McGRAW-HILL
`DICTIONARY OF
`, SCIENTIFIC AND
`, , · TECHNICAL
`TERMS .
`
`:
`
`', ,
`
`'
`
`,
`,
`
`Sixth
`Edition
`
`McGraw-Hill
`New York Chicago San Francisco
`Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
`Milan New Delhi
`.San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2003, Page 1 of 7
`
`

`

`On the cover: Representation of a fullerene molecule with a noble gas atom trapped
`inside. At the Permian· Triassic sedimentary boundary the noble gases helium and argon
`have been found trapped inside fullerenes. They exhibit isotope ratios quite similar to
`those found in meterorites, suggesting that a fireball meteorite or asteroid exploded
`when it hit the Earth, causing major changes in the environment. (Image copyright ©
`Dr. Luann Becker. Reproduced with permission.)
`
`Over the six editions of the Dictionary, material has been drawn from the following references: G. M. Garrity
`et al., Taxorwmic Outline oftheProcaryotes, Release 2, Springer-Verlag, January 2002; D. W. Linzey, Vertebrate
`Biology, McGraw-Hill, 2001 ; J. A. Pechenik, Biology of the Invertebrates, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000; U.S.
`Air Force Glossary of Standardized Terms, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 1, 1972; F. Casey, ed., Compilation ofTetms
`in Information Sciences Technology, Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Communications(cid:173)
`Electronics Terminology, AF Manual II-I, vol. 3, 1970; P. W. Thrush, comp. and ed., A Dictionary of Mining,
`Mineral, and Related Terms, ·Bureau of Mines, 1968; A DOD Glossary of Mapping, Charting lll)d Geodetic
`Terms, Department of Defense, 1967; J. M. Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary of Terms and
`Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Report 67158, 1967; W. H. Allen, ed., Dictionary of
`Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1965; Glossary of Stinfo
`Terminology, Office of Aerospace Research, U.S. Air force, 1963; Naval Dictionary of Electronic, Technical,
`and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Personnel, I 962; R. E. Huschke, Glossary of Meteorqlogy, American
`Meteorological Society, 1959; ADP Glossary, Department of the Navy, NAVSO P-3097; Glossary of Air Traffic
`Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary of Range Terminology, White Sands Missile Range, New
`Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424; Nuclear Terms: A Glossary, 2d ed., Atomic Energy
`Commission.
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Sixth Edition
`·
`Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All rights
`reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United Stat~s Copyright Act
`of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored
`in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`234567890
`
`DOW/DOW
`
`0876543
`
`ISBN 0-07-042313-X
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms--6th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07-042313-X (alk. paper)
`1. Science--Dictionaries. 2. Technology--Dictionaries.
`and technical terms.
`
`I. Title: Dictionary of scientific
`
`QI23.M15
`503---dc21
`
`2002
`
`2002026436
`
`. ---
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2003, Page 2 of 7
`
`

`

`448
`
`complex number
`
`composite bearri
`
`COMPLIANT SUBSTRATE
`
`Q~2{j
`d;:M,:I I
`
`(cl
`Process flow of forming a
`semiconductor compliant substrate
`containing a twist boundary. (a)
`Initial substrate. (b) Two substrates
`bonded at an angle. (c) Compliant
`substrate with a twist boundary,
`created by removing most of one
`substrate.
`
`COMPOSITE BEAM
`
`Steel-concrete composite beam in
`which a steel wide-flange shape
`(W-shaped deck) is attached to a
`concrete floor slab.
`
`quantity by a complex number whose real component equals
`the instantaneous value of the physical quantity, a sinusoidally
`varying quantity thus being represented by a point rotating in
`a circle centered at the origin of the complex plane with uniform
`speed. { 'kllm,pleks nll'ta·sh:m }
`[MATII] Any number of the form a + bi,
`complex nµmber
`where a and b are real numbers, and ,-2 = -1.
`( 'kllm,pleks
`'nam·bar}
`complex number system
`[WITH] The field of complex
`numbers. { :kam,pleks 'nam·b:ir ,sis·tam }
`complexometrlc tltratle>n
`[ANALY CHEM] A technique of
`volumetric analysis in which the formation of a colored com(cid:173)
`plex is used to indicate the end point of a titration. Also
`known as chelatometry. Also spelled compleximetric titra(cid:173)
`tion. { k:im:plek·sa:me·trik ,ti'trii·sh:in J
`complex permeeblllty
`[ELECTROMAo] A property, desig(cid:173)
`nated by µ. •, of a magnetic material, equal to 1J.o (I/Lo), where
`L is the complex inductance of an inductance coil in which the
`magnetic material forms the core when the coil is ·connected
`to a sinusoidal voltage source; and Lo is the vacuum inductance
`of the coil. { 'kllm,pleks ,p:ir·me·a'bil·ad·e )
`complex permittivity
`[El.EC] A property of- a dielectric,
`equal to eo(C/C0), where C is the complex papacitance of a
`capacitor in which the dielectric is the insulating material when
`the capacitor is connected to a sinusoidal voltage source, and
`C0 is the vacuum capacitance of the capacitor. { 'klim,pleks
`,p:ir·ma'tiv·ad·e l
`complex plane
`[WITH] A plane whose points are assigned
`the real and imaginary parts of complex numbers for coordi(cid:173)
`nates. { :klim,pleks 'pliin i
`complex potential
`[PL MECH] An analytic function in ideal
`aerodynamics whose real part is the velocity potential and
`whose imaginary part is the stream function.
`[NUC PHYS] A
`generalization of the potential in the Schrodinger equation
`descrjbing the scattering of a nucle(ln ):,y a nucleus in the cloudy
`cxystaJ-l>all model. { 'klim,pleks pa'ten·cb:il }
`complex reflector
`[ENO] A structure or group of structures
`having many radar-reflecting surfaces facing in different direc(cid:173)
`tions.
`{ 'kllm,pleks ri'flek•tar)
`complex relative attenuation
`[ELECTR] The ratio of the
`peak output voltage, in complex notation, of an electric filter
`to the output voltage at the frequency being considered. { 'kam-
`,pleks :rel·ad·iv a,ten·y:i'wa·sh:in J .
`.
`.
`[!NORG CHEM] A class of salts in which there
`complex satt
`are no detectable quantities .of each of the metal ions existing.
`in solution; an example is KJle(CN)6, which in solution has
`K+ but no Fe3+ because Fe is strongly bound in the complex
`ion, Fe(CN)/-. { 'klim,pleks 's6lt -}
`complex sphere See Riemann sphere. { 'kllm,pleks 'sfir J
`complex target
`[ENG] A radar target composed.of a number
`of reflecting surfaces that, in the aggregate, are smaller in
`all dimension~ than the resolution . capabilities of the radar.
`{ 'klim,pleks 'Uir· g:it J
`complex tombolo' [GEOL] A system resulting when several
`islands and the mainland are interconnected by a complex series
`of tombolos. Also known as tombolo cluster; .tombolo series.
`{ 'kiim,pleks 'tlim·b:i,lo}
`complex tone
`[Acous] A sound wave produced by the com(cid:173)
`bination of simple sinusoidal components of different frequen(cid:173)
`cies. { 'kiim,pleks 'tlln )
`
`complex unit fl] Any complex number, x + iy, whose
`
`( + y2), equals I. { 'klim,pleks 'yU·nat J
`absolute value,
`complex verlable·
`[MATif] A variable which assumes com(cid:173)
`plex numbers for values. { 'klim,pleks 'ver·e'·a•bal )
`complex velocity
`In ideal aerodynamic flow, the
`[PL MECH]
`derivative of the complex potential with respect to z = x + iy,
`wherex andy are the chosen coordinates: { ;kam,pleks va'Uis·
`oo·e l
`complex wave
`[Pl:fYS] A waveform which varies from
`instant to instant, but can be resolved into a number of sine(cid:173)
`wave components, each of a different frequency and probably
`of a different amplitude. { 'klim,pleks 'wav )
`compllance
`[MECH] The displacement of a linear mechani(cid:173)
`cal system under a unit force. { kam'p!I·ans J
`compliance constant
`[MECH} Any one of the coefficients
`of the relations in the ·generalized Hooke's Jaw used to express
`strain components as linear functions of the stress components.
`Also .known as elastic constant. { kam'plI·ans ,kan·stant J
`compliant character
`In psychoanalytic
`theory,
`[PSYCH]
`
`traits that include neurotic self-effacement, deference, and inap(cid:173)
`{ k:imlplI·ant 'kar·ii-
`propriate yielding to another person.
`tar J
`r
`compliant substrate
`[ELECTR] A semiconductor subst1ttc
`into which an artificially formed interface is introdu~ ne.r
`the surface which makes the substrate more readily def<lllnahie
`and allows it to support a defect-free semiconductor film-Of
`essentially any lattice constant, with dislocations forming-iii
`tpe snbstrate instead _of in the film. Also known as sacrifi~ii]
`compliant substrate. { k:im:pu·ant 'sab,striit J
`[INV zoo] Folded lengthwise several times, ii.I
`complicate
`applied to insect wings. { 'klim·pla,kat )
`compo board See composition board. { 'kiim,po ,b6rd.]
`compote See commutating pole. { 'kiim,pol }
`component
`[CHEM] 1. A part ofa mixture. 2. The smallest
`number of chemical substances which are able to form 'all'lhe
`constituents of a system in whatever proportion they may ·be
`present. · [l!LEC] Any electric device, such as a coil, resista
`capacitor, generator, line, or electron tube, having distinct eJi:c'.
`trical characteristics and having terminals at Which it may-fie
`connected to other components to form a circuit. Also known
`[MATH] . 1. In' a graph sys1em,
`as circuit element; element.
`a connected subgraph which is not a subgraph of any other
`connected subgraph. 2. For a set S, a connected subset ots
`that is not a subset of any other connected subset of S. 3.
`The projection of a vector in a given direction of a coordinate
`[ so TECH] A constituent part of a system; examples
`system.
`are a vector term which when added to others gives a vector
`sum. an ingredient of a chemical system, or themineral portion
`of a rock. { kam'po·nant l
`component bar chert
`[STAT] A bar chart which shows
`within each bar the components that make up the bar; .eacti
`component is represented by a section proportional in siu
`to its representation in the total of each bar.
`. { k:imiP(l;nam
`'bar ,chart }
`component dlstlllatlon
`[CHEM ENG] A distillation process
`in which a fraction that cannot normally be separated by distilla(cid:173)
`tion is removed by forming an az.eotropic mixture. { k31D'po·
`n:int dis·t:i'lli·sh:in J
`[svs ENO] A study
`component-failure-impact analysis
`that attempts to predict the consequences of failures of the
`system. Abbreviated CHA.
`major, components of a
`{ k:im\po•nant :ru •yar 'im,pakt :i,nal ·a·sas }
`component name See metii,variable. { kam'po·nant ,nlim-)
`component-substances law
`[OIEM) The Jaw that each
`substance, singly o~ in mixture, composing a material exhibilli
`specific properties that are independent of the other substances
`'( kam'po·nant 'sub·stan·s:is ,16 l
`,,
`in that material.
`comp9nent symb~I
`[l!LEc] A graphical design used to rep(cid:173)
`resent a component in a circuit diagram_ { kam 'pO•nant
`,sim·b:il J '
`•
`component vectors
`[MATH] Vectors parallel to spetjfied
`(usually perpendicular) axes whose sum equals a given vector.
`{ k;im'po·nant ,vek·t:irz J
`composing rule See composing stick. { kam'poz·iO ,rill }
`composing stick
`[ORAPHics] A t09l designed for holding
`iyw which is .being assembled and justified. { kam'pOz·ill
`,stik l
`.
`Composltae
`[BOT] The single family of the order Asterales;
`pemaps the largest family of flowering plants, it contains about
`19,000 species. { kam'piiz·:i,te l
`composite· [ENG Acous] A re-recording consisting of at
`[MJJERJ A material that results when
`least two elements.
`two or more ·materials, -each having its own, usually different
`characteristics, are combined, giving useful properties for spe·
`cific applications. Also known as composite material.
`{ kam'piiz·at }
`composite balance
`[ELEc] An electric balance made by
`modifying the Kelvin balance to measure amperage, voltage,
`or wattage. { k:im'paz·:it 'bal ·ans }
`.
`composite beam
`.A structural member composed
`[CIVENG]
`of two or more dissimilar materials joined together to act as a
`unit in which the resulting system is stronger than the sUID of
`its parts. An example in civil structures is the steel-concrete
`composite beam in which a steel wide-flange shape (I or W
`shape) is attached to a concrete floor slab.
`( kam'pllz- 3t
`'bem}
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2003, Page 3 of 7
`
`

`

`Hardwick conveyor loader head
`
`harmonic distortion
`
`959
`
`as those of calcium or magnesium, which form insoluble depos(cid:173)
`its in boilers and form precipitates with soap. { 'hiird :~6d ·
`:ir}
`Hardwick conveyor loader head
`[MIN ENG] A dust collec(cid:173)
`tor for belt conveyors used at the• loading station; a scraper
`chain runs at the bottom of a coal hopper and collects underbelt
`'
`{ 'hard, wik kan:va·:ir 'lod·ar ,bed }
`fines.
`hard-wire
`[ ELEC] . To connect electric components with
`solid, metallic wires as opposed to radio links and the like.
`{ 'hard :wrr J
`.
`hard-wired
`[COMPUT sci] Having·a fixed wired pro_gram or
`control system built in by the manufacturer !lDd not subject to
`change by programming. { 'hard :wrrd }
`hard-wire telemetry See wire-link telemetry. { 'hard , (¥Ir
`t;i'lem·a•tr! }
`' 1
`hardWood
`· Dense, close-grained wood of an ang_iq-_
`[MATER]
`spennous tree, such as oak, walnu_t, cherry, and maple.
`{ 1bard1 wild }
`,.
`,.:
`hardwood bearing
`[MECH ENG] A fluid-film bearing made
`of lignum vitae which has a natural gum, or of hard maple
`which is impregnated with oil, grease, or wax. { 'hiird,wild
`:ber·iJJ }
`'
`'
`harclwood forest
`[ECOL] 1. An ecosystem/laving deciduous
`treeS as the dominant form of vegetation. 2. An ecosy~tem
`consisting principally of trees that yield hardwood. { 'hard
`,wild :rar•ast }
`hard x-ray
`[ELECTR] An x-ray having 0 high pen'etrating
`power .
`. { 'hard :eks,ra }
`Hardy plankton indicator
`[ENG] Metal-shrouded net sam(cid:173)
`pler designed to collect specimens of plankton during nqrmal
`passage of a ship.
`{ 'hiircl-e 'plaok·tan ,in·da,kad·ar}
`hardy plant
`[BOT] A plant able to withstand low tempera(cid:173)
`tures without artificial protection. { :b!ir-di! :plant I
`Hardy-Schulz rule
`[PHYS CHEM] An fncrease in the charge
`of ions results in a large increase in their flocculating power.
`( 'hiircl-t! 'shu.lts ,riil }
`-
`hardystonite
`[MINERAL] Ca2ZnSi20 7 A white mineral
`composed of zinc calcium s.ilicate.
`( 'hlir·de·sta,nit }
`·
`Hardy-Weinberg law
`[ GEN] The concept that frequencies of
`both genes and genotypes will remain constant from generation
`to generation in an idealized-population where mating is ·random
`and evolutionary forces (such as mutation; migration, selection,
`or genetic drift) are absent. { :har·de 'win,b;irg ,lo }
`hare
`[VERT zoo] The common name for a number of Iago(cid:173)
`morphs in the family Leporidae; they differ from rabbits in
`being larger with longer ears; legs, and tails.
`[ her }
`Hare Se_e Lepus.
`( her }
`[MED J A congenital defect, sometimes hereditary,
`harelip
`marked by an abnormal cleft between !he upper lip and the .
`base of the nose. Also known_ as (;left lip.
`[ 'her,lip }
`Hare's hygrometer
`[ENG]_ ,_- A type of hydrom_eter in which
`~e ratio of the densities of two liquids is determined by measur(cid:173)
`mg the heights to which they rise in two . vertical glass tubes,
`connected at their upper ends, when suction is applied. { 'herz
`lij:'grtlm•oo·ar}
`Hargreaves process· [CHEM ENG] A process for the manu(cid:173)
`facture of salt cake (sodium sulfate) by passing .a mixture
`of sulfur .dioxide and air through sodium chloride brine in a
`countercurrent manner. { 'hlir·grevz ,prli·sas }
`Haring cell
`(PHYS CHEM] An electrolytic cell with four elec(cid:173)
`trodes used to measure electrolyte resistance and polarization
`of electrcx1et { 'her·iJJ ,sel }
`Harker diagram See variation diagram. { 'hark_ ·ar
`~•&ram} . .
`'
`Harke~•Kaaper
`inequalHlea
`Inequalities
`(SOLID STATE]
`:e,d in the analysis of crystal structure by ~-ray diffraction
`hlch relate the structure factors and help to determine their
`{ 'hlirk·ar 'kas·p;ir ,in·i'kwlil·ad·ez I
`Phase factors.
`H~rkln'a rule
`[PHYS] An empirical rule for the calculation
`0 the nuclear abundances of an element's isotopes stating that
`isotopes with an odd mass number are less abundant than their
`;ven-mass-number neighbors.
`[ 'hllr·kanz ,rt!I }
`~lectilan
`[GEOL] A European stage of geologic time:
`_wer Cambrian. { hlir'lek·i!i·an }
`~b~ See high-aspect-ratio microniachining..
`ann l
`h;~an . [~R_o CHEM] C 12H 1;,N"2 Crystals that melt at 237-
`kn C, 1nhib1ts growth of molds and certain bacteria. Also
`own as arabine; loturine; passiflorin.
`[ 'hlir·man }
`
`,dI·._
`
`( :ach:a:lir'em
`
`[ ,hiir·ma'tan I
`harmatan See harmattan.
`harmattan
`[METEOROL) A dry, dust-bearing wind from the
`northeast or east which blows in West Africa especially from
`late November until mid-March; it originates in the Sahara as
`a desert wind and extends southward to about 5°N in January
`and 18°N in July. Also spelled harmatan; harmetan; hermitan.
`[ ,har·ma'tan }
`harmetan See harmattan. { ,hiir·ma'tan }
`harmful interference
`[COMMUN] Radiation, enuss1on, or
`induction which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation
`broadcasting · service or of a safety broadcasting service, or
`obstructs or repeatedly interrupts a radio service operating in
`accordance with the appropriate regulations.
`( 'hiirm·ful ,int·
`a'fir·ans }
`harmless-depth theory
`[MIN ENG] Formerly, the hypothe(cid:173)
`sis that there was a certain depth below which mining could
`be carried on without risk of damage to the surface.
`[ 'hlirm·
`las :depth ,the·ne I
`•
`·
`harmonic
`[Acous] One of a series of sounds, each of which
`has a frequency which is an inJ.egral m~ltip(e · cif some funda(cid:173)
`[MATH] A solution of Laplace's equation
`mental frequency.
`which is separable in a specified coordinate system.
`[PHYS)
`A sinusoidal component of a periodic wave, having a frequency
`that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency. Also
`known as harmonic component { hiir'miin·ik }
`harmonica bug
`[ELECTR]· A surreptitious interception tech(cid:173)
`nique applied to telephone lines; the target instrument is modi(cid:173)
`fi~d so that a tuned' relay bypasses the switch hook and ringing
`circuit when a 500-hertz tone is received; this tone was origi(cid:173)
`nally generated by use of a: harmonica.
`( har'mlin·a·ka ,bag }
`harmonic analysis
`[MATI-1] A study of functions by
`attempting to represent them as infinite series or integrals which
`involve functions from some particular well-understood family;
`it subsumes studying a function via its Fourier series.
`[PHYS]
`Any method of identifying and evaluating the harmonics ,that
`make up a complex waveform of sound pressure, voltage, cur(cid:173)
`rent, or some other varying quantity.
`( hlir'man·ik a'nal •a·
`=l
`'
`harmonic analyzer
`[ELECTR] An instrument that measures
`the strength of each harmonic in a complex wave. Also known
`( hiir'man·ik 'an·a,liz·ar I
`as harmonic wave analyzer:
`harmonic antenna
`[ELECTROMAG] An antenna whose elec-
`trical length is an integral multiple of a half-wavelength ai the
`operating frequency of the transmitter or receiver. { hlir'miin·
`ik an'ten·a }
`harmonic attenuation
`[ELECTR] Attenuation of an unde:(cid:173)
`sired harmonic component in the output ofa transmitter.
`( har(cid:173)
`'miin · ik a,ten·ya'wll·shan }
`harmonic average See harmonic mean.
`harmonic component See harmonic.
`nant}
`·
`·
`harmonic conjugates
`[MATH] 1. Two points, P3 and P4 ,
`that are collinear with two given points, P1 and P2, such that
`P 3 lies in the line segment PIP 2 while P 4 lies outside it, aod,
`if xi, x2, x3, and x4 are the abscissas of the points, (x3 - x1)/
`xi) = -(x4 -
`xi)l(x4 - x2). 2. A pair of harmonic
`(x3 -
`functions, u and v, such that u + iv is an analytic function, or,
`equivalently, u and v satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations.
`( hiir'miin·ik 'kiin·ja·gats I
`harmonic content
`[PHYS] The components remaining after
`the fundamental frequency has been removed from a complex
`wave.
`{ hlir'miin·ik 'klin·tetit}
`harmonic conversion transducer-
`[ELECTR] A conversion
`transducer of which the useful output frequency is a multiple
`or a submultiple of the input frequency. { har'mltn ·ik kan:v:ir·
`zhan tranz,dU·sar)
`harmonic decline
`[PETRO ENG] One of three types of
`decline in oil or gas production rate (the others are constant(cid:173)
`percentage and hyperbolic), in which the nominal decline in
`production rate per unit of time expressed as a fraction of the
`production rate is prciportioaal to the production rate itself.
`( hlir'miin·ik di'klin }
`harmonic detector
`[ELECI'R) Voltmeter circuit so arranged
`as to measure only a particular harmonic of the fundamental
`frequency.
`( hiir'miin·ik di'tek·t::>r }
`. harmonic distortion
`in
`[ELECTR] Nonlinear distortion
`which undesired harmonics of a sinusoidal input signal are
`generated because of circuit nonlinearity. { hllr'man·ik di's(cid:173)
`t6r·shan}
`
`[ hiir,miin·ik 'av·rij }
`[ har'miin·ik kam'po-
`
`fJ
`
`i -
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2003, Page 4 of 7
`
`

`

`1572
`
`pharmacokinetics
`
`phase-contrast microscope
`
`which studies the biological and chemical components of medi(cid:173)
`cally useful substances that occur naturally (primarily those
`synthesized by plants). { ,flir•m;i'kag·n::i·se }
`pharmacoklnetlcs
`(PHARM] The study of the way that drugs
`move through the body after they are swallowed or injected.
`{ :flir·m::i·kO·ki'ned·iks J
`pharmacolite
`[MINERAL] CaH(As04)·2H20 A white to
`grayish monoclinic mineral composed of hydrous acid arsenate
`of calcium, occurring in fibrous form.
`{ far'mak·:1,ln }
`pharmacologlc pyrogen
`[PHARM] A naturally occurring
`pharmacologic agent, such as serotonin or a catecholamine,
`that controls body temperature; it can cause fever when injected
`under experimental conditions.
`( :rar·m::i•k;i'laj-ik
`'pI•r;i,
`j;in)
`pharmacology
`[CHEM] The science dealing with the nature
`and properties of drugs, particularly their actions. { ,far·
`m;i'kal•;i•je J
`pharmacophobla
`[PSYCH] Abnormal fear of medicine.
`( ,far·m:1·k:1'fo·be·:1 J
`pharmacopoeia
`[PHARM] A book containing a selected list
`of medicinal substances and their dosage forms, providing also
`a description and the standards for purity and strength for each.
`{ ,flir·m:1_-k;i'pe·:1 l
`pharmacoslderite
`[MINERAL]
`FeJ(As04)i(OH)J-5H20
`Green or yellowish-green mineral composed of a hydrous basic
`iron arsenate and commonly found in cubic crystals. Also
`known as cube ore. { :flir·m::i·ko'sid•;i,rit )
`pharmacotherapy
`[MED] The
`treatment of disease by
`( :fllr·m;i•ko'ther·:>·pe J
`means of drugs.
`[MED] 1. The art
`pharmacy Alsoknownaspharmaceutics.
`and science of the preparation and dispensation of drugs. 2.
`A place where drugs are dispensed.
`( 'flir•m;i•se ]
`pharyngeal aponeurosls
`[ANAT] The fibrous submucous
`( fa'rin·je•;il ,ap·o·nu'ro·s;is J
`layer of the pharynx.
`pharyngeal bursa
`[EMBRYO] A small pit caudal to the pha(cid:173)
`ryngeal tonsil, resulting from the ingrowth of epithelium along
`the course of the degenerating tip of the notochord of the
`( fa'rin·je•;il 'bar•s;i J
`vertebrate embryo.
`pharyngeal cleft
`[EMBRYO] ·; One of the paired open clefts
`oii the sides of the embryonic pharynx between successive
`visceral arches in vertebrates.
`( fa'rin·je•;il 'kleft )
`pharyngeal plexus
`[ANAT] A plexus of veins situated at the
`· side of the pharynx.
`[NEURoscr] A nerve plexus innervating
`.the pharynx. { fa'rin·j!!•;il 'plek·sas )
`pharyngeal pouch
`[EMBRYO] One of the five paired saccul(cid:173)
`ations in the lateral aspect of the pharynx in vertebrate embryos.
`Also known as visceral pouch. { fa'rin·je•;il 'pauch J
`pharyngeal tonsil See adenoid. { fa'rin·je•;il 'tiin•s;il }
`pharyngeal tooth
`[VERT zoo] A tooth developed on the
`pharyngeal bone in many fishes.
`{ fa'rin'·je•;il 'tiith }
`pharyngHis
`Inflammation of the pharynx. { ,far·
`[MED]
`;in'jid·::is )
`Pharyngobdellae
`[INV zoo] A family of leeches in the
`order Arbynchobdellae that is distinguished by the lack of jaws.
`{ fa,r4l,giib'del·a,de }
`pharyngology
`[MED] The science of the pharyngeal mecha(cid:173)
`nism, functions, and diseases .. { ,far·io'gal•;i•je ]
`pharyngoscope, [MBD] An instrument for examining the
`pharynx. { fa'ritJ·ga,skop J
`pharyngo-tonsillar dlphtherlll-
`[MED] A type of diphtheria
`that is characterized by a sore throat, difficulty in swallowing,
`and low-grade fever. { fa,rio·go ,tans·::il·;ir dif'thir·e·;i J
`pharynx
`[ANAT] A chamber at the oral end of the vertebrate
`alimentary canal, leading to the esophagus. { 'far·ioks )
`phase
`(ASTRON] One of the cyclically repeating appear(cid:173)
`ances of the moon or other orbiting body as seen from earth,
`[CHEM] Portion of a physical system (liquid, gas, solid) that
`is homogeneous throughout, has definable boundaries, and can
`be separated physically from other phases.
`(MAIB] An addi(cid:173)
`tive constant in the argument of a trigonometric function.
`[MET] A constituent of an alloy that is physically distinct and
`is homogeneous in chemical composition.
`[PHYS] 1. The
`fractional part of a period through which the time variable of
`a periodic quantity (alternating electric current, vibration) has
`moved, as measured at any point in time from an arbitrary time
`origin; usually expressed in terms of angular measure, with one
`period being equal to 360° or 21r radians. 2. For a sinusoidally
`varying quantity, the phase (first definition) with the time origin
`located at the last point at whlch the quantity passed through
`
`a zero position from a negative to a positive direction. 3. The
`argument of the trigonometric function describing the space
`and time variation of a sinusoidal disturbance, y = A
`cos [(2,r/l'l.)(x - vt)], where x and t are the space and time
`coordinates, v is the velocity of propagation, and l'I. is the
`wavelength.
`[TIIERMO] The type of state of a system, such
`as solid, liquid, or gas. { fliz )
`phase advancer
`[ELEc] Phase modifier which supplies
`leading reactive volt-amperes to the system to which it is con(cid:173)
`nected; may bt; either synchronous or asynchronous, { 'faz
`id, van·sar )
`. phase age See age of phase inequality.
`( 'faz ,aj }
`phase-alternation line system
`(COMMUN] A color televi(cid:173)
`sion system used in Europe, in which the phase of the color
`subcarrier is changed from scanning line to scanning line,
`requiring transmission of a line switching signal as well as a
`{ 'raz ,61·t::ir,na·sh:in
`color burst. Abbreviated PAL system.
`,lrn ,sis•t;im }
`phase angle
`[PHYS] The difference between the phase of a
`sinusoidally varying quantity and the phase of a second quantity
`which varies sinusoidally at the same frequency. Also known
`( 'fliz ,au·g::il }
`as phase difference.
`phase-angle meter See phase meter. { 'f'az :au·g;il ,med·:ir J
`phase-balance relay
`[ELEC] Relay which functions by rea(cid:173)
`son of a difference between two quantities associated with
`{ 'fiiz ibal ·;ins 're,la j
`different phases of a polyphase circuit.
`phase behavior
`[PETRO ENG] The equilibrium relationships
`between water, liquid hydrocarbons, and dissolved or free gas.
`either in reservoirs or as liquids and gases are separated above
`ground in gas-oil separator systems. { 'fllz bi,hiiv·y;ir }
`phase boundary
`[PHYS] The interface between two or more
`separate phases, such as liquid-gas, liquidssolid, gas-solid, or,
`for immiscible materials, liquid-liquid or solid-solid. { 'faz
`,baim·dre)
`phase change
`[PHYS] 1. The metamorphosis of a material
`or mixture from one phase to another, such as gas to liquid,
`( 'fllz ,chllnj J
`solid to gas. 2.'See phase shift.
`phase-change coefficient See phase constant. { :raz ,chanj
`,ko·i,fish ·;int )
`[ENG J A material which is used to
`phase-c~ange material
`store the latent heat absorbed in the material during a phase
`transition. { 'faz ,chlinj m::i,tir·e·::il)
`phase-change
`recording
`SCI] An
`optical
`[COMPUT
`recording technique that uses a laser to alter the crystalline
`structure of a metallic surface to create bits that reflect or
`abs~rb light when they are illuminated during the read opera(cid:173)
`tion: { :raz ,chanj ri 'kord ·io }
`[ PHYS J The existence of a statistical or
`pl:laile coherence
`time coherence between the phases of two or more waves.
`{ 'fiiz ko,hir·::ins 1
`phase comparator · [ coMPUT sci] A comparator thataccepts
`two radiO:frequency input signals of the same frequency and
`proyides two video outputs which are proportional, respectively,
`to the sine and cosine of the phase difference between the two
`inputs. { 'raz kam,par·oo·;ir }
`·
`phase-comparison relaying
`[ELEc] A method of detecting
`faults in an electric power system in which signals are transmit·
`ted. from' each of two terminals every half cycle so that a
`continuous signal is received at an intermediate point if there
`i~ ilo fault between the terminals, while a periodic signal is
`rFceived if there is a fault. { 'raz k;im,par•;i•s;in 're,lii•i!J }
`ph~se conductor
`In a polyphase circuit, any con(cid:173)
`[ELEC]
`( 'faz k:1n,d::ik·t:1r l
`ductor other than the neutral conductor.
`[OPTICS] ~ adaptive optics sys-
`phase.conjugate system
`tem in whlch the wavefront to be corrected is measured directly,
`using either a geometric or interferometric test , { 'filz :kl!n·
`j;i•g::it ,sis-t:im J
`.
`phase constant
`[ELECTROMAG] A rating for a line ~r
`medium through which a plane wave of a given frequency 15
`being transmitted; it is the imaginary pait of the propaganon
`constant, and is the space rate of decrease of phase of a fiel~
`
`component ( or of the voltage or current) in the direction °
`propagation, in radians per unit length. Also known as phase(cid:173)
`{ 'faz ,kan·stant l
`change coefficient; wavelength constant.
`phase-contrast microscope
`[OPTICS] A compound micro-
`scope that has an annular diaphragm in the front focal p1J1ne
`of the substage condenser and a phase plate at the rear focal
`plane of the object~ve, to make visible differences in phase or
`
`PHARVNGOBDELLAE
`
`Dorsal and ventral view of
`Erpobdella punctata, a jawless leech
`common in lakes and streams in the
`Northern Hemisphere.
`
`PHASE ANGLE
`
`time,t-+-
`An illustration of the meaning of
`phase for a sinusoidal wave, y(t).
`The difference in phase between
`waves 1 and 2 is q, and is called
`the phase angle. For each wave,
`A is the amplitude and T is the
`period.
`
`MZ Audio, Ex. 2003, Page 5 of 7
`
`

`

`1716
`
`quantal response
`
`quantum chromodynamics
`
`qua
`
`QUANTASOME
`
`Membranes ·containip.g chlorophyll
`taken from a spinach chloroplast.
`This chromium-shadowed
`preparation shows that the
`membrane is composed of a highly
`ordered array of units, or
`quantasomes. Scale· bar is 1000
`angstroms. (.After R. B. Park, courtesy
`of Science, _ 144 (3621), 1964)
`
`QUAIIITIZED ELECTRONIC
`STRUCTURE
`
`~ ~~tl&\ifP
`
`(c)
`
`la)
`lb)
`Geometric configurations of
`quantized electronic structures: (a)
`quantum well; (b) quantum wires; (c)
`quantum dots.
`
`quantal response
`[STAT] Response to treatnwnt which has
`only two outcomes, all or none. { 'kwlint·:il ri,spans )
`quantasome
`[CITOL] One of the highly ordered array of
`units that has a ''cobblestone" appearance in electron micro(cid:173)
`graphs of the lamella of chloroplasts, and thought to be the
`most probable site of the light reaction in photosynthesis.
`{ 'kwan·t:i,som )
`quantic
`[MATI-1) A homogeneous algebraic polynomial with
`more than one variable. { 'kwan ·tik )
`quantification
`[sci TECH] The act of quantifying, that is, of
`giving a numerical value to a measurement of something, as
`in computer applications, psychology, or market research.
`{ ,kwlin·t:i·fa'ka·shan )
`·
`quantifier
`[MATH) Eitherof the phrases "for all" and "there
`exists"; these ·are symbolized respectively by an inverted A
`and a backward E. { 'kwiin·t:i,ff·:ir}
`quantile
`[STAT) A value which divides a . set of data into
`equal proportions; examples are quartile and decile.
`( 'kwan,tll}
`quantitative analysis
`[ANALY CHEM] The analysis of a gas,
`liquid, or solid sample or mixture to determine the precise
`percentage composition of the sample in tenns of elements,
`radicals, or compounds. { 'kwan·a·tad·iv :i'nal·:i·sas )
`quantitative genetics
`[ GEN) The study of continuously var-
`ying traits, such as height or milk yield. { 'kwlio·:i·tl!d·iv
`j:i'ned ·iks )
`quantitative geomorphology
`[GEOL) The assignment of
`dimensions of mass, lengtll, and time to all descriptive parame(cid:173)
`ters of landfoim geometry and