7/19/22, 10:25 AM
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`HTML5
`
`HTML5
`A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML
`
`This is a work in progress!
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`at the editor's draft instead.
`
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
`
`https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110405/
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`HTML5
`
`W3C Working Draft 05 April 2011
`
`This Version:
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110405/
`Latest Published Version:
`http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
`Latest Editor's Draft:
`http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html
`Previous Versions:
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110113/
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20101019/
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20100624/
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20100304/
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090825/
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090423/
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090212/
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080610/
`http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080122/
`Editor:
`Ian Hickson, Google, Inc.
`
`This specification is available in the following formats: single page HTML, multipage
`HTML, web developer edition. This is revision 1.4802.
`Copyright © 2011 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply.
`The bulk of the text of this specification is also available in the WHATWG Web Applications 1.0 specification, under a license that permits reuse
`of the specification text.
`
`Abstract
`
`This specification defines the 5th major revision of the core language of the World Wide
`Web: the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In this version, new features are
`introduced to help Web application authors, new elements are introduced based on
`research into prevailing authoring practices, and special attention has been given to
`defining clear conformance criteria for user agents in an effort to improve interoperability.
`
`This is a work in progress!
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`at the editor's draft instead.
`
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
`
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`HTML5
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`Status of This document
`
`This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
`documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the most
`recently formally published revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C
`technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
`
`If you wish to make comments regarding this document in a manner that is tracked by the
`W3C, please submit them via using our public bug database. If you do not have an
`account then you can enter feedback using this form:
`
`Feedback Comments
`
`Please enter your feedback, carefully indicating the title of the section for which you
`are submitting feedback, quoting the text that's wrong today if appropriate. If you're
`suggesting a new feature, it's really important to say what the problem you're trying
`to solve is. That's more important than the solution, in fact.
`
`Note: Please don't use section numbers as these tend to change
`rapidly and make your feedback harder to understand.
`
`Submit feedback (Note: Your IP address and user agent will be publicly recorded for spam
`prevention purposes.)
`
`If you cannot do this then you can also e-mail feedback to public-html-comments@w3.org
`(subscribe, archives), and arrangements will be made to transpose the comments to our
`public bug database. Alternatively, you can e-mail feedback to whatwg@whatwg.org
`(subscribe, archives). The editor guarantees that all substantive feedback sent to this list
`will receive a reply. However, such feedback is not considered formal feedback for the
`W3C process. All feedback is welcome.
`
`The working groups maintains a list of all bug reports that the editor has not yet tried to
`address and a list of issues for which the chairs have not yet declared a decision. The
`editor also maintains a list of all e-mails that he has not yet tried to address. These bugs,
`issues, and e-mails apply to multiple HTML-related specifications, not just this one.
`Implementors should be aware that this specification is not stable. Implementors who
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
`are not taking part in the discussions are likely to find the specification changing
`This is a work in progress!
`out from under them in incompatible ways. Vendors interested in implementing this
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`specification before it eventually reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage should
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`join the aforementioned mailing lists and take part in the discussions.
`at the editor's draft instead.
`
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`HTML5
`
`The publication of this document by the W3C as a W3C Working Draft does not imply that
`all of the participants in the W3C HTML working group endorse the contents of the
`specification. Indeed, for any section of the specification, one can usually find many
`members of the working group or of the W3C as a whole who object strongly to the
`current text, the existence of the section at all, or the idea that the working group should
`even spend time discussing the concept of that section.
`
`The latest stable version of the editor's draft of this specification is always available on the
`W3C CVS server and in the WHATWG Subversion repository. The latest editor's working
`copy (which may contain unfinished text in the process of being prepared) contains the
`latest draft text of this specification (amongst others). For more details, please see the
`WHATWG FAQ.
`
`There are various ways to follow the change history for the HTML specifications:
`E-mail notifications of changes
`HTML-Diffs mailing list (diff-marked HTML versions for each change):
`http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html-diffs/latest
`Commit-Watchers mailing list (complete source diffs):
`http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org
`Browsable version-control record of all changes:
`CVSWeb interface with side-by-side diffs: http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/html5/
`Annotated summary with unified diffs: http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker
`Raw Subversion interface: svn checkout http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps/
`
`The W3C HTML Working Group is the W3C working group responsible for this
`specification's progress along the W3C Recommendation track. This specification is the
`05 April 2011 Working Draft.
`
`Work on this specification is also done at the WHATWG. The W3C HTML working group
`actively pursues convergence with the WHATWG, as required by the W3C HTML working
`group charter.
`
`This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C
`Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection
`with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a
`patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes
`contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of
`the W3C Patent Policy.
`
`This is a work in progress!
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`at the editor's draft instead.
`
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
`
`https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110405/
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`HTML5
`
`Table of Contents
`
`1 Introduction
`1.1 Background
`1.2 Audience
`1.3 Scope
`1.4 History
`1.5 Design notes
`1.5.1 Serializability of script execution
`1.5.2 Compliance with other specifications
`1.6 HTML vs XHTML
`1.7 Structure of this specification
`1.7.1 How to read this specification
`1.7.2 Typographic conventions
`1.8 A quick introduction to HTML
`1.9 Conformance requirements for authors
`1.9.1 Presentational markup
`1.9.2 Syntax errors
`1.9.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values
`1.10 Recommended reading
`
`2 Common infrastructure
`2.1 Terminology
`2.1.1 Resources
`2.1.2 XML
`2.1.3 DOM trees
`2.1.4 Scripting
`2.1.5 Plugins
`2.1.6 Character encodings
`2.2 Conformance requirements
`2.2.1 Conformance classes
`2.2.2 Dependencies
`2.2.3 Extensibility
`2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison
`2.4 UTF-8
`2.5 Common microsyntaxes
`2.5.1 Common parser idioms
`2.5.2 Boolean attributes
`2.5.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes
`2.5.4 Numbers
`2.5.4.1 Non-negative integers
`2.5.4.2 Signed integers
`2.5.4.3 Real numbers
`2.5.4.4 Percentages and lengths
`2.5.4.5 Lists of integers
`2.5.4.6 Lists of dimensions
`This is a work in progress!
`2.5.5 Dates and times
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`2.5.5.1 Months
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`2.5.5.2 Dates
`at the editor's draft instead.
`2.5.5.3 Times
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`2.5.5.4 Local dates and times
`2.5.5.5 Global dates and times
`2.5.5.6 Weeks
`2.5.5.7 Vaguer moments in time
`2.5.6 Colors
`2.5.7 Space-separated tokens
`2.5.8 Comma-separated tokens
`2.5.9 References
`2.5.10 Media queries
`2.6 URLs
`2.6.1 Terminology
`2.6.2 Dynamic changes to base URLs
`2.6.3 Interfaces for URL manipulation
`2.7 Fetching resources
`2.7.1 Protocol concepts
`2.7.2 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns
`2.7.3 Determining the type of a resource
`2.8 Common DOM interfaces
`2.8.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes
`2.8.2 Collections
`2.8.2.1 HTMLCollection
`2.8.2.2 HTMLAllCollection
`2.8.2.3 HTMLFormControlsCollection
`2.8.2.4 HTMLOptionsCollection
`2.8.3 DOMTokenList
`2.8.4 DOMSettableTokenList
`2.8.5 Safe passing of structured data
`2.8.6 DOMStringMap
`2.8.7 DOM feature strings
`2.8.8 Exceptions
`2.8.9 Garbage collection
`2.9 Namespaces
`
`3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents
`3.1 Documents
`3.1.1 Documents in the DOM
`3.1.2 Security
`3.1.3 Resource metadata management
`3.1.4 DOM tree accessors
`3.1.5 Creating documents
`3.1.6 Loading XML documents
`3.2 Elements
`3.2.1 Semantics
`3.2.2 Elements in the DOM
`3.2.3 Global attributes
`3.2.3.1 The id attribute
`3.2.3.2 The title attribute
`3.2.3.3 The lang and xml:lang attributes
`3.2.3.4 The xml:base attribute (XML only)
`3.2.3.5 The dir attribute
`3.2.3.6 The class attribute
`This is a work in progress!
`3.2.3.7 The style attribute
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`3.2.3.8 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-*
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`attributes
`at the editor's draft instead.
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`3.2.4 Element definitions
`3.2.4.1 Attributes
`3.2.5 Content models
`3.2.5.1 Kinds of content
`3.2.5.1.1 Metadata content
`3.2.5.1.2 Flow content
`3.2.5.1.3 Sectioning content
`3.2.5.1.4 Heading content
`3.2.5.1.5 Phrasing content
`3.2.5.1.6 Embedded content
`3.2.5.1.7 Interactive content
`3.2.5.2 Transparent content models
`3.2.5.3 Paragraphs
`3.2.6 Requirements relating to bidirectional-algorithm formatting
`characters
`3.2.7 Annotations for assistive technology products (ARIA)
`3.3 APIs in HTML documents
`3.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT
`3.5 Dynamic markup insertion
`3.5.1 Opening the input stream
`3.5.2 Closing the input stream
`3.5.3 document.write()
`3.5.4 document.writeln()
`3.5.5 innerHTML
`3.5.6 outerHTML
`3.5.7 insertAdjacentHTML()
`
`4 The elements of HTML
`4.1 The root element
`4.1.1 The html element
`4.2 Document metadata
`4.2.1 The head element
`4.2.2 The title element
`4.2.3 The base element
`4.2.4 The link element
`4.2.5 The meta element
`4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names
`4.2.5.2 Other metadata names
`4.2.5.3 Pragma directives
`4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives
`4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding
`4.2.6 The style element
`4.2.7 Styling
`4.3 Scripting
`4.3.1 The script element
`4.3.1.1 Scripting languages
`4.3.1.2 Restrictions for contents of script elements
`4.3.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts
`4.3.2 The noscript element
`4.4 Sections
`4.4.1 The body element
`This is a work in progress!
`4.4.2 The section element
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`4.4.3 The nav element
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`4.4.4 The article element
`at the editor's draft instead.
`
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`4.4.5 The aside element
`4.4.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements
`4.4.7 The hgroup element
`4.4.8 The header element
`4.4.9 The footer element
`4.4.10 The address element
`4.4.11 Headings and sections
`4.4.11.1 Creating an outline
`4.5 Grouping content
`4.5.1 The p element
`4.5.2 The hr element
`4.5.3 The pre element
`4.5.4 The blockquote element
`4.5.5 The ol element
`4.5.6 The ul element
`4.5.7 The li element
`4.5.8 The dl element
`4.5.9 The dt element
`4.5.10 The dd element
`4.5.11 The figure element
`4.5.12 The figcaption element
`4.5.13 The div element
`4.6 Text-level semantics
`4.6.1 The a element
`4.6.2 The em element
`4.6.3 The strong element
`4.6.4 The small element
`4.6.5 The s element
`4.6.6 The cite element
`4.6.7 The q element
`4.6.8 The dfn element
`4.6.9 The abbr element
`4.6.10 The time element
`4.6.11 The code element
`4.6.12 The var element
`4.6.13 The samp element
`4.6.14 The kbd element
`4.6.15 The sub and sup elements
`4.6.16 The i element
`4.6.17 The b element
`4.6.18 The mark element
`4.6.19 The ruby element
`4.6.20 The rt element
`4.6.21 The rp element
`4.6.22 The bdi element
`4.6.23 The bdo element
`4.6.24 The span element
`4.6.25 The br element
`4.6.26 The wbr element
`4.6.27 Usage summary
`4.7 Edits
`This is a work in progress!
`4.7.1 The ins element
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`4.7.2 The del element
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`4.7.3 Attributes common to ins and del elements
`at the editor's draft instead.
`4.7.4 Edits and paragraphs
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`4.7.5 Edits and lists
`4.8 Embedded content
`4.8.1 The img element
`4.8.1.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for
`images
`4.8.1.1.1 General guidelines
`4.8.1.1.2 A link or button containing nothing but the image
`4.8.1.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical
`representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations
`4.8.1.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical
`representation: icons, logos
`4.8.1.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for
`typographical effect
`4.8.1.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the
`surrounding text
`4.8.1.1.7 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any
`information
`4.8.1.1.8 A group of images that form a single larger picture
`with no links
`4.8.1.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture
`with links
`4.8.1.1.10 A key part of the content
`4.8.1.1.11 An image not intended for the user
`4.8.1.1.12 An image in an e-mail or private document
`intended for a specific person who is known to be able to
`view images
`4.8.1.1.13 Guidance for markup generators
`4.8.1.1.14 Guidance for conformance checkers
`4.8.2 The iframe element
`4.8.3 The embed element
`4.8.4 The object element
`4.8.5 The param element
`4.8.6 The video element
`4.8.7 The audio element
`4.8.8 The source element
`4.8.9 The track element
`4.8.10 Media elements
`4.8.10.1 Error codes
`4.8.10.2 Location of the media resource
`4.8.10.3 MIME types
`4.8.10.4 Network states
`4.8.10.5 Loading the media resource
`4.8.10.6 Offsets into the media resource
`4.8.10.7 The ready states
`4.8.10.8 Playing the media resource
`4.8.10.9 Seeking
`4.8.10.10 Timed text tracks
`4.8.10.10.1 Text track model
`4.8.10.10.2 Sourcing in-band text tracks
`4.8.10.10.3 Sourcing out-of-band text tracks
`4.8.10.10.4 Text track API
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
`This is a work in progress!
`4.8.10.10.5 Event definitions
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`4.8.10.11 User interface
`4.8.10.12 Time ranges
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`at the editor's draft instead.
`4.8.10.13 Event summary
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`4.8.10.14 Security and privacy considerations
`4.8.10.15 Best practices for authors using media elements
`4.8.10.16 Best practices for implementors of media elements
`4.8.11 The canvas element
`4.8.11.1 Color spaces and color correction
`4.8.11.2 Security with canvas elements
`4.8.12 The map element
`4.8.13 The area element
`4.8.14 Image maps
`4.8.14.1 Authoring
`4.8.14.2 Processing model
`4.8.15 MathML
`4.8.16 SVG
`4.8.17 Dimension attributes
`4.9 Tabular data
`4.9.1 The table element
`4.9.2 The caption element
`4.9.3 The colgroup element
`4.9.4 The col element
`4.9.5 The tbody element
`4.9.6 The thead element
`4.9.7 The tfoot element
`4.9.8 The tr element
`4.9.9 The td element
`4.9.10 The th element
`4.9.11 Attributes common to td and th elements
`4.9.12 Processing model
`4.9.12.1 Forming a table
`4.9.12.2 Forming relationships between data cells and header cells
`4.9.13 Examples
`4.10 Forms
`4.10.1 Introduction
`4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface
`4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form
`4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server
`4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation
`4.10.2 Categories
`4.10.3 The form element
`4.10.4 The fieldset element
`4.10.5 The legend element
`4.10.6 The label element
`4.10.7 The input element
`4.10.7.1 States of the type attribute
`4.10.7.1.1 Hidden state
`4.10.7.1.2 Text state and Search state
`4.10.7.1.3 Telephone state
`4.10.7.1.4 URL state
`4.10.7.1.5 E-mail state
`4.10.7.1.6 Password state
`4.10.7.1.7 Date and Time state
`4.10.7.1.8 Date state
`This is a work in progress!
`4.10.7.1.9 Month state
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`4.10.7.1.10 Week state
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`4.10.7.1.11 Time state
`at the editor's draft instead.
`4.10.7.1.12 Local Date and Time state
`
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`4.10.7.1.13 Number state
`4.10.7.1.14 Range state
`4.10.7.1.15 Color state
`4.10.7.1.16 Checkbox state
`4.10.7.1.17 Radio Button state
`4.10.7.1.18 File Upload state
`4.10.7.1.19 Submit Button state
`4.10.7.1.20 Image Button state
`4.10.7.1.21 Reset Button state
`4.10.7.1.22 Button state
`4.10.7.2 Common input element attributes
`4.10.7.2.1 The autocomplete attribute
`4.10.7.2.2 The dirname attribute
`4.10.7.2.3 The list attribute
`4.10.7.2.4 The readonly attribute
`4.10.7.2.5 The size attribute
`4.10.7.2.6 The required attribute
`4.10.7.2.7 The multiple attribute
`4.10.7.2.8 The maxlength attribute
`4.10.7.2.9 The pattern attribute
`4.10.7.2.10 The min and max attributes
`4.10.7.2.11 The step attribute
`4.10.7.2.12 The placeholder attribute
`4.10.7.3 Common input element APIs
`4.10.7.4 Common event behaviors
`4.10.8 The button element
`4.10.9 The select element
`4.10.10 The datalist element
`4.10.11 The optgroup element
`4.10.12 The option element
`4.10.13 The textarea element
`4.10.14 The keygen element
`4.10.15 The output element
`4.10.16 The progress element
`4.10.17 The meter element
`4.10.18 Association of controls and forms
`4.10.19 Attributes common to form controls
`4.10.19.1 Naming form controls
`4.10.19.2 Enabling and disabling form controls
`4.10.19.3 A form control's value
`4.10.19.4 Autofocusing a form control
`4.10.19.5 Limiting user input length
`4.10.19.6 Form submission
`4.10.19.7 Submitting element directionality
`4.10.20 APIs for the text field selections
`4.10.21 Constraints
`4.10.21.1 Definitions
`4.10.21.2 Constraint validation
`4.10.21.3 The constraint validation API
`4.10.21.4 Security
`4.10.22 Form submission
`4.10.22.1 Introduction
`This is a work in progress!
`4.10.22.2 Implicit submission
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`4.10.22.3 Form submission algorithm
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`4.10.22.4 Constructing the form data set
`at the editor's draft instead.
`
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`HTML5
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`4.10.22.5 URL-encoded form data
`4.10.22.6 Multipart form data
`4.10.22.7 Plain text form data
`4.10.23 Resetting a form
`4.11 Interactive elements
`4.11.1 The details element
`4.11.2 The summary element
`4.11.3 The command element
`4.11.4 The menu element
`4.11.4.1 Introduction
`4.11.4.2 Building menus and toolbars
`4.11.4.3 Context menus
`4.11.4.4 Toolbars
`4.11.5 Commands
`4.11.5.1 Using the a element to define a command
`4.11.5.2 Using the button element to define a command
`4.11.5.3 Using the input element to define a command
`4.11.5.4 Using the option element to define a command
`4.11.5.5 Using the command element to define a command
`4.11.5.6 Using the accesskey attribute on a label element to define a
`command
`4.11.5.7 Using the accesskey attribute on a legend element to define
`a command
`4.11.5.8 Using the accesskey attribute to define a command on other
`elements
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`4.12 Links
`4.12.1 Introduction
`4.12.2 Links created by a and area elements
`4.12.3 Following hyperlinks
`4.12.4 Link types
`4.12.4.1 Link type "alternate"
`4.12.4.2 Link type "author"
`4.12.4.3 Link type "bookmark"
`4.12.4.4 Link type "external"
`4.12.4.5 Link type "help"
`4.12.4.6 Link type "icon"
`4.12.4.7 Link type "license"
`4.12.4.8 Link type "nofollow"
`4.12.4.9 Link type "noreferrer"
`4.12.4.10 Link type "pingback"
`4.12.4.11 Link type "prefetch"
`4.12.4.12 Link type "search"
`4.12.4.13 Link type "sidebar"
`4.12.4.14 Link type "stylesheet"
`4.12.4.15 Link type "tag"
`4.12.4.16 Sequential link types
`4.12.4.16.1 Link type "next"
`4.12.4.16.2 Link type "prev"
`4.12.4.17 Other link types
`4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements
`4.13.1 The main part of the content
`This is a work in progress!
`4.13.2 Bread crumb navigation
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`4.13.3 Tag clouds
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`4.13.4 Conversations
`at the editor's draft instead.
`4.13.5 Footnotes
`
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`4.14 Matching HTML elements using selectors
`4.14.1 Case-sensitivity
`4.14.2 Pseudo-classes
`
`5 Loading Web pages
`5.1 Browsing contexts
`5.1.1 Nested browsing contexts
`5.1.1.1 Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM
`5.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts
`5.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM
`5.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts
`5.1.4 Security
`5.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts
`5.1.6 Browsing context names
`5.2 The Window object
`5.2.1 Security
`5.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name
`5.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts
`5.2.4 Named access on the Window object
`5.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts
`5.2.6 Browser interface elements
`5.2.7 The WindowProxy object
`5.3 Origin
`5.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction
`5.4 Session history and navigation
`5.4.1 The session history of browsing contexts
`5.4.2 The History interface
`5.4.3 The Location interface
`5.4.3.1 Security
`5.4.4 Implementation notes for session history
`5.5 Browsing the Web
`5.5.1 Navigating across documents
`5.5.2 Page load processing model for HTML files
`5.5.3 Page load processing model for XML files
`5.5.4 Page load processing model for text files
`5.5.5 Page load processing model for images
`5.5.6 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins
`5.5.7 Page load processing model for inline content that doesn't have a
`DOM
`5.5.8 Navigating to a fragment identifier
`5.5.9 History traversal
`5.5.9.1 Event definitions
`5.5.10 Unloading documents
`5.5.10.1 Event definition
`5.5.11 Aborting a document load
`5.6 Offline Web applications
`5.6.1 Introduction
`5.6.1.1 Event summary
`5.6.2 Application caches
`5.6.3 The cache manifest syntax
`5.6.3.1 Some sample manifests
`This is a work in progress!
`5.6.3.2 Writing cache manifests
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`5.6.3.3 Parsing cache manifests
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`5.6.4 Downloading or updating an application cache
`at the editor's draft instead.
`
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
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`5.6.5 The application cache selection algorithm
`5.6.6 Changes to the networking model
`5.6.7 Expiring application caches
`5.6.8 Disk space
`5.6.9 Application cache API
`5.6.10 Browser state
`
`6 Web application APIs
`6.1 Scripting
`6.1.1 Introduction
`6.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting
`6.1.3 Processing model
`6.1.3.1 Definitions
`6.1.3.2 Calling scripts
`6.1.3.3 Creating scripts
`6.1.3.4 Killing scripts
`6.1.3.5 Runtime script errors
`6.1.4 Event loops
`6.1.4.1 Definitions
`6.1.4.2 Processing model
`6.1.4.3 Generic task sources
`6.1.5 The javascript: URL scheme
`6.1.6 Events
`6.1.6.1 Event handlers
`6.1.6.2 Event handlers on elements, Document objects, and Window
`objects
`6.1.6.3 Event firing
`6.1.6.4 Events and the Window object
`6.2 Base64 utility methods
`6.3 Timers
`6.4 User prompts
`6.4.1 Simple dialogs
`6.4.2 Printing
`6.4.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents
`6.5 System state and capabilities: the Navigator object
`6.5.1 Client identification
`6.5.2 Custom scheme and content handlers
`6.5.2.1 Security and privacy
`6.5.2.2 Sample user interface
`6.5.3 Manually releasing the storage mutex
`
`7 User interaction
`7.1 The hidden attribute
`7.2 Activation
`7.3 Focus
`7.3.1 Sequential focus navigation and the tabindex attribute
`7.3.2 Focus management
`7.3.3 Document-level focus APIs
`7.3.4 Element-level focus APIs
`7.4 Assigning keyboard shortcuts
`7.4.1 Introduction
`This is a work in progress!
`7.4.2 The accesskey attribute
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`7.4.3 Processing model
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`7.5 The contenteditable attribute
`at the editor's draft instead.
`7.5.1 User editing actions
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`7.5.2 Making entire documents editable
`7.6 Spelling and grammar checking
`7.7 Drag and drop
`7.7.1 Introduction
`7.7.2 The drag data store
`7.7.3 The DataTransfer interface
`7.7.3.1 The DataTransferItems interface
`7.7.3.2 The DataTransferItem interface
`7.7.4 The DragEvent interface
`7.7.5 Drag-and-drop processing model
`7.7.6 Events summary
`7.7.7 The draggable attribute
`7.7.8 The dropzone attribute
`7.7.9 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model
`7.8 Editing APIs
`
`8 The HTML syntax
`8.1 Writing HTML documents
`8.1.1 The DOCTYPE
`8.1.2 Elements
`8.1.2.1 Start tags
`8.1.2.2 End tags
`8.1.2.3 Attributes
`8.1.2.4 Optional tags
`8.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models
`8.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and RCDATA
`elements
`8.1.3 Text
`8.1.3.1 Newlines
`8.1.4 Character references
`8.1.5 CDATA sections
`8.1.6 Comments
`8.2 Parsing HTML documents
`8.2.1 Overview of the parsing model
`8.2.2 The input stream
`8.2.2.1 Determining the character encoding
`8.2.2.2 Character encodings
`8.2.2.3 Preprocessing the input stream
`8.2.2.4 Changing the encoding while parsing
`8.2.3 Parse state
`8.2.3.1 The insertion mode
`8.2.3.2 The stack of open elements
`8.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements
`8.2.3.4 The element pointers
`8.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags
`8.2.4 Tokenization
`8.2.4.1 Data state
`8.2.4.2 Character reference in data state
`8.2.4.3 RCDATA state
`8.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
`8.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state
`This is a work in progress!
`8.2.4.6 Script data state
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`8.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`8.2.4.8 Tag open state
`at the editor's draft instead.
`8.2.4.9 End tag open state
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`8.2.4.10 Tag name state
`8.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state
`8.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state
`8.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state
`8.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state
`8.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state
`8.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state
`8.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state
`8.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state
`8.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state
`8.2.4.20 Script data escape start state
`8.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state
`8.2.4.22 Script data escaped state
`8.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state
`8.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state
`8.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state
`8.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state
`8.2.4.27 Script data escaped end tag name state
`8.2.4.28 Script data double escape start state
`8.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state
`8.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state
`8.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state
`8.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state
`8.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state
`8.2.4.34 Before attribute name state
`8.2.4.35 Attribute name state
`8.2.4.36 After attribute name state
`8.2.4.37 Before attribute value state
`8.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state
`8.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state
`8.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state
`8.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state
`8.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state
`8.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state
`8.2.4.44 Bogus comment state
`8.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state
`8.2.4.46 Comment start state
`8.2.4.47 Comment start dash state
`8.2.4.48 Comment state
`8.2.4.49 Comment end dash state
`8.2.4.50 Comment end state
`8.2.4.51 Comment end bang state
`8.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state
`8.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state
`8.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state
`8.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state
`8.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state
`8.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state
`8.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state
`8.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state
`8.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
`8.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state
`This is a work in progress!
`8.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`8.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`8.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state
`at the editor's draft instead.
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`HTML5
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`8.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state
`8.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state
`8.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state
`8.2.4.68 CDATA section state
`8.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references
`8.2.5 Tree construction
`8.2.5.1 Creating and inserting elements
`8.2.5.2 Closing elements that have implied end tags
`8.2.5.3 Foster parenting
`8.2.5.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content
`8.2.5.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.8 The "text" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.9 The "in table" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.18 The "after body" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.19 The "in frameset" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.20 The "after frameset" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.21 The "after after body" insertion mode
`8.2.5.4.22 The "after after frameset" insertion mode
`8.2.5.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content
`8.2.6 The end
`8.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset
`8.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser
`8.2.8.1 Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i>
`8.2.8.2 Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p>
`8.2.8.3 Unexpected markup in tables
`8.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed
`8.2.8.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple
`documents
`8.2.8.6 Unclosed formatting elements
`8.3 Serializing HTML fragments
`8.4 Parsing HTML fragments
`8.5 Named character references
`
`9 The XHTML syntax
`9.1 Writing XHTML documents
`9.2 Parsing XHTML documents
`9.3 Serializing XHTML fragments
`9.4 Parsing XHTML fragments
`This is a work in progress!
`For the latest updates from the HTML WG,
`10 Rendering
`possibly including important bug fixes, please look
`10.1 Introduction
`at the editor's draft instead.
`
`(cid:0)(cid:0)
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`10.2 The CSS user agent style sheet an