(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0107493 A1
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Apr. 17, 2014
`Yuen et al.
`
`US 2014O107493A1
`
`(54)
`
`(71)
`(72)
`
`PORTABLE BOMETRIC MONITORING
`DEVICES AND METHODS OF OPERATING
`SAME
`
`Applicant: Fitbit, Inc.
`
`Inventors: Shelten Gee Jao Yuen, Berkeley, CA
`(US); Mark Manuel Martinez, San
`Francisco, CA (US); Andrew Cole
`Axley, Oakland, CA (US); Eric Nathan
`Friedman, San Francisco, CA (US);
`James Park, Berkeley, CA (US)
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.: 13/924,784
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jun. 24, 2013
`
`(60)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Provisional application No. 61/662.961, filed on Jun.
`22, 2012, provisional application No. 61/752,826,
`filed on Jan. 15, 2013.
`
`
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(2006.01)
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`A6IB5/024
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`CPC ......... A61B5/02427 (2013.01); A61 B 5/02438
`(2013.01); A61 B 5/02433 (2013.01)
`USPC ........................................... 600/473; 600/479
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`The present inventions, in one aspect, are directed to portable
`biometric monitoring device including a housing having a
`physical size and shape that is adapted to couple to the user's
`body, at least one band to secure the monitoring device to the
`user, a physiological sensor, disposed in the housing, togen
`erate data which is representative of a physiological condition
`of the user data. The physiological sensor may include a light
`Source to generate and output light having at least a first
`wavelength, and a photodetector to detect scattered light (e.g.,
`from the user). A light pipe is disposed in the housing and
`optically coupled to the light source directs/transmits light
`therefrom along a predetermined path to an outer Surface of
`the housing. Processing circuitry calculates a heart rate of the
`user using data which is representative of the scattered light.
`
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`Device housing
`(steel, aluminum,
`plastic, etc.)
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`Securement method:
`Hook and loop
`Clasp
`Band Shape memory
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`POtusion
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`Charger
`Mating recess
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`
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`Buttons
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`Attachment
`Band
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`US 2014/01 07493 A1
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`Apr. 17, 2014
`
`PORTABLE BOMETRIC MONITORING
`DEVICES AND METHODS OF OPERATING
`SAME
`
`RELATED APPLICATION
`0001. This non-provisional application claims priority to
`(i) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/662.961, entitled
`“Wireless Personal Biometrics Monitor, filed Jun. 22, 2012,
`and (ii) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/752,826,
`entitled “Portable Monitoring Devices and Methods of Oper
`ating Same', filed Jan. 15, 2013; the contents of these Provi
`sional Applications are incorporated by reference herein in
`their entirety.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`0002 The present inventions relate to a biometric moni
`toring device and methods and techniques to collect one or
`more types of physiological and/or environmental data from
`embedded or resident sensors and/or external devices and
`communicates or relays such information to other devices or
`other internet-viewable sources. (See, for example, FIG. 1).
`While the user is wearing or manipulating the biometric
`monitoring device, through one or a plurality of sensors, the
`device may detect one or many of physiological metrics
`including, but not limited to, the user's heart rate.
`0003. The device may have a user interface directly on the
`device that indicates the state of one or more of the data types
`available and/or being tracked/acquired. The user interface
`may also be used to display data from other devices or Inter
`net SOurces.
`0004. The device may implement wireless communica
`tions so that when the user and device comes within range of
`a wireless base station or access point, the stored data auto
`matically uploads to an internet viewable source Such as a
`website.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`0005. In the course of the detailed description to follow,
`reference will be made to the attached drawings. These draw
`ings show different aspects of the present inventions and,
`where appropriate, reference numerals illustrating like struc
`tures, components, materials and/or elements in different fig
`ures are labeled similarly. The various embodiments dis
`closed herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by
`way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying draw
`ings and in which like reference numerals refer to the same
`and/or similar structures/components/features/elements. It is
`understood that various combinations of the structures, com
`ponents, features and/or elements, other than those specifi
`cally shown, are contemplated and are within the scope of the
`present inventions.
`0006 Moreover, there are many inventions described and
`illustrated herein. The present inventions are neither limited
`to any single aspect nor embodiment thereof, nor to any
`combinations and/or permutations of Such aspects and/or
`embodiments. Moreover, each of the aspects of the present
`inventions, and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed
`alone or in combination with one or more of the other aspects
`of the present inventions and/or embodiments thereof. For the
`sake of brevity, certain permutations and combinations are
`not discussed and/or illustrated separately herein.
`0007. The various embodiments disclosed herein are illus
`trated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the
`
`figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like ref
`erence numerals refer to similar elements and in which:
`0008 FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary portable monitoring
`device which enables user interaction via a user interface,
`wherein the portable monitoring device may have a user
`interface, processor, biometric sensor(s), memory, environ
`mental sensor(s) and/or a wireless transceiver which may
`communicate with an external device (for example, a client
`and/or server);
`0009 FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary portable biometric
`monitoring device which may be secured to the user through
`the use of a band; the exemplary portable biometric monitor
`ing device may have a display, button(s), electronics package,
`and/or a band or an attachment band; notably, the band or
`attachment band is employed to secure the portable biometric
`monitoring device to the user, for example, an appendage of
`the user, for example, via hooks and loops (e.g., Velcro), a
`clasp, and/or aband having memory of its shape (e.g. through
`the use of for example, a spring metal band, elastic band, a
`“rubber' band, and/or a watch-like band);
`0010 FIG.3 illustrates a view of the skin facing portion of
`the portable biometric monitoring device of for example,
`FIG. 2; notably, in this embodiment, the portable monitoring
`device includes a sensor protrusion and recess formating a
`charger and/or data transmission cable; notable, the protru
`sion may more firmly maintain the sensor in contact with the
`skin of the user (for example, predetermined or fixed rela
`tional contact with the skin of the user);
`0011 FIG. 4 illustrates across-sectional view (through the
`electronics package) of an exemplary portable biometric
`monitoring device;
`0012 FIG. 5 illustrates a cross sectional view of a sensor
`protrusion of an exemplary portable biometric monitoring
`device; notably, two light sources (e.g. LEDs) may be
`located on one or more sides of the photodetector (for
`example, either side or opposing sides of a photodetector) to
`enable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing wherein light
`blocking material may be placed between the light sources
`and the photodetector to prevent any light from the light
`Sources from going through the device body and being
`detected by the photodetector (in one embodiment, the light
`sources and photodetector are placed on a flexible PCB); a
`flexible transparent layer may be placed on the lower surface
`of the sensorprotrusion to form a seal wherein the transparent
`layer may provide other functions such as preventing liquid
`from entering the device where the light sources or photode
`tectors are disposed or placed; notably, the transparent layer
`may be formed through in-mold labeling or “IML:
`0013 FIG. 6 illustrates a cross sectional view of a sensor
`protrusion of an exemplary portable biometric monitoring
`device; notably, the protrusion is similar to that illustrated in
`the exemplary portable biometric monitoring device of FIG.
`5; however, the light sources and photodetector are placed on
`a flat and/or rigid PCB;
`0014 FIG. 7 illustrates another cross-sectional view of a
`PPG sensor, wherein in this embodiment, the PPG sensor
`does not include a protrusion; moreover, a gasket and/or a
`pressure sensitive adhesive may be employed to resist, inhibit
`and/or prevent liquid from entering the body of the device;
`(0015 FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary geometry of a PPG
`light Source and photodetector wherein, in this embodiment,
`two light Sources are placed on either side of a photodetector;
`notably, the lights Sources and photodetector may be disposed
`or located in a protrusion on the back of a portable biometric
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`Apr. 17, 2014
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`monitoring device which may also operate as a smart watch
`(the side which faces the skin of the user);
`0016 FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor having a
`photodetector and two LED light sources which may be dis
`posed or located in a portable biometric monitoring device
`having a protrusion; notably, in this embodiment, light pipes
`are optically connected the LEDs and photodetector to the
`surface of the user's skin, wherein, in operation, the light
`from the light sources scatters/reflects off of blood in the
`body, some of which reaches the photodetector via the light
`pipes; notably, the light pipes preferentially director transmit
`light along a predetermined path, for example, defined by the
`geometry and/or material of the light pipe:
`0017 FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary PPG detector hav
`ing a protrusion with curved sides to reduce and/or minimize
`any discomfort to the user during operation and/or to more
`firmly maintain the sensor in contact with the skin of the user
`(for example, predetermined or fixed relational contact with
`the skin of the user); in this embodiment, the surface of light
`pipes are connect the photodetector and LEDs to the user's
`skin and are contoured to enhance and/or maximize light flux
`coupling between the LEDs and photodetectors to the light
`pipes; notably, the end of the light pipes which face the users
`skin may also contoured wherein this contour may provide
`focusing or defocusing to enhance and/or optimize the PPG
`signal (for example, the contour may focus light to a certain
`depth and location which coincides with an area where blood
`flow is likely to occur); in addition, the vertex of these foci
`overlap or are very close together so that the photodetector
`may receive, for example, the maximum possible amount of
`scattered/reflected light;
`0018 FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary portable biometric
`monitoring device having a band and optical sensors and light
`emitters disposed therein;
`0019 FIG. 12 illustrates a portable biometric monitoring
`device having a display and wristband; an optical PPG (e.g.
`heart rate) detection sensors and/or emitters may be disposed
`or located on the side of the device; notably, in one embodi
`ment, the sensors and/or emitters are disposed or located in
`buttons mounted on the side of the device;
`0020 FIG. 13 illustrates a user who is inputting a user
`input by pressing the side of a portable biometric monitoring
`device wherein, in response, the device takes a heart rate
`measurement from a side mounted optical heart rate detection
`sensor; a display of the device may thereafter display whether
`or not the heart rate has been detected and/or display the
`user's heart rate;
`0021 FIG. 14 illustrates functionality of a portable bio
`metric monitoring device Smart alarm feature wherein, in this
`embodiment, the monitoring device may be able to detect or
`may be in communication with a device which can detect the
`sleep stage or state of a user (e.g. light or deep sleep); the user
`may set a window of time which they would like to be awoken
`(e.g. 6:15am to 6:45am); the Smartalarm may be triggered by
`the user going into a light sleep state during the alarm win
`dow;
`0022 FIG. 15 illustrates, in a flow diagram form, the
`operation of a portable biometric monitoring device which
`changes how the device detects a user's heart rate based on
`how much movement the device is experiencing; in this
`embodiment, there is motion detected (e.g. through the use of
`an accelerometer), the user may be considered active and high
`sampling rate heart rate detection may occur to reduce motion
`artifacts in the heart rate measurement; the data may be saved
`
`and/or displayed; notably, where the user is not moving, low
`sampling heart rate detection (which does not consume as
`much power) may be adequate to measure a heart rate;
`0023 FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary portable monitor
`ing device which has a bicycle application (resident thereon)
`which may display speed and/or cadence among other met
`rics; the application may be activated whenever the monitor
`ing device comes into proximity of a passive or active NFC
`tag, which may be attached to or disposed on the bicycle, for
`example, the bicycle handlebar(s), frame and/or pedal(s):
`I0024 FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor having
`a light source, light detector, ADC, processor, DAC/GPIOs,
`and light source intensity and on/off control;
`0025 FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor which
`is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17: in this
`embodiment, however, the sensor employs a sample and hold
`circuit as well as analog signal conditioning:
`0026 FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor which
`is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17: in this
`embodiment, however, the sensor employs a sample and hold
`circuit (and, in one embodiment, oversamples the signals);
`0027 FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor having
`multiple switchable light sources and detectors, light source
`intensity and on/off control, and signal conditioning circuitry
`10028 FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor which
`uses synchronous detection; notably, in this embodiment, a
`demodulator is employed to detect/recover the signal;
`0029 FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor which
`is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17: in this
`embodiment, however, the sensor employs a differential
`amplifier in the signal detection path;
`I0030 FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor having
`many of the features/circuitry illustrated in FIG. 17-22:
`0031 FIG. 24 illustrates certain circuitry/elements of an
`exemplary portable biometric monitoring device having a
`heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibromotor/
`Vibramotor, and communication circuitry which are con
`nected to a processor;
`0032 FIG. 25 illustrates certain circuitry/elements of an
`exemplary portable biometric monitoring device having a
`heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibromotor/
`Vibramotor, location sensor, altitude sensor, skin conduc
`tance/wet sensor and communication circuitry which is con
`nected to a processor;
`0033 FIG. 26 illustrates certain circuitry/elements of an
`exemplary portable monitoring device having physiological
`sensors, environmental sensors, and/or location sensors con
`nected to a processor;
`0034 FIG. 27 illustrates, in block diagram form, exem
`plary signal flow of motion signals and optical PPG signals
`which are employed to measure a heart rate of the user;
`0035 FIG. 28 illustrates, in block diagram form, exem
`plary signal flow of motion signals and optical PPG signals
`which are employed to measure a heart rate of the user;
`0036 FIG. 29 illustrates a sensor which has an analog
`connection to a sensor processor which, in turn, has a digital
`connection to an application processor;
`0037 FIG. 30 illustrates a sensor device which has one or
`multiple sensors connected to an application processor; and
`0038 FIG. 31 illustrates a sensor device which has one or
`multiple sensors connected to sensor processors which, in
`turn, are connected to an application processor.
`0039 Again, there are many inventions described and
`illustrated herein. The present inventions are neither limited
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`US 2014/01 07493 A1
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`Apr. 17, 2014
`
`to any single aspect nor embodiment thereof, nor to any
`combinations and/or permutations of Such aspects and/or
`embodiments. Each of the aspects of the present inventions,
`and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed alone or in
`combination with one or more of the other aspects of the
`present inventions and/or embodiments thereof. For the sake
`of brevity, many of those combinations and permutations are
`not discussed separately herein.
`0040. Moreover, many other aspects, inventions and
`embodiments, which may be different from and/or similar to,
`the aspects, inventions and embodiments illustrated in the
`drawings, will be apparent from the description, illustrations
`and claims, which follow. In addition, although various fea
`tures and attributes have been illustrated in the drawings
`and/or are apparent in light thereof, it should be understood
`that such features and attributes, and advantages thereof, are
`not required whether in one, some or all of the embodiments
`of the present inventions and, indeed, need not be present in
`any of the embodiments of the present inventions.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`0041 At the outset, it should be noted that there are many
`inventions described and illustrated herein. The present
`inventions are neither limited to any single aspect nor
`embodiment thereof, nor to any combinations and/or permu
`tations of Such aspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each
`of the aspects of the present inventions, and/or embodiments
`thereof, may be employed alone or in combination with one
`or more of the other aspects of the present inventions and/or
`embodiments thereof. For the sake of brevity, many of those
`permutations and combinations will not be discussed sepa
`rately herein.
`0042. Further, in the course of describing and illustrating
`the present inventions, various circuitry, architectures, struc
`tures, components, functions and/or elements, as well as com
`binations and/or permutations thereof, are set forth. It should
`be understood that circuitry, architectures, structures, com
`ponents, functions and/or elements other than those specifi
`cally described and illustrated, are contemplated and are
`within the scope of the present inventions, as well as combi
`nations and/or permutations thereof.
`0043. Physiological Sensors
`0044) The portable biometric monitoring device of the
`present inventions may use one, some or all of the following
`sensors to acquire physiological data, including the physi
`ological data outlined in the table below. All combinations
`and permutations of physiological sensors and/or physiologi
`cal data are intended to fall within the scope of the present
`inventions. The portable biometric monitoring device of the
`present inventions may include but is not limited to the types
`one, some or all of sensors specified below to acquire the
`corresponding physiological data; indeed, other type(s) of
`sensors may be employed to acquire the corresponding physi
`ological data, which are intended to fall within the scope of
`the present inventions. Additionally, the device may derive
`the physiological data from the corresponding sensor output
`data, but is not limited to the number or types of physiological
`data that it could derive from said sensor.
`
`Physiological Sensors
`
`Optical Reflectometer
`Potential embodiments:
`
`Physiological data acquired
`
`Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability
`SpO2 (Saturation of Peripheral
`
`-continued
`
`Physiological Sensors
`
`Physiological data acquired
`
`Light emitter and receiver
`Multi or single LED and photo
`diode arrangement
`Wavelength tuned for specific
`physiological signals
`Synchronous detection amplitude
`modulation
`Motion Detector
`Potential embodiments:
`nertial, Gyro or Accelerometer
`GPS
`Skin Temp
`EMG
`EKG
`Potential Embodiments:
`lead
`2 lead
`Magnetometer
`Laser Doppler
`Power Meter
`Oltra Sound
`Audio
`Strain gauge
`Potential embodiment:
`in a wrist band
`Wet sensor
`Potential embodiment:
`galvanic skin response
`
`Oxygen)
`Respiration
`Stress
`Blood pressure
`Arterial Stiffness
`Blood glucose levels
`Blood volume
`Heart rate recovery
`Cardiac health
`Activity level detection
`Sittingstanding detection
`Fall detection
`Stress
`Muscle tension
`Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability,
`Heart Rate Recovery
`Stress
`Cardiac health
`Activity level based on rotation
`Blood flow
`Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability,
`Heart Rate Recovery
`Laugh detection
`Respiration
`Respiration type-Snoring, breathing,
`breathing problems
`Oser's voice
`Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability
`Stress
`Stress
`Swimming detection
`Shower detection
`
`0045. In one exemplary embodiment, the portable biomet
`ric monitoring device includes an optical sensor to detect,
`sense, sample and/or generate data that may be used to deter
`mine information representative of for example, stress (or
`level thereof), blood pressure and/or heart rate of a user. (See,
`for example, FIGS. 2-7 and 17-23). In this embodiment, the
`biometric monitoring device includes an optical sensor hav
`ing one or more light sources (LED, laser, etc.) to emit or
`output light into the user's body and/or light detectors (pho
`todiodes, phototransistors, etc.) to sample, measure and/or
`detect a response or reflection and provide data used to deter
`mine data which is representative of stress (or level thereof),
`blood pressure and/or heart rate of a user (e.g., using photop
`lethysmography—"PPG').
`0046. In one exemplary embodiment, a user's heart rate
`measurement may be triggered by criteria determined by one
`or more sensors (or processing circuitry connected to them).
`For instance, when data from the motion sensor(s) indicates a
`period of stillness or little motion, the biometric monitoring
`device may trigger, acquire and/or obtain a heart rate mea
`surement or data. (See, for example, FIGS. 15, 24 and 25). In
`one embodiment, when the motion sensor(s) indicate user
`activity or motion (for example, motion that is not suitable or
`optimum to trigger, acquire and/or obtain desired heart rate
`measurement or data (for example, data used to determine a
`user's resting heart rate), the biometric monitoring device
`and/or the sensor(s) employed to acquire and/or obtain
`desired heart rate measurement or data may be placed or
`remain in a low power state. Notably, measurements taken
`during motion may be less reliable and may be corrupted by
`motion artifact (for example, relative motion between the
`sensors and the user).
`0047. In another embodiment, the biometric monitoring
`device of the present inventions may employ data indicative
`
`MASIMO 2061
`Apple v. Masimo
`IPR2022-01466
`
`

`

`US 2014/01 07493 A1
`
`Apr. 17, 2014
`
`of user activity or motion (for example, from one or more
`motion sensors) to adjust or modify characteristics of trigger
`ing, acquiring and/or obtaining desired heart rate measure
`ment or data (for example, to improve robustness to motion
`artifact). For instance, data indicative of user activity or
`motion may be employed to adjust or modify the sampling
`rate and/or resolution mode of sensors which acquire heart
`rate data (for example, where the amount of user motion
`exceeds a certain threshold, the biometric monitoring device
`may increase the sampling rate and/or increase the sampling
`resolution mode of sensors employed to acquire heart rate
`measurement or data). Moreover, the biometric monitoring
`device may adjust or modify the sampling rate and/or reso
`lution mode of the motion sensor(s) during Such periods of
`user activity or motion (for example, periods where the
`amount of user motion exceeds a certain threshold). In this
`way, when the biometric monitoring device determines or
`detects such useractivity or motion, the motion sensor(s) may
`be placed into a higher sampling rate and/or higher sampling
`resolution mode to, for example, enable more accurate adap
`tive filtering on the heart rate signal. (See, for example, FIG.
`15).
`0048. Notably, where the biometric monitoring device
`employs optical techniques to acquire heart rate measure
`ments or data (e.g., photoplethysmography), a motion signal
`may be employed to determine or establish a particular
`approach or technique to data acquisition or measurement
`(e.g., synchronous detection rather than a non-amplitude
`modulated approach or technique) and/or analysis thereof.
`(See, for example, FIG. 21). In this way, the data which is
`indicative of the amount of user motion or activity establishes
`or adjusts the type or technique of data acquisition or mea
`Surement by the optical heart rate data acquisition sensors.
`0049. For example, in one preferred embodiment, the bio
`metric monitoring device and technique of the present inven
`tions may adjust and/or reduce the sampling rate of optical
`heart rate sampling when the motion detector circuitry detects
`or determines that the user's motion is below a threshold (for
`example, the biometric monitoring device determines the
`user is sedentary or asleep). (See, for example, FIG. 15). In
`this way, the biometric monitoring device may control its
`power consumption (for example, reduce power consumption
`by reducing the sampling rate—for instance, the biometric
`monitoring device may sample the heart rate (via the heart
`rate sensor) once every 10 minutes, or 10 seconds out of every
`1 minute. Notably, the biometric monitoring device may, in
`addition thereto or in lieuthereof, control power consumption
`via controlling data processing circuitry analysis and/or data
`analysis techniques in accordance with motion detection. As
`Such, the motion of the user may impact the heart rate data
`acquisition parameters and/or data analysis or processing
`thereof.
`0050. In yet another embodiment, the biometric monitor
`ing device may employ sensors to calculate heart rate vari
`ability when the device determines the user to be, for
`example, sedentary or asleep. Here, the device may operate
`the sensors in a higher-rate sampling mode (relative to non
`sedentary periods or periods of user activity that exceed a
`predetermined threshold) to calculate heart rate variability.
`The biometric monitoring device (or external device) may
`employ heart rate variability as an indicator of cardiac health
`Or StreSS.
`0051
`Indeed, in a preferred embodiment, the biometric
`monitoring device measures and/or determines the user's
`
`stress level and/or cardiac health when the user is sedentary
`and/or asleep (for example, as detected and/or determined
`(for example, automatically) by the biometric monitoring
`device). The biometric monitoring device of the present
`inventions may determine the user's stress level, health state
`(e.g., risk, onset, or progression of fever or cold) and/or car
`diac health using sensor data which is indicative of the heart
`rate variability, galvanic skin response, skin temperature,
`body temperature and/or heart rate. In this way, processing
`circuitry of the biometric monitoring device may determine
`and/or track the user’s “baseline' stress levels over time and/
`or cardiac “health' over time. In another embodiment, the
`device measures a physiologic parameter of the user during
`one or more periods where the user is motionless (or the
`user's motion is below a predetermined threshold), sitting,
`lying down, asleep, or in a particular sleep stage (e.g., deep
`sleep). Such data may also be employed as a “baseline' for
`stress-related parameters, health-related parameters (e.g.,
`risk or onset of fever or cold), cardiac health, heart rate var