MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page lof3
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`MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page 1 of 8
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`

`

`Handbook for Sound Engineers
`Third Edition
`
`Glen M. Ballou
`Editor
`
`CD
`
`Focal
`Press
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page 2 of 8
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`

`

`\Orx,rt ol thu puhL~llon m.1y be reptuduc<d ..tatOO ut .l N;tnrt\al i-)Sli!'ltl.,
`Of lt.1r,~m111cl Ill lrly k•m '" h~ ,II\) 11!<:II\\, elo..ln•nu;. fflCl.-11.-"1,:.,1
`P-,ot~y•n,:, rcconhng. or oihc-N·;.~. "'"'1hc1ul l:J)I;' pncir \\Tittcn pcrnu.~-,un
`,►fll! <t p1,J,1i\l!(f
`
`cx::) Rl.'I.V!Qtb:!D~ IB-" 1mp.i,1.ui.:<.,I rrc .. .:niwi. li'lul lu1bco..'lf li'nl'lat,
`B111~~911h l lt'mcni;nu1 p-1111.,. ill; ht>1:~~ 11o!1 acKJ.f;1:t" P,lifi','1 ~ r (l<tt.►1 bk-
`
`Nlf 1nlom1.11",a an all f"OAI PTC'u r~llunanll u••a1.labkt. C'OtlQ.t.:S ~
`WNIJ Witk w~r h1.>fl'II: ,,1i;.t 111 hltr: w"' w f .... ~t1r•.:"'-... cnm
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`MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page 3 of 8
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`

`

`Chapter 1
`
`Fundamentals of Audio and
`Acoustics
`
`by Pat Brown
`
`I 1 h1ln~ll11.11nn
`1 l (lie lk,;;ibcl
`1.3 LouJaw and Le\d
`I~ Fr~1Jcn,:>·
`I .5 w, .. ·ciet11U1
`lt>~llrli&c~~_,.
`I i <;;\.lf'C"11N1'11iun
`1.8 Oh.m't Lu,
`I i> Humnn Hnnns
`I 10 \ftll')11.;,nntt Au.ho Pw1nmi \b1cn~d
`I II Sound}'rop(tptio~ •
`l 111 lh~)i.o,nt.s.t~
`1112 "'rltJ. 1,eS.,tUu
`I I~ CoDClusfoo
`8 ibl,oglilflhy
`
`.. 5,
`
`" " • • u
`
`n
`• , 14
`' 10
`18
`, 18
`
`.. It-: ,.
`
`.. 21
`" JI
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page 4 of 8
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`

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`fiundarrk!n~h or \udl6 and AcoU'-lkii
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`!'inu,..f~fl
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`sill.A ~•!j_•'la'>:- ...... tl ..
`110 -~~~~:f
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`llfJ'-'C ffi>or
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`10
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`Figure 1-1. 'iou,..11.....t .. (-i ,n,,1;,,,110 ,..,q...,: fk,,..,,gri~,;
`•nd Opt'f;tWr, toune-v ~~,i.Au1H.o,i
`
`,ui.,I 11oa&0u11~
`•rrrupnatc ti11.ll1,.:cic-,
`I(, a,1,1t1tc
`l1Q111t1II: hK11R I-? NIO',I• some lyp:ocul
`b11m1111
`iOW"b.l fll't'iUu-c,• 1..-vtl~ th31 DTt o/ l.nJcte$! 10 audlll
`J'lliKlilirlncr.
`
`1.4 fff'quency
`
`·\ w•~" Ii
`Sound J>C'tl"l)lc .,re 1n U,c Vl;rw hu!,111Nf,
`pro.111,;c,I -.1 .. ,11,111...-,b,.h >-. J1.,1ml1d llic n>rdtmn
`Cl11 l)e lilt, Vl,·.,tcr, ilco.L tbe conh, Cf(. Tltc d1ltUI·
`ban~ produc.~ :i ducttataan tn In.!' ,mtum ~,ate ,;d
`the m..::il111m lh11t Ph1"1-1-1'<!lc,; M-J "If''" 111 •t m,I •~
`Ollf\'l'•"J fnlffl tla: JUUtte of the d1,1u1!;,:lffl:.:, ii one.
`second 15 Ui<:d ill I tdc1e1M;t tune .pan. the 11umhcr
`or nu~1~ul4:on, :thuH' lll'IJ hdU'II. the ambit':1t ~OT1Jt-
`
`bc•II p;-1 ~~,.,,.1,1 hit,.: /,r--,1.,-~,- \II tic ~.-r11, 1n.l 1-.
`....-.:pc-c11.,W m ~clc,, p<I 9('COfld. or Hcnz. lhunans
`i;-.1n ht,ir frcqVC'rw.:lts &i kM ZO Hz anlf .h h1gb ll'o
`.W.O()(J H, (20 kUr.). 111 JJI .au l,1> cm:.•,1.1 the u~u•I
`'lu:mr11) c,I rn~,;-1 h ihe cl«tn<::d ,-ulr113('
`lr1 .m
`.,,;o!J:,1,cal UfCUII .. i'l 11,:: I.it J'l<.:..'NJl'C
`A-. ,utecl ;-ii tht drdhr-1 hc.'ctlCJll, 11111111111 ;1~ ~•11-
`5tll"C to tltc: pt'l)p-,tt,r1i.al-cbat1~ In p(MC1, ,dui~c.
`S'ft-i.~Ult., and dhtl1'11:t-, Thi,;- h al'-<) tna.- for ln:(cid:173)
`quctll.~ llwe ~,, 11t the h,-.,.~1 ~ihf-c ftcq1KT11.yor
`20 H1,;md 11~·1\".-S< ,t by• 2 IIO I r.iuo. chc n:wlt 11 H)
`lil • .all 111tcl\al nf one octti\c. Di-,hlm• 4(111.1 yu:IJ.,
`~o Ht. Th:~ IS ~IU'! ~, on.e-DCl.fl,e lpaD, yt'I fl CCltltllll.'I
`1v.~-e u~ r,C\IU(f>l'c, •ban 11"' P'l'"1t11.1~ oo.,-e. E:1 .. b
`~SSl\'f' fic,qllCl\t') doub1m,g},cld1 .motht-r oct&\(,
`dll.S c,r..:h h,gb« 1,eui.--t wall l!lH" ' " ii.'~ ti~ "!lt'ttral
`t.on.1.m! of one. bcl~ 1(- I h11 m.,M";i. the lo,11r11hmk
`..;-.-1,e ;.,11bM~ ft•r di.,p1~111a heqll'C.'ni:). Fi1urc., 1-'.II
`f t 1-9 lh.o• n I01?,.111thmlc: fn:,quet\l..J sc.nlo IN.I
`:,.,.,nllt u.•,dol ,livi,1.--.n~ Thtpc-m:-w«I m"lr,•lm ,,f1~
`~um forab1.1m.snli:-1!c1Ktl.'1.&b1111t I kl!:,
`'¼me le~· f1cqlk't11:y 11111,1' (\<'>I
`lo to I QUO decade
`~ 10 I flllO Ol:U\'c.
`llc ~ I f\"'f'(ltl~ ,,f 4 •}~l,:,1q lkw.nht-1 lhc
`frcqUCftCICS Wi c..m p;u, 1hrou~ tb•t SYl'ffll nm.
`ffillYI aJv.~ br '-tllll.-J "'-"M.h llfl ,IPrfllf't'"'.lt' lukt9.n«,
`:aud1 ,II .,J Jll Thu1 UU!ijt'df l~qu,ef11::lb,u, the h,;itui
`w,dth <If th<' ")'J.lt1m \Ii li)"tm 1,;,,1mp,i'IIIICIWI" h:'.1\C ll
`liiutc bllfl.J~ldth ~'-llllMI s~•lilt'111t m wuall)- oond(cid:173)
`\1, 1dth h1niied hl for re11~ of ,siJbth~ 1111d lood(cid:173)
`~1.cr pnica·111m, A ~11un1 ,utnh in ·,,ui tit ~
`en obwn1: ti'tt' 'f"-'L1ral r~rc1n1\l' <•1 2 ")"1l'"I t)f"1>) ...
`ti:m coinponcn,
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`1,5 w"~ength
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`If lht in.-q1a:lll;) I of a .,.,t,,ai,t,n h kn<!lt' 11, 1bc 11m,:
`pcnu..l T for oeic ~,le of\1ha1inn 1:1n be- roonJh)
`the ~imp!..: rtlarnJ1•!>lnp
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`11111 1
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`I 11111
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`log Scale
`11(
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`:ij,'.J 11'1
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`1001(
`
`11
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page 5 of 8
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`

`

`10
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`Ch111 lll'I' I
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`len~tbofOflCCl(IITIJl~l~C~.l•t? 1-1(1 Srncttno.R
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`t •~ frc1I\JC110' m ha,1',
`:- IA: th,,: p•n;u:l!Km speed of •Ji~ W11H'
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`\\.111t>,;. Jlf'Ol'JJitl-1¢ ,t II ii,«d !tua'I 1 .. ,,Cp;m.k.'1\1 un
`the tl.11Utt' ol lhc WI\'(' nnd the mcdw:m thlll It IS put,•
`lit£ lru'Oll¥f' fl~~ of'"" W,Wt' 1ll'"l1'11Ullll.'1 tht
`pll~'S'(al ~IZC o(lllc w1~. "lled 11, ..,,.,1-,tft1tJ:1h. The
`-.rceJ oJ 11-gbc
`in a ,,acuum ti IIRlfO.'um.i~l-y
`1(1(1 00/:l.Ofo(l mch::r• ("Ct '(:t.,_lfld Tlw: \J)Cl'1I uf J.ft
`cloctto~cnt ll':IW Ill C'Oppl'r V\ltt IS i(Jtl)c.'\o,.Jial
`le,..; u,v,,lt) 'XI''., 111 Q,~., ,,f 1h~ ,T'N'J ,1f hgh1. Tiic
`fast propo~l,i:on. spc:c-d ot dc~"1:l "-ll\'-">
`n1:,ll~ th.:1! ',\J.\·t1'.'TI1tl"- ,,1, ... -mel) )(lfll )It lludro he•
`t(lk:~to. ri~.1 4 11
`,\11tK '-*' tod1'• hi:quc-n..:11.:~ t\ Iii· and \JIIFI,
`tlii.' Wl'lo~kr.gths ~ \~· soon °"~ tnt..-ci.'f 01
`!\111<:nJJ,l\ ,,. ~""',: ,111;b wa-c-• •nu~I ~ vi
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`COl.'ll~l'tlbk r h )~ Sl.l~ 1$111n~ otll:·q.,1.1,rt,.:1 lo
`,n10ola111f """~\'ll'n~th Wh.-n •~''-" hc,a(ll'Tlt loo tlmrt
`for ptaC1'Cll JifllCflll~. OObl:'lJ\.~ dlShcli CU bt used ro
`C<tllei.'t Ifie w11\n, II -.h,)111\1 llf 1•111,1.,I f'IUI 1h:tl tl-,c
`h1jihtct fr~-. that hllmlila c.ut 1:n::at 1abo111
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page 6 of 8
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`

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`II
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`l <
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`t = 11T
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`JOUl1) H wn1>1Ji:-1cJ • 'Wl't)' 111\.,. (l~'(jl.:C-llC)' whm
`1;;,,,,,~u:d !.he ti MC dctllt1'1NJi-:11~ •f~1nnn
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`al->J I to laJJ;o.: l"OOl11i dM:n: ~ l"C' DJ\'Cnt: dl..-.:b
`,~ r,:1'.,:cbc!n:l. \,.'l.,c,tx rdltcbon5 ,--.;arr .. ti.:r. •
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`__.o, ,tbntinf: a ilMdllmt. axll at 1111d. 'Mlkf.Yf
`....n, l'nlm ;t ripl ~ die cqp::,.r~ a.rb:.~•
`do ro,;t!Utioa nt ,di«, 1111 q)e cqu1b Ole
`u IN~ ,;p:ah U,.Jaqli ~ lnl.$I WC
`"Cf'J ~oa. rcaa!bar. • ~ W1 •re thort m ~
`m=tdrftcc ~Ir.. A1tb.1t~ ICOUil.~s u tbt 1111d)
`o( rhc flt I I' IOI" of w'Afti W,H' • !" C1lt~ . . 'r'f,
`comr•~ 1,, 311 c:ec1Jom•ICMf~ •ew or die tame'
`he,..1111."1,~), Th<- v..n,:-lc.n.:·ti, 11J 111'11,t f1~1-.:io: m
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`llit r,nill !rem abuut I~ m,ctcrt a'O Ill) t.11 11 mm
`Iii.•! 11d hc:l.h lll.11 ~1,I •l'•u· n1h:1 ti 1
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`dtlud 'IQII\ the Uh.:r1nt,: cq,;.: ICIXC
`n 1).1 111t~• (abl11.d I I) fttti S.ace 1hc ll-1\~
`\\h:n u,n1 CO,:.,:,utteJ • IOO!'JI IUfU.._--c, J.
`rln ~ W.n p~ I( tie tw1kt' • n,;l,.
`~l!3 ot nJ and llip-fr~ . 1 .~ •-.n
`lff dlOf1 .... compM'd SO lhc toClllll 111.ar (WJ' II('
`1-itt tit.aft 6c 'n\-Tktiith,. 8 ,dlcrt:o, OCQn- ..S
`111.-r.slwoa-ub-rwdboadtk~
`ftldulc4 USO, l'CftccnorN and c.dlon l)o.'Cla'
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`MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page 7 of 8
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`u
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`lftbc ol.""1'u .. 1.il11'1 D unllkt 1k1111 the )0.<1.,.\'.lcll.;!ll! of
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`ob~tru.:•i•.11'1 .nJ 1;m11i11111c'I k) pn1pu~.1tc Both cflCCt,
`x~ c:nir.p~ i nd h·••qu...•J'IC) i "'':ll/l'ltft~} ,leprn;.k'nt.
`m:lklnt th.>tn J1P.kult to i:.akubtt hg I, IJ
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`The R'tl..X:tcJ 'o\.:l'I"" ..., ,, I be tltOft1! 11 thi:. sun~,
`tiu,. IO'II.· :ahU'j'l:100 \<. 1h-l,1rpt,1YI u,; 1n.:!'t'li.cd. ·h·
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`k\-el d
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`n~'-' 1.11 .._U>li ""·""·• w,• 1,1,,.,,,0 ,wh .. 1.,-~
`I, ,unrl.11" In l ~ " - ' !o\.r:, CnMt"") 'wn J,,,,d.( nn
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`tafli.l,ilJ1, ll..; W.1\1,'. v.111 ~ ~1111!:n:d ro.1'1tll'll:1&ll_y
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`-.; 11U,c,1lnf III i:Tll~"I h•l:;nini, 'J"llli:C". n.i l•JJ
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`1.6 Surl.:t(C Sh.1pes
`
`rht <::t"dmetl") or j b<lurnt1ry c:::m h:1,-c ::a profound
`llfTCl:I un ti~ b(ti l\'101" nfth~ •\•Ut,tl ltt..1 ... rik.C1o ii 11 j.,
`usually bc-tti..'t' to SOll"ret SOUl'ld I.ban to fol!UJ !l . A
`«rnu,c ri .. ,m ho.ttmd;dy ,~1ld '1,: 1,>01,kJ fnr IH,
`l\"-<ISIOI\, F1~ 1-14. \timy .;iodlt(IDUl.1\1- bll\'t ~onca\lC
`rc-.ar ,\Ill!. iu,,J halct1ll} fir« 111.11 rc4utre cucn...-~~
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`surh,:c.- 1• n1<lrc ck,.o1h~, ~=r.c;c n ,,:am.'rs ,;ound
`..,,M::-. .-1,~~ ,u~ck~tl~ arc ,u=tll 1cb11,·c to 1h,,;
`Qllhw ol t:un-:.t·,n Cl.'lm,,.-n t an l)ro'·ldc IH¢i~
`J,ri:,.-11,i1}· l'OO.IN1f "' '•""· f'tcQui:11di:, hill .ii h1il1 fr,,
`\jiJ.:!l..:·1c-• cttt J'h•d11-1:c p1nh1"1h.t11~ r,:A«t;1,1,:-.
`l!CC"lnelll n-Bc..:uons alto o«u1 wh~~ 11n clcetfl'"'
`•• '"h. r g< 1n IIT'r,edan,c
`ni:i,_:,\ur "'-,1\C ~ ,t~
`f«-sucil \'li'll\a Ob\ d1ni;cJo,.i.,n a w1tc, lhc rcilccti,,-i
`t" "11,.k k•"'&l'd\ lti\' t,OUN:\" <11 Ill,: WI~\• S nch Nn«.
`1100 ... arc "''" 11.,u;1lly ,1 rrublcm unki;.~ 1~,.'fr "'- a
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`11"4\t":I-
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`MZ Audio, Ex. 2007, Page 8 of 8
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