UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`________________________________
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`________________________________
`
`
`ROKU, INC.,
`
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`IOENGINE, LLC
`
`Patent Owner.
`____________________________
`
`Case IPR2022-01554
`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`________________________________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
`
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`LIST OF EXHIBITS……………………………………………………………….. v
`I. 
`Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 
`II.  MANDATORY NOTICES ................................................................................. 1 
`A.  Real Party-In-Interest (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1)) ............................................ 1 
`B.  Related Matters (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2)) ...................................................... 2 
`C.  Counsel (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3)) and Service Information (37 C.F.R. §
`42.8(b)(3)-(4)) ........................................................................................................ 3 
`III.  PAYMENT OF FEES ......................................................................................... 4 
`IV.  REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR .............................................................................. 4 
`A.  Grounds for Standing .................................................................................... 4 
`B. 
`Identification of Challenge ............................................................................ 5 
`  The Specific Art on Which the Challenged is Based ................................. 5 
`  Statutory Grounds on Which the Challenged is Based .............................. 5 
`  Discretionary Denial is Not Warranted ...................................................... 6 
`V.  BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 7 
`A. 
`’584 Patent ..................................................................................................... 7 
`B.  Prosecution History of the ’584 Patent ......................................................... 8 
`C.  Overview of Technology and Asserted Prior Art ......................................... 9 
`  Overview of Technology ............................................................................ 9 
`  Overview of Asserted Prior Art ............................................................... 10 
`VI.  LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART .............................................. 15 
`VII. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION .............................................................................. 15 
`VIII.  GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY ..................................................... 17 
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`A.  Ground 1: Combining Alger and Lyle Renders Claims 17-21, 25-26, 29-35,
`54-57, 59-60, 63-69, 85-89, 93-94, and 97-98 Obvious ...................................... 17 
`  Motivation to Combine Alger and Lyle ................................................... 17 
`  Claim 1 ..................................................................................................... 25 
`  Claim 17 ................................................................................................... 70 
`  Claim 18 ................................................................................................... 71 
`  Claim 19 ................................................................................................... 72 
`  Claim 20 ................................................................................................... 72 
`  Claim 21 ................................................................................................... 73 
`  Claim 25 ................................................................................................... 74 
`  Claim 26 ................................................................................................... 75 
`  Claim 29 ................................................................................................ 76 
`  Claim 30 ................................................................................................ 78 
`  Claim 31 ................................................................................................ 79 
`  Claim 32 ................................................................................................ 80 
`  Claim 33 ................................................................................................ 82 
`  Claim 34 ................................................................................................ 83 
`  Claim 35 ................................................................................................ 84 
`  Claim 39 ................................................................................................ 84 
`  Claim 54 ................................................................................................ 85 
`  Claim 55 ................................................................................................ 85 
`  Claim 56 ................................................................................................ 85 
`  Claim 59 ................................................................................................ 85 
`  Claim 60 ................................................................................................ 86 
`  Claim 63 ................................................................................................ 86 
`  Claim 64 ................................................................................................ 86 
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`  Claim 65 ................................................................................................ 86 
`  Claim 66 ................................................................................................ 86 
`  Claim 67 ................................................................................................ 86 
`  Claim 68 ................................................................................................ 86 
`  Claim 69 ................................................................................................ 86 
`  Claim 73 ................................................................................................ 86 
`  Claim 85 ................................................................................................ 87 
`  Claim 86 ................................................................................................ 87 
`  Claim 87 ................................................................................................ 87 
`  Claim 88 ................................................................................................ 88 
`  Claim 89 ................................................................................................ 88 
`  Claim 93 ................................................................................................ 88 
`  Claim 94 ................................................................................................ 88 
`  Claim 97 ................................................................................................ 88 
`  Claim 98 ................................................................................................ 89 
`B.  Ground 2: Combining Alger, Lyle, and Halbert Renders Claims 27-28, 61-
`62, and 95-96 Obvious ......................................................................................... 89 
`  Motivation to Combine Alger, Lyle, and Halbert .................................... 89 
`  Claim 27 ................................................................................................... 92 
`  Claim 28 ................................................................................................... 93 
`  Claim 61 ................................................................................................... 93 
`  Claim 62 ................................................................................................... 93 
`  Claim 95 ................................................................................................... 93 
`  Claim 96 ................................................................................................... 94 
`C.  Ground 3: Combining Alger, Lyle, and Dowling Renders Claim 99
`Obvious ................................................................................................................ 94 
`  Motivation to Combine Alger, Lyle, and Dowling .................................. 94 
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`  Claim 99 ................................................................................................... 96 
`IX.  NO SECONDARY CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................ 97 
`X.  CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 97 
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
`
`
`PETITIONER’S LIST OF EXHIBITS
`
`Exhibit
`
`Description
`
`1301
`1302
`1303
`1304
`1305
`1306
`1307
`1308
`1309
`
`1310
`
`1311
`
`1312
`
`1313
`
`1314
`
`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`File Wrapper of U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Declaration of Dr. Andrew B. Lippman (“Lippman”)
`Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Andrew B. Lippman
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0018543 (“Alger”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,242,766 (“Lyle”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0003412 (“Halbert”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0050019 (“Dowling”)
`Complaint, IOENGINE, LLC v. Roku, Inc., No. 6:21-cv-1296
`(W.D. Tex. Dec. 14, 2021)
`Preliminary Infringement Contentions, IOENGINE, LLC v. Roku,
`Inc., No. 6:21-cv-1296 (W.D. Tex. Mar. 3, 2022)
`Frank McPherson, “How to Do Everything with You PocketPC and
`HandheldPC,” published May 22, 2000
`Excerpt of Warwick Ford & Michael S. Baum, Secure Electronic
`Commerce, published 1997 (“Ford”)
`High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System Revision 1.0,
`published February 17, 2000 (“HDCP 1.0”)
`IOENGINE, LLC’s Responsive Claim Construction Brief,
`IOENGINE, LLC v. Roku, Inc., No. 6:21-cv-1296 (W.D. Tex. Aug.
`18, 2022)
`
`v
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
`
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Petitioner respectfully requests inter partes review (“IPR”) of Claims 17-21,
`
`I.
`
`
`
`25-35, 54-57, 59-69, 85-89, 93-99 (“Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No.
`
`10,972,584 (EX1301, “’584 Patent”). The Board should institute trial and cancel
`
`the Challenged Claims.
`
`The Challenged Claims purport to cover the basic idea of a “portable device”
`
`with a memory and processor such that the portable device can communicate with a
`
`network and a “terminal.” But this architecture was well known before the ’584
`
`Patent: both in general and specifically in the personal digital assistant (“PDA”) art.
`
`PDA prior art never considered by the Patent Office renders the Challenged Claims
`
`unpatentable. The Patent Owner’s infringement theories against Petitioner’s
`
`products in co-pending district court litigation confirm the overbreadth of the
`
`Challenged Claims and that the asserted prior art reads on the same.
`
`II. MANDATORY NOTICES
`A. Real Party-In-Interest (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1))
`
`The petitioner in this proceeding is Roku, Inc. (“Roku” or “Petitioner”) and
`
`Roku is the real party-in-interest. There are no other real parties-in-interest.
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`B. Related Matters (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2))
`
`IOENGINE, LLC (“Patent Owner”) has asserted the ’584 Patent against
`
`Petitioner in a co-pending litigation, IOENGINE, LLC v. Roku, Inc., No. 6:21-cv-
`
`1296 (W.D. Tex.) (“District Court Case”). EX1309. The Complaint in the litigation
`
`was filed on December 14, 2021 and served on December 15, 2021.
`
`Petitioner identifies U.S. Application No. 17/409,761; U.S. Application No.
`
`17/222,294 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 11,082,537); U.S. Application No.
`
`15/712,780 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 10,447,819 (“’819 Patent”)); U.S. Application
`
`No. 15/712,714 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 10,397,374 (“’374 Patent”)); U.S.
`
`Application No. 14/721,540 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 9,774,703 (“’703 Patent”));
`
`U.S. Application No. 13/960,514 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 9,059,969 (“’969
`
`Patent”)); U.S. Application No. 12/950,321 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 8,539,047
`
`(“’047 Patent”)); and U.S. Application No. 10/807,731 (issued as U.S. Patent No.
`
`7,861,006 (“’006 Patent”)) as related administrative matters.
`
`Petitioner identifies the following district court proceedings involving the
`
`’703 Patent, ’969 Patent, and ’047 Patent: IOENGINE, LLC v. PayPal Holdings,
`
`Inc., No. 18-cv-452 (D. Del., filed Mar. 23, 2018); and Ingenico Inc. v. IOENGINE,
`
`LLC, No. 18-cv-826 (D. Del., filed June 1, 2018).
`
`2
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`Petitioner identifies the following inter partes review proceedings involving
`
`the ’819 Patent, ’703 Patent, ’969 Patent, and ’047 Patent: IPR2022-01257;
`
`IPR2022-01258; IPR2019-00416; IPR2019-00584; IPR2019-00879; IPR2019-
`
`00929;
`
`IPR2019-00884;
`
`IPR2019-00885;
`
`IPR2019-00886;
`
`IPR2019-00887;
`
`IPR2019-00906; IPR2019-00907; IPR2019-00930; and IPR2019-00931. The
`
`Board’s judgments in IPR2019-00879 and IPR2019-00929 are pending on appeal in
`
`IOENGINE, LLC v. Ingenico Inc., Case Nos. 21-1227, -1331, -1332, -1375, and -
`
`1376 (Fed. Cir.).
`
`C. Counsel (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3)) and Service Information (37
`C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3)-(4))
`
`Petitioner designates James L. Lovsin (Reg. No. 69,550) as lead counsel for
`
`this matter, and designates James L. Korenchan (Reg. No. 70,760), Mateusz J.
`
`Kulesza (Reg. No. 74,965), and Margot M. Wilson (Reg. No. 77,094) as back-up
`
`counsel for this matter.
`
`Post mailings and hand deliveries for lead and back-up counsel should be
`
`addressed to: McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert and Berghoff LLP, 300 South Wacker
`
`Drive, Chicago, IL, 60606. (Telephone: 312-913-0001; Fax: 312-913-0002).
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(4), Petitioner consents to e-mail service at:
`
`docketing@mbhb.com.
`
`For compliance with 37 C.F.R. § 42.10(b), a Power of Attorney is filed
`
`concurrently herewith.
`
`III. PAYMENT OF FEES
`
`The undersigned authorizes the Office to charge the fee required by 37 C.F.R.
`
`§42.15(a) and any additional fees to Deposit Account 132490.
`
`IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR
`A. Grounds for Standing
`
`Petitioner certifies the ’584 Patent is available for IPR and Petitioner is not
`
`barred or estopped from requesting IPR on the following grounds.
`
`4
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`
`Identification of Challenge
`
`B.
`
`
`
`The Specific Art on Which the Challenged is Based
`
`This Petition relies on the prior art identified below, none of which was
`
`previously considered by the USPTO.1 This Petition also relies on an expert
`
`declaration of Dr. Andrew B. Lippman (EX1303, referred to as “Lippman”).
`
`Name
`Alger
`
`Lyle
`
`Halbert
`
`Dowling
`
`Exhibit
`1305
`
`Filed
`6/25/2001
`
`Published/Issued
`1/23/2003
`
`Prior Art
`§102(b)
`
`1306
`
`1307
`
`1308
`
`11/21/2001
`
`7/10/2007
`
`6/27/2002
`
`1/1/2004
`
`9/7/2001
`
`3/13/2003
`
`§102(e)
`
`§102(a)
`
`§102(b)
`
`
`
`
`
`Statutory Grounds on Which the Challenged is Based
`
`The Challenged Claims are rendered unpatentable based on:
`
`
`1 As the cited art predates the ’584 Patent’s earliest priority date, Petitioner takes
`
`no position as to the legitimacy of the priority claim.
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`5
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`Ground Statute
`1
`§103
`
`2
`
`3
`
`§103
`
`§103
`
`Art Cited
`Alger and Lyle
`
`Alger, Lyle, and Halbert
`
`Alger, Lyle, Halbert, and
`Dowling
`
`
`Claims Challenged
`17-21, 25-26, 29-35, 54-
`57, 59-60, 63-69, 85-89,
`93-94, and 97-98
`27-28, 61-62, and 95-96
`
`99
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`
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`Discretionary Denial is Not Warranted
`
`Petitioner respectfully submits that the Board should not exercise its
`
`discretion under 35 U.S.C. §§314(a) or 325(d) to deny this Petition.
`
`(a) The Fintiv factors do not apply
`
`Denial would be improper based on Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc., IPR2020-0019,
`
`Paper 11 (PTAB Mar. 20, 2020) because the Petition presents compelling evidence
`
`of unpatentability. Interim Procedure For Discretionary Denials in AIA Post-Grant
`
`Proceedings With Parallel District Court Litigation, at 3-4 (Jun. 21, 2022).
`
`(b) The General Plastic factors do not apply
`
`The ’584 Patent has not been challenged in any prior IPR petition. As such,
`
`none of the discretionary factors in General Plastic Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Canon
`
`Kabsuhiki Kaisha, IPR2016-01357, Paper 19 at 16 (PTAB Sep., 6, 2016) (Section
`
`II.B.4.i precedential) apply to this Petition, and discretionary denial is not warranted.
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
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`(c) The Becton, Dickinson factors favor institution
`
`None of the asserted references or Dr. Lippman’s testimony were disclosed,
`
`cited, or considered during prosecution. As such, the discretionary factors in Becton,
`
`Dickinson & Co. v. B. Braun Melsugen AG, IPR2017-01586 Paper 8 (PTAB Dec.
`
`15, 2017) (precedential) weigh in favor of institution, and discretionary denial is not
`
`warranted.
`
`The asserted references are materially different from the prior art considered
`
`by the Examiner; and are not cumulative of the art actually relied upon during
`
`prosecution. As discussed below, the Examiner never rejected the Challenged
`
`Claims and noted in reasons for allowance that the art of record did not teach certain
`
`features. But the asserted references teach the features that the Examiner found
`
`lacking in the art of record. For at least this reason, Alger is materially different and
`
`not cumulative of the art of record.
`
`V. BACKGROUND
`A.
`
`’584 Patent
`
`The ’584 Patent discloses “a portable device [referred to throughout the
`
`specification as a tunneling client access point (“TCAP”)] configured to
`
`communicate with a terminal and a network server, and execute stored program code
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
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`in response to user interaction with an interactive user interface.” EX1301, Abstract.
`
`Figure 1, below, illustrates a topology of a TCAP connected to a terminal (right side
`
`of figure) and back-end TCAP server(s) (left side of figure). Id. 3:59-60.
`
`The topology includes remote storage 105; servers 110, 115, and 120;
`
`communication network 113a, 113b, and 113c; access terminals (“ATs”) 127; TCAP
`
`
`
`130; and user 133a. Id. 3:59-4:4, 4:17-40.
`
`B.
`
`Prosecution History of the ’584 Patent
`
`The ’584 Patent issued from a sixth continuation application, U.S. Application
`
`No. 16/579,169 (the “’169 Application”). The Challenged Claims were never
`
`rejected by the Examiner in an Office Action during examination. Further, many of
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
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`the Challenged Claims were added or amended after the Notice of Allowance.
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`Lippman, ¶53; EX1302, pp.26-41, 44-52.
`
`The Examiner stated that the art of record does not teach “the portable device
`
`comprising a communication interface, network interface, an interactive user
`
`interface and program code that receives commands and affect presentation on the
`
`interactive user interface” and “other features such as the portable device configured
`
`to facilitate key exchange as well as securely transmitting the processed data through
`
`the communication interface.” EX1302, pp.49-50; Lippman, ¶55.
`
`C. Overview of Technology and Asserted Prior Art
`
`
`
`Overview of Technology
`
`The architecture recited in the Challenged Claims was well known before the
`
`priority date of the ’584 Patent. Lippman, ¶69.
`
`A Pocket PC is a computing device “that can rest on your hand and fit in your
`
`pocket.” PocketPC Guide, p.27. Pocket PCs utilize the Windows CE operating
`
`system, “can connect to the Internet,” and can be used to “send and receive e-mail,
`
`browse [and download] any Web site, transfer files,” “read books, and listen to
`
`music,” and “play video.” PocketPC Guide, pp.21, 27, 322, 323; Lippman, ¶70.
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`Windows CE supports “video output to external monitors,” thus allowing the
`
`Pocket PC to display content on a “regular computer monitor.” PocketPC Guide,
`
`pp.33, 331; Lippman, ¶71. Thus, some Pocket PCs included “a port to connect an
`
`external monitor,” and sometimes used “an adapter to connect to monitor cables.”
`
`PocketPC Guide, p.76; Lippman, ¶71.
`
`Secure network communication using encryption and digital certificates, and
`
`secure communication between portable devices and terminals using, for example,
`
`the HDCP protocol, were well known before the priority date of the ’584 Patent, as
`
`illustrated by Ford and HDCP 1.0, respectively. Lippman, ¶¶72-80.
`
`
`
`Overview of Asserted Prior Art
`(a) Alger
`
`Alger teaches a client portal for “reviewing and purchasing electronic books.”
`
`Alger, ¶[0010]; Lippman, ¶¶81-82. The portal may access “available [preselected]
`
`sites” and sites offering “product[s] that the portal is optimized to purchase,” and
`
`may be “part of an application” that “seamlessly retrieves content from a network
`
`and integrates the content into the application.” Alger, ¶[0010]; Lippman, ¶¶82-86.
`
`The system illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a “computing device in the form of”
`
`a “personal digital assistant” (“PDA”) 120. Alger, ¶[0019]; Lippman, ¶87.
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`Alger FIG. 1
`
`
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`Monitor 147 is connected to PDA 120 via “video adapter 148.” Id. PDA “120
`
`may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more
`
`remote computers,” such as “remote computer 149.” Alger, ¶[0022]; Lippman, ¶89.
`
`Client portal 301 shown in FIG. 3 includes “operating functions 302” and
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`“memory 303” and “provides access to obtain and convey information over a
`
`network such as the Internet.” Alger, ¶[0029]; Lippman, ¶¶90-92. Operating
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
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`functions 302 provide “user interfaces” (“UIs”) 304 and 305. Alger, ¶[0029];
`
`Lippman, ¶¶90-92.
`
`Alger FIG. 3.
`
`(b) Lyle
`
`Lyle teaches “content protection using a transmitter that encrypts data, a
`
`receiver that receives and decrypts the encrypted data, and an external agent that
`
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
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`communicates with” the “transmitter and receiver to facilitate the encryption and
`
`decryption.” Lyle, 1:7-16; Lippman, ¶¶94-96.
`
`A “transition minimized differential signaling interface (‘TMDS’ link)” is
`
`used for “transmission of video data from” a “host processor” (e.g., portable
`
`computer) operating as a transmitter “to a monitor” or other display device operating
`
`as a receiver. Lyle, 1:20-28, 64-67; Lippman, ¶97.
`
`Lyle teaches “encryption and decryption of data in accordance with the” High-
`
`bandwidth Digital Content Protection (“HDCP”) protocol and other protocols, over
`
`“a TMDS serial link” such as DVI. Lyle, 2:3-11, 3:6-11, 7:8-16; Lippman, ¶¶98-99.
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`An “external agent [can provide keys] to” the “receiver and transmitter.” Lyle,
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`7:38-62; Lippman, ¶¶100-102.
`
`(c) Halbert
`
`Halbert teaches “secure transactions via an interactive television ‘ticker.’”
`
`Halbert, ¶[0002]; Lippman, ¶¶104-108. FIG. 1 shows “system 100 for distributing
`
`ticker,” “Internet,” and “television content,” including “Internet 102,” “content
`
`sources 104,” “distribution centers” 106, and “client terminals 108.” Halbert,
`
`¶[0026]; Lippman, ¶109. Portals “can be provided for” “cellular telephones” and
`
`“PDAs” to access “system 100.” Halbert, ¶[0033]; Lippman, ¶¶109-110.
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01554
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`Halbert FIG. 1.
`
`
`
`(d) Dowling
`
`Dowling teaches a retractable keyboard and a display that provide a non-area-
`
`constrained [UI] and allow Dowling’s mobile unit to “function as a laptop/desktop
`
`computer.” Dowling, Abstract, ¶[0006]; Lippman, ¶¶112-114. These devices may
`
`be connected
`
`to Dowling’s mobile unit/smart phone using “Bluetooth™
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
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`connections.” Dowling, Abstract; Lippman, ¶114. The mobile unit may be used to
`
`download media from a server and display the media using UIs of the mobile unit.
`
`Dowling, ¶¶[0032], [0038]; Lippman, ¶115.
`
`VI. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART
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`On or before 3/24/2004, a POSA in the field of the ’584 Patent would have
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`had a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science,
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`Computer Engineering or related discipline, and experience in programming
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`software or firmware for computers/peripheral devices or databases/servers, and
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`would have had a working understanding of computer hardware, operating systems,
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`encryption, data storage, user interfaces, and communication protocols. Lippman,
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`¶¶60-64.
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`
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`VII. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
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`Claims are construed in accordance with the Phillips standard applied in
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`district court. 37 C.F.R. § 42.200(b). Although the District Court has not yet
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`construed claims in the District Court Case, Patent Owner has served infringement
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`contentions showing Patent Owner’s expected interpretations of certain claim terms,
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`including “terminal” and “facilitate a key exchange” recited in independent Claims
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`1, 39, and 73. Lippman ¶¶65-66. Patent Owner is expected to take the same positions
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`on “terminal” and “facilitate a key exchange” in this proceeding, and based on these
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`expected interpretations, the prior art discloses all limitations of the Challenged
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`Claims.
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`The table below summarizes Petitioner’s understanding of Patent Owner’s
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`interpretation of certain terms recited in the Challenged Claims based on Patent
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`Owner’s infringement contentions:
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`Claim Term
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`“terminal”
`(Claims 1, 39, and 73)
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`“facilitate a key exchange”
`(Claims 1, 39, and 73)
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`
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`Patent Owner’s Expected
`Interpretation in This Proceeding
`
` A
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` “computing device,” which is
`broad enough to include a TV or
`monitor that displays video and/or
`outputs audio (See, e.g., EX1310,
`p.160; EX1309, p.72; EX1314, p.9-
`10).
`Broad enough to include initiating
`or participating in a key exchange
`(See, e.g., EX1310, pp.162-166;
`EX1309, p.74).
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` Petitioner submits that the other terms recited in the Challenged Claims, other
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`than those identified in the table above, can be given their ordinary and customary
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`meaning as would have been understood by a POSA. Thus, no express constructions
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`are needed for the Board to institute the IPR and cancel the Challenged Claims.
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`Lippman ¶68.
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`VIII. GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY
`A. Ground 1: Combining Alger and Lyle Renders Claims 17-21, 25-
`26, 29-35, 54-57, 59-60, 63-69, 85-89, 93-94, and 97-98 Obvious
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` Motivation to Combine Alger and Lyle
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`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Alger and Lyle to arrive at
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`the alleged invention of Claims 17-21, 25-26, 29-35, 54-57, 59-60, 63-69, 85-89, 93-
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`94, and 97-98 and would have had a reasonable expectation of successfully doing
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`so. Lippman, ¶¶122-123.
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`Alger and Lyle each teach delivering electronic media from a server to a
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`computer, and, in turn, to a display connected to the computer. Id. ¶124.
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`Alger’s system includes a computing device (i.e., PDA 120) connected to
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`remote computer(s) (i.e., remote computer 149) over a network. Alger, ¶¶[0019],
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`[0022], FIG. 1; Lippman, ¶¶125-126.
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`Alger FIG. 1.
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`
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`System bus 123 “couples various system components” to “processing unit
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`121” of PDA 120, and “monitor 147” is “connected to the system bus 123” via
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`“video adapter 148.” Alger, ¶¶[0019], [0021], FIG. 1; Lippman, ¶127.
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`Client portal 301 “can be used with a media player application for playing
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`back electronic media,” and can be employed to list “Web sites that offer electronic
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`media, and then to retrieve content from these sites directly into the media player.”
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`Alger, ¶[0049]; Lippman, ¶128.
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`“[C]ontent preferred by a user” may be downloaded “to the client portal 301”
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`but may be inaccessible “until the user actually purchases the content.” Alger,
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`¶[0068]; Lippman, ¶124. The “downloaded content” may be “encrypted with a key
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`that is unavailable to the user” until “the user makes an offline request to purchase
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`the content.” Lippman, ¶129.
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`Lyle teaches that a TMDS/TMDS-like link is used for “transmission of video
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`data” from “a host processor” (e.g., a desktop or portable computer) operating as a
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`transmitter “to a monitor” operating as a receiver. Lyle, 1:20-28, 64-67, 6:9-17;
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`Lippman, ¶¶130-131.
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`Lyle teaches “encryption and/or decryption of data in accordance with the
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`HDCP protocol” and other protocols, for “transmission over a TMDS” link such as
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`DVI. Lyle, 2:3-11, 3:6-16, 7:8-16; Lippman, ¶¶132-133.
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`In the system architectures shown in FIGs. 7 and 8, where content transmitted
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`from a source (i.e., 11 in FIG. 7 and 111 in FIG. 8, either of which could be an audio
`
`or video server) is protected by a hierarchy of protocols. Lyle, 19:4-50; Lippman,
`
`¶¶134-135.
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`Lyle FIGs. 7 and 8.
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`“Content authority 116, content source 111, content router 113, delivery paths
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`121 and 122, and handshake paths 124, 125, and 126 of FIG. 8 correspond
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`functionally to content authority 16, content source 11, content router 13, delivery
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`paths 21 and 22, and handshake paths A, B, and C of FIG. 7.” Lyle, 25:42-47;
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`Lippman, ¶137. Thus, “units 114 and 115 [of FIG. 8] correspond to a distributed
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`implementation of receiver 15 of FIG. 7.” Lyle, 25:47-52; Lippman, ¶¶137-140.
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`“[R]eceiver 15 is the final destination of the encrypted data,” is “configured
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`to decrypt the encrypted data that it receives,” and “can be a TV set, a portable MP3
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`player, an information kiosk,” or “another final destination.” Lyle, 19:9-17;
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`Lippman, ¶134. “[D]elivery path 21 can” be “an internet connection” or a cable
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`“link, and delivery path 22” is a “TMDS-like link.” Lyle, 19:41-50; Lippman, ¶136.
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`Advanced Encryption Standard (“AES”) protocol can “encrypt data
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`transmitted over paths 121 and 122.” Lyle, 26:15-18; Lippman, ¶141. Content source
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`111 sends encrypted data over path 121 to router 113, which forwards the encrypted
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`data over path 122 to receiver 114. Lyle, 26:18-25. Receiver 114 uses a
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`cryptographic key to decrypt the encrypted data, re-encrypts the data, and sends the
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`re-encrypted data to receiver 115 via link 123.” Id. 26:28-33. Receiver 115 decrypts
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`the data received over link 123, and displays the decrypted data. Id. 26:37-40; see
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`also id. 25:53-63, 11:57-63, 12:19-22.
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`Content authority 116 supplies each of router 113 and receivers 114 and 115
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`with cryptographic keys, although there “are many [other] ways to perform a key
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`exchange.” Lyle, 13:20-45, 21:2-6, 22:60-65, 25:39-47, 26:25-28, 33-37; Lippman,
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`¶¶142-143.
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`In Alger, remote computer 149 operates as a data source for PDA 120, which
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`transmits the data to monitor 147 for display. Lippman, ¶144. Thus, PDA 120
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`operates as a data transmitter, and monitor 147 operates as a data receiver. Id.
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`According