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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
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`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
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`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -- 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`Previous eds. published undertitle: Microsoft Press compute
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7356-0615-3
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`004'.03--de21
`
`99-20168
`
`CIP
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`Printed and boundin the United States of America.
`
`123456789 MLML 432109
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`Distributed in Canada by ITP Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa-
`tion with any real company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or should be inferred.
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`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
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`

`

`virtual disk
`
`virtual private network
`
`virtual disk n. See RAM disk.
`
`virtual display device driver n. See virtual device
`driver.
`
`Virtual File Allocation Table n. See VFAT.
`
`virtual image 7. An imagethat is stored in computer
`memory but is too large to be shownin its entirety on
`the screen. Scrolling and panning are used to bring
`unseen portions of the image into view. See also vir-
`tual screen.
`
`virtual-imagefile n. A file that specifies the material
`to be recorded onto a CD-ROM. A virtual-imagefile
`generally contains pointers to files that are distrib-
`uted across a hard disk rather than gathered in one
`area. Since a complete copy of the material is not
`assembled, problems may occur in writing the CD-
`ROM dueto delays in assembling the material from a
`scattered group offiles. See also CD-ROM. Compare
`physical-imagefile.
`Virtual Interface Architecture 7n. An interface speci-
`fication that defines a standard low-latency, high-
`bandwidth means of communication between clusters
`of servers in a System Area Network (SAN). Devel-
`oped by Compaq, Intel, Microsoft, and more than
`100 industry groups, the Virtual Interface Architec-
`ture is processor and operating-system independent.
`By reducing the time required for message-passing
`between applications and the network,it seeks to
`reduce overhead and thus deliver enterprise-level
`scalability for mission-critical applications. Acro-
`nym: VIA. Also called VI Architecture. See also clus-
`ter, System Area Network.
`
`virtual LAN n. Short for virtual local area network.
`A local area network consisting of groups of hosts
`that are on physically different segments butthat
`communicate as though they were on the same wire.
`See also LAN.
`
`virtual machine n. Software that mimics the perfor-
`mance of a hardware device, such as a program that
`allows applications written for an Intel processor to
`be run on a Motorola chip. Acronym: VM.
`virtual memory n. Memorythat appears to an ap-
`plication to be larger and more uniform thanit is.
`Virtual memory may be partially simulated by sec-
`ondary storage such as a hard disk. Applications ac-
`cess memory through virtual addresses, which are
`translated (mapped) by special hardware andsoft-
`ware onto physical addresses. Acronym: VM.Also
`called disk memory. See also paging, segmentation.
`
`virtual monitor n. An enhanced monitor viewing sys-
`tem for visually impaired users that uses a virtual-
`reality headset to move enlarged text across the
`screen in a direction opposite to head motion. See
`also virtualreality.
`virtual namespace n. Thesetofall hierarchical se-
`quences of namesthat can be used by an application
`to locate objects. One such sequence of names de-
`fines a path through the virtual name space, regard-
`less of whether the hierarchy of namesreflects the
`actual arrangementof objects around the system. For
`example, the virtual name space of a Web server con-
`sists of all possible URLs on the network on whichit
`runs. See also URL.
`
`virtual network n. A part of a network that appears
`to a user to be a networkof its own. For example,
`an Internet service provider can set up multiple do-
`mains on a single HTTP server so that each one can
`be addressed with its company’s registered domain
`name. See also domain name, HTTPserver(defini-
`tion 1), ISP.
`
`virtual path n. 1. A sequence of namesthat is used
`to locate a file and that has the same form as a path-
`namein the file system but is not necessarily the
`actual sequence of directory names under which
`the file is located. The part of a URLthat follows
`the server nameis a virtual path. For example, if the
`directory c.\bar\sinister\forces\distance on the
`server miles is shared on the local area networkat
`foo.com under the name \\Wniles\baz and contains the
`file elena.htmil, that file may be returned by a Web
`request for http://miles.foo.com/baz/elena.html.
`2. In Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), a set of
`virtual channels that are switched together as a unit
`through the network. See also ATM (definition 1),
`virtual channel.
`
`virtual peripheral n. A peripheral that can be refer-
`enced but does not physically exist. For example, an
`application mighttreat a serial port through which
`data is being transmitted as a printer, but the device
`receiving the data might be another computerinstead.
`virtual printer n. A feature in many operating sys-
`tems that allows printer output to be saved to a file
`until a printer becomesavailable.
`virtual printer device driver n. See virtual device
`driver.
`
`virtual private network n. 1. A set of nodes ona
`public network such as the Internet that communicate
`
`471
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