(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0148568A1
`Springer
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Jul. 29, 2004
`
`US 20040148568A1
`
`(54) CHECKER AND FIXER ALGORITHMS FOR
`ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS
`(76) Inventor: Timothy Stephen Springer, San
`Francisco, CA (US)
`Correspondence Address:
`FISH & RICHARDSON PC
`225 FRANKLIN ST
`BOSTON, MA 02110 (US)
`(21) Appl. No.:
`10/013,886
`(22) Filed:
`Oct. 19, 2001
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/297,994, filed on Jun.
`13, 2001.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl." ..................................................... G06F 17/00
`(52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 71.5/513
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A method, apparatus and computer program product resid
`ing on a computer readable medium are described. The
`method, apparatus and computer program may use checkers
`to check a data model of a web page for accessibility, for
`example compliance with web accessibility requirements
`codified in 36 CFR S 1194.22. The method, apparatus and
`computer program may also implement fixers to modify
`HTML code to ensure compliance with 36 CFR S 1194.22.
`The method, apparatus and computer program may imple
`ment tolerances to allow personalization of checkers.
`
`
`
`to H3O t-d
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`foreground and background must being
`to be flagged is ayilation. See
`colorContrastFixir
`-- m.w.
`
`3
`
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jul. 29, 2004 Sheet 1 of 2
`
`US 2004/0148568A1
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`Patent Application Publication Jul. 29, 2004 Sheet 2 of 2
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`US 2004/0148568A1
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`US 2004/0148568 A1
`
`Jul. 29, 2004
`
`CHECKER AND FIXER ALGORTHMS FOR
`ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS
`
`CLAIM OF PRIORITY
`0001) This application claims priority under 35 USC S
`119(e) to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/297,994, filed
`on Jun. 13, 2001, the entire contents of which are hereby
`incorporated by reference.
`
`COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX
`0002 This application includes a computer program list
`ing appendix in accordance with 37 CFRS 1.96(c), the entire
`contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. One
`compact disk is Submitted, with files: configuration.xml, 11
`KB, Oct. 19, 2001; FormLabel Fixerjava, 22KB, Oct. 19,
`2001; LinkSkipCheckerjava, 14KB, Oct. 19, 2001; Link
`SkipFixerjava, 14KB, Oct. 19, 2001; and NonVisualText
`Filterjava, 2kb, Oct. 19, 2001.
`
`BACKGROUND
`0003. This invention relates to verifying compliance with
`Section 508 accessibility standards and automatically retro
`fitting the HTML of web pages to ensure compliance.
`0004. The Architectural and Transportation Barriers
`Compliance Board (Access Board) has issued accessibility
`Standards for electronic and information technology covered
`by Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as
`amended by the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. The
`Standards Set forth a definition of electronic and information
`technology and the technical and functional performance
`criteria necessary for technology to comply with Section
`508. As explained at http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/
`508.standards.htm, “Section 508 requires that when Federal
`agencies develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and
`information technology, they shall ensure that the electronic
`and information technology allowS Federal employees with
`disabilities to have access to and use of information and data
`that is comparable to the access to and use of information
`and data by Federal employees who are not individuals with
`disabilities, unless an undue burden would be imposed on
`the agency. Section 508 also requires that individuals with
`disabilities, who are members of the public Seeking infor
`mation or Services from a Federal agency, have access to and
`use of information and data that is comparable to that
`provided to the public who are not individuals with disabili
`ties, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the
`agency.
`0005 The Section 508 standards cover various products
`including “web-based intranet and internet information and
`applications.” 36 CFR S 1194.22. Section 1194.22 sets
`Standards for web accessibility, including web accessibility
`for assistive technologies. (With regard to web accessibility,
`assistive technology generally refers to Software that enables
`an individual with a certain disability to interact with a
`computer. For example a sight-impaired individual may be
`unable to see the Screen of a computer and may need the
`assistance of a Screen reader to interact with a computer. A
`Screen reader is assistive technology that reads the contents
`of a computer Screen to the user.) These standards are based
`in part on the World Wide Web Consortiums (W3C) Web
`Accessibility Initiative's (WAI) Web Content Accessibility
`Guidelines 1.0 (WCAG 1.0), as well as other agency docu
`
`ments on web accessibility and additional recommendations
`of the Electronic and Information Technology Access Advi
`sory Committee (EITAAC).
`0006 Because the award of government contracts is
`based in part on compliance with the Section 508 standards,
`it is prudent for web service providers to find a cost-efficient
`and effective means for implementing those Standards.
`
`SUMMARY
`0007. In one aspect, the invention provides a method and
`computer program product for checking an HTML docu
`ment of a web page for compliance with Section 508 of the
`Rehabilitation Act of 1973. In another aspect, the invention
`provides a method for fixing and/or checking an HTML
`document for accessibility. The method may include, and the
`computer program product may implement, the Steps of
`running a checker against an HTML document, flagging a
`violation of a requirement of Section 508; and fixing a
`Section of the HTML document containing the flagged
`violation by modifying HTML code. In one aspect, the
`method may include, and the computer program product
`may implement, the Steps of providing a user interface
`operable to display information about the flagged violation
`and query a user for input relating to the flagged violation;
`receiving the user input; and, using the user input, fixing the
`section of the HTML document. In another aspect, the
`method may include, and the computer program product
`may implement, the step of offering a recommended Solution
`to the user and/or the Step of using previously-Saved user
`input Saved at the user's request to fix the Section of the
`HTML document. In one aspect, fixing the section of the
`HTML document containing the flagged violation is accom
`plished without input from a user.
`0008. In another aspect of the invention, the method may
`include, and the computer program product may implement,
`the Step of providing a user interface operable to display
`information about the flagged violation and provide details
`as to how the violation may be manually cured and/or the
`Step of displaying the flagged violation on a user interface.
`In another aspect, the method may include, and the computer
`program product may implement, the Steps of providing a
`user interface operable to accept user input; and, using the
`user input, modifying tolerances of one or more checkers. In
`another aspect, the method may include, and the computer
`program product may implement, the Steps of locating
`logical groups of links in the document; and determining
`whether there is a facility for Skipping past a located, logical
`group of links. In one aspect, locating logical groups of links
`in the document may include producing a pSuedo-model of
`a document that represents the document as a Series of text
`and links, dividing the pseudo-model into groups of links
`that are separated by a predetermined length of text, and
`dividing each group based on ancestral differences between
`adjacent linkS. In one aspect, determining whether there is a
`facility for skipping past a located, logical group of links
`may include checking for inner-document links within each
`logical group of links that allow a user to Skip past the
`logical group of linkS.
`0009. In another aspect of the invention, the method may
`include, and the computer program product may implement,
`the Step of inserting an inner-document link permitting a
`user to Skip past a group of linkS. In another aspect, the
`
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`US 2004/0148568 A1
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`
`method may include, and the computer program product
`may implement, the Steps of identifying a located, logical
`group of links for which there is no facility for skipping past;
`Searching elements near the front of the identified link group
`for a Surrogate anchor element; and inserting an inner
`document link at the beginning of the link group, where the
`inner-document link inserted at the beginning of the link
`group replaces the Surrogate anchor element. In another
`aspect, the method may include, and the computer program
`product may implement, the Steps of identifying, for a form
`field not associated with a label, a piece of text that is a
`candidate for the label; and associating the piece of text with
`the label. In another aspect, the method may include, and the
`computer program product may implement, the Steps of
`identifying, for a form field not associated with a label, a
`piece of text that is a candidate for the label; prompting a
`user to Select the candidate label or insert a label; and, based
`on the user's Selection, associating the piece of text with the
`candidate label or the inserted label. In one aspect, identi
`fying a piece of text that is a candidate for the label may
`include identifying a piece of text that is not a child of any
`of “a”, “applet”, “script”, “noscript”, “select”, “object',
`“head”, or “label; and has a predetermined text length.
`0.010 Aspects of the invention can include one or more of
`the following advantages. A compliance retrofitter in accor
`dance with the invention can be used to scan the HyperText
`Mark-up Language (HTML) code that powers the web,
`identify violations with Section 508 Standards (checkers),
`and correct those violations by inserting the necessary
`corrections into the code in real time (fixers). Incorporation
`into the system of “tolerances” allows the checkers to be
`customized to individual clients and greatly enhances the
`value of Such tools when distributed on an organization
`wide level.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
`FIG. 1 is an exemplary screen shot used to imple
`0.011
`ment the compliance retrofitter.
`0012 FIG. 2 is an exemplary screen shot used to imple
`ment tolerances in the compliance retrofitter.
`0013 Like reference symbols in the various drawings
`indicate like elements.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`A. Compliance Checking and Retrofitting
`Algorithms-Checkers and Fixers
`0.014) Referring to FIG. 1, a compliance retrofitter
`employing an algorithm designed to check for and/or fix
`violations of 36 CFR S 1194.22 may produce a graphical
`user interface GUI, for example a GUI displaying Screen
`shot 100. A user may check compliance of a document, i.e.,
`a particular web page or file, by entering a URL into the
`navigation bar 10 or by clicking on the file icon 15 and
`selecting a URL or entire file. The compliance retrofitter will
`operate on the HTML of the document and will check
`compliance with one or more paragraphs of S 1194.22, listed
`below in Table I(a), by implementing one or more “check
`ers' and, depending on the paragraph of S 1194.22, by
`requiring Some form of directed manual review. The check
`erS implemented by the compliance retrofitter are Sets of
`tests that are run against documents, for example files or web
`
`pages, to analyze compliance with a Standard, e.g., Section
`508. A list of exemplary checkers and their functionalities is
`provided in Table I(b).
`0015. One of the checkers ran in the creation of screen
`shot 100 was the ImageMapChecker, which checked com
`pliance of the web page www.yahoo.com with paragraphs
`(a) and (f) of S 1194.22. As noted in the sixth row of Table
`I(b), ImageMapChecker, in part, checked the HTML code of
`www.yahoo.com to determine if all of the AREAS had valid
`“alt attributes, i.e., to determine if each AREA had asso
`ciated with it an alternative textual description. (An AREA
`element defines a part of an image that functions as a link.
`Since Some users do not use browsers that display images,
`having valid alt attributes for AREAS allows these users to
`navigate through the page.) Referring back to FIG. 1, the
`results created by running the checkers are presented in tree
`format in the history window 20. As seen in this example,
`under the folder “Diagnosed Pages'22, the first analyzed
`page is displayed -www.yahoo.com 24. Under the page
`www.yahoo.com 24 are the violations 26, 36, 46, 56, and 66
`that were found, for example (3) AREA missing alt attribute
`26, as well as instances Line 1: area(s) 28-33 (where
`instances are violations within violations). The instances
`Line 1: area(s) 28-33 indicate that the compliance checker
`algorithm found six HTML elements that were missing alt
`attribute.
`0016. An HTML window 40 provides the HTML code
`for the currently selected document (www.yahoo.com 24),
`and highlights the currently Selected instance, in this case
`Line 1: area 28. Below HTML window 40 is fixer window
`50 that displays information related to fixers, or algorithms
`that make changes to HTML documents or other documents
`to bring the documents into compliance with the Standard,
`e.g., S 1194.22. A list of S 1194.22 fixers are listed in Table
`II(a) along with the relevant Standard and manual fixes (if
`any). The functionality of each fixer is explained in Table
`II(b). As can be seen, the ImageMapFixer adds alt attributes
`to AREA elements that currently do not have valid alt
`attributes.
`0017 Referring again to FIG. 1, fixer window 50 has
`three selectable pages-fix violation 51, fix information 52,
`and violation information 53. Fix violation page 51 is the
`graphical display for a fixer, showing the fiX for the currently
`selected instance Line 1: area 28. The fix violation page 51
`displays a description of the violation as well as instructions
`as to the change that needs to be implemented to cure the
`Violation. The instructions may explain a fully automatic
`change that will be implemented or may explain a change
`that will require user input (interactive change). The fix
`information page 52 provides information about how the
`fixer will make a change to the HTML and what that change
`will look like. The violation information page 53 provides a
`description of the violation. A user can implement a fix by
`clicking on the fix button 63.
`0018. Also provided is the option: “Add this information
`to my Autofix data'54. If the user checks the box corre
`sponding to this option, an insertion is made into an Autofix
`library for later reference by the compliance retrofitter.
`Selecting the Autofix Violation button 61 will apply the
`corrections contained in the AutofiX library to the current
`Violation. A user can fix multiple pages by Selecting the
`“Autofix' icon 62 next to the Menu Bar. Certain violations,
`
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`US 2004/0148568 A1
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`Jul. 29, 2004
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`when fixed using the standard fix button 63, will add fix
`information to the Autofix library if the “Add this informa
`tion to my Autofix data'54 is checked. This allows a user to
`build up a Store of fixes to be applied to other documents.
`0019. Located beneath the fixer window 50 is description
`window 60. The description window 60 is used to Solicit
`user input, in this case a description of the non-textual
`element.
`0020. Once a violation has been fixed, the instance 28-33
`or violation 26, 36, 46,56, or 66 is marked with a checkmark
`as seen in the history window 20. Violations that have not
`yet been fixed are marked with an “X” mark.
`
`0021. The fix violation page 51 is displayed only when
`the compliance retrofitter is designed to run in an interactive
`fiX mode-the page displayS information about fixes for the
`current instance and Solicits user input for the interactive fiX.
`Alternatively, the compliance retrofitter may operate in an
`autofiX mode in which there is no Screen display and only
`automatic fixes-those not requiring user input-are imple
`mented. And, in Some cases, the compliance retrofitter may
`not be designed to fix every violation. In Such a case, the
`screen shot 100 will not display fixer information in fixer
`window 50, but instead may provide details as to how the
`Violation can be manually cured.
`
`TABLE I(a)
`36 CFR S 1194.22 Checkers
`
`36 CFRS
`1194.22
`Paragraph Description
`
`Checker
`
`ImageChecker
`Paragraph (a) requires that a
`ObjectTextChecker
`text equivalent for every non-
`text element shall be provided. ImageMapChecker
`The provision is necessary
`AsciiArtChecker
`because assistive technology
`AppletChecker
`cannot describe pictures, but
`can convey the text
`information to the user.
`Paragraph (b) provides that
`equivalent alternatives for any
`multimedia presentation shall
`be synchronized with the
`presentation.
`Paragraph (c) prohibits the use
`of color as the single method
`for indicating important
`information on a web page.
`Paragraph (d) provides that
`documents must be organized
`so they are readable without
`requiring browser support for
`style sheets.
`
`StyleChecker
`
`ColorContrastChecker
`ColorOffChecker
`
`A.
`
`B
`
`C
`
`D
`
`E
`
`F
`
`G & H
`
`I
`
`J
`
`K
`
`Manual Review
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`Synchronized MediaChecker Review
`candidate
`violations for
`synchronized
`equivalent.
`Review page to
`determine
`accessibility
`without color.
`Review
`candidate
`violations to
`determine
`accessibility with
`stylesheets
`removed.
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`ImageMapChecker
`SSIMAPChecker
`
`Paragraph (e) requires web
`page designers to include
`redundant text links for each
`active region of a server-side
`image map on their web pages.
`Paragraph (f) provides that
`client-side image maps shall be
`provided instead of server-side
`image maps except where the
`regions cannot be defined with
`an available geometric shape.
`Paragraphs (g) and (h) permit
`the use of tables, but require
`that the tables be coded
`according to the rules for
`developing tables of the
`markup language used.
`Paragraph (i) addresses the use FrameChecker
`of frames and requires that
`FrameTextChecker
`they be titled with text to
`identify the frame and assist in
`navigating the frames.
`Paragraph () sets limits on the
`blink or flicker rate of screen
`elements.
`Paragraph (k) requires that a
`text-only web page shall only
`be provided as a last resort
`method for bringing a web site
`
`ImageMapChecker
`
`TableChecker
`
`BlinkChecker
`CSSChecker
`
`None
`
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`US 2004/0148568 A1
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`Jul. 29, 2004
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`TABLE I(a)-continued
`36 CFR S 1194.22 Checkers
`
`Checker
`
`Manual Review
`
`NoScriptChecker
`AnchorChecker
`
`If site uses heavy
`javascript, ensure
`it is readable
`with assistive
`technology.
`
`PlugnChecker
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`FormChecker
`
`LinkSkipChecker
`
`TimeOutChecker
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`No Manual
`Review Required
`
`Review
`candidate
`violations for
`potential time
`based responses.
`
`36 CFRS
`1194.22
`Paragraph Description
`
`into compliance with the other
`requirements in S 1194.22.
`Paragraph (l) requires that
`when web pages rely on
`special programming
`instructions called “scripts to
`affect information displayed or
`to process user input,
`functional text shall be
`provided. Should have textual
`alternative.
`This provision requires that
`web pages which provide
`content such as Real Audio or
`PDF files, also provide a link
`to a plug-in that will meet the
`software provisions.
`Paragraph (n) requires that
`people with disabilities have
`access to interactive electronic
`forms.
`Paragraph (o) provides that a
`method be used to facilitate the
`easy tracking of page content
`that provides users of assistive
`technology the option to skip
`repetitive navigation links.
`Paragraph (p) addresses the
`accessibility problems that can
`occur if a web page times-Out
`while a user is completing a
`form. Web pages can be
`designed with scripts so that
`the web page disappears or
`"expires' if a response is not
`received within a specified
`amount of time.
`
`L
`
`M
`
`N
`
`O
`
`P
`
`0022)
`
`TABLE I(b)
`Checker Functionality
`
`36 CFRS
`1194.22
`Paragraph Checker
`A.
`ImageChecker
`
`ObjectTextChecker
`
`ImageMapChecker
`AppletChecker
`
`Functionality
`Checks that images have valid alt attributes.
`Checks that image links have valid alt attributes.
`Checks that image buttons have valid alt
`attributes.
`Checks that long descriptions are valid.
`Checks that OBJECT elements have enclosed
`textual descriptions.
`Checks that AREAs have valid alt attributes.
`Checks for valid textual alternatives in APPLET
`elements.
`Synchronized MediaChecker Diagnoses multimedia files as candidate
`violations. Enabling “Manual Review prompts
`user to check that they are paired with accessible
`alternatives.
`Checks for sufficient color contrast between
`foreground and background colors.
`Diagnoses pages with color as candidate
`violations. Enabling “Manual Review prompts
`
`B
`
`C
`
`ColorContrastChecker
`
`ColorOffChecker
`
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`US 2004/0148568 A1
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`Jul. 29, 2004
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`TABLE I(b)-continued
`Checker Functionality
`
`36 CFRS
`1194.22
`Paragraph Checker
`
`D
`
`E
`
`StyleChecker
`
`SSIMAPChecker
`
`F
`G & H
`
`ImageMapChecker
`TableChecker
`
`I
`
`J
`
`L
`
`M
`
`N
`
`FrameChecker
`
`FrameTextChecker
`BlinkChecker
`
`CSSChecker
`
`NOSCRIPTChecker
`AnchorChecker
`Plug InChecker
`
`FormChecker
`
`O
`
`P
`
`LinkSkipChecker
`
`TimeOutChecker
`
`0023
`
`Functionality
`user to check that a colorless version of the page
`would be accessible.
`Diagnoses style sheet dependent elements as
`candidate violations. Enabling “Manual Review
`prompts user to verify that the supplied previews
`of elements without style sheets are accessible.
`Diagnoses server-side image maps as candidate
`violations. Enabling “Manual Review prompts
`user to check that textual alternatives are in place.
`Checks that all AREAs have valid alt attributes.
`Checks that THEAD and TBODY are used
`properly.
`Checks that cells are properly associated with a
`table header.
`Checks that a table has either a caption element or
`title attribute.
`Checks that a table has a summary.
`Checks that a table header has an "abbr attribute
`if the enclosed text is longer than one word.
`Checks that a table defines the dir attribute.
`Checks that valid NOFRAMES elements are
`used.
`hecks that a FRAME has a valid title attribute.
`hecks to see if BLINK/MAROUEE elements
`are used.
`Checks to see if BLINK/MAROUEE css
`ributes are used.
`al t
`hecks that valid NOSCRIPT elements are used.
`hecks that links do not directly target javascript.
`hecks that all embedded files have links to
`wnload plug-in.
`O
`hecks that OPTIONS are grouped by
`PTGROUP tags.
`hecks that no form controls are missing labels.
`hecks that labels are positioned properly.
`hecks that labels are explicitly associated with
`controls.
`f .
`ks that FORMs are associated with
`FIELDSET groups.
`Checks that a FIELDSET group contains a
`
`Checks that one OPTION form control is selected
`by default.
`Checks that repetitive navigation links can be
`skipped.
`Diagnoses a time-out page containing a form as a
`candidate violation. Enabling “Manual Review
`prompts user to verify that time-out may be
`turned off.
`
`TABLE II(a)
`36 CFR S 1194.22 Fixers
`
`36 CFRS
`1194.22
`Paragraph Description
`
`Fixers
`
`Manual Fixes
`
`A.
`
`ImageFixer
`Paragraph (a) requires that a text
`ObjectTextFixer
`equivalent for every non-text
`ImageMapFixer
`element shall be provided. The
`AsciiArtFixer
`provision is necessary because
`assistive technology cannot describe AppletFixer
`pictures, but can convey the text
`
`None
`
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`TABLE II(a)-continued
`36 CFR S 1194.22 Fixers
`
`36 CFRS
`1194.22
`Paragraph Description
`
`Fixers
`
`Manual Fixes
`
`B
`
`C
`
`D
`
`E
`
`F
`
`G & H
`
`I
`
`J
`
`K
`
`L
`
`M
`
`N
`
`O
`
`information to the user. This
`provision requires that whenever an
`image is used an appropriate alt
`attribute must be defined.
`Paragraph (b) provides that
`equivalent alternatives for any
`ia presentation shall be
`multimed
`synchronized with the presentation.
`Paragraph (c) prohibits the use of
`he single method for
`color as
`indicating important information on
`a web page
`Paragraph (d) provides that
`s must be organized so
`documen
`they are readable without requiring
`browser support for style sheets.
`Paragraph (e) requires web page
`designers
`to include redundant text
`each active region of a
`links for
`e image map on their web
`server-sid
`pages.
`
`Paragraph (f) provides that client
`side image maps shall be provided
`server-side image maps
`instead o
`here the regions cannot be
`except w
`defined with an available geometric
`shape.
`Paragraphs (g) and (h) permit the
`use of tables, but require that the
`coded according to the
`tables be
`developing tables of the
`rules for
`markup language used.
`Paragraph (i) addresses the use of
`frames and requires that they be
`h text to identify the frame
`titled wit
`in navigating the frames.
`and assis
`Paragraph () sets limits on the blink
`or flicker
`rate of screen elements.
`Paragraph (k) requires that a text
`page shall only be
`only web
`provided as a last resort method for
`bringing a web site into compliance
`with the other requirements in
`S1194.22
`Paragraph (l) requires that when web
`pages rely on special programming
`instructions called “scripts to affect
`information displayed or to process
`user input, functional text shall be
`provided.
`Should have textual
`alternativ
`C.
`This provision requires that web
`pages which provide content such as
`Real Audio or PDF files, also
`provide a link to a plug-in that will
`software provisions.
`meet the
`Paragraph (n) requires that people
`with disabilities have access to
`e electronic forms.
`interactiv
`Paragraph (o) provides that a method
`be used to facilitate the easy tracking
`of page content that provides users
`of assistive technology the option to
`skip repetitive navigation links.
`
`infa
`
`ColorContrastFixer
`
`infa
`
`ImageMapFixer
`
`ImageMapFixer
`
`Add equivalent
`alternatives for
`any multimedia
`presentation.
`Add alternatives
`for any
`information that
`requires color.
`Ensure that style
`sheets are not
`required for
`functionality.
`If a server-side
`image map is
`used, insert
`links with
`textual
`alternatives into
`page.
`None
`
`TableFixer
`
`None
`
`FrameFixer
`FrameTextFixer
`
`None
`
`BlinkFixer
`CSSFixer
`infa
`
`None
`
`None
`
`NoScriptFixer
`Anchorfixer
`ManualScriptFixer
`
`If page cannot
`be used without
`scripts, create
`alternate page.
`
`PluginFixer
`
`None
`
`FormEixer
`
`None
`
`LinkGroupFixer
`
`None
`
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`

`

`US 2004/0148568 A1
`
`Jul. 29, 2004
`
`TABLE II(a)-continued
`36 CFR S 1194.22 Fixers
`
`Fixers
`
`Manual Fixes
`
`MetaRefresh Fixer
`
`None
`
`36 CFRS
`1194.22
`Paragraph Description
`
`Paragraph (p) addresses the
`accessibility problems that can occur
`if a web page times-out while a user
`is completing a form. Web pages can
`be designed with scripts so that the
`web page disappears or "expires” if
`a response is not received within a
`specified amount of time.
`
`P
`
`0024
`
`TABLE II(b)
`Fixer Functionality
`
`36 CFRS
`1194.22
`Paragraph Fixer
`
`Functionality
`
`A.
`
`C
`
`F
`
`G & H
`
`I
`
`J
`
`L
`
`M
`N
`
`O
`
`ImageFixer
`
`ImageMapFixer
`
`TableFixer
`
`Adds alt attributes to images
`Adds alt attributes to image buttons
`Adds alt attributes to image links
`Replaces alt attributes that are too long with shorter ones
`Replaces vague alt attributes on images with more
`meaningful ones
`Replaces empty or invalid longdesc descriptions with valid
`Oile:S
`Replaces vague alt attributes on image buttons with more
`meaningful ones
`Adds a valid textual description to OBJECT elements
`ObjectTextFixer
`Adds textual alternatives to APPLET elements
`AppletFixer
`ColorContrastFixer Allows developer to select a new color which has sufficient
`COOr contrast
`Adds alt attributes to AREAs
`Replaces vague alt attributes in AREAs with more
`meaningful ones
`Inserts a caption element or title attribute to a table
`Enters a single word abbreviation for a table header
`Enters a dir attribute for a table
`Associates cells with a table header
`Enters a summary attribute for the table
`Adds a NOFRAMES tag to the page
`Adds a valid title attribute to a FRAME
`Replaces BLINK elements with other forms of emphasis
`Replaces BLINK/MAROUEE CSS elements with other
`forms of emphasis
`Adds a NOSCRIPT element
`Modifies anchors so they do not directly target javascript
`Adds a link to download identified media types
`Adds OPTGROUP tags to element groups
`Adds LABEL elements to forms
`Explicitly associates a LABEL element with the form
`control
`Associates a FIELDSET grouping with a form
`Adds a LEGEND to a FIELDSET
`Adds a “selected attribute to one OPTION element in each
`SELECT form control
`Adds inner-document links to group sets of related links
`
`FrameFixer
`FrameTextFixer
`BlinkFixer
`CSSFixer
`
`NOSCRIPTFxer
`Anchorfixer
`Plug InFixer
`FormExer
`
`LinkSkipFixer
`
`ACCESSIBE LTD EXHIBIT 1005
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`

`US 2004/0148568 A1
`
`Jul. 29, 2004
`
`0025 Note that attributes listed in Tables I(a), I(b), II(a)
`and II(b) are key/value pairs that can be associated with an
`element in a tree. In HTML an example of an attribute would
`be the IMG element's alt attribute. (IMG is the HTML
`element that defines an image in a document). This alt
`attribute would be represented as alt="descriptive text”. In
`this example alt is the attributes key, and descriptive text is
`the attributes value. An element, on the other hand, is a typed
`node that is a part of a document. An element's type
`communicates its function in the document. An element may
`have child elements as well as attributes.
`0026. The compliance retrofitter described above is used
`to build and maintain compliant HTML. It can be used to
`retrofit web sites by enabling automated and user-driven
`accessibility enhancements. It updates HTML code to make
`it compliant with 36 CFR S 1194.22.
`0027. The compliance retrofitter describes violations and
`offerS recommended Solutions. The compliance retrofitter
`enables customized tool Selection to prioritize the desired
`retrofittings. The user may be presented with GUIs that are
`constantly updated to allow real time viewing of retrofitting
`effects.
`0028. The functionality of the compliance retrofitter may
`include customizable reports, current page reporting,
`enhanced "look and feel” and Summary Statistics. The algo
`rithms of the compliance retrofitter may also include online
`"just-in-time' learning and diagnostic tolerances. Enhanced
`reporting may be included and may include Summary report
`ing by total violations and violation type, page-by-page
`HTML reports, page-by-page spidering (building multiple
`pages by crawling through a publicly available website) and
`overall Spidering Speed increase.
`
`B. Link Skip Checker
`0029. As illustrated in Tables I(a) and I(b), the compli
`ance retrofitter may include a link Skip checker. The link skip
`checker checks for violations of paragraph (o) of S 1194.22,
`which provides: “A method shall be provided that permits
`users to Skip repetitive navigation links.” The link skip
`checker implements an algorithm that finds logical groups of
`links in the document and flags them (i.e., specifies a
`particular HTML element as a