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`________________________________
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`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`________________________________
`
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`ROKU, INC.,
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`Petitioner,
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`v.
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`IOENGINE, LLC
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`Patent Owner.
`____________________________
`
`Case IPR2022-01551
`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`________________________________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
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`
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`
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01551
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`LIST OF EXHIBITS……………………………………………………………….v
`I.
`Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1
`II. MANDATORY NOTICES ................................................................................. 2
`A. Real Party-In-Interest (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1)) ............................................ 2
`B. Related Matters (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2)) ...................................................... 2
`C. Counsel (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3)) and Service Information (37 C.F.R. §
`42.8(b)(3)-(4)) ........................................................................................................ 3
`III. PAYMENT OF FEES ......................................................................................... 4
`IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR .............................................................................. 4
`A. Grounds for Standing .................................................................................... 4
`B.
`Identification of Challenge ............................................................................ 5
`1. The Specific Art on Which the Challenged is Based ................................. 5
`2. Statutory Grounds on Which the Challenged is Based .............................. 5
`3. Discretionary Denial is Not Warranted ...................................................... 5
`V. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 7
`A.
`’584 Patent ..................................................................................................... 7
`B. Prosecution History of the ’584 Patent ......................................................... 8
`C. Overview of Technology and Asserted Prior Art ......................................... 9
`1. Overview of Technology ............................................................................ 9
`2. Overview of Asserted Prior Art ............................................................... 10
`VI. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART .............................................. 15
`VII. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION .............................................................................. 16
`VIII. GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY ..................................................... 17
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`A. Ground 1: Combining Ozawa and Prabhu Renders Claims 1, 3-16, 22-24,
`39, 41-53, 58, 73, 75-84, and 90-92 Obvious ...................................................... 17
`1. Motivation to Combine Ozawa and Prabhu ............................................. 17
`2. Claim 1 ..................................................................................................... 22
`3. Claim 3 ..................................................................................................... 52
`4. Claim 4 ..................................................................................................... 52
`5. Claim 5 ..................................................................................................... 53
`6. Claim 6 ..................................................................................................... 54
`7. Claim 7 ..................................................................................................... 54
`8. Claim 8 ..................................................................................................... 55
`9. Claim 9 ..................................................................................................... 57
`10. Claim 10 ................................................................................................ 58
`11. Claim 11 ................................................................................................ 58
`12. Claim 12 ................................................................................................ 59
`13. Claim 13 ................................................................................................ 59
`14. Claim 14 ................................................................................................ 60
`15. Claim 15 ................................................................................................ 61
`16. Claim 16 ................................................................................................ 61
`17. Claim 22 ................................................................................................ 62
`18. Claim 23 ................................................................................................ 63
`19. Claim 24 ................................................................................................ 64
`20. Claim 39 ................................................................................................ 65
`21. Claim 41 ................................................................................................ 66
`22. Claim 42 ................................................................................................ 66
`23. Claim 43 ................................................................................................ 66
`24. Claim 44 ................................................................................................ 66
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`25. Claim 45 ................................................................................................ 66
`26. Claim 46 ................................................................................................ 67
`27. Claim 47 ................................................................................................ 67
`28. Claim 48 ................................................................................................ 67
`29. Claim 49 ................................................................................................ 67
`30. Claim 50 ................................................................................................ 67
`31. Claim 51 ................................................................................................ 67
`32. Claim 52 ................................................................................................ 67
`33. Claim 53 ................................................................................................ 67
`34. Claim 58 ................................................................................................ 67
`35. Claim 73 ................................................................................................ 68
`36. Claim 75 ................................................................................................ 68
`37. Claim 76 ................................................................................................ 68
`38. Claim 77 ................................................................................................ 69
`39. Claim 78 ................................................................................................ 69
`40. Claim 79 ................................................................................................ 69
`41. Claim 80 ................................................................................................ 69
`42. Claim 81 ................................................................................................ 69
`43. Claim 82 ................................................................................................ 69
`44. Claim 83 ................................................................................................ 69
`45. Claim 84 ................................................................................................ 69
`46. Claim 90 ................................................................................................ 69
`47. Claim 91 ................................................................................................ 69
`48. Claim 92 ................................................................................................ 70
`B. Ground 2: Combining Ozawa, Prabhu, and Lyle Renders Claims 2, 36-38,
`40, 70-72, and 74 Obvious ................................................................................... 70
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`1. Motivation to Combine Ozawa, Prabhu, and Lyle .................................. 70
`2. Claim 2 ..................................................................................................... 80
`3. Claim 36 ................................................................................................... 81
`4. Claim 37 ................................................................................................... 83
`5. Claim 38 ................................................................................................... 86
`6. Claim 40 ................................................................................................... 87
`7. Claim 70 ................................................................................................... 88
`8. Claim 71 ................................................................................................... 88
`9. Claim 72 ................................................................................................... 88
`10. Claim 74 ................................................................................................ 88
`IX. NO SECONDARY CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................ 88
`X. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 88
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`PETITIONER’S LIST OF EXHIBITS
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`Exhibit
`
`Description
`
`1001
`1002
`1003
`1004
`1005
`1006
`1007
`1008
`1009
`1010
`1011
`1012
`1013
`1014
`1015
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`1016
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`1017
`1018
`1019
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`1020
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`File Wrapper of U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Declaration of Dr. Andrew B. Lippman (“Lippman”)
`Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Andrew B. Lippman
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2001/0030959 (“Ozawa”)
`U.S. Provisional No. 60/197,848 (“OzawaPro-1”)
`U.S. Provisional No. 60/197,320 (“OzawaPro-2”)
`U.S. Provisional No. 60/197,310 (“OzawaPro-3”)
`U.S. Provisional No. 60/197,308 (“OzawaPro-4”)
`U.S. Provisional No. 60/197,233 (“OzawaPro-5”)
`U.S. Provisional No. 60/197,234 (“OzawaPro-6”)
`U.S. Patent Application No. 09/473,625 (“Ozawa’625”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0104091 (“Prabhu”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,242,766 (“Lyle”)
`Complaint, IOENGINE, LLC v. Roku, Inc., No. 6:21-cv-1296 (W.D.
`Tex. Dec. 14, 2021)
`Preliminary Infringement Contentions, IOENGINE, LLC v. Roku,
`Inc., No. 6:21-cv-1296 (W.D. Tex. Mar. 3, 2022)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,324,338 (“Wood-1”)
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0057893 (“Wood-2”)
`Excerpt of Warwick Ford & Michael S. Baum, Secure Electronic
`Commerce, published 1997 (“Ford”)
`IOENGINE, LLC’s Responsive Claim Construction Brief,
`IOENGINE, LLC v. Roku, Inc., No. 6:21-cv-1296 (W.D. Tex. Aug.
`18, 2022)
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,972,584
`Petition for Inter Partes Review – IPR2022-01551
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`I.
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`INTRODUCTION
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`Petitioner respectfully requests inter partes review (“IPR”) of Claims 1-16,
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`22-24, 36-53, 58, 70-84, and 90-92 (“Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No.
`
`10,972,584 (EX1001, “’584 Patent”). The Board should institute trial and cancel the
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`Challenged Claims.
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`The Challenged Claims purport to cover the basic idea of a “portable device”
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`with a memory and processor such that the portable device can communicate with a
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`network node and a “terminal.” But this architecture was well known before the
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`’584 Patent: both in general and specifically in the set-top box (“STB”) art.1 STB
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`prior art never considered by the Patent Office renders the Challenged Claims
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`unpatentable. The Patent Owner’s infringement theories against Petitioner’s
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`products in co-pending district court litigation confirm the overbreadth of the
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`Challenged Claims and that the asserted prior art reads on the same.
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`1 Except for quotations from asserted references, “set-top box” / “set top box” are
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`abbreviated as “STB” in the Petition.
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`1
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`II. MANDATORY NOTICES
`A. Real Party-In-Interest (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1))
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`The petitioner in this proceeding is Roku, Inc. (“Roku” or “Petitioner”) and
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`Roku is the real party-in-interest. There are no other real parties-in-interest.
`
`B. Related Matters (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2))
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`IOENGINE, LLC (“Patent Owner”) has asserted the ’584 Patent against
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`Petitioner in a co-pending litigation, IOENGINE, LLC v. Roku, Inc., No. 6:21-cv-
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`1296 (W.D. Tex.) (“District Court Case”). EX1015. The Complaint in the litigation
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`was filed on December 14, 2021 and served on December 15, 2021.
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`Petitioner identifies U.S. Application No. 17/409,761; U.S. Application No.
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`17/222,294 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 11,082,537); U.S. Application No.
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`15/712,780 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 10,447,819 (“’819 Patent”)); U.S. Application
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`No. 15/712,714 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 10,397,374 (“’374 Patent”)); U.S.
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`Application No. 14/721,540 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 9,774,703 (“’703 Patent”));
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`U.S. Application No. 13/960,514 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 9,059,969 (“’969
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`Patent”)); U.S. Application No. 12/950,321 (issued as U.S. Patent No. 8,539,047
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`(“’047 Patent”)); and U.S. Application No. 10/807,731 (issued as U.S. Patent No.
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`7,861,006 (“’006 Patent”)) as related administrative matters.
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`2
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`Petitioner identifies the following district court proceedings involving the
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`’703 Patent, ’969 Patent, and ’047 Patent: IOENGINE, LLC v. PayPal Holdings,
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`Inc., No. 18-cv-452 (D. Del., filed Mar. 23, 2018); and Ingenico Inc. v. IOENGINE,
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`LLC, No. 18-cv-826 (D. Del., filed June 1, 2018).
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`Petitioner identifies the following inter partes review proceedings involving
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`the ’819 Patent, ’703 Patent, ’969 Patent, and ’047 Patent: IPR2022-01257;
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`IPR2022-01258; IPR2019-00416; IPR2019-00584; IPR2019-00879; IPR2019-
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`00929;
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`IPR2019-00884;
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`IPR2019-00885;
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`IPR2019-00886;
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`IPR2019-00887;
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`IPR2019-00906; IPR2019-00907; IPR2019-00930; and IPR2019-00931. The
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`Board’s judgments in IPR2019-00879 and IPR2019-00929 are pending on appeal in
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`IOENGINE, LLC v. Ingenico Inc., Case Nos. 21-1227, -1331, -1332, -1375, and -
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`1376 (Fed. Cir.).
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`C. Counsel (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3)) and Service Information (37
`C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3)-(4))
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`Petitioner designates James L. Lovsin (Reg. No. 69,550) as lead counsel for
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`this matter, and designates James L. Korenchan (Reg. No. 70,760), Mateusz J.
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`Kulesza (Reg. No. 74,965), and Margot M. Wilson (Reg. No. 77,094) as back-up
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`counsel for this matter.
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`Post mailings and hand deliveries for lead and back-up counsel should be
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`addressed to: McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert and Berghoff LLP, 300 South Wacker
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`Drive, Chicago, IL, 60606. (Telephone: 312-913-0001; Fax: 312-913-0002).
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`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(4), Petitioner consents to e-mail service at:
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`docketing@mbhb.com.
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`For compliance with 37 C.F.R. § 42.10(b), a Power of Attorney is filed
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`concurrently herewith.
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`III. PAYMENT OF FEES
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`The undersigned authorizes the Office to charge the fee required by 37 C.F.R.
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`§42.15(a) and any additional fees to Deposit Account 132490.
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`IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR
`A. Grounds for Standing
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`Petitioner certifies the ’584 Patent is available for IPR and Petitioner is not
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`barred or estopped from requesting IPR on the following grounds.
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`4
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`Identification of Challenge
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`B.
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`1.
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`The Specific Art on Which the Challenged is Based
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`This Petition relies on the prior art identified below, none of which was
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`previously considered by the USPTO.2 This Petition also relies on an expert
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`declaration of Dr. Andrew B. Lippman (EX1003, referred to as “Lippman”).
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`Name
`Ozawa
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`Prabhu
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`Lyle
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`Exhibit
`1005
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`Filed
`3/16/2001
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`Published/Issued
`10/18/2001
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`Prior Art
`§102(b)
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`1013
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`1014
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`1/26/2001
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`8/1/2002
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`11/21/2001
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`7/10/2007
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`§102(b)
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`§102(e)
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`2.
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`Statutory Grounds on Which the Challenged is Based
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`The Challenged Claims are rendered unpatentable based on:
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`
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`Ground Statute
`1
`§103
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`Art Cited
`Ozawa and Prabhu
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`§103
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`Ozawa, Prabhu, and Lyle
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`Claims Challenged
`1, 3-16, 22-24, 39, 41-53,
`58, 73, 75-84, and 90-92
`2, 36-38, 40, 70-72, and 74
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`2
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`3.
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`Discretionary Denial is Not Warranted
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`2 As the cited art predates the ’584 Patent’s earliest priority date, Petitioner takes
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`no position as to the legitimacy of the priority claim.
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`Petitioner respectfully submits that the Board should not exercise its
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`discretion under 35 U.S.C. §§314(a) or 325(d) to deny this Petition.
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`(a) The Fintiv factors do not apply
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`Denial would be improper based on factors in Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc.,
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`IPR2020-0019, Paper 11 (PTAB Mar. 20, 2020) because the Petition presents
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`compelling evidence of unpatentability. Interim Procedure For Discretionary
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`Denials in AIA Post-Grant Proceedings With Parallel District Court Litigation, at
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`3-4 (Jun. 21, 2022).
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`(b) The General Plastic factors do not apply
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`The ’584 Patent has not been challenged in any prior IPR petition. As such,
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`none of the discretionary factors in General Plastic Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Canon
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`Kabsuhiki Kaisha, IPR2016-01357, Paper 19 at 16 (PTAB Sep., 6, 2016) (Section
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`II.B.4.i precedential) apply to this Petition, and discretionary denial is not warranted.
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`(c) The Becton, Dickinson factors favor institution
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`None of the asserted references or Dr. Lippman’s testimony were disclosed,
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`cited, or considered during prosecution. As such, the discretionary factors in Becton,
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`Dickinson & Co. v. B. Braun Melsugen AG, IPR2017-01586 Paper 8 (PTAB Dec.
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`15, 2017) (precedential) weigh in favor of institution, and discretionary denial is not
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`warranted.
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`The asserted references are materially different from the prior art considered
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`by the Examiner; and are not cumulative of the art relied upon during prosecution.
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`The Examiner never rejected the Challenged Claims and noted in reasons for
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`allowance that the art of record did not teach certain features. But the asserted
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`references teach the features the Examiner found lacking in the art of record. For at
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`least this reason, Ozawa is materially different and not cumulative of the art of
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`record.
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`V. BACKGROUND
`A.
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`’584 Patent
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`The ’584 Patent discloses “a portable device [referred to throughout the
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`specification as a tunneling client access point (“TCAP”)] configured to
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`communicate with a terminal and a network server, and execute stored program code
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`in response to user interaction with an interactive user interface.” EX1001, Abstract.
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`Figure 1, below, illustrates a topology of a TCAP connected to a terminal (right side
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`of figure) and back-end TCAP server(s) (left side of figure). Id. 3:59-60.
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`The topology includes remote storage 105; servers 110, 115, and 120;
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`communication network 113a, 113b, and 113c; access terminals (“ATs”) 127; TCAP
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`130; and user 133a. Id. 3:59-4:4, 4:17-40.
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`B.
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`Prosecution History of the ’584 Patent
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`The ’584 Patent issued from a sixth continuation application, U.S. Application
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`No. 16/579,169 (the “’169 Application”). The Challenged Claims were never
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`rejected by the Examiner in an Office Action during examination. Further, many of
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`the Challenged Claims were added or amended after the Notice of Allowance.
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`Lippman, ¶52; EX1002, pp.26-41, 44-52.
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`The Examiner stated that the art of record does not teach “the portable device
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`comprising a communication interface, network interface, an interactive user
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`interface and program code that receives commands and affect presentation on the
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`interactive user interface” and “other features such as the portable device configured
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`to facilitate key exchange as well as securely transmitting the processed data through
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`the communication interface.” Id. at 49-50; Lippman, ¶54.
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`C. Overview of Technology and Asserted Prior Art
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`1.
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`Overview of Technology
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`The architecture recited in the Challenged Claims was well known before the
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`’584 Patent, as illustrated by STB prior art listing Anthony Wood – founder and
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`CEO of Roku – as an inventor. U.S. Patent No. 6,324,338 (EX1017, “Wood-1”);
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0057893 (EX1018, “Wood-2”);
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`Lippman, ¶¶68-76.
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`Furthermore, the secure network communications recited in the Challenged
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`Claims was well known before the priority date of the ’584 Patent, as illustrated by
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`Secure Electronic Commerce, written by Warwick Ford & Michael S. Baum
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`(EX1019, “Ford”), which was published by Prentice Hall PTR in 1997 (ISBN 0-13-
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`476342-4). Lippman, ¶82. Ford extensively discusses protecting the security of
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`electronic communications over the Internet using encryption and digital certificates,
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`demonstrating that these techniques were well known to a person of ordinary skill
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`in the art (“POSA”) as of the earliest priority date of the ’584 Patent. Ford also
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`describes means for implementing digital certificates and encryption, enabling a
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`POSA to use these techniques. Id.
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`2.
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`Overview of Asserted Prior Art
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`(a) Ozawa
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2001/0030959 (EX1005, “Ozawa”)
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`incorporates by reference six provisional applications: U.S. Provisional No.
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`60/197,848 (EX1006, “OzawaPro-1”), U.S. Provisional No. 60/197,320 (EX1007,
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`“OzawaPro-2”), U.S. Provisional 60/197,310 (EX1008, “OzawaPro-3”), U.S.
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`Provisional No. 60/197,308 (EX1009, “OzawaPro-4”), U.S. Provisional No.
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`60/197,233 (EX1010, “OzawaPro-5”), and U.S. Provisional No. 60/197,234
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`(EX1011, “OzawaPro-6”). Ozawa, ¶[0001]. Further, Ozawa incorporates by
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`reference U.S. Application No. 09/473,625 (EX1012, “Ozawa’625”). Lippman,
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`¶86.
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` OzawaPro-1, OzawaPro-2, OzawaPro-3, OzawaPro-4, OzawaPro-5,
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`OzawaPro-6, (hereinafter, “the Ozawa provisionals”), and Ozawa’625, are each a
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`part of the disclosure of Ozawa for purposes of this IPR. Lippman, ¶¶85-86; see,
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`e.g., NueMoDx Molecular Inc. v. Handylab, Inc., IPR2020-01133, Paper 23 at 4-6
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`(citing Paice LLC v. Ford Motor Co., 881 F.3d 894, 907 (Fed. Cir. 2018)).3
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`In the STB field, Ozawa discloses “a method and apparatus for handling
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`MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group) and other SI (Service Information) data
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`formatted in ATM [(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)] packets.” Ozawa, ¶[0003];
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`Lippman, ¶87. Ozawa provides a mechanism to get SI data to a system processor
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`“in an efficient manner that neither overloads the system processor nor places undue
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`performance requirements on the system processor.” Ozawa, ¶[0004]; Lippman,
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`¶87.
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`Ozawa’s embodiments illustrate an STB connected to a television and a
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`service provider head end. FIG. 1 of Ozawa illustrates this architecture. Lippman,
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`¶88.
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`3 Because Ozawa predates the ’584 Patent, Petitioner need not and does not rely on
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`the filing date of OzawaPro-1, OzawaPro-2, OzawaPro-3, OzawaPro-4, OzawaPro-
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`5, OzawaPro-6, and Ozawa’625.
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`FIG. 2 of Ozawa below illustrates a block diagram of an STB that can be used
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`with embodiments of Ozawa. Lippman, ¶90.
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`Each of the Ozawa provisionals discloses various operations that are
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`applicable in the above-indicated architecture. Lippman, ¶91.
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`(b) Prabhu
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`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0104091 (EX1013, “Prabhu”)
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`“provides methods and apparatuses for passing secure … video streams from a
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`digital set-top box to a digital television in accordance [with] EIA standards 775A
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`and 799,” where “EIA 775A is a specification for sending video and user interface
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`information to a DTV over a[n] [IEEE] 1394 interface.” Prabhu, ¶[0007]; Lippman,
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`¶94. “In one embodiment, the invention contains a component performing on-screen
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`display function for user interface information displayed on a DTV.” Prabhu,
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`¶[0007]; Lippman, ¶94.
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`Prabhu also discloses that a copy protection module of the STB “incorporates
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`a 5C authentication protocol” allowing the STB to selectively stream out high
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`definition video over the 1394 bus to the DTV, provided that the DTV is an
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`authenticated device. Prabhu, ¶¶[0022]-[0023]; see also Prabhu ¶¶[0043]-[0047],
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`FIG. 7; Lippman, ¶96.
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`(c) Lyle
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`U.S. Patent No. 7,242,766 (EX1014, “Lyle”) teaches “content protection
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`using a transmitter that encrypts data, a receiver that receives and decrypts the
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`encrypted data, and an external agent that communicates with at least one of the
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`transmitter and receiver to facilitate the encryption and decryption.” Lyle, 1:7-16.
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`Lippman, ¶101.
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`Lyle teaches that “a transition minimized differential signaling interface
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`(‘TMDS’ link) … is used primarily for high-speed transmission of video data from
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`a set-top box to a television.” Lyle, 1:20-28, 1:64-67; Lippman, ¶102.
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`Lyle also teaches that the “High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection”
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`(“HDCP”) protocol “has been proposed to encrypt video data for transmission over
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`a TMDS serial link” such as a DVI link. Lyle, 2:3-11, 3:6-11; Lippman, ¶102. Lyle
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`thus teaches “encryption and/or decryption of data in accordance with the HDCP
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`protocol,” modified versions thereof, and “other non-HDCP protocols.” Lyle, 7:8-
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`16; Lippman, ¶103.
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`Lyle further teaches that “[c]onventional encryption methods and systems
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`often use keys that are either captive (contained wholly within a transmitter or
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`receiver, and seldom or never changing) or limited in number (sometimes distributed
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`with the media that stores the encrypted content).” Lyle, 7:38-42; Lippman, ¶104.
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`Thus, “an external agent [can provide] at least one key to at least one of the receiver
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`and transmitter,” so that “the system can operate using more keys, the keys can be
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`changed frequently, and the keys can be limited either in scope (allowable use), in
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`time (with an expiration date), or in some other way.” Lyle, 7:42-62; Lippman,
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`¶104.
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`VI. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART
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`On or before 3/24/2004, a POSA in the field of the ’584 Patent would have
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`had a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science,
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`Computer Engineering or related discipline, and experience in programming
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`software or firmware for computers/peripheral devices or databases/servers, and
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`would have had a working understanding of computer hardware, operating systems,
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`encryption, data storage, user interfaces, and communication protocols. Lippman,
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`¶60.
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`VII. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
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`Claims are construed in accordance with the Phillips standard applied in
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`district court. 37 C.F.R. § 42.200(b). Although the District Court has not yet
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`construed claims in the District Court Case, Patent Owner has served infringement
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`contentions showing Patent Owner’s expected interpretations of certain claim terms,
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`including “terminal” and “facilitate a key exchange” recited in independent Claims
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`1, 39, and 73. Lippman ¶¶64-65. Patent Owner is expected to take the same
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`positions on “terminal” and “facilitate a key exchange” in this proceeding, and based
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`on these expected interpretations, the prior art discloses all limitations of the
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`Challenged Claims.
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`The table below summarizes Petitioner’s understanding of Patent Owner’s
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`interpretation of certain terms recited in the Challenged Claims based on Patent
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`Patent Owner’s Expected
`Interpretation in This Proceeding
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` A
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` “computing device,” which is
`broad enough to include a TV or
`monitor that displays video and/or
`outputs audio (See, e.g., EX1016,
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`Owner’s infringement contentions:
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`Claim Term
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`“terminal”
`(Claims 1, 39, and 73)
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`p.160; EX1015, p.72; EX1020, p.9-
`10).
`Broad enough to include initiating
`or participating in a key exchange
`(See, e.g., EX1016, pp.162-166;
`EX1015, p.74).
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`“facilitate a key exchange”
`(Claims 1, 39, and 73)
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`Petitioner submits that the other terms recited in the Challenged Claims, other
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`
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`than those identified in the table above, can be given their ordinary and customary
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`meaning as would have been understood by a POSA. Thus, no express constructions
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`are needed for the Board to institute the IPR and cancel the Challenged Claims.
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`Lippman ¶67.
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`VIII. GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY
`A. Ground 1: Combining Ozawa and Prabhu Renders Claims 1, 3-
`16, 22-24, 39, 41-53, 58, 73, 75-84, and 90-92 Obvious
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`1. Motivation to Combine Ozawa and Prabhu
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`A POSA would have been motivated to combine Ozawa and Prabhu to arrive
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`at the alleged invention in Claims 1, 3-16, 22-24, 41-53, 58, 73, 75-84, and 90-92
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`and would have had a reasonable expectation of successfully doing so. Lippman,
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`¶113.
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`Ozawa and Prabhu are in the same field of endeavor, and were both filed by
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`and assigned to Sony Electronics, Inc. Further, Ozawa and Prabhu each teach
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`delivering content (e.g., video) to an STB, and, in turn, to a TV connected to the
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`STB. In addition, Ozawa and Prabhu each teach communication between an STB
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`and a digital TV in accordance with the home audio video interoperability (HAVi)
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`standard, which is part of an architecture set forth by an industry group (including
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`Sony) enabling interoperability among devices on a network regardless of the
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`manufacturer of the device, such as on a 1394 interface or Digital Visual Interface
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`(DVI) between the STB and the TV. See Ozawa, ¶¶[0022], [0024]; Prabhu, ¶[0004];
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`Lippman, ¶114.
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`Ozawa’s STB 22 can include a smart card reader that serves as a conditional
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`access module [(‘CAM’)] conventionally utilized for “authorization of services and
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`storage of authorized cryptography keys,” such as by “provid[ing] the key for
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`decoding incoming cryptographic data for content that the CAM determines the user
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`is authorized to receive.” Ozawa, ¶[0031]; Lippman, ¶115.
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`An STB performs copy protection in both Ozawa and Prabhu. See OzawaPro-
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`5, p.34 (copy protecting digital signals over a 1394 interface); see also OzawaPro-
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`5, p.10 (the STB utilizes Digital Transmission Copy Protection (DTCP) for digital
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`copy protection, which “[was] previously known as ‘5C Copy Protection’”) and p.50
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`(the STB’s video outputs to the TV must support copy protection); Lippman, ¶116.
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`Prabhu teaches passing secure video streams from a digital STB to a dig