McGraw-Hill
`
`Dictionary of
`Electrical and
`Computer
`Engineering
`
`McGraw-Hill
`
`New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid
`Mexico City Milan New Delhi SanJuan
`Seoul
`Singapore
`Sydney Toronto
`
`Page 1 of 4
`
`Volkswagen Exhibit 1025
`
`Page 1 of 4
`
`Volkswagen Exhibit 1025
`
`

`

`The McGraw-Hill Companies
`
`in the dictionary was published previously in the McGRAW-HILL
`text
`All
`DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS, Sixth Edition,
`copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEER-
`
`ING, copyright © 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
`Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United
`States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
`distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
`system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`1234567890
`
`DOC/DOC
`
`0987654
`
`ISBN 0-07-144210-3
`
`This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing a
`minimum of 50%recycled, de-inked fiber.
`
`This book was set in Helvetica Bold and Novarese Book by TechBooks, Fairfax,
`Virginia. It was printed and bound by RR Donnelley, The Lakeside Press.
`
`McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premi-
`ums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For
`more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional
`Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact
`your local bookstore.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of electrical and computer engineering.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07-144210-3
`
`|. Computer engineering—Dictionaries.
`Dictionaries.
`
`2. Electric engineering—
`
`TK7885.A2M37
`004’.03—dc22
`
`2004
`
`2004049888
`
`Page 2 of 4
`
`Page 2 of 4
`
`

`

`counter/frequency meter
`
`
`This material may be protected by Copyright law (Title 17 U.S. Code)
`
`
`
`2.A
`guides, allowing them to exchange energy.
`|ENG| An instrument
`counter/frequency meter
`passage whichjoins the ends of two waveguides,
`that contains a frequency standard and can be
`whosecross section changes continuously from
`used to measure the number of events or the
`that of one to that of the other.
`{
`'kap-lar }
`number of cycles of a periodic quantity that
`coupling
`|ELEC| 1. A mutual relation between
`occurs in a specified time, or the time between
`two circuits that permits energy transfer from one
`two events.
`{
`'kaunt-ar 'fré-kwan-sé ,méd-ar }
`to another, throughawire, resistor, transformer,
`countermeasures set
`|ELECTR| A complete elec-
`capacitor, or other device.
`2. A hardware device
`tronic set specifically designed to provide fa-
`used to make a temporary connection between
`cilities for intercepting and analyzing electro-
`two wires.
`{
`'kap-lip }
`magnetic energy propagated by transmitter and
`coupling aperture=|ELECTROMAG| An aperture in
`to provide a source of radio-frequency signals
`the wall of a waveguide or cavity resonator,
`which deprive the enemy of effective use of
`designed to transfer energyto or from an external
`his electronic equipment.
`{
`'kaunt-ar,mezh-arz
`circuit. Also known as coupling hole; coupling
`sset }
`slot.
`{
`'kap-lin ,ap-a-char}
`coupling capacitor
`|ELECTR| A capacitor used to
`|ELEC| A system of wires or other
`counterpoise
`conductors that is elevated above and insulated
`block the flow of direct current while allowing
`alternating or signal current
`to pass; widely
`from the ground to form a lower system of con-
`ductors for an antenna. Also known as antenna
`used for
`joining two circuits or stages. Also
`knownas blocking capacitor; stopping capacitor.
`counterpoise.
`{
`'kaunt-ar,poiz }
`{
`'kap-lin ka'pas-ad-ar}
`counter tube
`[ELEcTR| An electron tube having
`|ELECTR| The ratio of the
`coupling coefficient
`one signal-input electrode and 10 or more
`maximum change in energy of an electron
`output electrodes, with each input pulse serv-
`traversing an interaction space to the product
`ing to transfer conduction sequentially to the
`of the peak alternating gap voltage and the
`next output electrode; beam-switching tubes
`electronic charge.
`{
`'kap-lin ,k6-i'fish-ant }
`and cold-cathode counter tubes are examples.
`coupling hole See coupling aperture.
`{
`'kap-lin
`{'kaunt-ar ,tiib }
`hdl}
`|ELEC| The reverse voltage that
`counter voltage
`coupling loop=|ELECTROMAG| A conducting loop
`appearsacross an inductor when current through
`projecting into a waveguide or cavity resonator,
`the inductor is shut off.
`{
`'kauint-ar ,vGl-tij }
`designed to transfer energy to or from an external
`circuit.
`{
`'kap-lin ,liip }
`counting circuit
`|ELECTR| A circuit that counts
`coupling probe=|ELECTROMAG| A probe project-
`pulses by frequency-dividing techniques, by
`ing into a waveguide or cavity resonator, de-
`charging a capacitor in such a way as to produce
`signed to transfer energy to or from an external
`a voltage proportional to the pulse count, or
`circuit.
`{'kap-lin ,prdb }
`by other means. Also known as counter circuit.
`coupling slot See coupling aperture.
`{'kaunt-in ,sar-kat }
`slat }
`See frequency divider.
`counting-down circuit
`[CONT sys| An item which
`course programmer
`{'kaunt-in ,daun ,sar-kat }
`initiates and processes signals in a manner to
`counting rate-voltage characteristic
`establish a vehicle in whichit is installed along
`characteristic.
`{
`'kaUnt-in ,rat
`one or more projected courses.
`{
`'kors 'pro
`ta'ris-tik }
`igram-ar }
`couple
`|ELEC| To connect twocircuits so signals
`[COMPUT SCI] Computer programsde-
`courseware
`are transferred from one to the other.
`[ELECTR]
`signed to be used in computer-aided instruction
`Two metals placed in contact, as in a thermocou-
`or computer-managedinstruction.
`_{
`'kors,wer}
`ple.
`{'kap-al }
`coverage
`|ELECTROMAG| A spatial account ofthe
`regions of useful sensitivity in a radar’s sur-
`coupled antenna=|ELECTROMAG| An antenna
`
`
`roundings that can be affected, for example, by
`electromagnetically
`coupled
`to
`another.
`multipath propagation or by obscuring terrain.
`{
`'kap-ald an'ten-a }
`{
`'kav-rij }
`coupled circuits
`|ELEC| Two or more electric
`COZI
`|comMMUN| An ionospheric sounding sys-
`circuits so arranged that energy can transfer
`tem for determining propagation characteristics
`electrically or magnetically from one to another.
`of the ionosphereat various anglesat any instant;
`{
`'kap-ald 'sar-kats }
`used to determine how well long-distance, high-
`|CcOmPUT sci] Computer sys-
`coupled systems
`frequency broadcasts are reaching their intended
`tems that share equipment and can exchange
`destinations. Derived from communications zone
`information.
`{
`'kap-ald 'sis-tamz}
`indicator.
` { {kOjz7}
`coupled transistors
`|ELECTR| Transistors con-
`CPA See color-phase alternation.
`nected in series by transformers or resistance-
`CPE See computer performance evaluation.
`capacitance networks, in much the same manner
`CPM Seecritical path method.
`as electron tubes.
`{
`'kap-ald tran'zis-tarz }
`C powersupply [ELECTR] A device connected in
`coupler
` |ELEC| Acomponent usedto transfer en-
`the circuit between the cathode and grid of a
`ergy from onecircuit to another.
`|ELECTROMAG]
`vacuum tube to apply grid bias.
`{ jsé 'paur sa
`1. A passage which joins two cavities or wave-
`pli}
`
`{
`
`'kap-lin
`
`See plateau
`'vOl-tij
`,kar-ik-
`
`Page 3 of 4
`
`124
`
`Page 3 of 4
`
`

`

`electrical resistivity
`
`See insulator.
`
`{ i'lek-tra-kal
`
`See interference
`
`{ i'lek-
`
`{ a'lek-
`
`See conduction.
`
`{ a'lek-
`
`{ a'lek-
`
`frequency. Also known as impedance meter.
`cycle or expresses the phase difference between
`{ i'lek-tra-kal im'péd-ans ,méd-ar}
`two alternating quantities; usually expressed in
`electrical
`instability
`|ELEC| A persistent condi-
`electrical degrees.
`{ a'lek-tra-kal 'an-gal }
`tion of unwanted self-oscillation in an am-
`electrical breakdown=See breakdown.={a'lek-
`plifier or other electric circuit.
`{
`i'lek-tra-kal
`tra-kal 'brak,datin }
`sin-sta'bil-ad-é }
`approximately
`|ELEC| Point
`electrical
`center
`electrical insulator
`midway between the ends of an inductor or
`‘in-sa,lad-ar }
`resistor that divides the inductor or resistor
`electrical interference
`into two equal electrical values.
`{ a'lek-tra-kal
`tra-kal ,in-tar'fir-ans }
`‘sen-tar}
`electrical length
`|ELECTROMAG| The length of a
`theory.
`See circuit
`theory
`electrical circuit
`conductor expressed in wavelengths, radians, or
`{ a'lek-tra-kal 'sar-kat ,thé-a-ré }
`degrees._{i'lek-tra-kal 'lenkth }
`electrical code
`|ELEC| Asystematic bodyof rules
`electrical loading Seeloading.
`_{i'lek-tra-kal 'ldd-
`governing the practical application and installa-
`in}
`tion of electrically operated equipment and de-
`read-only memory
`electrically alterable
`vices and electric wiring systems.
`{ a'lek-tra-kal
`{comput sci] A read-only memory that can be
`"kod }
`reprogrammedelectrically in the field a limited
`electrical conductance See conductance.
`number of times, after the entire memory is
`tra-kal kan'dak-tans }
`erased by applying an appropriate electric field
`electrical conduction
`Abbreviated EAROM.
` {
`i'lek-tra-klé 'ol-tra-bal
`tra-kal kan'dak-shan }
`'réd jOn-lé 'mem-ré }
`electrical conductivity See conductivity.
`by
`electrically
`connected |ELEC| Connected
`tra-kal ,kan,dak'tiv-ad-é }
`means of a conducting path, or
`through a
`|ELEC|
`analyzer
`electrical
`conductivity
`capacitor, as distinguished from connection
`device
`Alternating-current,
`resistance-bridge
`merely
`through
`electromagnetic
`induction
`used to measure the electrical conductivity of
`{ i'lek-tra-klé ka'nek-tad }
`solutions, slurries, or wet solids.
`{ a'lek-tra-kal
`electrically erasable programmable read-only
`ikan,dak'tiv-ad-é 'an-a,liz-ar }
`memory |compuT
`sci] An
`integrated-circuit
`memory chip that has an internal switch to
`electricaldegree
`|ELEC| A unit equal to fey cycle
`ofanalternating quantity.
`_{ i'lek-tra-kal da'gré }
`permit a user to erase the contents of
`the
`chip and write new contents into it by means
`electrical drainage
`|ELEC| Diversion of electric
`of electrical
`signals. Abbreviated EEPROM.
`currents from subterranean pipes to prevent
`{ i'lek-tra-klé i'ras-a-bal prd'gram-a-bal 'réd j6n-lé
`electrolytic corrosion._{i'lek-tra-kal 'dran-ij }
`‘mem-ré }
`electrical engineer
`|ENG| An engineer whose
`electrical measurement
`|ELEC| The measure-
`training includes a degreein electrical engineer-
`ment of any one of the many quantities by
`ing from an accredited college or university (or
`which electricity is characterized._{i'lek-tra-kal
`who has comparable knowledge and experience),
`‘mezh-ar-mant }
`to prepare him or her for dealing with the gen-
`in the form
`|ELEC| A model
`electrical model
`eration, transmission, and utilization of electric
`of a mathematical description or an electrical
`energy.
`{ i'lek-tra-kal ,en-ja'nir }
`equivalent circuit that represents the behavior
`electrical engineering |ENG| Engineering that
`of an electrical device or system._{i'lek-tra-kal
`deals with practical applications involving cur-
`'mdd-al}
`rent flow through conductors, as in motors and
`|ELEC| Noise generated by elec-
`electrical noise
`generators.
`_{ i'lek-tra-kal ,en-ja'nir-in }
`trical devices, for example, motors, engine ig-
`appli-
`electrical equipment
`|ELEC| Apparatus,
`nition, power lines, and so on, and propagated
`ances, devices, wiring,
`fixtures,
`fittings, and
`to the receiving antenna direct from the noise
`material used as a part of or in connection
`source.
`{ i'lek-tra-kal 'noiz }
`with an electrical
`installation.
`{
`i'lek-tra-kal
`electrical potential energy |ELEC| Energy pos-
`i'kwip-mant }
`sessed by electric charges by virtue of
`their
`{ i'lek-tra-kal 'folt }
`electrical fault See fault.
`position in an electrostatic field.{i'lek-tra-kal
`electrical impedance Also known as impedance.
`pa'ten-chal'en-ar-jé }
`ELEC] 1. The total opposition that a circuit
`electrical pressure transducer See pressure trans-
`presents to an alternating current, equal to the
`ducer.{i'lek-tra-kal 'presh-ar tranz,dii-sar}
`complex ratio of
`the voltage to the current
`electrical properties
`|ELEC| Properties of a sub-
`in complex notation. Also known as complex
`stance which determine its response to an
`electric field, such as its dielectric constant or
`impedance.
`2. The ratio of the maximum volt-
`age in an alternating-current circuit
`to the
`conductivity.
`{ i'lek-tra-kal 'prap-ard-éz }
`electrical resistance See resistance._{i'lek-tra-
`
`maximum current; equal to the magnitude of
`kal ri'zis-tans }
`the quantity in the first definition.
`_{ i'lek-tra-kal
`im'péd-ans }
`electrical resistivity |ELEC| The electrical resis-
`tance offered by a material to the flow of current,
`instru-
`|ELEC| An_
`electrical
`impedance meter
`times the cross-sectional areaof current flow and
`ment which measures the complex ratio of
`per unit length of current path; the reciprocal of
`voltage to current
`in a given circuit at a given
`
`Page 4 of 4
`
`189
`
`Page 4 of 4
`
`