WILEY ELECTRICAL AND
`ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
`DICTIONARY
`
`Steven M. Kaplan
`Lexicographer
`
`♦ IEEE
`
`IEEE PRESS
`
`ffiWILEY(cid:173)
`~INTERSCIENCE
`
`A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
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`Page 1 of 3
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`Volkswagen Exhibit 1023
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`Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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`Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
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`Kaplan, Steven M.
`
`Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary
`
`ISBN 0-47 1-40224-9
`
`Printed in the United States of America.
`
`10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
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`Page 2 of 3
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`Litzendraht wire
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`428
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`load:matching network
`
`mizes sk in effect, and provides for low losses at radio fre(cid:173)
`quencies.
`Litzendraht wire Same as Litz wire.
`li ve I. Anythi ng connected electricall y to a source of vo ltage.
`Also know n as energized (1 ), alive, or hot (I ). 2. A broad(cid:173)
`cast occurring at the actual time events take place. Also
`call ed live broadcast, or real-time broadcast. 3. In acous(cid:173)
`ti cs, a roo m th at is reverberant.
`live broadcast Same as live (2).
`live chassis A chassis, such as that o f a TV or computer,
`whi ch is co nnected el ectri ca lly to a source of voltage.
`live circuit A circuit that is connected electri cally to a so urce
`o f vo ltage. Also know n as energized circuit, or alive cir(cid:173)
`cuit.
`live conductor I. A conductor whi ch is connected electri call y
`to a source of vo ltage. 2. A conductor through which an
`electric current is flowing.
`live end In an enclosure, such as a sound studi o, a wall or area
`where there is the greatest amount of sound re fl ection. Thi s
`co ntrasts with a dead end (2), where sound absorption is
`max imi zed.
`live room A room in which there is sign ificant reverberation ,
`as opposed to a dead room, where sound-absorbing materi (cid:173)
`als are utili zed to minimi ze or eliminate all sound re fl ec(cid:173)
`ti ons.
`live wire I. A wire which is connected electrically to a source
`of vo ltage. Also call ed hot wire (1). 2. A wire through
`which an electric current is fl ow ing.
`LiveMotion Popular so ft ware utili zed to create dynamic and
`interacti ve content , especiall y fo r the Web.
`LLC Abbrev iati on of Logical Link Control.
`LLC layer Abbrev iation of Logical Link Control Layer.
`LLC Sublayer Abbrev iation of Logical Link Control
`Sublayer.
`Im Symbol for lumen.
`lm-h Abbrev iation o f lumen-hour.
`Im-hr Abbrev iati on of lumen-hour.
`lm/m2 Abbrev iati on oflumens per squ are meter.
`lm-s Abbreviation of lumen-second.
`Im-sec Abbrev iation o f lumen-second .
`lm/W Abbrev iation of lumens per watt.
`LMDS Abbrev iation o f local multipoint distribution ser-
`vice.
`LMI Abbrev iation of Local Management Interface.
`In Symbol for natural logarithm
`LNA Abbrev iation o f low-noise amplifier.
`LNB Abbrevi ation of low-noise block down-converter.
`LNP Abbrev iation of local number portability.
`LO Abbrevi ation o f local oscillator.
`lo Abbrev iation of low.
`lo-res Abbrev iati on of low-resolution.
`load I . The power consumed by a component, dev ice, piece
`of equipment, mach ine, or system while perform ing its fu nc(cid:173)
`ti ons. Thi s power may be electrica l, mechanical, nuclear,
`wind, and so on. Also, any component, device, piece of
`eq uipment , machine, or system consumin g thi s power. Also
`ca ll ed output load (I). 2. Any component, circuit, dev ice,
`piece o f equ ipment, or system whi ch consumes, diss ipates,
`rad iates, or otherwise utili zes power, espec ially electricity.
`There are countl ess exampl es, in cluding res isto rs, amplifi (cid:173)
`ers, TVs, speakers, antennas, lamps, and appl iances. Also,
`the power so consumed. Also called output load (2). 3. The
`electrica l power drawn fro m a so urce of electricity, such as a
`generator or power line. Also ca ll ed output load (3). 4. A
`circuit or device whi ch rece ives th e useful signal output
`
`from a signal source such as an amplifier or oscill ator. Also
`call ed output lo ad (4). 5. To utilize inductors and/or ca(cid:173)
`pacitors to increase the electrical length of an antenna, or
`otherwise alter its characteristics. 6. In dielectric and induc(cid:173)
`tion heati ng, the object or material being heated. 7. To in(cid:173)
`sert a computer storage medium, such as a disc or tape, into
`a drive or other device utilized to read and/or write to it. 8. To
`transfer data to or from a computer storage med ium, such as
`a disk or tape. For example, to load a program into memory
`for execution. Also, to transfer data to or from a database.
`9. To place data in a computer register. 10. To in sert a di sk,
`cassette, reel, cartridge, drum, or other object composed o f,
`or containing a recordable medium into a device utili zed fo r
`recording and/or reprod uction. 1 I. In a communications
`network, the amount of traffic at a given moment.
`load-and-go The capability of a program or routin e to be
`executed immed iately after loading. Its abbreviati on is load
`& go.
`load balance Also ca ll ed load division. I. The even distribu(cid:173)
`tion of a load. For exampl e, to eq uall y distribu te a work
`load among a set of parall el processors. 2. To evenl y dis(cid:173)
`tribute a load among multi ple power so urces.
`load capacitance The capac itance presented by a given load,
`or as seen from a given point such as the input terminals.
`load capacity The max imum load that can be handled safely,
`without fa ilure, or within a given level or performance. For
`instance, the max imum number of messages that can be si(cid:173)
`multaneously exchanged over a given transmission medium,
`or the greatest weight a robot can manipulate.
`load cell A piezoelectri c crystal utilized as a strain gauge.
`The greater the fo rce appl ied, th e greater the potential dif(cid:173)
`ference across the crystal.
`load characteristic The relationsh ip between the instantane(cid:173)
`ous values of two varying quantities, such as electrode cur(cid:173)
`rent and electrode vo ltage, under speci fi ed load circum(cid:173)
`stances. Also called dynamic characteristic.
`load circuit Th e co mpl ete circuit vi a whi ch a load is co n(cid:173)
`nected to its power source.
`load coil I. In an induction heater, an AC carrying co il whi ch
`induces RF currents in the workpiece bei ng heated. Also
`ca ll ed work coil. 2. Same as lo adin g coil.
`load current I. Th e current drawn by a load. It is th e current
`fl ow ing through a load circuit. 2. The current required by a
`load for operation.
`'
`load division Same as load bala nce.
`load factor I. For a given time interva l, th e rati o of th e aver(cid:173)
`age load to the peak load. 2. The ratio of a given load to th e
`max imum load.
`load impedance The impedance presented by a given load, or
`as seen from a given po int such as the input terminals.
`load leads The conductors which connect a power source to a
`load.
`load line A line whi ch is drawn th rough a series of character(cid:173)
`istic curves to illustrate the effect a g iven load will have on
`the relationship between two variables. For in stance, such a
`line drawn th rough a series of transistor characteristic
`curves, to show the relat ionship between the input current
`and vo ltage as the load resistance varies.
`load management The reduction in overall demand fo r avai l(cid:173)
`able energy resources by transferring power needs to off(cid:173)
`peak periods. Thi s may entail consumers adj ustin g usage
`pattern s, or load shi ft in g.
`load matching The varyin g o f the impedance of a load cir(cid:173)
`cuit, so as to match th at o f a source. Thi s helps insure that
`the max imum possible power is transferred from so urce to
`load.
`load-matchin g network An electric network utili zed for load
`matchin g.
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