the number of chan(cid:173)
`
`nels desired, the signaling system to be used, and the bit rote allowed by the communica(cid:173)
`OS l and 053 circuits be monitored by test equipment.
`
`Digital Set· Top Box A device
`that hooks up to a TV and con collect, store, and
`
`tion medium. Some cu11entty available multiplexers hove been designated as D 1 ·, OS·, or
`disploy digitally compressed TV signals. See also Digital Cable Set Top Box.
`M-series, all of which operate at Ti:orrier rotes. Extreme core must be exercised when
`Digital Signal A discontinuous
`signal. One whose state consists of discrete ele(cid:173)
`
`
`
`there ore because interoperability, selecting equipment for a specific system to ensure
`
`
`
`
`ments, representing very specific information. When viewed on an oscilloscope, o digital
`
`
`
`incompatibilities among manufacturers' designs (and various notions' standards).
`Digital Multiplexed Interface A ISDN PRHike connection between a PBX
`
`
`looks more like o signal is "squared." This compares with on analog signal which typically
`
`sine wove, i.e. curvy. Usually amplitude is represented at discrete time intervals with o dig(cid:173)
`
`
`and o computer, developed by AT&T.
`Digital Multiplexer A device
`for combining digital signals. Usually implemented
`
`ital value.
`Digital Signal Cross-Connect OSX. Also known variously as o OACS
`(Digital
`
`by interleaving bits, in rotation, from several digital bit streams either with or without the
`
`Access Cross{onnect System) and a DCC (Digital Cross-Connect), o OSX is o device that is
`
`addition of extra framing, control, or e11or detection bits. In short, equipment that combines
`l interconnects DS· l (T· 1 or E· 1) circuits,
`
`used to connect digital circuits together. A OSX·
`
`by time division multiplexing several signals into a single composite digital signal.
`Digital Nervous System Coined by Bill Gates
`
`
`
`05·3 circuits interconnects as OSX-2 interconnects OS-2 (T-2 or E-2) circuits, and o DSX-3
`in 1997, the best definition of
`(T-3 or E-3). Digital Signal Level OS·n. A hierarchical arrangement of digital signals used
`this term come from on interview between Gory Reiner, GE's chief information officer and
`in North America beginning with 05-0 (64 Kbps) up to 05·4 (274 Mbps).
`
`a reporter from the Economist. According to the magazine, "Mr Reiner heads the compa(cid:173)
`
`
`
`Digital Signal Processor A digital signal processor
`is o specialized semicon(cid:173)
`
`
`ny' s most important initiative: 'digitising' as much of its business os possible. That not only
`
`
`ductor device or specialized core in o semiconductor device that processes very efficientty
`
`means buying and selling most things online but, more importontty, setting up o digital
`
`
`ond in real time a stream of digital data that is sampled from analog signals ranging from
`
`
`
`nervous system that connects in real time anything and everything involved in the compo(cid:173)
`
`systems, factories and employees, as well as
`
`voice, audio and video and from cellular and wireless to radio and television. As opposed
`
`ny' s business: IT (lnformotion Technology)
`
`to a general-purpose processor, o OSP is often designed to solve specific processing prob(cid:173)
`suppliers, customers and products.
`
`Digital Network A network
`
`lems. A OSP architecture focuses on algorithmic efficiency and may use on instruction set
`in which the information is encoded as o series of
`
`
`
`
`the DSP is solving. General purpose proces· the problem that is more or less tailored toward
`
`ones and zeros rather than as a continuously varying wove - as in traditional analog net·
`
`
`sors, on the other hand, may sacrifice algorithmic efficiency for general-purpose capability
`works. Digital networks hove several major pluses over analog ones. first, they' re • clean·
`
`and push dock-speed to achieve performance. A OSP typically has much greater mathe(cid:173)
`
`
`er." They hove for less noise, static, etc. Second, they're easier to monitor because you
`
`
`
`
`matical computational abilities than a standard microprocessor. In some applications, like
`
`con measure them more easily. Third, you con typically pump more digital information
`
`wireless, POAs and cell phones, constraints on power consumption require performance
`
`
`down a communications line than you con analog information.
`Digital Network Architecture. DNA. The data network architecture of
`
`improvements other than foster dock speed. In other applications, like cellular base sta(cid:173)
`
`tions and high definition TV, where the number of channels or the high data rote require
`
`Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), now port of Compaq Corporation.
`Digital Phase-locked loop A phase-locked
`
`signal processing capabilities on order of magnitude greater than general purpose proces·
`loop in which the reference sig(cid:173)
`sors, a OSP that uses processing parallelism con provide much higher performance much
`
`
`nal, the controlled signal, or the controlling signal, or any combination of these, is in dig~
`
`
`more efficiently than even the fastest general-purpose processor. A OSP often performs col·
`tol form.
`Digital Phase Modulation The process whereby
`
`culations on digitized signals that were originally analog (e.g. voice or video) and then
`the instantaneous phase of
`
`
`
`the modulated wove is shifted between o set of predetermined discrete values in occor·
`
`sends the results on. There ore two main advantages of DSPs -
`first, they hove power·
`dance with the significant conditions of the modulating digital signal.
`
`
`ful mathematical computational abilities, more than normal computer microprocessors.
`Digital Plastic A fancy term for buying goods and services on-line over the Internet
`
`
`OSPs need to hove heavy mothemotical computation skills because manipulating analog
`
`using your credit cord, possibly in conjunction with some verification of who you ore from
`
`
`signals requires it. The second odvontoge of o OSP lies in the programmability of digital
`
`
`microprocessors. Just as digital microprocessors have operating systems, so DSPs have their
`
`an independent certification authority.
`Digital Port Adapter DPA. A device which provides conversion
`from the RS·
`
`
`very own operating systems. OSPs ore used extensively in telecommunications for tasks
`
`
`449 /422 interface to the more common interfaces of RS-232-C, V.35, WE-306 and
`
`such os echo concellotion, coll progress monitoring, voice processing ond for the compres·
`
`
`sion of voice and video signals as well as new telecommunications applications such as
`others.
`Digital Private Network Signaling System See OPNSS.
`
`
`
`wireless LANs and next-generation cellular data and cellular Internet services . They ore also
`Digital Pulse Origination OPO. Equipment
`thot sends dialed digits consisting
`
`used in devices from fetal monitors, to ontiikid brakes, seismic and vibration sensing godg·
`
`of tones or pulses. It may be used at the central office end of a DID service connection.
`
`
`
`els, super-sensitive hearing aids, multimedia presentations and desktop fox machines.
`Digital Pulse Termination OPT. Equipment
`that receives and processes
`
`
`in modems and fox machines with programma(cid:173)OSPs are replacing the dedicated chipsets
`
`dialed digits consisting of tones or pulses. It may be used at the customer end of a DID
`
`
`ble modules-which, from one minute to another, con become a fox machine, o modem,
`
`
`to store voice a teleconferencing device, an answering machine, o voice digitizer ond device
`service connection.
`Digital Radio Broadcasting ORB. Radio transmission
`on o hard disk, too proprietary electronic phone. OSP chips and DSP cores in custom chips
`
`intended for general
`
`
`are already doing for the telecom industry whot the general purpose microprocessor (e.g.
`
`
`reception in the form of discrete, integral values.
`Digital Radio Concentrator System ORCS. A digital radio system which
`
`Intel's Pentium) did for the personal computer industry. OSP chips ore mode by Analog
`transmits data via o device which connects o number of circuits, which ore not all used at
`
`
`Devices, AT&T, Motorola, NEC ond Texas Instruments, among others. OSP cores ore made
`
`by BOPS, OSP Group, Infineon and others.
`
`once, to o smaller group of circuits for economy.
`Digital Recording A system of recording by conversion of musical
`Digital Signature A digital signature
`information into
`
`is the network equivalent of signing o mes·
`
`
`o series of pulses that ore tronsloted into o binary code intelligible to computer circuits and
`soge so that you cannot deny that you sent it and that the recipient knows it must have
`
`stored on magnetic lope or magnetic discs. Also called PCM • Pulse Code Modulation.
`
`come from you. In short, a digital signature is on electronic signature which cannot be
`Digital Reference Signal ORS. A digital reference signal is a sequence of bits
`
`
`
`forged. It verifies that the document originated from the individual whose signature is
`that represents a l 004-Hz to 1020-Hz signal.
`
`attached to it and that it has not been altered since it was signed. There are two types of
`Digital Selective Calling DSC. A synchronous
`system developed by the
`
`digital signatures. Ones you encrypt yourself and ore the result of on ongoing relationship
`
`International Radio Consultative Committee ((CIR), used to establish contact with a station
`
`
`between you and the other party. Second, there are encrypted certificotes issued by o com·
`
`244
`
`IPR2023-00035
`Apple EX1008 Page 5
`
`

`

`Apple EX1008 Page 6
`
`Harry Newtonhasspent 32 years studying, writing, lecturing and
`investing in telecom and technology. He founded LAN (now Network),
`Teleconnect, Call Center, Computer Telephony and Technology Investor
`magazines. He also founded the trade shows, Computer Telephony
`Conference and Exhibition (CT Expo) and Call Center Demo. Hesold his
`telecom publishing empire in September 1997 to concentrate on writing.
`Newton has an MBAfromthe Harvard Business School and an Economics degree
`from the University of Sydney, Australia. He is not an engineer. He wrote this dictionary
`to teach himselfhis first loves — telecom and technology. In this dictionary, Newton
`explains complex technology in non-technical business language. He believes that anyone
`in business should be able to understand the most complex technical terms. He also
`believesit's critical to understand what the technology does, what its benefits are and the
`key tips to using andinstallingit.
`Mostdictionaries are updated every ten to twenty years. Not this one. Newton
`and his staff update this dictionary every day of the year and issue a new, expanded,
`fixed, improved and updated edition every year. This edition is current as of early 2003.
`
`US $34.95 * CAN $54.95 ¢ UK £25.99
`ISBN 1-57820-307-4
`
`53.49.5
`
`IPR2023-00035
`
`eit Peeee Networking,
`Information Technology, Computing and the Internet
`
`201 of the BEST MONEY-SAVING TIPS
`Harry Newton's favorite ways to save on telecom, PC, travel, and more.
`WHYIS IT SO HARD TO BUY?
`How you should orient your precious telecom budgetin today’s tight times.
`| THE NEW WORLD OF TELECOM
`How should a responsible user react?
`DISASTER RECOVERY PLANNING
`Howto protect your computing and telecom resources.
`
`CMPBooks
`www.cmpbooks.com
`An imprint of CMP Media LLC
`
`IPR2023-00035
`Apple EX1008 Page 6
`
`